新書
A Study of Comparative Gan
The Gàn dialect group is one of the major Sinitic language families of China. It was identified later than most of the other major Chinese dialect complexes and did not play a role in the philological work of earlier scholars such as Bernhard Karlgren and his epigones. Indeed, it was only in the final decades of the last century that enough detailed data on the group became available to support meaningful comparative research. Three book-length works of great importance that appeared in the 1990’s were the Kè-Gàn fāngyán diàochá bàogào of Lǐ Rúlóng and Song-Hing Chang (1992), Les Dialectes Gan (1993) by Laurent Sagart, and the Kè-Gàn fāngyán bǐjiào yánjiù of Liú Lúnxīn (1999). With these major contributions in hand, Sinological linguists at last began to grasp the full nature and extent of the Gàn family. Since the advent the new century, many more articles and several book-length works have appeared, dealing both with individual Gàn varieties and with entire groups of these dialects. Indeed, our ever-growing corpus of Gàn material is now quite impressive. However, to the best of our knowledge, as of this writing no comparative phonological reconstruction covering the entire family has appeared in print. It is accordingly the primary goal of the present work to remedy this deficiency. To wit, we propose to reconstruct a Common Gàn phonological system and then to demonstrate how this reconstruction can be used as a tool for the study of lexical, taxonomic, and historical problems in comparative Gàn. In order to undertake a comparative reconstruction, one must begin by deciding what to compare. In the case of Gàn, this proves to be a complex issue, for no cogent classificatory scheme for the family has so far been proposed. Indeed, the late Professor Jerry Norman once remarked that it is easier to say what Gàn is not than to say what it is. In confronting this conundrum, our initial approach will be to use in our comparative work only dialects that are universally recognized as Gàn, and to set aside for the nonce any whose assignment to the group is problematic or disputed. Then, once our common phonological system has been reconstructed, we shall return to the problem of taxonomy and, by comparing our new common system with others posited for contiguous dialect families, we shall attempt a delineation of the Gàn family as a whole. Finally, when these tasks have been completed, we shall be in a position to propound a set of guidelines for testing the affiliations of those dialects whose taxonomy is currently in question. The first chapter of this monograph introduces the dialects to be compared and outlines methodological issues and procedures. The second, third, and fourth deal with the reconstruction of the Common Gàn syllable initials, syllable finals, and tones respectively. The fifth chapter is devoted to a set of experimental lexical studies, in which our reconstructed phonological system is brought to bear on seventy-eight salient words in the common Gàn lexicon. The sixth and final chapter outlines the demographic history of the Gàn-speaking area, identifies the major lexical strata in Common Gàn, and correlates these demographic and stratigraphic findings. It then presents a full historical hypothesis regarding the formation of the Gàn family and, as mentioned above, addresses directly the problems of taxonomy and classification. A list of References follows Chapter Six. The Appendix lists all cognate sets used in the reconstructions. A short Index to the text of Chapters I-VI is included at the end.
Nanwang Puyuma－English Dictionary
This work is not the result of an extensive lexicographic project. If it were, more attention would have been given to certain types of data such as floral and faunal identifications. For better or worse, with whatever lacunae, it represents instead data collected over many years of hearing and speaking the Nanwang Puyuma dialect with emphasis on the sorts of intimate details of everyday (and night) speech not ordinarily accessible to outsiders. Li & Tsuchida (2006:2) aptly note in their dictionary of another Formosan language that: ‘Kavalan is still an actively spoken language. As a result, it seems there is no end to what we can add to the Dictionary. We can always find a few new lexical items, forms, and examples on each field trip.’ This observation is particularly apposite for Nanwang Puyuma, where speakers admit they enjoy playing with words. As they say, sagar-ta parbua Da ngai ‘we love creating new words’, and misasa na Taw, sasaya tu-ngai ‘each person has his own words’.
Phonological Profiles of Little－Studied Tibetic Varieties
This edited volume contains original contributions on five under-researched Tibetic varieties: Purik (Kargil, India), Dongwang (Yunnan, China), Cone, Kami and Thebo (all spoken in Sichuan, China), some of which are distinct enough to merit independent language status. Each chapter contains a detailed account of the target variety’s synchronic sound system and its diachronic evolution, a summary of the characteristic innovations, notes on its genetic subgrouping, as well as an English-Tibetic vocabulary of around one thousand items. Beyond this basic format in common, section organization and terminology usage are left to the discretion of the individual authors, some of whom enrich their presentations with additional observations from lexical, morphophonological, morphological and areal linguistic perspectives to shed further light on the phonological structures and linguistic affinity of the respective varieties.
Peaches and Plums
This volume first grew out of an all-day workshop to celebrate Rudy’s 50 years career in university teaching. The workshop, affectionately titled “Rudy Fest”, was held at Harvard University, on May 21, 2010, as a special panel of the joint conference of the 18th International Association of Chinese Linguistics and the 22nd North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics. There were 14 papers presented at the workshop, by Rudy’s students and colleagues. The contributors include four generations of Rudy’s students—Jim Huang, Chiu-yu Tseng, Samuel H. Wang representing the first generation students that Rudy taught in Taiwan; Francesca del Gobbo, Yang Gu, C.-S. Luther Liu, W.-T. Dylan Tsai as the second generation students (themselves having studied with Jim Huang); Barry Yang and C.-M. Louis Liu as the third-generation students (having studied with Dylan Tsai); and Na Liu representing the fourth generation students, as she had studied with Gang Gu, who in turn finished his Ph.D. degree with Yang Gu. All of the papers presented were concerned with Chinese linguistics. Other papers presented include those by Feng-hsi Liu, a colleague of Rudy’s at the University of Arizona, Ning Yu and Yi Xu, both of whom received their Ph.D. training at the University of Arizona, and Cher Leng Lee, with Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. In addition, the volume also includes seven papers that were not presented at the workshop. Six of the papers were contributed by graduates of the University of Arizona, and they touch on issues on second language acquisition, syntax, and language variation, with data from Korean, Spanish, Quechua and Chinese: Ellen Courtney, Hang Du, Paola Dussias, Kimberly Geeslin, Min-Joo Kim, and Enchao Shi. All together, these papers represent the immense influence Rudy has had on research in linguistics and language study. We are also glad to receive a contribution from Professor C.-C. Cheng, who became a close colleague of Rudy and his wife, Professor Muriel Saville-Troike, during their years of service at Urbana-Champaign. There are many others that we could have invited to the 2010 Workshop at Harvard, or to contribute to this volume. But space and time considerations have forced us to make somewhat arbitrary choices.
