美國憲法：基本原則與案例 American Constitutional Law：Basic Principles and Cases
American Constitutional Law：Basic Principles and Cases
活動訊息
內容簡介
【本書特色】
「美國憲法／基本原則與案例」一書之編纂，係為提供基礎英美法教學與學習之用，內容包括「聯邦司法權」（Federal Judicial Power）、「聯邦立法權」（Federal Legislative Power）、「聯邦行政權」（Federal Executive Power）、「聯邦主義及憲法增修條文第10條」（Federalism and the Tenth Amendment）、「人權法案及內戰後增修條文」（The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments）、「法律正當程序」（Due Process of Law）、「法律平等保護原則」（Equal Protection of the Laws）、「言論自由」（Freedom of Speech）、「結社自由及新聞自由」（Freedom of Association and Press）及「宗教自由」（Freedom of Religion）等。
本書之各章節內容主要分為兩大部分，即相關基本原則摘要及重要案例選錄。原則摘要部分為便於入門瞭解，係以中文為之，協助讀者建立對美國憲法之架構性認識，案例部分則係針對章節主題進行節錄編輯，期能協助讀者在具備基本原則認識的前提下，進行實際判決之深入研讀，除理解英美法之相關法律原理原則外，並能學習增進法理論證之能力。
【編著者簡介】
姚思遠
東吳大學法學院教授
美國愛荷華大學法學博士
美國加州律師
范秀羽
臺灣大學國家發展研究所副教授
美國加州大學柏克萊分校法學博士
美國紐約州律師／中華民國律師
李劍非
理律法律事務所合夥人
美國哈佛大學法學碩士
東吳大學法學院講師
【序】
編後語
東吳大學法學院自創校以來，即高度重視英美相關法制之教學，並以「案例教學」及「全英語授課」為主軸，有效培養具國際競爭力之法律人才。多年來雖有各類案例教科書之編輯出版，但多因長期未能應時更新，難免不敷使用，而選採英美等國出版之原文教科書又因書價昂貴，造成學生重大經濟負擔，至以網路取得之案例不但未經整理編輯，亦欠缺教科書應有之輔助說明。英美法研究中心同仁因此自2017年開始共同編輯相關教科書，並經多次改版，本書即為其中之一。
本書之編纂，係供非英美法系法學院基礎教學之用，無論章節篇幅或案例選納均刻意精簡，且為使不同英文程度之同學均能有基本認識，各章節摘要說明多以中文為之。又本書共計十章，第一章至第四章係以美國聯邦憲法本文為主，針對司法、立法、行政及聯邦制度等議題，進行介紹討論；第五章至第十章則是以美國聯邦憲法修正案有關人權保障之重要議題為核心，包括正當法律程序、法律平等保護、表達自由、結社自由及宗教自由等。各章節均提供相關原則摘要說明，協助建立架構性認識，並佐以較具代表性判決之選錄，是期透過有限的篇幅，兼顧美國憲法相關法學知識及法律能力之培養。
本人謹代表編纂同仁，感謝理律文教基金會、東吳大學法學院及英美法研究中心所有同仁的協助與支持，尤其感謝實際參與本書編纂的范秀羽教授及李劍非教授的專業貢獻，各參與教授並一致同意將各年度書籍銷售權利金所得，悉數捐贈予東吳大學法學院，以為後續增刪改版之用。
期待本書內容的與時俱進，能使東吳大學法學院多年英美法教學所積蓄之能量，得以繼續為超國界法學教育貢獻棉薄。
姚思遠 謹識
【目錄】
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3
Section 1. Judicial Review 3
MARBURY v. MADISON 4
Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13
McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14
Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23
BAKER v. CARR 25
NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29
Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32
ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33
LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41
Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53
Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53
GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55
WICKARD v. FILBURN 58
UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60
UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70
GONZALES v. RAICH 79
Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91
UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92
SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99
BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113
Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119
UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120
Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137
Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137
Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147
PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149
WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176
Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186
UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186
HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189
Section 4. Executive Privilege 202
UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203
Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208
NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208
CLINTON v. JONES 212
TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218
Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235
Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235
UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236
GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238
NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254
Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268
SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269
Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279
Section 1. Bill of Rights 280
Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282
UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283
Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287
PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288
DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291
Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297
Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297
GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298
CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302
MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305
Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311
LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312
WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319
KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322
KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331
ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340
KAHLER v. KANSAS 346
Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355
ROE v. WADE 361
PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366
DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381
LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404
OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432
Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441
Section 1. Introduction 441
Section 2. Economic and Social Laws－The “Mere Rationality” Test 441
U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442
Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448
1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449
2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453
WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453
3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459
GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461
RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469
Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482
KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483
Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488
PLYLER v. DOE 489
Section 6. Other Classifications 493
1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493
CRAIG v. BOREN 494
UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498
2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509
CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510
3. Sexual Orientation 518
ROMER v. EVANS 519
Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528
REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529
M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534
Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543
Section 1. Introduction 543
Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544
BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544
Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547
COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547
Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551
1. Libel 551
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551
2. Tortious Speech 558
SNYDER v. PHELPS 558
3. Hate Speech 566
VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566
4. False Speech 573
UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574
Section 5. Obscenity 583
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588
Section 6. Commercial Speech 593
44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594
Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and
Content-Neutral Regulations 603
UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604
TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610
MATAL v. TAM 617
IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622
Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625
CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625
Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635
Section 1. Freedom of Association 635
NAACP v. ALABAMA 635
Section 2. Freedom of Press 639
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640
BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648
Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655
Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655
EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656
ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662
KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672
Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684
CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685
EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691
Appendix 701
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701
編後語 719
「美國憲法／基本原則與案例」一書之編纂，係為提供基礎英美法教學與學習之用，內容包括「聯邦司法權」（Federal Judicial Power）、「聯邦立法權」（Federal Legislative Power）、「聯邦行政權」（Federal Executive Power）、「聯邦主義及憲法增修條文第10條」（Federalism and the Tenth Amendment）、「人權法案及內戰後增修條文」（The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments）、「法律正當程序」（Due Process of Law）、「法律平等保護原則」（Equal Protection of the Laws）、「言論自由」（Freedom of Speech）、「結社自由及新聞自由」（Freedom of Association and Press）及「宗教自由」（Freedom of Religion）等。
本書之各章節內容主要分為兩大部分，即相關基本原則摘要及重要案例選錄。原則摘要部分為便於入門瞭解，係以中文為之，協助讀者建立對美國憲法之架構性認識，案例部分則係針對章節主題進行節錄編輯，期能協助讀者在具備基本原則認識的前提下，進行實際判決之深入研讀，除理解英美法之相關法律原理原則外，並能學習增進法理論證之能力。
【編著者簡介】
姚思遠
東吳大學法學院教授
美國愛荷華大學法學博士
美國加州律師
范秀羽
臺灣大學國家發展研究所副教授
美國加州大學柏克萊分校法學博士
美國紐約州律師／中華民國律師
李劍非
理律法律事務所合夥人
美國哈佛大學法學碩士
東吳大學法學院講師
【序】
編後語
東吳大學法學院自創校以來，即高度重視英美相關法制之教學，並以「案例教學」及「全英語授課」為主軸，有效培養具國際競爭力之法律人才。多年來雖有各類案例教科書之編輯出版，但多因長期未能應時更新，難免不敷使用，而選採英美等國出版之原文教科書又因書價昂貴，造成學生重大經濟負擔，至以網路取得之案例不但未經整理編輯，亦欠缺教科書應有之輔助說明。英美法研究中心同仁因此自2017年開始共同編輯相關教科書，並經多次改版，本書即為其中之一。
本書之編纂，係供非英美法系法學院基礎教學之用，無論章節篇幅或案例選納均刻意精簡，且為使不同英文程度之同學均能有基本認識，各章節摘要說明多以中文為之。又本書共計十章，第一章至第四章係以美國聯邦憲法本文為主，針對司法、立法、行政及聯邦制度等議題，進行介紹討論；第五章至第十章則是以美國聯邦憲法修正案有關人權保障之重要議題為核心，包括正當法律程序、法律平等保護、表達自由、結社自由及宗教自由等。各章節均提供相關原則摘要說明，協助建立架構性認識，並佐以較具代表性判決之選錄，是期透過有限的篇幅，兼顧美國憲法相關法學知識及法律能力之培養。
本人謹代表編纂同仁，感謝理律文教基金會、東吳大學法學院及英美法研究中心所有同仁的協助與支持，尤其感謝實際參與本書編纂的范秀羽教授及李劍非教授的專業貢獻，各參與教授並一致同意將各年度書籍銷售權利金所得，悉數捐贈予東吳大學法學院，以為後續增刪改版之用。
期待本書內容的與時俱進，能使東吳大學法學院多年英美法教學所積蓄之能量，得以繼續為超國界法學教育貢獻棉薄。
姚思遠 謹識
【目錄】
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3
Section 1. Judicial Review 3
MARBURY v. MADISON 4
Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13
McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14
Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23
BAKER v. CARR 25
NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29
Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32
ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33
LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41
Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53
Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53
GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55
WICKARD v. FILBURN 58
UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60
UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70
GONZALES v. RAICH 79
Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91
UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92
SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99
BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113
Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119
UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120
Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137
Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137
Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147
PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149
WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176
Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186
UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186
HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189
Section 4. Executive Privilege 202
UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203
Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208
NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208
CLINTON v. JONES 212
TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218
Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235
Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235
UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236
GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238
NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254
Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268
SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269
Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279
Section 1. Bill of Rights 280
Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282
UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283
Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287
PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288
DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291
Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297
Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297
GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298
CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302
MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305
Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311
LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312
WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319
KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322
KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331
ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340
KAHLER v. KANSAS 346
Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355
ROE v. WADE 361
PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366
DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381
LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404
OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432
Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441
Section 1. Introduction 441
Section 2. Economic and Social Laws－The “Mere Rationality” Test 441
U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442
Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448
1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449
2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453
WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453
3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459
GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461
RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469
Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482
KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483
Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488
PLYLER v. DOE 489
Section 6. Other Classifications 493
1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493
CRAIG v. BOREN 494
UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498
2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509
CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510
3. Sexual Orientation 518
ROMER v. EVANS 519
Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528
REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529
M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534
Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543
Section 1. Introduction 543
Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544
BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544
Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547
COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547
Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551
1. Libel 551
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551
2. Tortious Speech 558
SNYDER v. PHELPS 558
3. Hate Speech 566
VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566
