Offensive Cyber Capability
The subject of cyberterrorism has become a topic of increasing importance to both the U.S. government and military. Offensive cyber capabilities provide a means to mitigate risk to U.S. systems that depend on the Internet to conduct business. In combination with passive security measures, offensive cybercapabilities seem to add to the level of Internet security thereby securing cyberspace for all Americans. The intent of this monograph is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of an offensive cyber capability in order to visualize the various options and tradeoffs necessary to achieve an acceptable level of security. The idea of convergence continues to bring together separate technologies using the Internet in order to interact and become more efficient. The effect of this phenomenon has increased the speed with which information is shared, helped business become more competitive and provided different means to distribute information. This same convergence has made the Internet a prime target as it has the potential to affect the economy, critical infrastructure and limit the freedoms of others in the cyberspace arena. Due to the increasing complexity of technology, vulnerabilities will continue to surface that can be taken advantage of. Technology is also becoming cheaper and easier to operate granting any motivated individual with access to the Internet the ability identify network vulnerabilities and exploit them. These themes are important as they identify that the U.S. is highly dependent on the Internet making it imperative that feasible security options must be identified in order to secure cyberspace. A cyberterrorist act has not occurred therefore there is no empirical evidence to develop case studies upon and generate learning. An agent based model using basic parameters learned from the literature review and logical deductions reveals key several key relationships. First, there is a balance between an offensive cyber capability and passive defensive mThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Emerging Roles of Combat Communication Squadrons in Cyber Warfare As Related to Computer Network Attack, Defense And Exploitation
The warfighter has become increasingly dependent of the cyber domain and the computer network that all the deployed forces use to plan and execute the Commander's intent and accomplish the objectives for mission success. The full spectrum of cyber dominance must include the need for computer network attack, defense and exploitation (CNA/D/E) at the tactical level. The combat communications squadrons (CCS) are the Air Force's deployable communication force structure for the joint and coalition war ghter during combat and Humanitarian Relief Operations. With the growing intensity to defend the warfighter's mission that is dependent on the network, instead of defending the entire Air Force GIG, the CCS's core competencies must continue to move from network assurance to mission assurance in a tactical communication environment. In order to provide this complete capability for the war ghter, the combat communication squadrons should reshape their mission to include the cyber operations focus of CNA/D/E. The CCS mission should strive to balance bare-base operations with the CNA/D/E capabilities and evolve combat communication squadrons into a total cyber force tactical unit. Therefore, it only makes sense that mission assurance at the lowest possible denominator must be achieved and maintained. This research intends to show how an Air Force CCS can provide those complete cyber capabilities needed for a deployed force commander to obtain full mission assurance in the cyber domain through a new CCS team structure and time-phased implementation plan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stastistical Machine Translation of Japanese
Statistical machine translation (SMT) uses large amounts of language training data to statistically build a knowledge base for translating from one language to another. Before introducing this language data, usually in the form of a parallel set of sentences from both languages, the SMT system has no other linguistic information available to it. With supervised SMT, however, additional linguistic knowledge is allowed in addition to the training data. When translating between languages with little or no common linguistic backgrounds, like English and Japanese, using supervised SMT is extremely useful. By giving the system linguistic rules before training on the parallel corpus, the SMT system can build better alignments between words in both languages.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mitigating Reversing Vulnerabilities in .NET Applications Using Virtualized Software Protection
Protecting intellectual property contained in application source code and preventing tampering with application binaries are both major concerns for software developers. Simply by possessing an application binary, any user is able to attempt to reverse engineer valuable information or produce unanticipated execution results through tampering. As reverse engineering tools become more prevalent, and as the knowledge required to effectively use those tools decreases, applications come under increased attack from malicious users.Emerging development tools such as Microsoft's .NET Application Framework allow diverse source code composed of multiple programming languages to be integrated into a single application binary, but the potential for theft of intellectual property increases due to the metadata-rich construction of compiled .NET binaries. Microsoft's new Software Licensing and Protection Services (SLPS) application is designed to mitigate trivial reversing of .NET applications through the use of virtualization. This research investigates the viability of the SLPS software protection utility Code Protector as a means of mitigating the inherent vulnerabilities of .NET applications.The results of the research show that Code Protector does indeed protect compiled .NET applications from reversing attempts using commonly-available tools. While the performance of protected applications can suffer if the protections are applied to sections of the code that are used repeatedly, it is clear that low-use .NET application code can be protected by Code Protector with little performance impact.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Internet2
