Sino-African Development Cooperation
Chapter 1: background and evolving features of Sino-African relationship.- Chapter 2: founding of Sino-African Cooperation Forum and the new era of Sino-African cooperation.- Chapter 3: global impact and future direction of Sino-African cooperation.- Chapter 4: the stage evolution of the China's Aid to Africa policy and its causes and effects.- Chapter 5: transformation of geopolitical situation in Africa and trilateral cooperation among China-Africa-western countries.- Chapter 6: adjustment and improvement of China's "going into Africa" Policy in post-crisis era.- Chapter 7 Sino-African cooperation relationship and construction of China's national soft power.- Chapter 8 NGOs in Africa and China's public diplomacy to Africa.- Chapter 9: African integration and China's policy on multilateral cooperation in Africa.
Local Governments’ Financial Vulnerability
Local Governments' Financial Vulnerability presents a conceptual framework developed to examine how vulnerable local finances were before and in the immediate aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis by mapping and systematising its dimensions and sources.
Decolonizing Human Rights
In his extensive body of work, Professor Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim challenges both historical interpretations of Islamic Sharia and neo-colonial understanding of human rights. To advance the rationale of scholarship for social change, An-Naim proposes advancing the universality of human rights through internal discourse within Islamic and African societies and cross-cultural dialogue among human cultures. This book proposes a transformation from human rights organized around a state determined practice to one that is focused on a people-centric approach that empowers individuals to decide how human rights will be understood and integrated into their communities. Decolonizing Human Rights aims to illustrate the decisive role of human agency on the subject of change, without implying that Islamic or any other society are exceptionally disposed to politically motivated violence and consequent profound political instability.
Urban Climate Adaptation and Mitigation
Uniquely focused on the contributions smart cities can make to climate change resilience, Urban Climate Adaptation and Mitigation offers evidence-based scientific solutions for improving cities' abilities to prepare for, recover from, and adapt to global climate-related events. Beginning with the observation of global environmental change, this book explores what sustainable smart projects are, how they are adopted and evaluated, and how they can address climate change challenges. It brings together a wide variety of disciplines such as planning, transportation, and waste management to address issues related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in cities.In general, many social science researchers lack cohesive, broad-based literature knowledge; Urban Climate Adaptation and Mitigation bridges this gap and informs different types of stakeholders on how they can enhance their preparation abilities to enable real-time responses and actions. Therefore, it is a valuable reference for researchers, professors, graduate students, city planners, and policy makers. Application-focused throughout, this book explores the complexities of urban systems and subsystems to support researchers, planners, and decision makers in their efforts toward developing more climate-resilient smart cities.
Decolonizing Human Rights
In his extensive body of work, Professor Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim challenges both historical interpretations of Islamic Sharia and neo-colonial understanding of human rights. To advance the rationale of scholarship for social change, An-Naim proposes advancing the universality of human rights through internal discourse within Islamic and African societies and cross-cultural dialogue among human cultures. This book proposes a transformation from human rights organized around a state determined practice to one that is focused on a people-centric approach that empowers individuals to decide how human rights will be understood and integrated into their communities. Decolonizing Human Rights aims to illustrate the decisive role of human agency on the subject of change, without implying that Islamic or any other society are exceptionally disposed to politically motivated violence and consequent profound political instability.
Does Inequality Matter?
The recovery after the COVID-19 crisis requires policies and reforms that tackle inequalities and promote equal opportunities. However, the implementation of such reforms requires widespread support from the public. To better understand what factors drive public support, this report provides a detailed cross-country analysis of people's perceptions of and concern over inequality.
Managing Security
This textbook is designed to be used by those tackling the complex and challenging issues of security sector reform (SSR). The questions of 'What is security?' and 'How can governments deliver it in the most efficient and effective manner?' are central to this volume. The text explores the ways in which security might be achieved, providing readers with the guiding principles of governance and management. Principles are illustrated through reference to the experiences of countries engaged in reform of their security institutions, allowing the reader to identify continuities and discontinuities in the process of change within the security sector. Written by practitioners for practitioners, the book provides readers with a framework with which to assess and respond to first-, second- and third-generation issues within SSR. All chapters include an introduction to the topic, empirical case studies, and exercises to encourage readers to reflect upon their own experiences of governing and managing security. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, defence management and defence policy, as well as to practitioners in the field of security management.
