Suspicion Modeling in Support of Cyber-Influence Operations/Tactics
Understanding the cognitive process of IT user suspicion may assist organizations in development of network protection plans, personnel training, and tools necessary to identify and mitigate nefarious intrusions IT systems. Exploration of a conceptual common ground between psycho-social and technology-related concepts of suspicion are the heart of this investigation. The complexities involvedd in merging these perspectivess led to the overall questrion: What is the nature of the suspicion towrds IT? The research problem/ phenomenon wasaddress via extensive liteaturereview, and use of the Interactvie Qualitative Analysis methodogly. A problem/phenomenon. Analysis of the system led tot he development of a model of IT suspicion as a progenitor for future experimental constructs that measure or assess behavior as a result of cyber attacks.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Emerging Roles of Combat Communication Squadrons in Cyber Warfare As Related to Computer Network Attack, Defense And Exploitation
The warfighter has become increasingly dependent of the cyber domain and the computer network that all the deployed forces use to plan and execute the Commander's intent and accomplish the objectives for mission success. The full spectrum of cyber dominance must include the need for computer network attack, defense and exploitation (CNA/D/E) at the tactical level. The combat communications squadrons (CCS) are the Air Force's deployable communication force structure for the joint and coalition war ghter during combat and Humanitarian Relief Operations. With the growing intensity to defend the warfighter's mission that is dependent on the network, instead of defending the entire Air Force GIG, the CCS's core competencies must continue to move from network assurance to mission assurance in a tactical communication environment. In order to provide this complete capability for the war ghter, the combat communication squadrons should reshape their mission to include the cyber operations focus of CNA/D/E. The CCS mission should strive to balance bare-base operations with the CNA/D/E capabilities and evolve combat communication squadrons into a total cyber force tactical unit. Therefore, it only makes sense that mission assurance at the lowest possible denominator must be achieved and maintained. This research intends to show how an Air Force CCS can provide those complete cyber capabilities needed for a deployed force commander to obtain full mission assurance in the cyber domain through a new CCS team structure and time-phased implementation plan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Internet Protocol Over Link-16
The purpose of Link-16 is to exchange real-time tactical data among units of the United States and allied forces. Primary Link-16 functions include exchange of friendly unit position and status data, the dissemination of tactical surveillance track data, and the control/management of air, surface, and subsurface engagements. Because Link-16 will play an integral part in the network-centric Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI), the performance of Internet Protocol version six (IPv6) and IP Security (IPSec) over Link-16 needs to be determined. IP packets also afford additional security measures within the JBI. Using OPNET modeling software to simulate a Link-16 network, the investigation of this research revealed that the overhead from IPv6 and IPSec does not significantly affect end-to-end delay and effective throughput of the Link-16 network. As long as the encryption and authentication protocols are preprocessed, these protocols add minimal amounts of latency overhead to the Link-16 network. However, as the offered load is extended beyond the 90 % level, the overhead from the IPSec extensions begins to have more of a negative effect on the End-to-End delay and throughput.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Routing Worm Infection Rates on an IPV4 Network
Malicious logic, specifically worms cost network users an enormous amount of time and money. Worms, like Slammer and Code Red, infect thousands of systems and denied whole networks access to the Internet. This research examines the ability of the original Slammer worm, a Slammer based routing worm, and a new Single Slash Eight (SSE) routing worm to infect vulnerable systems within a given address space. The ability of Slammer to generate a uniform random IP addresses in a given address space is established. Finally, a comparison of the speed increase from a worm on a computing system in 2003 to those available today is performed. Both the Slammer based routing worm and the SSE routing worm spread faster than the original Slammer. The random number generator of the original Slammer worm generates a statistically uniform distribution of addresses within the range under test. Furthermore, despite the previous research into the speed of worm propagation, there is still a need to test worms on the current systems. The speed of the computing systems that the worms operated on in the past were more than three times slower than today's systems. As the speed of computer systems continue to grow, the speed of worm propagation should increase with it as their scan rates directly relate to their infection rate. As such, any inherent immunity of an IPv6 network from scanning worms should be reexamined.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Megabyte Will Always get Through