In 2005 Air Force leadership added cyberspace to the USAF mission statement. Shortly thereafter, 8th Air Force was named the provisional headquarters of Air Force Cyber Command (AFCYBER). The past two years have witnessed an enormous amount of USAF capital invested in recognizing cyberspace as a co-equal warfighting domain to air and space. That point is not contested in this research paper, nor is the argument that the electronic spectrum is a component of cyberspace. Instead this research focuses on cyberspace's man-made aspects that are shaped by military and commercial technology making it unique from air and space. Two main programs are shaping cyberspace today: the Global Information Grid (GIG) and Internet2. The Global Information Grid (GIG) program is the DoD's comprehensive cyberspace network shaping program. It is intended to merge the diverse network operations of the various services into a seamless, integrated framework. Unfortunately, the GIG is focused almost entirely on transforming US forces to expanding the network, not to shaping cyberspace operations. Meanwhile, Internet2 is the commercial and academic community's most advanced program for shaping the Internet. Internet2 fosters cooperation between the research and development community to create advanced networking technologies. This paper asserts that AFCYBER should directly participate in both of these programs for the purpose of shaping cyberspace into a more effective domain for integrated air, space and cyberspace operations. Shaping the domain involves identifying, analyzing, and investing in components of the military and commercial community's network development programs to proactively enhance future cyberspace operations. Failure to consider shaping the cyber-battlefield will result in continual reaction to the vagaries of the commercial industry to the potential detriment of future cyber operations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Establishing the Human Firewall
Hackers frequently use social engineering attacks to gain a foothold into a target network. This type of attack is a tremendous challenge to defend against, as the weakness lies in the human users, not in the technology. Thus far, methods for dealing with this threat have included establishing better security policies and educating users on the threat that exists. Existing techniques aren't working as evidenced by the fact that auditing agencies consider it a given that will be able to gain access via social engineering. The purpose of this research is to propose a better method of reducing an individual's vulnerability to social engineering attacks.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Flexible Options for Cyber Deterrence
The idea of deterrence has existed since the beginning of humanity. The concept of deterrence became synonymous with American Cold War strategic thinking and foreign policy through the idea of mutually assured destruction. However, deterrence through punishment requires attribution, the demonstration of offensive capabilities, and an assumption of rationality. These requirements demonstrate the fallacy of Cold War deterrence applied to the cyber domain. In order to address both asymmetric threats from terrorists and the intimidation associated with nation-state peer competitors in the cyber domain, what is required is a comprehension of the challenges associated with attribution and international law. Just as important is an understanding of how extremists and nation-states use the cyber domain to conduct operations. Only then can the United States consider flexible cyber deterrent options within cyberspace.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Speech Recognition Using the Mellin Transform
The purpose of this research was to improve performance in speech recognition. Specifically, a new approach was investigating by applying an integral transform known as the Mellin transform (MT) on the output of an auditory model to improve the recognition rate of phonemes through the scale-invariance property of the Mellin transform. Scale-invariance means that as a time-domain signal is subjected to dilations, the distribution of the signal in the MT domain remains unaffected. An auditory model was used to transform speech waveforms into images representing how the brain "sees" a sound. The MT was applied and features were extracted. The features were used in a speech recognizer based on Hidden Markov Models. The results from speech recognition experiments showed an increase in recognition rates for some phonemes compared to traditional methods.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cloud-Driven Defense
The cloud has transformed how we build and scale technology but security remains its most overlooked imperative. This book bridges the gap between rapid innovation and resilient systems, offering a proven framework for embedding security into every stage of cloud architecture.Written by a practitioner who has navigated real-world deployments, Cloud-Driven Defense goes beyond theoretical best practices to reveal how organizations can anticipate threats rather than react to breaches. Through candid case studies and technical insights, it demonstrates why security cannot be an afterthought in cloud environments and how to make it a foundational priority without sacrificing agility.Engineers will find actionable guidance on secure coding, automation, and infrastructure design. Security teams will learn how to collaborate effectively with developers. Leaders will gain clarity on risk management in complex cloud ecosystems. At its core, this book is about cultural change shifting from "move fast and break things" to "build fast and defend by design."For anyone responsible for systems that can't afford to fail, Cloud-Driven Defense provides the mindset and tools to innovate with confidence. The cloud's potential is limitless but only if we secure it properly from day one.
