The Political Transformation of Gulf Tribal States
The Political Transformation of Gulf Tribal States
活動訊息
普發一萬放大術：滿千登記抽萬元好禮
全站滿$1000送100點金幣，可累送! 新會員直接領$500！
內容簡介
The reform movements and attempts to establish parliamentary institutions in the Persian Gulf states of Kuwait, Bahrain and Dubai between the First World War and the independent era of the 1970s were not inspired by western example or by any tradition of civil representation. The move to a parliamentary system not only represented a milestone in the history of the region, creating a legacy for future generations, but was a unique transition in the Arab world. The transformation of these states from loose chiefdoms of minimal coherence and centralization, into centralizing and institutionalized monarchies, involved the setting up of primary institutions of government, the demarcation of borders, and establishment of a monarchical order. As this new political and social order evolved, ideas of national struggle and national rights penetrated Gulf societies. Gulf citizens who had spent time in Arab states, mostly in Egypt and Iraq, took part in the genesis of a public Arab-Gulf national discourse, enabling the Gulf population to become acquainted with national struggles for independence. As a result merchants of notable families, newly educated elements, and even workers, began to oppose the dominance of the rulers. Both the rulers and the commercial elites (including members of the ruling families) tried to formulate a new and different social contract with the rulers seeking to entrench their political power by using new administrative means and financial power. Opposition against this current crystallized in 1938 among the ranks of the commercial oligarchy as well as within the ruling families. In spite of its failure to create its own political institutions, the oligarchy remained the foremost social and economic class. But the ruling families could no longer treat national oil revenues as their private income, and they began to channel part of these funds to public needs. The most important consequence of the '1938' movement was the formation of a new social contract between the two traditional power centers: the governing structures were fitted into the political and economic reality brought about by the oil wealth, but remained essentially tribal and committed to the power division between the major Gulf families.
配送方式
-
台灣
- 國內宅配：本島、離島
-
到店取貨：
-
海外
- 國際快遞：全球
訂購/退換貨須知
加入金石堂 LINE 官方帳號『完成綁定』，隨時掌握出貨動態：
商品運送說明：
- 本公司所提供的產品配送區域範圍目前僅限台灣本島。注意！收件地址請勿為郵政信箱。
- 商品將由廠商透過貨運或是郵局寄送。消費者訂購之商品若無法送達，經電話或 E-mail無法聯繫逾三天者，本公司將取消該筆訂單，並且全額退款。
- 當廠商出貨後，您會收到E-mail出貨通知，您也可透過【訂單查詢】確認出貨情況。
- 產品顏色可能會因網頁呈現與拍攝關係產生色差，圖片僅供參考，商品依實際供貨樣式為準。
- 如果是大型商品（如：傢俱、床墊、家電、運動器材等）及需安裝商品，請依商品頁面說明為主。訂單完成收款確認後，出貨廠商將會和您聯繫確認相關配送等細節。
- 偏遠地區、樓層費及其它加價費用，皆由廠商於約定配送時一併告知，廠商將保留出貨與否的權利。
提醒您！！
金石堂及銀行均不會請您操作ATM! 如接獲電話要求您前往ATM提款機，請不要聽從指示，以免受騙上當！
退換貨須知：
**提醒您，鑑賞期不等於試用期，退回商品須為全新狀態**
-
依據「消費者保護法」第19條及行政院消費者保護處公告之「通訊交易解除權合理例外情事適用準則」，以下商品購買後，除商品本身有瑕疵外，將不提供7天的猶豫期：
- 易於腐敗、保存期限較短或解約時即將逾期。（如：生鮮食品）
- 依消費者要求所為之客製化給付。（客製化商品）
- 報紙、期刊或雜誌。（含MOOK、外文雜誌）
- 經消費者拆封之影音商品或電腦軟體。
- 非以有形媒介提供之數位內容或一經提供即為完成之線上服務，經消費者事先同意始提供。（如：電子書、電子雜誌、下載版軟體、虛擬商品…等）
- 已拆封之個人衛生用品。（如：內衣褲、刮鬍刀、除毛刀…等）
- 若非上列種類商品，均享有到貨7天的猶豫期（含例假日）。
- 辦理退換貨時，商品（組合商品恕無法接受單獨退貨）必須是您收到商品時的原始狀態（包含商品本體、配件、贈品、保證書、所有附隨資料文件及原廠內外包裝…等），請勿直接使用原廠包裝寄送，或於原廠包裝上黏貼紙張或書寫文字。
- 退回商品若無法回復原狀，將請您負擔回復原狀所需費用，嚴重時將影響您的退貨權益。
商品評價