劉向的治國智慧
活動訊息
2026年7月選書
飛吧，鴻！：母親、我與中國（暢銷全球逾1500萬冊《鴻》最新系列作）
內容簡介
劉向，西漢經學大師、文學家，出身漢朝宗室，任官經歷宣帝、元帝、成帝。曾奉命典校中秘書，其所校讎之《別錄》被譽為中國目錄學之祖。劉向所著《新序》、《說苑》、《列女傳》具有諫書性質，主要藉由列述古人的事蹟和功過得失，鋪寫其治國理念，輕鬆且饒富趣味。劉向的思想以儒家為主，兼採其它諸子學說，所論不僅獲得當時皇帝嘖嘖稱善，同時，對後人也極具參考的價值，歷久彌新。
本書集結個人多年研究劉向思想的成果，都已先後刊登於學術期刊，所探究的主題和內容，在在顯示劉向關於治國方面的高度智慧。「天下興亡，匹夫有責。」舉凡愛國之士、治國之官，在出發前，不妨先以劉向的思想暖暖身，想必不無小補。
本書集結個人多年研究劉向思想的成果，都已先後刊登於學術期刊，所探究的主題和內容，在在顯示劉向關於治國方面的高度智慧。「天下興亡，匹夫有責。」舉凡愛國之士、治國之官，在出發前，不妨先以劉向的思想暖暖身，想必不無小補。
目錄
目 次
▍自序‧Ⅰ
▍第一篇：劉向《新序》、《說苑》所述王者的治民之道‧01
前言 ······································································· 02
壹、崇尚道德 ···················································· 03
貳、任賢使能 ···················································· 07
參、恩威互濟 ···················································· 10
肆、明辨良窳 ···················································· 13
伍、寬宏納諫 ···················································· 19
陸、講究倫理 ···················································· 23
柒、禮樂教化 ···················································· 28
捌、注重民意 ···················································· 32
玖、愛民富民 ···················································· 33
拾、人治神隨 ···················································· 36
拾壹、克己謙遜 ··············································· 38
拾貳、勤政守法 ················································ 41
拾參、戒慎防微 ················································ 42
拾肆、圖治好學 ················································ 43
拾伍、善於宣傳 ················································ 46
拾陸、慎用武略 ················································ 48
拾柒、秉持公心 ················································ 53
拾捌、以垂拱而治為目標 ····························· 55
結論 ······································································· 56
▍第二篇：劉向的「守經」與「權變」思想‧59
前言 ······································································ 60
一、守經思想成立的理由 ··························· 62
二、守經的施行原則 ····································· 66
三、對權變的看法 ·········································· 68
四、經、權兼顧思想下的施行策略 ·········· 75
結論 ······································································ 90
▍第三篇：劉向關於「君臣之際」相互對待的思想‧93
前言 ······································································ 94
一、君臣共同的基礎規約 ·························· 97
二、職階名分的講究與例外 ··················· 100
三、治國施政的規範和權宜 ···················· 117
結論 ····································································· 134
▍第四篇：劉向所論顧及情理法的出任官職的思想‧137
前言 ····································································· 138
一、講究公心效益 ········································ 138
二、務實的忠君觀 ········································ 140
三、取捨正邪賢愚 ········································· 143
四、追求建功立業 ········································· 146
五、主張德主刑輔 ········································· 149
六、能包容順民心 ·········································· 152
七、態度謹慎積極 ·········································· 155
八、了解職場生態 ·········································· 159
九、強化行家辦事 ·········································· 164
十、貴諫諍任去留 ·········································· 169
十一、不僵化的法律思想 ···························· 172
十二、引用儒家經典 ······································ 173
結論 ····································································· 175
▍第五篇：劉向《列女傳》中，「三從」的落實情形研究‧179
前言 ····································································· 180
一、「三從」之實踐 ······································ 180
二、男女平等互敬 ········································· 186
三、擺落「三從」禮教，突顯女性的主見 ··········187
四、綜合論述 ···················································· 196
結論 ····································································· 200
▍參考書目‧201
▍自序‧Ⅰ
▍第一篇：劉向《新序》、《說苑》所述王者的治民之道‧01
前言 ······································································· 02
壹、崇尚道德 ···················································· 03
貳、任賢使能 ···················································· 07
參、恩威互濟 ···················································· 10
肆、明辨良窳 ···················································· 13
伍、寬宏納諫 ···················································· 19
陸、講究倫理 ···················································· 23