The purpose of this monograph is to describe the future road ahead for the US Cyber community in light of the recent technical and strategic developments in the state of cyber warfare. The paper began with a realization that cyber attacks have now become weaponized, and have the ability to command computer-guided machines to destroy themselves. In effect, kinetic strikes are now possible through the means of cyber attacks. Cyber attacks have therefore become kinetic in nature. Moreover, a history of such attacks has indicated the offense is significantly more powerful than the defense, and that there have been numerous examples where attacks easily and decisively defeated defensive schemes. However, the American cyber community is not unified, has no common doctrine, budget, educational or recruiting infrastructure. The method used was to break the community down into its component parts, discuss what characteristics made cyber warfare unique, then seek like organizations. Once those organizations were identified, and analysis of what made those organizations successful was made. Conclusions were drawn and those conclusions became recommended future activities for the cyber community. An analysis of the US cyber community determined that it was a technical organization, dependent on a small number of highly skilled personnel. It had a future that could see it as a decisive role player in future conflicts, but had an insignificant past. It had to struggle for funding dollars, and theorists and doctrine writers had difficulty identifying a road ahead. This community had great resemblance to the current cyber community in China, and the US Army Air Corps in the WWI - WWII interwar period. An analysis of those organizations determined several historical facts. Domains where technology was growing at a rapid rate brought several challenges as to how to maximize the organized systematic growth of the organization. Budgets were always a contentious issue, especially whenThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Machine Learning Techniques for Characterizing IEEE 802.11b Encrypted Data Streams
As wireless networks become an increasingly common part of the infrastructure in industrialized nations, the vulnerabilities of this technology need to be evaluated. Even though there have been major advancements in encryption technology, security protocols and packet header obfuscation techniques, other distinguishing characteristics do exist in wireless network traffic. These characteristics include packet size, signal strength, channel utilization and others. Using these characteristics, windows of size 11, 31, and 51 packets are collected and machine learning (ML) techniques are trained to classify applications accessing the 802.11b wireless channel. The four applications used for this study included E-Mail, FTP, HTTP, and Print.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Strategic Deterrence in Cyberspace
This research outlines practical steps that the United States can take to improve strategic deterrence in cyberspace. The unique character of cyberspace requires tailoring of traditional deterrence strategies to fit the domain. This research uses the Deterrence Operations Joint Operating Concept (DO JOC) and the New Triad as models for organizing deterrence operations. The DO JOC focuses on tailoring deterrence operations based on the actor; but deterrence operations must be also be tailored to the uniqueness of cyberspace. The effective tailoring of deterrence operations for cyberspace will require both the application of new ways and means and the tailoring of traditional deterrence concepts to fit this new domain. Practical application of cyber strategic deterrence involves: issuance of US declaratory cyber deterrence policy; removing sanctuaries for cyber adversaries; changing US and adversary mindsets and expectations for what is permitted in cyberspace; changes to military planning in order to conduct operations in consideration of adversary cyber capability; and appreciation of the key policy tradeoffs with respect to cyber deterrence implementation. Cyberspace deterrence should include all three ways of implementing a deterrence strategy: imposing costs, denying benefits, and inducing adversary restraint. Influencing the "Consequences of Restraint" fulcrum through attribution, identity management, and incentivizing trust holds great promise for cyberspace deterrence.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Taxonomy for and Analysis of Anonymous Communications Networks
Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating attacks. With cyber attacks intended to gather intelligence and disrupt communications rapidly replacing the threat of conventional and nuclear attacks, a new age of warfare is at hand. In 2003, the United States acknowledged that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Even President Obama's Cybersecurity Chief-elect feels challenged by the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks. Indeed, the rising quantity and ubiquity of new surveillance technologies in cyberspace enables instant, undetectable, and unsolicited information collection about entities. Hence, anonymity and privacy are becoming increasingly important issues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Routing protocols designed for wired networks cannot be used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to the dynamic topology, limited throughput, and energy constraints. New routing protocols have been designed for use in MANETs, but have not been thoroughly tested under realistic conditions such as node movement, number of sources, the presence of obstacles, and node speed.This research evaluates the performance of ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing with respect to throughput, goodput ratio, end-to-end (ETE) delay, node pair packet delivery rate, and node pair end-to-end delay. It shows these performance metrics vary significantly according to the choice of mobility model, number of sources, and the presence or absence of obstacles. The mobility model explains 68% of the variation in node pair packet delivery rate. The mobility model explains between 8% and 53% of variation in the other performance metrics. Obstacles explain between 5% and 24% of variation, and have the greatest effect on ETE delay. Finally, the number of sources explains between 8% and 72% of variation in node pair ETE delay, throughput, goodput ratio, and node pair packet delivery rate. The number of sources does not have a significant affect on ETE delay.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Visually Managing IPsec