Defeating Adversary Network Intelligence Efforts With Active Cyber Defense Techniques
The purpose of this research was to assess the potential of dynamic network reconfiguration and decoys to defeat adversary network reconnaissance efforts, thereby improving network defense. Specifically, this study sought to determine if the strategy has merit, thus warranting more resource intensive research and engineering studies. The research objective was achieved through a comprehensive literature review and limited technology survey. The key topics examined in the literature review include the network attack process, network defense strategies, deception and continuous unpredictable change. Many candidate technologies were surveyed, but only three identified as high potential were examined in detail: address hopping, honeypots and network telescopes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Internet2
In 2005 Air Force leadership added cyberspace to the USAF mission statement. Shortly thereafter, 8th Air Force was named the provisional headquarters of Air Force Cyber Command (AFCYBER). The past two years have witnessed an enormous amount of USAF capital invested in recognizing cyberspace as a co-equal warfighting domain to air and space. That point is not contested in this research paper, nor is the argument that the electronic spectrum is a component of cyberspace. Instead this research focuses on cyberspace's man-made aspects that are shaped by military and commercial technology making it unique from air and space. Two main programs are shaping cyberspace today: the Global Information Grid (GIG) and Internet2. The Global Information Grid (GIG) program is the DoD's comprehensive cyberspace network shaping program. It is intended to merge the diverse network operations of the various services into a seamless, integrated framework. Unfortunately, the GIG is focused almost entirely on transforming US forces to expanding the network, not to shaping cyberspace operations. Meanwhile, Internet2 is the commercial and academic community's most advanced program for shaping the Internet. Internet2 fosters cooperation between the research and development community to create advanced networking technologies. This paper asserts that AFCYBER should directly participate in both of these programs for the purpose of shaping cyberspace into a more effective domain for integrated air, space and cyberspace operations. Shaping the domain involves identifying, analyzing, and investing in components of the military and commercial community's network development programs to proactively enhance future cyberspace operations. Failure to consider shaping the cyber-battlefield will result in continual reaction to the vagaries of the commercial industry to the potential detriment of future cyber operations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Android Protection System
This research develops the Android Protection System (APS), a hardware-implemented application security mechanism on Android smartphones. APS uses a hash-based white-list approach to protect mobile devices from unapproved application execution. Functional testing confirms this implementation allows approved content to execute on the mobile device while blocking unapproved content. Performance benchmarking shows system overhead during application installation increases linearly as the application package size increases. APS presents no noticeable performance degradation during application execution. The security mechanism degrades system performance only during application installation, when users expect delay. APS is implemented within the default Android application installation process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Packet Analysis of Unmodified Bluetooth Communication Devices
Bluetooth technology has potential for widespread use within the Department of Defense and the Air Force. An office environment using Bluetooth technology can wirelessly connect computers, printers, and other office equipment in order to share information over short distances. The clutter and annoyance of cables connecting equipment can be eliminated. Bluetooth provides a standard interface for connection, as opposed to many different proprietary cables. The research is conducted indoors in a climate controlled environment, with minimal obstructions, to closely follow free-space signal propagation. Four different antenna orientations are used. The factors varied are the distance between devices, and the antenna orientation. This research determined that two of the four cards tested have a specific distance where a change from Data High rate packets and Data Medium rate are used.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Scalable and Fault Tolerant Group Key Management
To address the group key management problem for modern networks this research proposes a lightweight group key management protocol with a gossip-based dissemination routine. Experiments show that by slightly increasing workload for the key update mechanism, this protocol is superior to currently available tree-based protocols with respect to reliability and fault tolerance, while remaining scalable to large groups. In addition, it eliminates the need for logical key hierarchy while preserving an overall reduction in rekey messages to rekey a group. The protocol provides a simple "pull" mechanism to ensure perfect rekeys in spite of the primary rekey mechanism's probabilistic guarantees, without burdening key distribution facilities. Benefits of this protocol are quantified versus tree-based dissemination in Java simulations on networks exhibiting various node failure rates.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Machine Learning Techniques for Characterizing IEEE 802.11b Encrypted Data Streams
As wireless networks become an increasingly common part of the infrastructure in industrialized nations, the vulnerabilities of this technology need to be evaluated. Even though there have been major advancements in encryption technology, security protocols and packet header obfuscation techniques, other distinguishing characteristics do exist in wireless network traffic. These characteristics include packet size, signal strength, channel utilization and others. Using these characteristics, windows of size 11, 31, and 51 packets are collected and machine learning (ML) techniques are trained to classify applications accessing the 802.11b wireless channel. The four applications used for this study included E-Mail, FTP, HTTP, and Print.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Netwars Based Study of a Joint STARS Link-16 Network