The Right to Science
That everyone has a human right to enjoy the benefits of the progress of science and its applications comes as a surprise to many. Nevertheless, this right is pertinent to numerous issues at the intersection of science and society: open access; 'dual use' science; access to ownership and dissemination of data, knowledge, methods and the affordances and applications thereof; as well as the role of international co-operation, human dignity and other human rights in relation to science and its products. As we advance towards superintelligence, quantum computing, drone swarms, and life-extension technology, serious policy decisions will be made at the national and international levels. The human right to science provides an ideal tool to do so, backed up as it is by international law, political heft, and normative weight. This book is the first sustained attempt at turning this wonder of foresight into an actionable and justiciable right. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
State-Owned Entities and Human Rights
The monograph focuses on the human rights challenges that are associated with the involvement of States in economic activities and on the role that international law has to play in addressing and understanding some of those challenges. State-owned entities are looked at through the lens of several topics of international law that have been found to hold particular relevance in this context, such as the concept of legal personality in international law, the process of normativity in international law, State immunity and State responsibility. The monograph shows how SOEs have had a significant role in shaping the evolution of international law and how, in turn, international law is currently shaping the evolution of State-owned entities. By focusing on State-owned or State-controlled business entities, rather than private corporations, the monograph aims to offer an alternative perspective on the challenges associated with corporations and human rights.
The Pro-Life Playbook
In a politically charged environment, the topic of abortion often sparks strong emotional responses. Friendships have been lost and family ties have been broken solely on the disagreement of this issue. Is there a possible resolution between Pro-life and Pro-choice advocates? Can we begin to understand each other? The Pro-life Playbook is an argument by argument counter to every mainstream Pro-choice talking point wrapped into one convenient, easy to read book. A useful resource for readers of all age groups and all political persuasions, this book provides a thorough breakdown of the principles surrounding the abortion debate and works to reach the climax of the discussion by finding the most scientifically justified definition of intrinsic value. Utilizing religion-free logical counters to the Pro-choice perspective, this book focuses on the scientific justification of the Pro-life viewpoint. As the political environment around the abortion debate continues to swirl, this book is your guide to a grounded and logical perspective. Jordan Groff is a lifelong pro-life advocate and has dedicated the past five years to expanding his research and knowledge on the science of abortion. He is focused on educating current and future generations about the intrinsic value of human life and would like this book to help other advocates begin their journey in fighting for the right to life for those that are the most helpless among us - the unborn.
Health at a Glance 2021
Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. This edition has a special focus on the health impact of COVID-19 in OECD countries, including deaths and illness caused by the virus, adverse effects on access and quality of care, and the growing burden of mental ill-health.
New Economics
In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the wall of Wittenberg church. He argued that the Church's internally consistent but absurd doctrines had pickled into a dogmatic structure of untruth. It was time for a Reformation. Half a millennium later, Steve Keen argues that economics needs its own Reformation. In Debunking Economics, he eviscerated an intellectual church - neoclassical economics - that systematically ignores its own empirical untruths and logical fallacies, and yet is still mysteriously worshipped by its scholarly high priests. In this book, he presents his Reformation: a New Economics, which tackles serious issues that today's economic priesthood ignores, such as money, energy and ecological sustainability. It gives us hope that we can save our economies from collapse and the planet from ecological catastrophe. Performing this task with his usual panache and wit, Steve Keen's new book is unmissable to anyone who has noticed that the economics Emperor is naked and would like him to put on some clothes.