The United States Air Force relies heavily on computer networks to transmit vast amounts of information throughout its organizations and with agencies throughout the Department of Defense. The data take many forms, utilize different protocols, and originate from various platforms and applications. It is not practical to apply security measures specific to individual applications, platforms, and protocols. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocols designed to secure data traveling over IP networks, including the Internet. By applying security at the network layer of communications, data packets can be secured regardless of what application generated the data or which protocol is used to transport it. However, the complexity of managing IPsec on a production network, particularly using the basic command-line tools available today, is the limiting factor to widespread deployment. This thesis explores several visualizations of IPsec data, evaluates the viability of using visualization to represent and manage IPsec, and proposes an interface for a visual IPsec management application to simplify IPsec management and make this powerful security option more accessible to the information warfighter.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Analysis of Botnet Vulnerabilities
Botnets are a significant threat to computer networks and data stored on networked computers. The ability to inhibit communication between servers controlling the botnet and individual hosts would be an effective countermeasure. The objective of this research was to find vulnerabilities in Unreal IRCd that could be used to shut down the server. Analysis revealed that Unreal IRCd is a very mature and stable IRC server and no significant vulnerabilities were found. While this research does not eliminate the possibility that a critical vulnerability is present in the Unreal IRCd software, none were identified during this effort.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Netwars Based Study of a Joint STARS Link-16 Network
Both secure and anti-jam resistant, the Link-16 is the primary communications channel used by the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (Joint STARS) for the exchange of real-time tactical data among various ground, air, and sea platforms of the United States of America and North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces. This research explored the effect of increasing network traffic for imagery transfer to the mean delay when operating under different network topologies. Using Network Warfare Simulation (NETWARS), three different missions were simulated to run on five network topologies having a different number of participants, different assigned time slots, and stacked nets. As a result, this study determined that the Link-16 network is able to handle the increase in network traffic, from 30 kilobits per second to 50 kilobits per second, when using multiple stacked net configurations while assigning an adequate number of time slots. However, because each participant is limited to 128 time slots per second, the increased network traffic limits the communication ability of other participants.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
From Web1 to Web3
From Web1 to Web3 is your definitive roadmap through the current digital revolution. Authored by Ollie Bell, Nabil Hadi, and Daniel Strode, this book offers a clear, thoughtful exploration of the internet's evolution - from its humble, static beginnings to the dynamic, decentralized future that is emerging today.
From Web1 to Web3
From Web1 to Web3 is your definitive roadmap through the current digital revolution. Authored by Ollie Bell, Nabil Hadi, and Daniel Strode, this book offers a clear, thoughtful exploration of the internet's evolution - from its humble, static beginnings to the dynamic, decentralized future that is emerging today.
Computer and Information Security
This book constitutes the proceedings of the first World Conference of Computer and Information Security, WCCIS 2024, which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, during September 20-22, 2024. The 14 full papers and 5 short papers were presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions. They focus on Computer Modeling and Intelligent Information Technology; Network Information Security and Anomaly Detection.
The Psychology of Cybersecurity
This book takes a fresh look at the psychology of cybersecurity and IT management, discussing the role of cognitive bias and human factors on poor decisions. The book considers the psychology and motivations of those involved with cybersecurity both as cyber attackers and cyber defenders.
Modeling and Analyzing Security Protocols with Tamarin
The Tamarin prover is an open-source analysis tool for cryptographic protocols. Given a specification of a protocol, possible adversaries, and the desired security properties, Tamarin either verifies the protocol or provides counter examples witnessing attacks. Tamarin is a robust and powerful analysis tool: it has been under development for over a decade and has reached a state of maturity where it can be applied to model and analyze a wide range of real-world cryptographic protocols. It is now one of the leading tools in this domain, with a wide and active user community spanning both academia and industry. The objective of this book is to help both researchers and practitioners to gain a general understanding of how Formal Methods tools like Tamarin can be used to analyze and improve the quality of real-world protocols. Moreover, we specifically showcase the Tamarin prover and provide guidance on its usage. In this sense, this book provides a user's manual forTamarin. But it goes far beyond that, highlighting Tamarin's underlying theory and its use in modeling and applications.
