【本書特色】 「美國憲法/基本原則與案例」一書之編纂,係為提供基礎英美法教學與學習之用,內容包括「聯邦司法權」(Federal Judicial Power)、「聯邦立法權」(Federal Legislative Power)、「聯邦行政權」(Federal Executive Power)、「聯邦主義及憲法增修條文第10條」(Federalism and the Tenth Amendment)、「人權法案及內戰後增修條文」(The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments)、「法律正當程序」(Due Process of Law)、「法律平等保護原則」(Equal Protection of the Laws)、「言論自由」(Freedom of Speech)、「結社自由及新聞自由」(Freedom of Association and Press)及「宗教自由」(Freedom of Religion)等。 本書之各章節內容主要分為兩大部分,即相關基本原則摘要及重要案例選錄。原則摘要部分為便於入門瞭解,係以中文為之,協助讀者建立對美國憲法之架構性認識,案例部分則係針對章節主題進行節錄編輯,期能協助讀者在具備基本原則認識的前提下,進行實際判決之深入研讀,除理解英美法之相關法律原理原則外,並能學習增進法理論證之能力。 【編著者簡介】姚思遠東吳大學法學院教授美國愛荷華大學法學博士美國加州律師 范秀羽臺灣大學國家發展研究所副教授美國加州大學柏克萊分校法學博士美國紐約州律師/中華民國律師 李劍非理律法律事務所合夥人美國哈佛大學法學碩士東吳大學法學院講師 【序】編後語 東吳大學法學院自創校以來,即高度重視英美相關法制之教學,並以「案例教學」及「全英語授課」為主軸,有效培養具國際競爭力之法律人才。多年來雖有各類案例教科書之編輯出版,但多因長期未能應時更新,難免不敷使用,而選採英美等國出版之原文教科書又因書價昂貴,造成學生重大經濟負擔,至以網路取得之案例不但未經整理編輯,亦欠缺教科書應有之輔助說明。英美法研究中心同仁因此自2017年開始共同編輯相關教科書,並經多次改版,本書即為其中之一。 本書之編纂,係供非英美法系法學院基礎教學之用,無論章節篇幅或案例選納均刻意精簡,且為使不同英文程度之同學均能有基本認識,各章節摘要說明多以中文為之。又本書共計十章,第一章至第四章係以美國聯邦憲法本文為主,針對司法、立法、行政及聯邦制度等議題,進行介紹討論;第五章至第十章則是以美國聯邦憲法修正案有關人權保障之重要議題為核心,包括正當法律程序、法律平等保護、表達自由、結社自由及宗教自由等。各章節均提供相關原則摘要說明,協助建立架構性認識,並佐以較具代表性判決之選錄,是期透過有限的篇幅,兼顧美國憲法相關法學知識及法律能力之培養。 本人謹代表編纂同仁,感謝理律文教基金會、東吳大學法學院及英美法研究中心所有同仁的協助與支持,尤其感謝實際參與本書編纂的范秀羽教授及李劍非教授的專業貢獻,各參與教授並一致同意將各年度書籍銷售權利金所得,悉數捐贈予東吳大學法學院,以為後續增刪改版之用。 期待本書內容的與時俱進,能使東吳大學法學院多年英美法教學所積蓄之能量,得以繼續為超國界法學教育貢獻棉薄。 姚思遠 謹識 【目錄】Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3 Section 1. Judicial Review 3 MARBURY v. MADISON 4 Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13 McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14 Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23 BAKER v. CARR 25 NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29 Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32 ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33 LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41 Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53 Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53 GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55 WICKARD v. FILBURN 58 UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60 UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70 GONZALES v. RAICH 79 Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91 UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92 SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95 NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99 BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113 Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119 UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120 Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137 Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137 YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137 Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147 PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149 WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157 LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164 IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176 Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186 UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186 HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189 Section 4. Executive Privilege 202 UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203 Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208 NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208 CLINTON v. JONES 212 TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218 Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235 Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235 UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236 GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238 NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254 Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268 SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269 Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279 Section 1. Bill of Rights 280 Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282 UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283 Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287 PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288 DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291 Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297 Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297 GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298 CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302 MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305 Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311 LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312 WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319 KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322 KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331 ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340 KAHLER v. KANSAS 346 Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352 GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355 ROE v. WADE 361 PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366 DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381 LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404 OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413 WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432 Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441 Section 1. Introduction 441 Section 2. Economic and Social Laws-The “Mere Rationality” Test 441U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442 Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448 1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448 BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449 2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453 WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453 3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459 GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461 RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469 Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482 KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483 Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488 PLYLER v. DOE 489 Section 6. Other Classifications 493 1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493 CRAIG v. BOREN 494 UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498 2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509 CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510 3. Sexual Orientation 518 ROMER v. EVANS 519 Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528 REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529 M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534 Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543 Section 1. Introduction 543 Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544 BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544 Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547 COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547 Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551 1. Libel 551 NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551 2. Tortious Speech 558 SNYDER v. PHELPS 558 3. Hate Speech 566 VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566 4. False Speech 573 UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574 Section 5. Obscenity 583 MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584 GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588 Section 6. Commercial Speech 593 44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594 Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and Content-Neutral Regulations 603 UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604 TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610 MATAL v. TAM 617 IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622 Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625 CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625 Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635 Section 1. Freedom of Association 635 NAACP v. ALABAMA 635 Section 2. Freedom of Press 639 NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640 BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648 Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655 Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655 EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656 ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662 KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672 Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684 CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685 EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691 Appendix 701 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701 編後語 719