Both secure and anti-jam resistant, the Link-16 is the primary communications channel used by the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (Joint STARS) for the exchange of real-time tactical data among various ground, air, and sea platforms of the United States of America and North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces. This research explored the effect of increasing network traffic for imagery transfer to the mean delay when operating under different network topologies. Using Network Warfare Simulation (NETWARS), three different missions were simulated to run on five network topologies having a different number of participants, different assigned time slots, and stacked nets. As a result, this study determined that the Link-16 network is able to handle the increase in network traffic, from 30 kilobits per second to 50 kilobits per second, when using multiple stacked net configurations while assigning an adequate number of time slots. However, because each participant is limited to 128 time slots per second, the increased network traffic limits the communication ability of other participants.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Psychological Operations Within the Cyberspace Domain
The importance of cyberspace and the utility of networked computer systems have grown exponentially over the past 20 years. For this reason, this study advances a concept for employing the mission essential functions of Psychological Operations within the cyberspace domain to influence an adversary, key decision makers and relevant publics across the full range of military operations in support of the Joint Force Commander. It addresses the different types of persuasive technologies and the advantages that this domains offers to Psychological Operations professionals. The analysis demonstrates that PSYOP capabilities developed to exploit the unique nature of the cyberspace domain can be extremely persuasive if properly integrated into Joint Force Operations. Effects created within the cyber domain can have real-world results that drive relevant publics to make decisions favorable to the Joint Force.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Air Force and the Cyberspace Mission
A little over year ago, in November 2005, the Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne and Air Force Chief of Staff General T. Michael Moseley wrote a joint letter to all airmen of the Air Force. The letter defined a new mission statement which also included the concept of cyberspace. The secretary and chief defined cyberspace as including network security, data transmission and the sharing of information. It would be useful to look at how United States adversaries plan to engage us in the cyber domain as the Air Force moves toward this new frontier. This paper begins by suggesting potential areas an adversary may infiltrate cyberspace. It also includes a scenario describing China's cyberspace strategy. A brief historical look at computers, followed by a visit to today's systems, and then more importantly, an examination of future vulnerability of computer systems used throughout the Air Force is also included. A snapshot of current computer vulnerabilities within the Air Force, to include the operating systems, software and network/internet connectivity is also discussed in this paper. Although the Air Force and the Department of Defense (DOD) in general, have numerous safeguards in effect to protect systems and their networks, the DOD relies on a system that is passive when encountering cyber threats. This paper offers recommendations to consider, in the future, as the Air Force increasingly becomes reliant on computers, software, and the networks they reside on. Additionally, the time needed to develop and deploy effective defenses in cyberspace is much longer than the time required for an adversary to mount an attack. This paper concludes with an assessment that there is a valid and urgent need to begin steps today to defend the Air Force computer systems as well as to proactively protect and dominate the cyberspace domain of the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Routing protocols designed for wired networks cannot be used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to the dynamic topology, limited throughput, and energy constraints. New routing protocols have been designed for use in MANETs, but have not been thoroughly tested under realistic conditions such as node movement, number of sources, the presence of obstacles, and node speed.This research evaluates the performance of ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing with respect to throughput, goodput ratio, end-to-end (ETE) delay, node pair packet delivery rate, and node pair end-to-end delay. It shows these performance metrics vary significantly according to the choice of mobility model, number of sources, and the presence or absence of obstacles. The mobility model explains 68% of the variation in node pair packet delivery rate. The mobility model explains between 8% and 53% of variation in the other performance metrics. Obstacles explain between 5% and 24% of variation, and have the greatest effect on ETE delay. Finally, the number of sources explains between 8% and 72% of variation in node pair ETE delay, throughput, goodput ratio, and node pair packet delivery rate. The number of sources does not have a significant affect on ETE delay.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Analysis of Biometric Technology as an Enabler to Information Assurance
The use of and dependence on Information technology (IT) has grown tremendously in the lasttwo decades. Still, some believe we are only in the infancy of this growth. This explosive growthhas opened the door to capabilities that were only dreamed of in the past. As easily as it is to seehow advantageous technology is, it is also clear that with those advantages come distinctresponsibilities and new problems that must be addressed. For instance, the minute we beganusing information processing systems, the world of information assurance (IA) became far morecomplex as well. As a result, the push for better IA is necessary.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Throughput Performance Evaluation and Analysis of Unmodified Bluetooth Devices
The Air Force relies on the application of new technologies to support and execute its mission. As new technologies develop, the integration of that technology is studied to determine the costs and benefits it may provide to the war fighter. One such emergent technology is the Bluetooth wireless protocol, used to connect a small number of devices over a short distance. The short distance is a feature that makes using the protocol desirable. However short, there is still a vulnerability to interception. This research identifies ranges at which several commercially available Bluetooth devices are usable. Various combinations of both distance and orientation are varied to determine a 360 degree map of the Bluetooth antenna. The map identifies distances at which certain throughput thresholds are available. This research shows that baseline 1 mW Bluetooth antennas are capable of throughput levels of 100 kbps at over 40 meters, which is four times the minimum distance specified in the protocol standard. The 3Com PC card was the best performing PC card, capable of throughputs at or near 100 kbps out to 40 meters. The other PC Cards tested had similar performance. The Hawking USB dongle was the best USB antenna tested, achieving throughputs of over 200 kbps in three of the four orientation, and over 150 kbps at the fourth. The 3Com dongle was a close second, the Belkin dongle a distant third, while the DLink antenna was not able to achieve 100 kbps at any distance tested.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Study of Rootkit Stealth Techniques and Associated Detection Methods