Federal It Security
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyber Security
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Inclusive Design for Accessibility
Through insights from twelve industry voices, learn how to create truly accessible and inclusive digital experiences that work for everyone, regardless of ability and backgroundKey Features: - Understand inclusive design principles that will help you achieve universal usability- Gain insights into AI and emerging technologies shaping the future of accessibility- Drive organizational change with practical strategies to build an inclusive design culture- Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBookBook Description: Despite our growing reliance on digital technology, millions of users are still excluded from fully engaging with websites, apps, and digital services because nobody thought to design for them. Inclusive Design for Accessibility challenges you to rethink how you build digital experiences, offering the tools and guidance needed to move beyond compliance and create experiences that work for everyone.With contributions from twelve accessibility leaders-Dale Cruse, Denis Boudreau, Dr. Angela Young, Maya Sellon, Julianna Rowsell, Nandita Gupta, Jennifer Chadwick, Crystal Scott, Chris McMeeking, Dr. Keith Newton, Charlie Triplett, and Kai Wong-this book lays out the fundamentals of inclusive design and its application in advanced and emerging technologies. You'll discover practical strategies and real-world examples that show you how to embed accessibility into projects, from user research and testing to creating accessible websites and mobile apps. You'll also focus on how AI can enhance accessibility and learn to tackle the challenges posed by VR and AR.For designers, developers, product managers, and business leaders, this book will reshape how you approach inclusive design, helping you move beyond ticking boxes toward building digital products that don't leave anyone behind.What You Will Learn: - Master the core principles of inclusive design to create products that serve all- Conduct diverse user research to gain insights into accessible experiences- Implement accessibility best practices in your web and mobile deployments- Create fully accessible content in text, audio, and video formats- Explore the accessibility challenges and opportunities with AI, VR, and AR- Navigate the legal and ethical implications of accessibility to protect users and your brand- Establish accessibility-focused workflows and practices in your teamsWho this book is for: This book is for digital designers, developers, UX professionals, product managers, and business leaders committed to inclusive design. It offers practical skills for creating accessible digital products, while covering legal and ethical considerations, user research, and strategies for building an accessibility-focused culture within teams.You don't need to be an expert in UX design, web development, or accessibility to get value from this book. Each chapter delivers actionable insights that stand on their own, be it UX design, product management, development, or accessibility leadership.Table of Contents- Defining Inclusive Design in the Digital Age- Understanding Diverse User Needs: Types of Disabilities and Assistive Technologies- Legal and Ethical Considerations in Accessible Design- User Research and Testing for Inclusive Products- Designing Accessible User Interfaces: Visual and Interaction Design- Creating Accessible Content: Writing, Images, and Multimedia- Developing Accessible Websites: HTML, CSS, and ARIA Best Practices- Mobile Accessibility: Designing for Touch and Voice Interfaces- Accessibility in Emerging Technologies: VR, AR, and AI(N.B. Please use the Read Sample option to see further chapters)
AWS for Solutions Architects - Third Edition
Master AWS architecture and design secure, scalable, production-ready cloud systems. This practical guide features real-world patterns, GenAI strategies, cost optimization techniques, and certification-aligned best practices.Key Features: - Stay current with hands-on coverage of MLOps, AIOps, and the latest AWS service updates- Implement migration strategies with real-world examples and enterprise case studies- Advance your AWS career with certification-aligned insights and exam-ready strategiesBook Description: AWS for Solutions Architects, Third Edition is your essential guide to thriving in the fast-evolving AWS ecosystem. As a solutions architect, staying on top of the latest technologies and managing complex cloud migrations can be challenging, and this book addresses those pain points head-on. Seasoned AWS experts Saurabh Shrivastava, Neelanjali Srivastav, and Dhiraj Thakur bring deep industry insight and hands-on experience to every chapter.This third edition introduces cutting-edge topics, including Generative AI and MLOps, to keep pace with the evolving cloud landscape and guide you in building AI-driven applications. The book also reflects updates from the AWS Well-Architected Framework and aligns with the latest AWS certifications, making it a future-ready guide for cloud professionals. The chapters help you stay ahead of the competition with in-depth coverage of the latest AWS certifications, including AI Practitioner Foundation and Data Engineer Associate, helping you position yourself as a leader in cloud innovation.By the end of this book, you'll transform into a solutions architecture expert, equipped with the strategies, tools, and certifications needed to handle any cloud challenge.What You Will Learn: - Gain expertise in GenAI, MLOps, AIOps, and mobile edge computing- Optimize performance and handle errors in cloud-native applications- Prepare for new AWS certifications, including