柒、禮樂教化 ···················································· 28
捌、注重民意 ···················································· 32
玖、愛民富民 ···················································· 33
拾、人治神隨 ···················································· 36
拾壹、克己謙遜 ··············································· 38
拾貳、勤政守法 ················································ 41
拾參、戒慎防微 ················································ 42
拾肆、圖治好學 ················································ 43
拾伍、善於宣傳 ················································ 46
拾陸、慎用武略 ················································ 48
拾柒、秉持公心 ················································ 53
拾捌、以垂拱而治為目標 ····························· 55
結論 ······································································· 56
▍第二篇：劉向的「守經」與「權變」思想‧59
前言 ······································································ 60
一、守經思想成立的理由 ··························· 62
二、守經的施行原則 ····································· 66
三、對權變的看法 ·········································· 68
四、經、權兼顧思想下的施行策略 ·········· 75
結論 ······································································ 90
▍第三篇：劉向關於「君臣之際」相互對待的思想‧93
前言 ······································································ 94
一、君臣共同的基礎規約 ·························· 97
二、職階名分的講究與例外 ··················· 100
三、治國施政的規範和權宜 ···················· 117
結論 ····································································· 134
▍第四篇：劉向所論顧及情理法的出任官職的思想‧137
前言 ····································································· 138
一、講究公心效益 ········································ 138
二、務實的忠君觀 ········································ 140
三、取捨正邪賢愚 ········································· 143
四、追求建功立業 ········································· 146
五、主張德主刑輔 ········································· 149
六、能包容順民心 ·········································· 152
七、態度謹慎積極 ·········································· 155
八、了解職場生態 ·········································· 159
九、強化行家辦事 ·········································· 164
十、貴諫諍任去留 ·········································· 169
十一、不僵化的法律思想 ···························· 172
十二、引用儒家經典 ······································ 173
結論 ····································································· 175
▍第五篇：劉向《列女傳》中，「三從」的落實情形研究‧179
前言 ····································································· 180
一、「三從」之實踐 ······································ 180
二、男女平等互敬 ········································· 186
三、擺落「三從」禮教，突顯女性的主見 ··········187
四、綜合論述 ···················································· 196
結論 ····································································· 200
▍參考書目‧201
序／導讀
自 序
周公、孔子一脈相傳的學術和精神，是所謂的中華儒學，經學是儒學的教材，遠在先秦時期，就已經活躍在國家機制及日常生活當中。春秋和戰國時期，分別以孔子和孟子推廣儒學最具成效，群經道德之學於是普遍受到社會各階層人士的認知與重視。到了西漢武帝，採納董仲舒的建議，宣布罷黜百家，獨尊儒術。這套儒學思想，在漢、唐、宋、清四個著名的朝代都受到充分的闡釋和應用，因此極具民族特色。
劉向的重要著作：《說苑》、《新序》、《列女傳》，其屬性原本就是寫給皇帝閱讀的「教科書」，雖然偶爾參雜其它諸子百家思想，但尊崇並發揚儒家經學，可謂盡心盡力了。劉向在這幾本著作之中，主要是以說故事的方式，寄寓和闡發了關於人格修為、君臣的個別素養、政治原理、治國要領等重大議題。劉向在董仲舒之後，博學群籍，其《別錄》被譽為中國目錄學之祖。劉向在思想方面進一步修正董氏的儒學理論，使儒學的論述和主張更臻合理與適用。鑑古知今，今人若能仔細檢視劉向如何肯定經學的價值，提出哪些政治倫理，「守經達變」的思想和方略，必將有助於國家社會的穩定和發展，也能使中華文化的精神更加煥發光彩，照耀人間。
本書收錄劉向所提出與政治、社會相關的議題，以及處世要領，在藉由鋪陳古代故事以說理的方式下，劉向已然充分顯露其治國智慧，值得現代人借鏡和取法。
本書所收論文，曾先後發表於學術研討會，然後刊載於學術期刊，都談劉向和治國的相關話題，因此難免時有一些重要引述資料重複出現，在此書中本來可做翻頁參照的體例，但為了保存原發表文的完整性，所以幾經考慮之後，每篇都維持原貌，不另行調整字句，特此說明。
林葉連謹誌於桃園市
2026 年4 月
周公、孔子一脈相傳的學術和精神，是所謂的中華儒學，經學是儒學的教材，遠在先秦時期，就已經活躍在國家機制及日常生活當中。春秋和戰國時期，分別以孔子和孟子推廣儒學最具成效，群經道德之學於是普遍受到社會各階層人士的認知與重視。到了西漢武帝，採納董仲舒的建議，宣布罷黜百家，獨尊儒術。這套儒學思想，在漢、唐、宋、清四個著名的朝代都受到充分的闡釋和應用，因此極具民族特色。
劉向的重要著作：《說苑》、《新序》、《列女傳》，其屬性原本就是寫給皇帝閱讀的「教科書」，雖然偶爾參雜其它諸子百家思想，但尊崇並發揚儒家經學，可謂盡心盡力了。劉向在這幾本著作之中，主要是以說故事的方式，寄寓和闡發了關於人格修為、君臣的個別素養、政治原理、治國要領等重大議題。劉向在董仲舒之後，博學群籍，其《別錄》被譽為中國目錄學之祖。劉向在思想方面進一步修正董氏的儒學理論，使儒學的論述和主張更臻合理與適用。鑑古知今，今人若能仔細檢視劉向如何肯定經學的價值，提出哪些政治倫理，「守經達變」的思想和方略，必將有助於國家社會的穩定和發展，也能使中華文化的精神更加煥發光彩，照耀人間。
本書收錄劉向所提出與政治、社會相關的議題，以及處世要領，在藉由鋪陳古代故事以說理的方式下，劉向已然充分顯露其治國智慧，值得現代人借鏡和取法。
本書所收論文，曾先後發表於學術研討會，然後刊載於學術期刊，都談劉向和治國的相關話題，因此難免時有一些重要引述資料重複出現，在此書中本來可做翻頁參照的體例，但為了保存原發表文的完整性，所以幾經考慮之後，每篇都維持原貌，不另行調整字句，特此說明。
林葉連謹誌於桃園市
2026 年4 月
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