4. False Speech 573
UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574
Section 5. Obscenity 583
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588
Section 6. Commercial Speech 593
44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594
Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and
Content-Neutral Regulations 603
UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604
TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610
MATAL v. TAM 617
IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622
Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625
CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625
Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635
Section 1. Freedom of Association 635
NAACP v. ALABAMA 635
Section 2. Freedom of Press 639
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640
BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648
Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655
Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655
EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656
ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662
KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672
Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684
CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685
EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691
Appendix 701
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701
編後語 719
目錄
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3
Section 1. Judicial Review 3
MARBURY v. MADISON 4
Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13
McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14
Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23
BAKER v. CARR 25
NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29
Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32
ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33
LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41
Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53
Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53
GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55
WICKARD v. FILBURN 58
UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60
UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70
GONZALES v. RAICH 79
Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91
UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92
SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99
BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113
Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119
UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120
Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137
Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137
Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147
PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149
WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176
Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186
UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186
HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189
Section 4. Executive Privilege 202
UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203
Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208
NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208
CLINTON v. JONES 212
TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218
Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235
Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235
UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236
GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238
NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254
Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268
SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269
Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279
Section 1. Bill of Rights 280
Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282
UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283
Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287
PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288
DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291
Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297
Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297
GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298
CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302
MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305
Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311
LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312
WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319
KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322
KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331
ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340
KAHLER v. KANSAS 346
Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355
ROE v. WADE 361
PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366
DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381
LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404
OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432
Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441
Section 1. Introduction 441
Section 2. Economic and Social Laws－The “Mere Rationality” Test 441
U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442
Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448
1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449
2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453
WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453
3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459
GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461
RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469
Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482
KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483
Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488
PLYLER v. DOE 489
Section 6. Other Classifications 493
1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493
CRAIG v. BOREN 494
UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498
2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509
CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510
3. Sexual Orientation 518
ROMER v. EVANS 519
Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528
REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529
M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534
Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543
Section 1. Introduction 543
Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544
BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544
Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547
COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547
Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551
1. Libel 551
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551
2. Tortious Speech 558
SNYDER v. PHELPS 558
3. Hate Speech 566
VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566
4. False Speech 573
UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574
Section 5. Obscenity 583
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588
Section 6. Commercial Speech 593
44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594
Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and
Content-Neutral Regulations 603
UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604
TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610
MATAL v. TAM 617
IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622
Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625
CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625
Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635
Section 1. Freedom of Association 635