those focused on AI and data engineering- Apply best practices for security, compliance, and AWS Learning Badges- Explore the updated Well-Architected Framework with six pillars- Get in-depth knowledge of new storage options and security group configurationsWho this book is for: This book is for application and enterprise architects, developers, operations engineers, and certification aspirants looking to master AWS architectural patterns, best practices, and advanced techniques for building scalable, secure, highly available, fault-tolerant, and cost-effective cloud solutions. Prior coding knowledge isn't required, but experience in software architecture design will be helpful.Table of Contents- Understanding AWS Cloud Principles and Key Characteristics- Understanding the AWS Well-Architected Framework and Getting Certified- Leveraging the Cloud for Enterprise Transformation- Networking in AWS- Storage in AWS: Choosing the Right Tool for the Job- Harnessing the Power of Cloud Computing- Selecting the Right Database Service- Best Practices for Application Security, Identity, and Compliance- Driving Efficiency with Cloud Operation Automation and DevOps in AWS- Data Engineering and Big Data Analytics in AWS- Machine Learning and Generative AI in AWS- Data Lake Patterns: Integrating Your Data Across the Enterprise- Building Microservices and Event-Driven Architecture in AWS- Hands-On Guide to Building an App in AWS
Advancements In Smart Card And Biometric Technology
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyber Threat Hunters Handbook
Cyber threat hunting is the advanced practice that empowers security teams to actively unearth hidden intrusions and subtle attack behaviors that evade traditional tools. Cyber threats are evolving faster than ever. It is used by modern attackers as an advanced technique to infiltrate systems, evade detection, and exploit vulnerabilities at scale. This book offers a hands-on, practical approach to threat hunting and covers key topics such as network traffic analysis, operating system compromise detection, malware analysis, APTs, cyber threat intelligence, AI-driven detection techniques, and open-source tools. Each chapter builds the capabilities, from understanding the fundamentals to applying advanced techniques in real-world scenarios. It also covers integrating strategies for dealing with security incidents, outlining crucial methods for effective hunting in various settings, and emphasizing the power of sharing insights.By the end of this book, readers will possess the critical skills and confidence to effectively identify, analyze, and neutralize advanced cyber threats, significantly elevating their capabilities as cybersecurity professionals. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN● Analyze network traffic, logs, and suspicious system behavior.● Apply threat intelligence and IoCs for early detection.● Identify and understand malware, APTs, and threat actors.● Detect and investigate cyber threats using real-world techniques.● Use techniques and open-source tools for practical threat hunting.● Strengthen incident response with proactive hunting strategies.WHO THIS BOOK IS FORThis book is designed for cybersecurity analysts, incident responders, and Security Operations Center (SOC) professionals seeking to advance their proactive defense skills. Anyone looking to learn about threat hunting, irrespective of their experience, can learn different techniques, tools, and methods with this book.
Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications, SecITC 2024, which took place in Bucharest, Romania, in November 2024. The 16 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks. This conference is focusing on all theoretical and practical aspects related to information technology and communications security.
Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networks and Systems
This two-volume set LNCS 15554 and LNCS 15555 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, NEW2AN 2024, and the 17th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2024, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, during December 11-12, 2024.The 48 full papers included in the joint proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 354 submissions. They address various aspects of next-generation data networks, with special attention to advanced wireless networking and applications. In particular, novel and innovative approaches to performance and effciency analysis of 5G and beyond systems, advanced queuing theory, and machine learning are demonstrated. Additionally, the papers focus on the Internet of Things, optics, signal processing, as well as digital Economy and business aspects.
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications
The 12-volume set CCIS 2564-2575, together with the 28-volume set LNCS/LNAI/LNBI 15842-15869, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025. The 523 papers presented in these proceedings books were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications".
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications
The 12-volume set CCIS 2564-2575, together with the 28-volume set LNCS/LNAI/LNBI 15842-15869, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025. The 523 papers presented in these proceedings books were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications".
Autonomous Revolution: Strategies, Threats and Challenges
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications
The 12-volume set CCIS 2564-2575, together with the 28-volume set LNCS/LNAI/LNBI 15842-15869, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025. The 523 papers presented in these proceedings books were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications".