In today's world of advanced computing power at the fingertips of any user, we must constantly think of computer security. Information is power and this power is had within our computer systems. If we can not trust the information within our computer systems then we can not properly wield the power that comes from such information. Rootkits are software programs that are designed to develop and maintain an environment in which malware may hide on a computer system after successful compromise of that computer system. Rootkits cut at the very foundation of the trust that we put in our information and subsequent power. This thesis seeks to understand rootkit hiding techniques, rootkit finding techniques and develops attack trees and defense trees in order to help us identify deficiencies in detection to further increase the trust in our information systems.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Active Computer Network Defense
A Presidential Commission, several writers, and numerous network security incidents have called attention to the potential vulnerability of the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) to attack. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks are inherently resistant to physical attack because of their decentralized structure, but are vulnerable to CNA. Passive defenses can be very effective in forestalling CNA, but their effectiveness relies on the capabilities and attentiveness of system administrators and users. There are still many measures that can be taken to improve the effectiveness of passive defenses, and one of these is active defense. It can be divided into three categories: preemptive attacks, counterattacks, and active deception. Preemptive attacks show little potential for affecting an adversary's CNA capabilities, since these are likely to remain isolated from the Internet until actually beginning their attack. Counterattacks show more promise, but only if begun early enough to permit all preparatory activities to be completed before the adversary's CNA is completed. Active deception also shows promise, but only as long as intrusions can be detected quickly and accurately, and adversaries redirected into "dummy" networks. Active and passive defense measures can work synergistically, to strengthen one another.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Bubble World a Novel Visual Information Retrieval Technique
With the tremendous growth of published electronic information sources in the last decade and the unprecedented reliance on this information to succeed in day-to-day operations, comes the expectation of finding the right information at the right time. Sentential interfaces are currently the only viable solution for searching through large infospheres of unstructured information, however, the simplistic nature of their interaction model and lack of cognitive amplification they can provide severely limit the performance of the interface. Visual information retrieval systems are emerging as possible candidate replacements for the more traditional interfaces, but many lack the cognitive framework to support the knowledge crystallization process found to be essential in information retrieval. This work introduces a novel visual information retrieval technique crafted from two distinct design genres: (1) the cognitive strategies of the human mind to solve problems and (2) observed interaction patterns with existing information retrieval systems. Based on the cognitive and interaction framework developed in this research, a functional prototype information retrieval system, called Bubble World, has been created to demonstrate that significant performance gains can be achieved using this technique when compared to more traditional text-based interfaces.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Taxonomy for and Analysis of Anonymous Communications Networks
Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating attacks. With cyber attacks intended to gather intelligence and disrupt communications rapidly replacing the threat of conventional and nuclear attacks, a new age of warfare is at hand. In 2003, the United States acknowledged that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Even President Obama's Cybersecurity Chief-elect feels challenged by the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks. Indeed, the rising quantity and ubiquity of new surveillance technologies in cyberspace enables instant, undetectable, and unsolicited information collection about entities. Hence, anonymity and privacy are becoming increasingly important issues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Patching the Wetware
In the practice of information security, it is increasingly observed that the weakest link in the security chain is the human operator. A reason often cited for this observation is that the human factor is simpler and cheaper to manipulate than the complex technological protections of digital information systems. Current anecdotes where the human was targeted to undermine military information protection systems include the 2008 breach of USCENTCOM computer systems with a USB device, and the more recent 2010 compromise of classified documents published on the WikiLeaks website. These infamous cases, among others, highlight the need for more robust human-centric information security measures to mitigate the risks of social engineering. To address this need, this research effort reviewed seminal works on social engineering and from the social psychology literature in order to conduct a qualitative analysis that establishes a link between the psychological principles underlying social engineering techniques and recognized principles of persuasion and influence. After this connection is established, several theories from the social psychology domain on how to develop resistance to persuasion are discussed as they could be applied to protecting personnel from social engineering attempts. Specifically, the theories of inoculation, forewarning, metacognition, and dispelling the illusion of invulnerability are presented as potential defenses.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Automated Analysis of ARM Binaries Using the Low-Level Virtual Machine Compiler Framework