NAACP v. ALABAMA 635
Section 2. Freedom of Press 639
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640
BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648
Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655
Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655
EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656
ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662
KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672
Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684
CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685
EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691
Appendix 701
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701
編後語 719
Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3
Section 1. Judicial Review 3
MARBURY v. MADISON 4
Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13
McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14
Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23
BAKER v. CARR 25
NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29
Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32
ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33
LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41
Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53
Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53
GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55
WICKARD v. FILBURN 58
UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60
UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70
GONZALES v. RAICH 79
Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91
UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92
SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99
BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113
Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119
UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120
Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137
Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137
Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147
PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149
WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176
Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186
UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186
HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189
Section 4. Executive Privilege 202
UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203
Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208
NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208
CLINTON v. JONES 212
TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218
Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235
Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235
UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236
GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238
NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254
Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268
SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269
Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279
Section 1. Bill of Rights 280
Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282
UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283
Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287
PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288
DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291
Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297
Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297
GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298
CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302
MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305
Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311
LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312
WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319
KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322
KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331
ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340
KAHLER v. KANSAS 346
Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355
ROE v. WADE 361
PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366
DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381
LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404
OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432
Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441
Section 1. Introduction 441
Section 2. Economic and Social Laws－The “Mere Rationality” Test 441
U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442
Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448
1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449
2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453
WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453
3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459
GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461
RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469
Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482
KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483
Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488
PLYLER v. DOE 489
Section 6. Other Classifications 493
1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493
CRAIG v. BOREN 494
UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498
2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509
CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510
3. Sexual Orientation 518
ROMER v. EVANS 519
Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528
REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529
M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534
Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543
Section 1. Introduction 543
Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544
BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544
Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547
COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547
Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551
1. Libel 551
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551
2. Tortious Speech 558
SNYDER v. PHELPS 558
3. Hate Speech 566
VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566
4. False Speech 573
UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574
Section 5. Obscenity 583
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588
Section 6. Commercial Speech 593
44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594
Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and
Content-Neutral Regulations 603
UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604
TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610
MATAL v. TAM 617
IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622
Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625
CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625
Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635
Section 1. Freedom of Association 635
NAACP v. ALABAMA 635
Section 2. Freedom of Press 639
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640
BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648
Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655
Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655
EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656
ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662
KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672
Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684
CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685
EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691
Appendix 701
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701
編後語 719
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