The End of Policing
The best-selling bible of the movement to defund the police in an updated edition "Urgent, provocative, and timely, The End of Policing will make you question most of what you have been taught to believe about crime and how to solve it."--James Forman Jr., author of Locking Up Our Own The massive uprising that followed the police killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020-- by some estimates the largest protests in US history--thrust the argument to defund the police to the forefront of international politics. That case had been put persuasively a few years earlier in The End of Policing by Alex Vitale, now a leading figure in the urgent public discussion over policing and racial justice. The central problem, Vitale demonstrates, is the dramatic expansion of the police role over the last forty years. Drawing on firsthand research from across the globe, he shows how the implementation of alternatives to policing--such as drug legalization, regulation, and harm reduction instead of the policing of drugs--has led to reductions in crime, spending, and injustice. This updated edition includes a new introduction that takes stock of the renewed movement to challenge police impunity and shows how we move forward, evaluating protest, policy, and the political situation.
Society Building and Social Governance in China
Proceeding from the ideational and theoretical basis of the innovative Marxist concept of "society building", the book gives a detailed account on the recent achievements made by China in education, health and people's wellbeing, focusing on the tremendous achievement of building a socialist governance system with Chinese characteristics and strengthening and innovating social governance, unfolding the new ideas and strategies in society building and social governance in China since the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of China (2017).Readers will find numerous facts about today's China including COVID-19 pandemic governance and an unpretentious and fairly objective assessment of the modernization drive at an unprecedented pace in human history towards a prosperous society in all respects, and the socio-political structures that underpin and interact with this drive. It will be of interest to academics, professionals, students and the general public seeking a comprehensive understanding of China.Another salient feature of the book is the several show cases and oral stories that epitomize the new height of the prevention and control system for social security in China: the "Xicheng Aunties", the SWAT Corps of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, the "Chaoyang Masses", the Command Hall of the Traffic Administration Bureau, the "Pharaohs", the Shuangyushu Fire Brigade, the Beixinqiao Police Station and the On-Duty Office of Network Security, Fengheying Checkpoint into Beijing...
Quest for Inclusive Growth in Bangladesh
This book offers a selection of intensely researched essays focused on the critical planning objectives and policy priorities that would enhance the promotion of inclusive growth in a developing country. It has taken Bangladesh as the case study. It argues for rethinking of traditional policies and provides arguments and ways to reorient these toward inclusive growth and better social inclusion. These involve a dedicated focus on employment and inclusion in the design of monetary and fiscal policies, trade and industrial policies, policies toward rural non-farm employment, social protection and safety net strategy and the nature of institutional and governance reforms which are imperative for ensuring inclusive growth. The studies included in the book were prepared before or at the onset of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the unfolding economic crisis; yet they provide cursory observations on its likely impact, and underscore how the stated principles and policies of an inclusive growth strategy have become even more significant in the present situation. Bangladesh has been growing respectably during the past decade and a half and has arguably shown strong progress in several social indicators. However, inequality and vulnerability are rising alarmingly, and the economy is beset with high levels of corruption, as well as with various other governance deficits that can adversely affect future growth and social inclusion. The book provides a critical assessment of how far growth in Bangladesh has been inclusive, both over time, and in comparison to selected South and Southeast Asian countries. It constructs a specific 'inclusive growth index' with reference to what the study considers as the significant goals and pillars of inclusive growth. Bangladesh is not the only developing country that is faced with the arduous task of tackling unbalanced economic growth and of implementing the 2030 Agenda. Rising vulnerability, inequality, disappointing job growth and poor governance are also major challenges to inclusive growth for many countries in the Global South. Therefore, the appeal of this book extends well beyond the borders of Bangladesh and the South Asian region. Corresponding to SDG 8, the book is aimed at academia, researchers, policymakers, civil society leaders as well as other national and international development practitioners with an avid interest in issues concerning growth with equity, and in sync with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In addition, the book is a valuable resource for interested students of disciplines related to economics and development policy.
Disordered Violence
Disordered Violence looks at how gender, race, and heteronormative expectations of public life shape Western understandings of terrorism as irrational, immoral and illegitimate. Caron Gentry examines the profiles of 8 well-known terrorist actors, including Andreas Baader, Bernardine Dohrn, Leila Khaled, Dhanu, Anders Breivik, Nidal Hasan and Aafia Siddiqui. Gentry looks for gendered, racial, and sexualised assumptions in how their stories are told. Additionally, she interrogates how the current counterterrorism focus upon radicalisation is another way of constructing terrorists outside of the Western ideal. Finally, the book argues that mainstream Terrorism Studies must contend with the growing misogynist and racialised violence against women.