Binary program analysis is a critical capability for offensive and defensive operations in Cyberspace. However, many current techniques are ineffective or time-consuming and few tools can analyze code compiled for embedded processors such as those used in network interface cards, control systems and mobile phones. This research designs and implements a binary analysis system, called the Architecture-independent Binary Abstracting Code Analysis System (ABACAS), which reverses the normal program compilation process, lifting binary machine code to the Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) compiler's intermediate representation, thereby enabling existing security-related analyses to be applied to binary programs. The prototype targets ARM binaries but can be extended to support other architectures. Several programs are translated from ARM binaries and analyzed with existing analysis tools. Programs lifted from ARM binaries are an average of 3.73 times larger than the same programs compiled from a high-level language (HLL).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using Prospect Theory to Investigate Decision-Making Bias Within an Information Security Context
Information security is an issue that has increased greatly in importance to bothindustry executives as well as military leadership over the past decade. In this time bothpractitioner and academic circles have researched and developed practices and process tomore effectively handle information security. Even with growth in these areas there hasbeen almost no research conducted into how decision makers actually behave. This isproblematic because information security decision makers in the Department of Defensehave been observed exhibiting risk seeking behavior when making information securitydecisions that seemingly violate accepted norms. There are presently no models in theliterature that provide sufficient insight into this phenomenon.This study used Prospect Theory, developed by Kahneman and Tversky, as aframework to develop a survey in an effort to obtain insight into how decision makersactually behave while making information security decisions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Strategic Deterrence in Cyberspace
This research outlines practical steps that the United States can take to improve strategic deterrence in cyberspace. The unique character of cyberspace requires tailoring of traditional deterrence strategies to fit the domain. This research uses the Deterrence Operations Joint Operating Concept (DO JOC) and the New Triad as models for organizing deterrence operations. The DO JOC focuses on tailoring deterrence operations based on the actor; but deterrence operations must be also be tailored to the uniqueness of cyberspace. The effective tailoring of deterrence operations for cyberspace will require both the application of new ways and means and the tailoring of traditional deterrence concepts to fit this new domain. Practical application of cyber strategic deterrence involves: issuance of US declaratory cyber deterrence policy; removing sanctuaries for cyber adversaries; changing US and adversary mindsets and expectations for what is permitted in cyberspace; changes to military planning in order to conduct operations in consideration of adversary cyber capability; and appreciation of the key policy tradeoffs with respect to cyber deterrence implementation. Cyberspace deterrence should include all three ways of implementing a deterrence strategy: imposing costs, denying benefits, and inducing adversary restraint. Influencing the "Consequences of Restraint" fulcrum through attribution, identity management, and incentivizing trust holds great promise for cyberspace deterrence.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Insider Threat Detection Using Microsoft Log Files
Many threats to a network are not detected in a timely manner. Some are found hours or even days after the threat occurs. This research enhances threat detection in networks by parsing log data from the Windows event viewer. The data is processed in real time, and the notification of a threat results in the immediate sending of an email alertto the administrator. This notification is an imperative first step which alerts administrators of a possible threat that needs to be fully investigated. It was found that timely auditing of all components of the Microsoft Event Log, along with a script running to monitor these events on all network systems, can alert an administrator immediately of a potential threat situation on the network via email, resulting in more efficient defense tactics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Suspicion Modeling in Support of Cyber-Influence Operations/Tactics
Understanding the cognitive process of IT user suspicion may assist organizations in development of network protection plans, personnel training, and tools necessary to identify and mitigate nefarious intrusions IT systems. Exploration of a conceptual common ground between psycho-social and technology-related concepts of suspicion are the heart of this investigation. The complexities involvedd in merging these perspectivess led to the overall questrion: What is the nature of the suspicion towrds IT? The research problem/ phenomenon wasaddress via extensive liteaturereview, and use of the Interactvie Qualitative Analysis methodogly. A problem/phenomenon. Analysis of the system led tot he development of a model of IT suspicion as a progenitor for future experimental constructs that measure or assess behavior as a result of cyber attacks.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Psychology of Cybersecurity
This book takes a fresh look at the psychology of cybersecurity and IT management, discussing the role of cognitive bias and human factors on poor decisions. The book considers the psychology and motivations of those involved with cybersecurity both as cyber attackers and cyber defenders.
A Taxonomy for and Analysis of Anonymous Communications Networks
Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating attacks. With cyber attacks intended to gather intelligence and disrupt communications rapidly replacing the threat of conventional and nuclear attacks, a new age of warfare is at hand. In 2003, the United States acknowledged that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Even President Obama's Cybersecurity Chief-elect feels challenged by the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks. Indeed, the rising quantity and ubiquity of new surveillance technologies in cyberspace enables instant, undetectable, and unsolicited information collection about entities. Hence, anonymity and privacy are becoming increasingly important issues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Routing Worm Infection Rates on an IPV4 Network