Moderator-topics
"Moderator-topics, Volume 16" delves into the crucial aspects of online community management and content moderation. This volume explores the challenges and strategies involved in maintaining constructive and safe online environments. From handling user disputes to implementing content policies, this book offers insights relevant to anyone involved in moderating online forums, social media platforms, or digital communities. An essential resource for moderators, community managers, and those interested in the dynamics of online interactions, "Moderator-topics" provides a comprehensive overview of the tools and techniques necessary for fostering healthy and productive online spaces. Explore real-world examples and practical advice on navigating the complexities of digital communication.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
CompTIA(R) SecurityX(R) CAS-005 Certification Guide - Second Edition
Become a cybersecurity expert with comprehensive CAS-005 preparation using this detailed guide packed with practical insights, mock exams, diagrams, and actionable strategies that align with modern enterprise security demandsKey Features: - Strengthen your grasp of key concepts and real-world security practices across updated exam objectives.- Gauge your preparedness with over 300 practice questions, flashcards, and mock exams- Visualize complex topics with diagrams of AI-driven threats, Zero Trust, cloud security, cryptography, and incident responseBook Description: As cyber threats evolve at unprecedented speed and enterprises demand resilient, scalable security architectures, the CompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 Certification Guide stands as the definitive preparation resource for today's security leaders. This expert-led study guide enables senior security professionals to master the full breadth and depth of the new CAS-005 exam objectives.Written by veteran instructor Mark Birch, this guide draws from over 30 years of experience in teaching, consulting, and implementing cybersecurity controls to deliver clear, actionable content across the four core domains: governance, risk, and compliance; security architecture; security engineering; and security operations. It addresses the most pressing security challenges, from AI-driven threats and Zero Trust design to hybrid cloud environments, post-quantum cryptography, and automation. While exploring cutting-edge developments, it reinforces essential practices such as threat modeling, secure SDLC, advanced incident response, and risk management.Beyond comprehensive content coverage, this guide ensures you are fully prepared to pass the exam through exam tips, review questions, and detailed mock exams, helping you build the confidence and situational readiness needed to succeed in the CAS-005 exam and real-world cybersecurity leadership.What You Will Learn: - Build skills in compliance, governance, and risk management- Understand key standards such as CSA, ISO27000, GDPR, PCI DSS, CCPA, and COPPA- Hunt advanced persistent threats (APTs) with AI, threat detection, and cyber kill frameworks- Apply Kill Chain, MITRE ATT&CK, and Diamond threat models for proactive defense- Design secure hybrid cloud environments with Zero Trust architecture- Secure IoT, ICS, and SCADA systems across enterprise environments- Modernize SecOps workflows with IAC, GenAI, and automation- Use PQC, AEAD, FIPS, and advanced cryptographic toolsWho this book is for: This CompTIA book is for candidates preparing for the SecurityX certification exam who want to advance their career in cybersecurity. It's especially valuable for security architects, senior security engineers, SOC managers, security analysts, IT cybersecurity specialists/INFOSEC specialists, and cyber risk analysts. A background in a technical IT role or a CompTIA Security+ certification or equivalent experience is recommended.Table of Contents- Given a Set of Organizational Security Requirements, Implement the Appropriate Governance Components- Given a Set of Organizational Security Requirements, Perform Risk Management Activities- Explain how compliance affects information security strategies- Given a Scenario, Performing Threat Modeling Activities- Summarize the Information Security Challenges Associated with AI Adoption- Given a Scenario, Analyze Requirements to Design Resilient Systems- Given a Scenario, Implement Security in the Early Stages of the Systems Life Cycle and Throughout Subsequent Stages(N.B. Please use the Read Sample option to see further chapters)
Information Security
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Cybernetic Society
"An optimistic, shimmering image of a world where AI operates in service to humankind" (Kirkus) argues that both the major risk and opportunity of AI is that humans and computers have fused, giving AI the ability to shape the future of human affairs Artificial intelligence is inescapable: at home, at work, in politics, and on the battlefield. In The Cybernetic Society, technologist Amir Husain argues that AI hasn't simply encroached on everything we do. It has become part of us, and we, it. Humans and intelligent machines, he argues, are enmeshed in a symbiotic hybrid that he calls a "cybernetic society." Husain describes a present and future where AI isn't a tool of humans but our equal partner, one where they can realize their own visions of the world. There is great potential and danger: Saudi Arabia's Neom--a "cognitive city" being built in inhospitable desert--shows how this symbiosis can make life possible where otherwise, it is not. But the profusion of intelligent military drones is making mass destruction possible where otherwise, it is not. As engrossing as it is urgent, The Cybernetic Society offers a new understanding of this revolutionary fusion of machine and mankind, and its profound implications for all our futures. The path ahead is challenging. But Husain shows why we can live harmoniously with our creations.