Periphery and Small Ones Matter
This open access book analyzes the dualism and inequality insofar as how it is manifested in interregional disparity and small enterprises. Using the case of Indonesia, the author considers how the general direction of policy should be to mitigate the effects of agglomeration forces leading towards concentration, and exploit the same forces by encouraging small businesses to operate in a cluster for collective action. The book addresses these issues by focusing on the role of interactions between policies and institutions, of which social capital is an important part. This is an open access book.
Buying and Selling the Poor
Buying and Selling the Poor ventures behind the scenes of the multibillion-dollar welfare-to-work system, offering new insights into how Australia responds to unemployment and disadvantage. As the authors tell the story of four local employment offices, they paint a vivid picture of a critically important social service which many people are aware of but which few properly understand. They also reveal the wider impacts that processes of marketisation and welfare reform have had on these frontline services over decades, and how the work of frontline staff and service providers has been transformed.Buying and Selling the Poor looks closely at how these services operate, why some succeed where others fail, and what can be learned from the stories of staff and clients who have navigated the system. Three decades into this market experiment, how well are we doing in supporting our most vulnerable citizens to get back to work?'This revealing, often heart-wrenching work will prove enlightening for not only those within the policy field, but also anyone with an interest in or experience dealing with a system that often feels like a race to the bottom.'- Kim Thomson, Books+Publishing
Making Sense of the Multilevel Governance of Migration
This book examines the nexus between City Networks, multilevel governance and migration policy. Examining several City Networks operating in the European Union and the United States of America's multilevel political settings, it brings migration research into conversation with both policy studies and political science. One of the first comparative studies of City Networks and migration, the book argues that multilevel governance is the result of a contingent process of converging interests and views between leaders in network organisations and national governments, the latter continuing to play a key gatekeeping role on this topical issue even in the supranational EU system.
Work and Migration
The purpose of this edited book is to look at work and migration from multiple viewpoints and illuminate challenges faced by immigrants in the labour markets around the world. It takes an approach that listens to the voices of different migrant groups in different countries, based mostly on qualitative research. In addition to the main themes of discussion centred on labour markets, this book also makes reference to a wide range of discussion topics which often intersect with employment, labour markets and the work experience of migrants. These include themes such as migrant integration, remittance transfers, relations established and maintained with home countries, legal and institutional arrangements and policy making processes in the host countries, through the concepts of employment and work. The chapters highlight immigrants' experiences both theoretically and empirically in the contributions around the world."This book, which includes the experiences of specific groups like qualified, unskilled, and female migrants, makes reference to a wide range of discussion topics such as migrant integration, remittance transfers, relations established and maintained with home countries, legal and institutional arrangements and policy making processes in the host countries, through the concepts of employment and work."ContentsINTRODUCTION - Elli Heikkil瓣 and Fethiye TilbeLABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION OF IMMIGRANTS AND CHALLENGES IN FINLAND - Elli Heikkil瓣FORCED MIGRANT'S SENSE OF PLACE: THE CASE OF SYRIAN REFUGEE-WORKERS IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY - Basem MahmudSYRIAN REFUGEE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DIFFERENTIATED INTEGRATION IN THE DISTRICTS OF HATAY, TURKEY - Olgu KaranETHIOPIAN-ISRAELI WOMEN IN ACADEMIA: A GENDER EQUALITY PLAN, IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CHANGE PROJECT - Adi Binhas and Hana HimiWORK LIVES OF SKILLED FEMALE IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES - Harika SuklunHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND SKILLED IMMIGRANTS LABOUR MARKET EXPERIENCES IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN OVERVIEW - Sikanyiso Masuku and Sizo NkalaIMMIGRANTS IN SKILLED OCCUPATIONS IN BRAZIL: ASSESSING THE FACTORS IMPACTING WAGES - Renan Gadoni CanaanCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION, INDIVIDUAL AUTONOMY, AND SANCTION IN TARGETING BENEFITS FOR THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS' WORK PROMOTION IN AUSTRIA, FINLAND, AND CZECH REPUBLIC - Eddy Bruno EsienCONTRIBUTORS TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS: THE CASE OF THAI MIGRANTS IN ISRAEL - Parkpoom KuanvinitTHE "UNSEEN" IN MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES: THE CASE OF SOUTH ASIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN CAMERON HIGHLANDS, MALAYSIA - Prakash Arunasalam and Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam
The Contestation of Expertise in the European Union
This book examines the position and role of expertise in European policy-making and governance. At a time when the very notion of expertise and expert advice is increasingly losing authority, the book addresses these challenges by empirically examining specific administrative processes and institutional designs in the European Union. The first part of the volume theorizes expertise and its contestation by examining accounts of the legitimate institutional design of knowledge production processes and exploring the theoretical links of Europeanisation and expertise. The second part of the book delves into empirical institutionalist accounts of expertise and maps the role of experts in a variety of EU institutions but also explains the implications when EU bodies themselves are in an 'expert' position, such as agencies. The book offers insights into how individual experts deal with the challenge of producing reports that will be heard by policy-makers, while at the same time preserving their independence. Broadening its scope, the book then expands the analysis to the role of advisory committees in light of the shift from a reliance primarily on in-house expertise to including more external experts in advisory groups in the European Commission and European Parliament as well as at the European External Action. In the third part, the book opens the lens to developments beyond the EU by taking into account two highly pertinent fields: climate change and trade. These fields are highly complex, fast-developing, and politicised issues, and the book engages with them in order to provide an outside-in perspective on expertise.Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Avoiding the Terrorist Trap
For more than 150 years, nationalist, populist, Marxist and religious terrorists have all been remarkably consistent and explicit about their aims: provoke states into over-reacting to the threat they pose, then take advantage of the divisions in society that result. Yet, state after state falls into the trap that terrorists have set for them.Faced with a major terrorist threat, governments seem to reach instinctively for the most coercive tools at their disposal and, in doing so, risk exacerbating the situation. This policy response seems to be driven in equal parts by a lack of understanding in the true nature of the threat, an exaggerated faith in the use of force, and a lack of faith that democratic values are sufficiently flexible to allow for an effective counter-terrorism response.Drawing on a wealth of data from both historical and contemporary sources, Avoiding the Terrorist Trap addresses common misconceptions underpinning flawed counter-terrorist policies, identifies the core strategies that guide terrorist operations, consolidates the latest research on the underlying drivers of terrorist violence, and then demonstrates why a counter-terrorism strategy grounded in respect for human rights and the rule of law is the most effective approach to defeating terrorism.
Righteous Might
Make Your Message ResonateFor far too long, the radical right has controlled messaging for elections big and small in many right-leaning battleground states where Democrats regularly face challenges. This book provides some steps to assist you in combating that unacceptable norm and will help you identify simple and strategic ways to make your message resonate across the political spectrum. I hope that no matter your position with your state party (chairperson, employee, or volunteer) you use the advice offered in the following pages to support your efforts.- Kelly Paisley, former Arizona Democratic Party Chief of Staff
The Inheritance
Exploring how the U.S. military can move beyond Iraq and AfghanistanSince the September 11, 2001, attacks, the U.S. military has been fighting incessantly in conflicts around the globe, often with inconclusive results. The legacies of these conflicts have serious implications for how the United States will wage war in the future. Yet there is a stunning lack of introspection about these conflicts.Never in modern U.S. history has the military been at war for so long. And never in U.S. history have such long wars demanded so much of so few. The legacy of wars without end include a military that feels the painful effects of war but often feels alone. The public is less connected to the military now than at any point in modern U.S. history. The national security apparatus seeks to pivot away from these engagements and to move on to the next threats--notably those emanating from China and Russia. Many young Americans question whether it even makes sense to invest in the military. At best, there are ad hoc, unstructured debates about Iraq or Afghanistan. Simply put, there has been no serious, organized stock-taking by the public, politicians, opinion leaders, or the military itself of this inheritance.Despite being at war for the longest continuous period in its history, the military is woefully unprepared for future wars. But the United States cannot simply hit the reset button. This book explores this inheritance by examining how nearly two decades of war have influenced civil-military relations, how the military goes to war, how the military wages war, who leads the military and who serves in it, how the military thinks about war, and above all, the enduring impact of these wars on those who waged them. If the U.S. military seeks to win in the future, it must acknowledge and reconcile with the inheritance of its long and inconclusive wars. This book seeks to help them do so.