Malicious logic, specifically worms cost network users an enormous amount of time and money. Worms, like Slammer and Code Red, infect thousands of systems and denied whole networks access to the Internet. This research examines the ability of the original Slammer worm, a Slammer based routing worm, and a new Single Slash Eight (SSE) routing worm to infect vulnerable systems within a given address space. The ability of Slammer to generate a uniform random IP addresses in a given address space is established. Finally, a comparison of the speed increase from a worm on a computing system in 2003 to those available today is performed. Both the Slammer based routing worm and the SSE routing worm spread faster than the original Slammer. The random number generator of the original Slammer worm generates a statistically uniform distribution of addresses within the range under test. Furthermore, despite the previous research into the speed of worm propagation, there is still a need to test worms on the current systems. The speed of the computing systems that the worms operated on in the past were more than three times slower than today's systems. As the speed of computer systems continue to grow, the speed of worm propagation should increase with it as their scan rates directly relate to their infection rate. As such, any inherent immunity of an IPv6 network from scanning worms should be reexamined.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of an Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
Trusted employees pose a major threat to information systems. Despite ad-vances in prevention, detection, and response techniques, the number of maliciousinsider incidents and their associated costs have yet to decline. There are very fewvulnerability and impact models capable of providing information owners with theability to comprehensively assess the effectiveness an organization's malicious insidermitigation strategies.This research uses a multi-dimensional approach: content analysis, attack treeframework, and an intent driven taxonomy model are used to develop a maliciousinsider Decision Support System (DSS) tool. The tool's output provides an assess-ment of a malicious insider's composite vulnerability levels based upon aggregatedvulnerability assessment and impact assessment levels.The DSS tool's utility and applicability is demonstrated using a notional ex-ample. This research gives information owners data to more appropriately allocatescarce security resources.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Inclusive Design for Accessibility
Through insights from twelve industry voices, learn how to create truly accessible and inclusive digital experiences that work for everyone, regardless of ability and backgroundKey Features: - Understand inclusive design principles that will help you achieve universal usability- Gain insights into AI and emerging technologies shaping the future of accessibility- Drive organizational change with practical strategies to build an inclusive design culture- Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBookBook Description: Despite our growing reliance on digital technology, millions of users are still excluded from fully engaging with websites, apps, and digital services because nobody thought to design for them. Inclusive Design for Accessibility challenges you to rethink how you build digital experiences, offering the tools and guidance needed to move beyond compliance and create experiences that work for everyone.With contributions from twelve accessibility leaders-Dale Cruse, Denis Boudreau, Dr. Angela Young, Maya Sellon, Julianna Rowsell, Nandita Gupta, Jennifer Chadwick, Crystal Scott, Chris McMeeking, Dr. Keith Newton, Charlie Triplett, and Kai Wong-this book lays out the fundamentals of inclusive design and its application in advanced and emerging technologies. You'll discover practical strategies and real-world examples that show you how to embed accessibility into projects, from user research and testing to creating accessible websites and mobile apps. You'll also focus on how AI can enhance accessibility and learn to tackle the challenges posed by VR and AR.For designers, developers, product managers, and business leaders, this book will reshape how you approach inclusive design, helping you move beyond ticking boxes toward building digital products that don't leave anyone behind.What You Will Learn: - Master the core principles of inclusive design to create products that serve all- Conduct diverse user research to gain insights into accessible experiences- Implement accessibility best practices in your web and mobile deployments- Create fully accessible content in text, audio, and video formats- Explore the accessibility challenges and opportunities with AI, VR, and AR- Navigate the legal and ethical implications of accessibility to protect users and your brand- Establish accessibility-focused workflows and practices in your teamsWho this book is for: This book is for digital designers, developers, UX professionals, product managers, and business leaders committed to inclusive design. It offers practical skills for creating accessible digital products, while covering legal and ethical considerations, user research, and strategies for building an accessibility-focused culture within teams.You don't need to be an expert in UX design, web development, or accessibility to get value from this book. Each chapter delivers actionable insights that stand on their own, be it UX design, product management, development, or accessibility leadership.Table of Contents- Defining Inclusive Design in the Digital Age- Understanding Diverse User Needs: Types of Disabilities and Assistive Technologies- Legal and Ethical Considerations in Accessible Design- User Research and Testing for Inclusive Products- Designing Accessible User Interfaces: Visual and Interaction Design- Creating Accessible Content: Writing, Images, and Multimedia- Developing Accessible Websites: HTML, CSS, and ARIA Best Practices- Mobile Accessibility: Designing for Touch and Voice Interfaces- Accessibility in Emerging Technologies: VR, AR, and AI(N.B. Please use the Read Sample option to see further chapters)
Cyber Security
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Advancements In Smart Card And Biometric Technology
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modeling and Analyzing Security Protocols with Tamarin
The Tamarin prover is an open-source analysis tool for cryptographic protocols. Given a specification of a protocol, possible adversaries, and the desired security properties, Tamarin either verifies the protocol or provides counter examples witnessing attacks. Tamarin is a robust and powerful analysis tool: it has been under development for over a decade and has reached a state of maturity where it can be applied to model and analyze a wide range of real-world cryptographic protocols. It is now one of the leading tools in this domain, with a wide and active user community spanning both academia and industry. The objective of this book is to help both researchers and practitioners to gain a general understanding of how Formal Methods tools like Tamarin can be used to analyze and improve the quality of real-world protocols. Moreover, we specifically showcase the Tamarin prover and provide guidance on its usage. In this sense, this book provides a user's manual forTamarin. But it goes far beyond that, highlighting Tamarin's underlying theory and its use in modeling and applications.