Cloud Computing
This book LNICST 617 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Cloud Computing, CloudComp 2024, held in Luton, UK, during September 9-10, 2024. The 16 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The proceedings focus on topics such as The Cloud-Edging Computing Wireless Networks; Network Security Emerging Applications /The Cloud-Edging Integration Applications
Hacking Voice-Controllable Devices
Voice-controllable devices allow hands-free interactions, offering a modern user experience and helping impaired users. However, the voice channel that enables this interaction is also one of their main weaknesses. Higher usability often comes with higher security and privacy risks. As Voice-Controllable Devices are no exception to this, a plethora of new attacks have been carried out against them in recent years. In this book, several attacks are analysed against the voice channel available in the literature; it then devises a bespoke kill chain to facilitate the classification of attack steps and future research. Additionally, the work analyses the design of the notorious Alexa vs Alexa attack, which turned Echo Dot devices against themselves in 2022. Finally, the present volume explores measures against all these attacks and raise important questions about their suitability for user needs. Topics and features: Discusses timely security and privacy challenges in IoT devices, with an emphasis on voice-controllable devices Provides a framework for assessing and studying attacks against the voice channel Addresses practical attacks successfully carried out against real devices, showing that an impactful attack need not be complex Explores advanced safeguards from a new perspective, questioning whether research is proceeding in the right direction This powerful volume--containing tips, tricks, and techniques used by ethical hackers to breach the voice channel--serves as the perfect guide for researchers conducting security and privacy research on IoT. It also provides food for thought for graduate students and enthusiasts of these subjects who do not shy away from the mathematics behind the world of machine learning.
Empowering Iot: Reliability, Network Management, Sensing, and Probabilistic Charging in Wireless Sensor Networks
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of both fundamental principles and practical engineering techniques. It places a strong emphasis on several key areas, including load balancing for IoT sensor devices through effective network management to ensure robust communication reliability among these sensor devices. It also delves into the intricacies of efficient charging scheduling for sensor devices, using probabilistic approaches and integrated sensing and communication technologies to enhance network optimization. Central to the book's goals is its comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical challenges in IoT network optimization. This focus makes it particularly suitable for readers seeking practical solutions in this area. The book's target audience includes researchers, engineers, graduate students, and IoT industry professionals interested in areas such as reliability improvement, load balancing, charging scheduling, and network management. By providing both theoretical foundations and practical insights, this book serves as a valuable resource for those seeking to navigate the complexities of IoT network optimization.
Perturbation Based Privacy in Crowdsensing
This book investigates perturbation-based privacy in crowdsensing systems. The authors first present an explicit overview of crowdsensing systems and privacy challenges and briefly discuss how the noise added by perturbation-based privacy-preserving techniques could inevitably degrade data quality and facilitate the success of data poisoning attacks on crowdsensing. The authors then give a comprehensive review of classical privacy notions for perturbation-based privacy-preserving techniques and theoretically analyze the relations between these privacy notions. The next four chapters conduct a series of studies on privacy preservation in crowdsensing systems from three dimensions of data privacy, data utility and data poisoning. Finally, the book explores open issues and outlines future research directions for perturbation-based privacy preservation in crowdsensing systems. Advanced-level students majoring in the areas of network security, computer science and electrical engineering will find this book useful as a secondary text. Professionals seeking privacy-preserving solutions for crowdsensing systems will also find this book useful as a reference.
Cognitive Computation and Systems
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cognitive Computation and Systems, ICCCS 2024, held in Linyi, China, December 20-22, 2024. The 54 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Cognitive computing and information processing; Intelligent cooperative control; and Learning and systems. Part II: Cognitive computing and information processing; Intelligent cooperative control; and Learning and systems.
Information Systems Security and Privacy
This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 9th and 10th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy, ICISSP 2023 and 2024, held in Lisbon, Portugal, and in Rome, Italy during February 22-24, 2023 and February 26-28, 2024, respectively. The 15 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 285 submissions. These papers have been organized under the following topical sections: Management and operations; Applications and services; and Technologies and foundations.
Cognitive Computation and Systems
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cognitive Computation and Systems, ICCCS 2024, held in Linyi, China, December 20-22, 2024. The 54 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Cognitive computing and information processing; Intelligent cooperative control; and Learning and systems. Part II: Cognitive computing and information processing; Intelligent cooperative control; and Learning and systems.