語言的興衰 The Rise and Fall of Languages
(1) 介紹比較歷史語言學正當的方法學。 (2) 提出「疾變平衡」模式這個創新的意念，用以解釋語言在過去十萬年甚至更長一段時間的發展。 (3) 強調現今語言學家所面臨的主要任務。在目前世界約四千種的語言中，大部分只有數萬、甚至只有數百名使用者。它們全都受到全球化的影響。正因如此，絕大多數的語言會在未來數百年間消失。現在最重要的事情，是受過訓練的語言學家必須對那些語言進行大規模沈浸式的田野調查，並提供綜合描述，以免太遲根本做不了。那些描述應該在「基本語言學理論」的框架內進行，這是過去數十年幾乎所有上佳語法描述採用的框架。
![語言資訊和語言類型[軟精裝]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/book/images/product/20252/2025214220103/2025214220103m.webp "語言資訊和語言類型[軟精裝]")
語言資訊和語言類型[軟精裝]
第四屆漢學會議語言學組論文集共收錄了10篇文章，涵蓋本次會議語言學組的主題演講、院士演講和分場論文，其中與「語言資源」相關的論文有4篇，與「語言類型」相關的論文有6篇。
![Comparative Phonology of the Central Xiang Dialects精裝]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/book/images/product/20152/2015216391338/2015216391338m.webp "Comparative Phonology of the Central Xiang Dialects精裝]")
Comparative Phonology of the Central Xiang Dialects精裝]
The Xiāng dialects comprise one of the major families of modern Sinitic languages. However, a number of modern linguists doubt that, as currently constituted, this group forms a valid taxonomic unit. In confronting this problem, the present work identifies twelve dialects, currently considered to be Xiāng, which can be associated with one another on the basis of a complex of shared innovations, vis-à-vis earlier common Chinese sound systems. This group of dialects, which clusters in the middle portion of the Xiāng-speaking area, is designated here as "Central Xiāng"; and its members are subjected to a comparative reconstructive analysis, resulting in a phonological proto-system, called "Common Central Xiāng". The book also examines related questions of demographic and migration history, together with possible historical connections between Central Xiāng and the Gàn family of dialects. It is suggested that Gàn and Central Xiāng may ultimately have belonged to a dialect continuum and that this possibility should be investigated in future studies.
![Mongolian Monuments in ’Phags－pa Script[精裝]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/book/images/product/20152/2015216391468/2015216391468m.webp "Mongolian Monuments in ’Phags－pa Script[精裝]")
Mongolian Monuments in ’Phags－pa Script[精裝]
The ’Phags-pa script represents one of the ancient scripts not only of Mongols but also of many oriental nations. When Khubilai Khan set up a great empire of Yuan dynasty in the 13th century, it comprised the Chinese, Jurchens, Mongols, Uighurs, Turks and Tibetans. The state policy of Khubilai Khan was directed to unify all these different people spoken by different languages and dialects through a new specific script that is able to serve equally to all of them. This new script is known as “’Phags-pa script” by the name of its creator. The ’Phags-pa script was in active use for about a hundred year during the Yuan period, and obviously with a collapse of the empire, it was pressed out of public use. Nonetheless, there are a great number of Chinese, Mongolian, Sanskrit and Tibetan sources on the subject of oriental cultures, histories and Buddhist literature written in ’Phags-pa script that has reached our days and attracts the attention of many scholars. Among them, the Mongolian sources written in ’Phags-pa script play a significant role being not only the monuments of Middle Mongolian language, but also being the precious documents of state policy, jurisdiction, Buddhism and many other issues of Yuan administration. The documents in ’Phags-pa script attracted the attention of many scholars starting at the end of the 19th century; the documents have began to be collected and studied in a form of inscriptions, manuscripts, xylographical fragments, and Paizi letters and etc. The first research and edition of Mongolian documents in ’Phags-pa script has been started by Russian scholar A. M. Pozdneyev, followed by M. Lewicki, N. Poppe, L. Ligeti, Junast and Hugjiltu, who contributed enormously to the studies on ’Phags-pa monuments. In this work, it is aimed to cover as full as possible the Mongolian monuments written in ’Phags-pa script, including the transliteration and transcription of about 70 sources. Also the references to this work with word-index, selected index Nominum, Mongol-English vocabulary, collection of phrases and expressions and bibliography are incorporated, therefore we hope that this work will contribute both, the studies on ’Phags-pa monuments and Mongol studies. My acknowledgement goes to the Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, for offering me a great chance to publish this work. Note: After completion of this manuscript, it is found that the photos of some unrevealed fragments of ’Phags-pa script documents are included in the Study on the Mongolian Documents Found at Qaraqota by Yoshida Junichi and Chimeddorji, as well as the article by Yo. Janchiv tackles some new ’Phags-pa script documents recently found in Mongolia.
