題型三 修辭目的題型 & 推論題型
題型介紹
推論題要你根據文章所提供的事實推斷出結論。文中不會直接告訴你結論，必須以邏輯思考的方式將事實拼湊在一起，從而得出結論。
題目範例
What can be inferred about ...?
關於……，下列推論何者正確？
It can be inferred from paragraph that
從第 ___ 段的內容中可推論出
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph ?
根據第 ___ 段內容，可推論出下列哪一個事實？
What does the author suggest about ... in paragraph ?
根據第 ___ 段內容，作者對於……有何看法？
答題策略
◎ 想掌握推理的題型必須尋找是否有類似inferred, most likely, probably等單字及其他意義相似的單字。
◎ 題目若是針對特定段落，就在該段落裡尋找有助於解題的單字。
◎ 如果沒有可成為線索的單字，可依照事實尋找答案。
◎ 依照文章裡出現的資訊導出結論。在推理題型裡不會直接提到答案。
推論題型範例
The term “rock cycle” is used to describe the formation, transformation, and reformation of rocks as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes that occur over millions of years of geologic time. Irrespective of their place in the cycle, rocks are continually being pushed out of equilibrium by changes in their environment and are thus undergoing unending changes in order to adapt. The concept of the rock cycle, first developed by the 18th-century geologist James Hutton, envisions a cyclical process of changes.
→Sedimentary rocks are composed of clasts, particles of rock ranging from tiny grains of clay to large boulders. These clasts become detached from their original rock through the process of weathering and erosion, and are transported via wind and water to accumulate in a basin. When the loose, deposited sediments are compressed and solidified into a solid mineral, lithification, including cementation and compaction, is said to have occurred.
Which of the following can be inferred about sedimentary rocks from paragraph 2?
(A) They are formed during the first process of the rock cycle.
(B) Their cycle occurs both on the surface and in subterranean areas.
(C) The clasts that comprise them are categorized by their size.
(D) They are stored near the large rivers, not near mountains.
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [→].
「岩石循環」是用來描述岩石經過幾百萬年的地質時代，因沉積、火成和變質作用所導致的形成、轉化和改造。無論在循環的哪一階段，岩石不斷因環境變化導致失衡，因此必須歷經不斷的轉變以適應環境。岩石循環的概念最早是由十八世紀的地質學家詹姆斯．赫頓提出，代表岩石轉化的一個循環過程。
→沉積岩是由岩石碎屑所構成，這種岩石顆粒涵蓋了小顆的黏土到大顆的礫石。風化和侵蝕的過程使得這些碎屑從原屬的岩石上面剝落，經由風或水的搬運，最終在河流的流域裡堆積。當這些鬆散的沉澱物受到擠壓變成密實的礦物，我們就說發生了岩化作用，其中包含了膠結和壓密作用。
根據第二段內容，下列關於沉積岩的推論何者正確？
(A) 它們形成於岩石循環的第一階段。
(B) 它們的循環同時發生在地表和地底。
(C) 構成它們的岩石碎屑是依照顆粒大小來分類。
(D) 它們堆積在大河的周圍，而非靠近山區的位置。
第二段以箭頭（→）標示。
解說｜在第2段導言的部份提到沉積岩是從小泥塊形成巨大岩石的岩石塊「碎屑岩」所形成，由此可知，碎屑岩依照各種尺寸分類，因此答案是 (C)。
題型介紹
推論題要你根據文章所提供的事實推斷出結論。文中不會直接告訴你結論，必須以邏輯思考的方式將事實拼湊在一起，從而得出結論。
題目範例
What can be inferred about ...?
關於……，下列推論何者正確？
It can be inferred from paragraph that
從第 ___ 段的內容中可推論出
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph ?
根據第 ___ 段內容，可推論出下列哪一個事實？
What does the author suggest about ... in paragraph ?
根據第 ___ 段內容，作者對於……有何看法？
答題策略
◎ 想掌握推理的題型必須尋找是否有類似inferred, most likely, probably等單字及其他意義相似的單字。
◎ 題目若是針對特定段落，就在該段落裡尋找有助於解題的單字。
◎ 如果沒有可成為線索的單字，可依照事實尋找答案。
◎ 依照文章裡出現的資訊導出結論。在推理題型裡不會直接提到答案。
推論題型範例
The term “rock cycle” is used to describe the formation, transformation, and reformation of rocks as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes that occur over millions of years of geologic time. Irrespective of their place in the cycle, rocks are continually being pushed out of equilibrium by changes in their environment and are thus undergoing unending changes in order to adapt. The concept of the rock cycle, first developed by the 18th-century geologist James Hutton, envisions a cyclical process of changes.
→Sedimentary rocks are composed of clasts, particles of rock ranging from tiny grains of clay to large boulders. These clasts become detached from their original rock through the process of weathering and erosion, and are transported via wind and water to accumulate in a basin. When the loose, deposited sediments are compressed and solidified into a solid mineral, lithification, including cementation and compaction, is said to have occurred.
Which of the following can be inferred about sedimentary rocks from paragraph 2?
(A) They are formed during the first process of the rock cycle.
(B) Their cycle occurs both on the surface and in subterranean areas.
(C) The clasts that comprise them are categorized by their size.
(D) They are stored near the large rivers, not near mountains.
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [→].
「岩石循環」是用來描述岩石經過幾百萬年的地質時代，因沉積、火成和變質作用所導致的形成、轉化和改造。無論在循環的哪一階段，岩石不斷因環境變化導致失衡，因此必須歷經不斷的轉變以適應環境。岩石循環的概念最早是由十八世紀的地質學家詹姆斯．赫頓提出，代表岩石轉化的一個循環過程。
→沉積岩是由岩石碎屑所構成，這種岩石顆粒涵蓋了小顆的黏土到大顆的礫石。風化和侵蝕的過程使得這些碎屑從原屬的岩石上面剝落，經由風或水的搬運，最終在河流的流域裡堆積。當這些鬆散的沉澱物受到擠壓變成密實的礦物，我們就說發生了岩化作用，其中包含了膠結和壓密作用。
根據第二段內容，下列關於沉積岩的推論何者正確？
(A) 它們形成於岩石循環的第一階段。
(B) 它們的循環同時發生在地表和地底。
(C) 構成它們的岩石碎屑是依照顆粒大小來分類。
(D) 它們堆積在大河的周圍，而非靠近山區的位置。
第二段以箭頭（→）標示。
解說｜在第2段導言的部份提到沉積岩是從小泥塊形成巨大岩石的岩石塊「碎屑岩」所形成，由此可知，碎屑岩依照各種尺寸分類，因此答案是 (C)。
