Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language
Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language
活動訊息
中文書、漫畫輕小說5折起、電子書35元起，全館滿$1,000送100點金幣
內容簡介
For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge. This book focuses on the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. The main contribution is an approach that puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process. This means that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowledge necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations. We start with an introduction to ontologies and demonstrate how linguistic information can be attached to them by means of the ontology lexicon model lemon. These lexica then serve as basis for the automatic generation of grammars, which we use to compositionallyconstruct meaning representations that conform with the vocabulary of an underlying ontology. As a result, the level of representational granularity is not driven by language but by the semantic distinctions made in the underlying ontology and thus by distinctions that are relevant in the context of a particular domain. We highlight some of the challenges involved in the construction of ontology-based meaning representations, and show how ontologies can be exploited for ambiguity resolution and the interpretation of temporal expressions. Finally, we present a question answering system that combines all tools and techniques introduced throughout the book in a real-world application, and sketch how the presented approach can scale to larger, multi-domain scenarios in the context of the Semantic Web. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Ontologies / Linguistic Formalisms / Ontology Lexica / Grammar Generation / Putting Everything Together / Ontological Reasoning for Ambiguity Resolution / Temporal Interpretation / Ontology-Based Interpretation for Question Answering / Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
配送方式
-
台灣
- 國內宅配：本島、離島
-
到店取貨：
不限金額免運費
訂購/退換貨須知
加入金石堂 LINE 官方帳號『完成綁定』，隨時掌握出貨動態：
商品運送說明：
- 本公司所提供的產品配送區域範圍目前僅限台灣本島。注意！收件地址請勿為郵政信箱。
- 商品將由廠商透過貨運或是郵局寄送。消費者訂購之商品若無法送達，經電話或 E-mail無法聯繫逾三天者，本公司將取消該筆訂單，並且全額退款。
- 當廠商出貨後，您會收到E-mail出貨通知，您也可透過【訂單查詢】確認出貨情況。
- 產品顏色可能會因網頁呈現與拍攝關係產生色差，圖片僅供參考，商品依實際供貨樣式為準。
- 如果是大型商品（如：傢俱、床墊、家電、運動器材等）及需安裝商品，請依商品頁面說明為主。訂單完成收款確認後，出貨廠商將會和您聯繫確認相關配送等細節。
- 偏遠地區、樓層費及其它加價費用，皆由廠商於約定配送時一併告知，廠商將保留出貨與否的權利。
提醒您！！
金石堂及銀行均不會請您操作ATM! 如接獲電話要求您前往ATM提款機，請不要聽從指示，以免受騙上當！
退換貨須知：
**提醒您，鑑賞期不等於試用期，退回商品須為全新狀態**
-
依據「消費者保護法」第19條及行政院消費者保護處公告之「通訊交易解除權合理例外情事適用準則」，以下商品購買後，除商品本身有瑕疵外，將不提供7天的猶豫期：
- 易於腐敗、保存期限較短或解約時即將逾期。（如：生鮮食品）
- 依消費者要求所為之客製化給付。（客製化商品）
- 報紙、期刊或雜誌。（含MOOK、外文雜誌）
- 經消費者拆封之影音商品或電腦軟體。
- 非以有形媒介提供之數位內容或一經提供即為完成之線上服務，經消費者事先同意始提供。（如：電子書、電子雜誌、下載版軟體、虛擬商品…等）
- 已拆封之個人衛生用品。（如：內衣褲、刮鬍刀、除毛刀…等）
- 若非上列種類商品，均享有到貨7天的猶豫期（含例假日）。
- 辦理退換貨時，商品（組合商品恕無法接受單獨退貨）必須是您收到商品時的原始狀態（包含商品本體、配件、贈品、保證書、所有附隨資料文件及原廠內外包裝…等），請勿直接使用原廠包裝寄送，或於原廠包裝上黏貼紙張或書寫文字。
- 退回商品若無法回復原狀，將請您負擔回復原狀所需費用，嚴重時將影響您的退貨權益。
商品評價