The Circular Economy in Glasgow, United Kingdom
The transition to a circular economy in Glasgow is part of a broader journey of the city aiming to transition from being one of the greatest industrial places in the world back in the 19th century, to becoming a carbon-neutral city by 2030. The 2020 Glasgow Circular Economy Route Map seeks to enable a system where people can access local jobs and where green business practices contribute to achieving zero carbon goals.
Jihadist Tendencies and Global Terrorism on Soft Targets
Saron Messembe Obia holds an MSc in Security Studies and a PGD in Criminology and Security Management from the Pan African Institute for Development- West Africa (PAID-WA), Buea, Cameroon and a counter-terrorism analyst for the Islamic Theology of Counter-Terrorism, United Kingdom (ITCT, UK) and author of 'The Criminal Mind in The Age of Globalization'.
Jihadist Tendencies and Global Terrorism on Soft Targets
This book explores the origin of jihad, terrorism, and global challenges from the West to Africa. It examines the 19th-century jihad in West Africa as a religious movement prone to respect of Islam. An example is the Sokoto Caliphate in Northern Nigeria in 1804, in which many Nigerians were granted scholarships to study abroad, which strengthened and united the community at the time. Peace and security are strategic issues that defines collective security at the African Union, European Union and United Nations. The attack on the United States of America, changed the definition of jihad, from the culture of the military machine, to respond to new security menace. Coordinated attacks in Europe, as in the West, provide adequate reason that, 21st century is an era of sectarian movements, violent extremism, jihadist tendencies and global terrorism. This work further analyzes criminal activities related to global security challenges in the 21st century. It explores contemporary threats and soft target attacks, modus operandi, terrorist cells in Africa and Europe. It equally out pins the impact of social media in relation to global security challenges by analyzing incidents on mega sporting events and business centres. Several theories and counter-terrorism techniques have been analyzed, for proper understanding of the menace posed by terrorist organizations, when hosting mega-events in the 21st century. However, the Russian grand strategy, is discussed as one of the best approaches for combating jihadist tendencies and global terrorism in the 21st century.
Guardians of Public Value
This open access book presents case studies of twelve organisations which the public have come to view as institutions. From the BBC to Doctors Without Borders, from the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra to CERN, this volume examines how some organisations rise to prominence and remain in high public esteem through changing and challenging times. It builds upon the scholarly tradition of institutional scholarship pioneered by Philip Selznick, and highlights common themes in the stories of these highly diverse organizations; demonstrating how leadership, learning, and luck all play a role in becoming and remaining an institution. This case study format makes this volume ideal for classroom use and practitioners alike. In an era where public institutions are increasingly under threat, this volume offers concrete lessons for contemporary organisation leaders.
Aspects of the Energy Union
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of some of the most critical issues regarding the EU's Energy Union policy. Applied European energy policies face a number of challenges ranging from the geopolitics of energy and energy regulation, to climate change, advancing renewable and gas technologies, and consumer empowerment structures. This book takes a multi-dimensional look into some of these vital issues regarding the European energy sector with a special focus on the effects the Energy Union policy has in two sensitive regional systems, Southeastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean.Energy, being by definition a multi-disciplinary field, presents a challenge for readers of any specific disciplinary background that need to grasp an overall understanding of the various aspects of this exciting sector. This book's objective is to offer the opportunity for readers to get a quality, hands-on overview of the Energy Union by the professionals and academics that interact with it on a daily basis.