Spectral Domain RF Fingerprinting for 802.11 Wireless Devices
The increase in availability and reduction in cost of commercial communication devices (IEEE compliant such as 802.11, 802.16, etc) has increased wireless user exposure and the need for techniques to properly identify/classify signals for increased security measures. A communication device's emission includes intentional modulation that enables correct device operation. Hardware and environmental factors alter the ideal response and induce unintentional modulation e ects. If these e ects (features) are su ciently unique it becomes possible to identify a device using its ngerprint, with potential discrimination of not only manufacturers but possibly serial numbers for a given manufacturer.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Supplementing an Ad Hoc Wireless Network Routing Protocol With Radio Frequency Identification Tags
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a broad and varied range of applications, yet all of these are limited by the resources available to the sensor nodes that make up the WSN. The most significant resource is energy; a WSN may be deployed to an inhospitable or unreachable area leaving it with a non-replenishable power source. This research examines a technique of reducing energy consumption by augmenting the nodes with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that contain routing information. It was expected that RFID tags would reduce the network throughput, AODV routing traffic sent, and the amount of energy consumed. However, RFID tags have little effect on the network throughput or the AODV routing traffic sent. They also increase ETE delays in sparse networks as well as the amount of energy consumed in both sparse and dense networks. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the amount of user data throughput received. The density of the network is shown to have an effect on the variation of the data but the trends are the same for both sparse and dense networks. This counter-intuitive result is explained and conditions for such a scheme to be effective are discussed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Toward Cyber Omniscience
It is widely accepted that cyberspace is a vulnerable and highly contested environment. The United Sates has and will face threats to its national security in the realm. As a result, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) has decided to consider new and evolving theories of deterrence to address the cyber domain. This OSD-sponsored paper examines a new cyberspace deterrence option know as cyber omniscience. Set in the year 2035, this paper will begin the process of developing the theory of cyber omniscience as a DoD deterrent. At the heart of cyber deterrence lays this question: "As technology rapidly advances in the contested cyber domain, can hostile individuals be deterred from employing highly advanced technologies through cyberspace that threaten national survival?" To answer this question, this paper will investigate a number of issues with regard to cyberspace deterrence: anticipated life (societal norms) and technology in 2035, hostile individual threats, what cyber omniscience entails, privacy issues, and policy recommendations. This multi-pronged approach will serve as the catalyst to a better understanding of the future of cyberspace, the threats, and deterrence.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mitigating Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in an Anonymous Routing Environment
Network-centric intelligence collection operations use computers and the Internet to identify threats against Department of Defense (DoD) operations and personnel, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of enemy capabilities and to attribute network events to sponsoring organizations. The security of these operations are paramount and attention must be paid to countering enemy attribution efforts. One way for U.S. information operators to avoid being linked to the DoD is to use anonymous communication systems. One such anonymous communication system, Tor, provides a distributed overlay network that anonymizes interactive TCP services such as web browsing, secure shell, and chat. Tor uses the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and is thus vulnerable to a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack that can significantly delay data traversing the Tor network. This research is the first to explore DDoS mitigation in the anonymous routing environment. Defending against DDoS attacks in this environment is challenging as mitigation strategies must account for the distributed characteristics of anonymous communication systems and for anonymity vulnerabilities. In this research, the TLS DDoS attack is mitigated by forcing all clients (malicious or legitimate) to solve a puzzle before a connection is completed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stastistical Machine Translation of Japanese
Statistical machine translation (SMT) uses large amounts of language training data to statistically build a knowledge base for translating from one language to another. Before introducing this language data, usually in the form of a parallel set of sentences from both languages, the SMT system has no other linguistic information available to it. With supervised SMT, however, additional linguistic knowledge is allowed in addition to the training data. When translating between languages with little or no common linguistic backgrounds, like English and Japanese, using supervised SMT is extremely useful. By giving the system linguistic rules before training on the parallel corpus, the SMT system can build better alignments between words in both languages.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Virtualization Technology Applied to Rootkit Defense
This research effort examines the idea of applying virtualization hardware to enhance operating system security against rootkits. Rootkits are sets of tools used to hide code and/or functionality from the user and operating system. Rootkits can accomplish this feat through using access to one part of an operating system to change another part that resides at the same privilege level. Hardware assisted virtualization (HAV) provides an opportunity to defeat this tactic through the introduction of a new operating mode. Created to aid operating system virtualization, HAV provides hardware support for managing and saving multiple states of the processor. This hardware support overcomes a problem in pure software virtualization, which is the need to modify guest software to run at a less privileged level. Using HAV, guest software can operate at the pre-HAV most privileged level. This thesis provides a plan to protect data structures targeted by rootkits through unconventional use of HAV technology to secure system resources such as memory. This method of protection will provide true real-time security through OS attack prevention, rather than reaction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
