本書延續《塞尚與柏格森》立論，以柏格森哲學的角度，解索繼塞尚而起的現代繪畫三大流派：野獸主義、立體主義、未來主義之代表性成員，還有相關旁支：韻律主義、奧菲主義，以及重要藝術家杜象等六個主題。首頁特別刊錄塞尚含有三種圓體(「圓柱體、球體、圓錐體」)的核心作品:《傑佛華畫像》與《佛拉畫像》，意在銜接筆者的首要發現: 塞尚在這二幅畫裡分別以柏格森著作裡的三個圖示(「蜆形」、「水準與垂直線」、「圓錐體」) 巧妙構圖，並且先後精心標示柏格森姓名縮寫「H.B.」，特別指引其畫作與柏格森哲學之密切關聯性，二個圖證明白可稽，彌足珍貴。因而，依循塞尚的創作思維，並延續原有的「表像與實在」暨「直覺與理智」分析脈絡，進而解索其後繼者彼此較勁、多元且富於變化、甚至競爭對立的各式柏格森風格乃更加引人入勝，這個解釋框架不僅揭示了柏格森哲學的關鍵特徵，也為理解塞尚晚期作品和二十世紀早期現代繪畫中的「柏格森主義」開闢了一條重要途徑，有別於一般對此主題較為零星、片斷的討論。本書不同於其它論述還在於: 跨哲學、繪畫與藝術社會學領域之對比與視域融合，因此，所見不同但獨到，至今仍屬此主題少見的專著之一，值得分享並祈指教。作者以嚴謹研究與圖像實證，重構被遺忘的「柏格森思潮」與現代藝術的交會，讓我們重新看見藝術與哲學激蕩出的創造火花，這不僅是藝術史的創見，更是一場跨越百年的精采探險。 This sequel to Cézanne and Bergson extends the Bergsonian interpretation to the major developments of modern painting after Cézanne, encompassing the key figures of Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Rhythmism, Orphism, and Marcel Duchamp. Reconnecting with my earlier findings, the opening pages focus on two of Cézanne’s major works—Portrait of Gustave Geffroy and Portrait of Ambroise Vollard—both of which contain his signature spheres (cylinder, sphere, and cone). Moreover, Cézanne structured these paintings in accordance with Bergson’s well-known schemata (“the shell,” “the horizontal and vertical lines,” and “the cone”), while discreetly embedding the initials “H.B.” twice as tributes to the philosopher. The author gratefully uncovered these two pieces of evidence, respectively in 2002 and 2024—discoveries that are by no means mere illusions. Building on this foundation and adopting the same approach, the present volume continues to examine how younger artists engaged in dialogue with Bergsonian philosophy, epistemologically through “intuition and reason” and metaphysically through “appearance and reality.” It also traces the intertextual resonances between philosophical symbols and artistic metaphors. This interpretive framework not only reveals the key features of Bergsonian philosophy but also opens a significant path toward understanding Bergsonism in both Cézanne’s late works and early twentieth-century modern painting. This differs from the usual sporadic and fragmented discussions on this topic. While it is widely recognized that younger artists turned to Cézanne in search of new stylistic directions, it is equally important to acknowledge that they also drew upon Bergsonian thought to articulate and validate their innovations. From this perspective, one of the defining features of modern painting emerges as the plural and inventive formal expressions of a distinctly Bergsonian style. This is not only an original contribution to art history but also a fascinating adventure that spans a century.