AWS for Solutions Architects - Third Edition
Master AWS architecture and design secure, scalable, production-ready cloud systems. This practical guide features real-world patterns, GenAI strategies, cost optimization techniques, and certification-aligned best practices.Endorsements"More than a manual, this is your blueprint for designing AWS systems with confidence and clarity."- Kamal Arora, Director, Solutions Architecture, AWS"From AWS building blocks to generative AI, this book is a strong foundation for becoming a true AWS architect."- Ebrahim Khiyami, Specialist Solutions Architect, AWS"Not just another tech manual - this is your roadmap to mastering modern AWS architecture with real-world patterns, GenAI strategies, and hands-on MLOps for today's cloud challenges."- Jignesh Desai, Principal Solutions Architect, AWS Migration and ModernizationBook DescriptionAWS for Solutions Architects, Third Edition is your essential guide to thriving in the fast-evolving AWS ecosystem. As a solutions architect, staying on top of the latest technologies and managing complex cloud migrations can be challenging, and this book addresses those pain points head-on. Seasoned AWS experts Saurabh Shrivastava, Neelanjali Srivastav, and Dhiraj Thakur bring deep industry insight and hands-on experience to every chapter.This third edition introduces cutting-edge topics, including Generative AI and MLOps, to keep pace with the evolving cloud landscape and guide you in building AI-driven applications. The book also reflects updates from the AWS Well-Architected Framework and aligns with the latest AWS certifications, making it a future-ready guide for cloud professionals. The chapters help you stay ahead of the competition with in-depth coverage of the latest AWS certifications, including AI Practitioner Foundation and Data Engineer Associate, helping you position yourself as a leader in cloud innovation.By the end of this book, you'll transform into a solutions architecture expert, equipped with the strategies, tools, and certifications needed to handle any cloud challenge.What you will learn- Gain expertise in GenAI, MLOps, AIOps, and mobile edge computing- Optimize performance and handle errors in cloud-native applications- Prepare for new AWS certifications, including those focused on AI and data engineering- Apply best practices for security, compliance, and AWS Learning Badges- Explore the updated Well-Architected Framework with six pillars- Get in-depth knowledge of new storage options and security group configurationsWho this book is forThis book is for application and enterprise architects, developers, operations engineers, and certification aspirants looking to master AWS architectural patterns, best practices, and advanced techniques for building scalable, secure, highly available, fault-tolerant, and cost-effective cloud solutions. Prior coding knowledge isn't required, but experience in software architecture design will be helpful.Table of Contents- Understanding AWS Cloud Principles and Key Characteristics- Understanding the AWS Well-Architected Framework and Getting Certified- Leveraging the Cloud for Enterprise Transformation- Networking in AWS- Storage in AWS: Choosing the Right Tool for the Job- Harnessing the Power of Cloud Computing- Selecting the Right Database Service- Best Practices for Application Security, Identity, and Compliance- Driving Efficiency with Cloud Operation Automation and DevOps in AWS(N.B. Please use the Look Inside option to see further chapters)
Federal It Security
The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyber Threat Hunters Handbook
Cyber threat hunting is the advanced practice that empowers security teams to actively unearth hidden intrusions and subtle attack behaviors that evade traditional tools. Cyber threats are evolving faster than ever. It is used by modern attackers as an advanced technique to infiltrate systems, evade detection, and exploit vulnerabilities at scale. This book offers a hands-on, practical approach to threat hunting and covers key topics such as network traffic analysis, operating system compromise detection, malware analysis, APTs, cyber threat intelligence, AI-driven detection techniques, and open-source tools. Each chapter builds the capabilities, from understanding the fundamentals to applying advanced techniques in real-world scenarios. It also covers integrating strategies for dealing with security incidents, outlining crucial methods for effective hunting in various settings, and emphasizing the power of sharing insights.By the end of this book, readers will possess the critical skills and confidence to effectively identify, analyze, and neutralize advanced cyber threats, significantly elevating their capabilities as cybersecurity professionals. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN● Analyze network traffic, logs, and suspicious system behavior.● Apply threat intelligence and IoCs for early detection.● Identify and understand malware, APTs, and threat actors.● Detect and investigate cyber threats using real-world techniques.● Use techniques and open-source tools for practical threat hunting.● Strengthen incident response with proactive hunting strategies.WHO THIS BOOK IS FORThis book is designed for cybersecurity analysts, incident responders, and Security Operations Center (SOC) professionals seeking to advance their proactive defense skills. Anyone looking to learn about threat hunting, irrespective of their experience, can learn different techniques, tools, and methods with this book.
Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications, SecITC 2024, which took place in Bucharest, Romania, in November 2024. The 16 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks. This conference is focusing on all theoretical and practical aspects related to information technology and communications security.
Research and Innovation Forum 2024
This book features research presented and discussed during the Research & Innovation Forum (Rii Forum) 2024. As such, this book offers a unique insight into emerging topics, issues and developments pertinent to the fields of technology, innovation and education and their social impact. Papers included in this book apply inter- and multi-disciplinary approaches to query such issues as technology-enhanced teaching and learning, smart cities, information systems, cognitive computing and social networking. What brings these threads of the discussion together is the question of how advances in computer science-which are otherwise largely incomprehensible to researchers from other fields-can be effectively translated and capitalized on so as to make them beneficial for society as a whole. In this context, Rii Forum and Rii Forum proceedings offer an essential venue where diverse stakeholders, including academics, the think tank sector and decision-makers, can engage in a meaningful dialogue with a view to improving the applicability of advances in computer science.
Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networks and Systems
This two-volume set LNCS 15554 and LNCS 15555 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, NEW2AN 2024, and the 17th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2024, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, during December 11-12, 2024.The 48 full papers included in the joint proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 354 submissions. They address various aspects of next-generation data networks, with special attention to advanced wireless networking and applications. In particular, novel and innovative approaches to performance and effciency analysis of 5G and beyond systems, advanced queuing theory, and machine learning are demonstrated. Additionally, the papers focus on the Internet of Things, optics, signal processing, as well as digital Economy and business aspects.
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications
The 12-volume set CCIS 2564-2575, together with the 28-volume set LNCS/LNAI/LNBI 15842-15869, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025. The 523 papers presented in these proceedings books were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications".
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications
The 12-volume set CCIS 2564-2575, together with the 28-volume set LNCS/LNAI/LNBI 15842-15869, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025. The 523 papers presented in these proceedings books were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications".