Money Matters in Migration
Migration, participation, and citizenship, are central political and social concerns, are deeply affected by money. The role of money - tangible, intangible, conceptual, and as a policy tool - is understudied, overlooked, and analytically underdeveloped. For sending and receiving societies, migrants, their families, employers, NGOs, or private institutions, money defines the border, inclusion or exclusion, opportunity structures, and equality or the lack thereof. Through the analytical lens of money, the chapters in this book expose hidden and sometimes contradictory policy objectives, unwanted consequences, and inconsistent regulatory structures. The authors from a range of fields provide multiple perspectives on how money shapes decisions from all actors in migration trajectories, from micro to macro level. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the book draws on case studies from Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. This comprehensive overview brings to light the deep global impacts money has on migration and citizenship.
Cardinal Pell, the Media Pile-On & Collective Guilt
"...It is evident that there is a possibility that an innocent person has been convicted because the evidence did not establish guilt to the requisite standard of proof."- Chief Justice Susan Kiefel, High Court of Australia quoting from the judgment of all seven judges of the High Court - Chief Justice Susan Kiefel and Justices Virginia Bell, Stephen Gageler, Patrick Keane, Geoffrey Nettle, Michelle Gordon and James Edelman in George Pell v The Queen, 7 April 2020***The trial, retrial and conviction for historical child sexual assault of Cardinal George Pell, the Prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy at the Holy See in Rome, gained international attention. In April 2020, in a remarkable unanimous decision, the High Court of Australia quashed the conviction.Gerard Henderson BA (Hons) LLB, PhD is executive director of The Sydney Institute - a forum for debate and discussion which enjoys good relations with both sides of Australian politics. He is a columnist for the Weekend Australian and writes the weekly Media Watch Dog blog. Gerard Henderson presented the ABC TV Four Corners program on former Australian Labor prime minister Bob Hawke in August 1994 and was a panellist on the ABC TV Insiders program between 2002 and 2019. His books include Australian Answers, Menzies' Child: The Liberal Party of Australia and Santamaria: A Most Unusual Man.
Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior
This open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual's GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally.
Civil Warriors
A landmark narrative of an epic legal battle, Civil Warriors is the gripping behind-the-scenes account of how one tenacious lawyer led the charge against the titans of the tobacco industry. Drawing on five years of eyewitness reporting, thousands of pages of internal documents, and riveting firsthand stories of plaintiffs, lawyers, jurors, and scientists, Civil Warriors weaves the compelling story of attorney Ron Motley, who, along with other die-hard lawyers, scientists, and tobacco-busters, fought tirelessly to bring the tobacco industry to justice. Taking us onto the front lines of Motley's crusade, investigative journalist Dan Zegart follows the attorney to a dangerous underworld where maverick scientists and corporate whistle-blowers step from the shadows to reveal the truth behind the industry "spin." We meet the unforgettable cast of characters that draw Motley on toward his goals ... the mysterious ex-Reynolds employee known as "Deep Cough," who told where evidence on nicotine-laced tobacco was hidden ... the researchers who proved the addictive nature of nicotine -- and were advised by the FBI to check their cars for bombs every morning. And we witness how Ron Motley led his quest for truth, justice, and hundred-billion-dollar awards ... to penetrate, finally, the "control room of the conspiracy," an inner circle of lawyers who protected tobacco for thirty years. Civil Warriors is at once a grand adventure and a towering work of investigative journalism -- an eye-opening report on the way justice really works in America today.
Arguing A.I.
Few scientific topics since the theory of biological evolution have inspired as much controversy as artificial intelligence has. Even now, fifty years after the term first made its appearance in academic journals, many philosophers and more than a few prominent scientists and software programmers dismiss the pursuit of thinking machines as the modern-day equivalent of medieval alchemists' hunt for the philosopher's stone-a pursuit based more on faith than on skeptical inquiry. In Arguing A.I., journalist Sam Williams charts both the history of artificial intelligence from its scientific and philosophical roots and the history of the A.I. debate. He examines how and why the tenor of the debate has changed over the last half-decade in particular, as scientists are struggling to take into account the latest breakthroughs in computer science, information technology, and human biology. For every voice predicting machines like 2001's HAL within the next twenty to thirty years, others have emerged with more pessimistic forecasts. From artificial intelligence's pioneers John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, to futurist authors Ray Kurzweil and Hans Moravec, to software architects Bill Joy and Jaron Lanier, Arguing A.I. introduces readers to the people participating in the current debate, both proponents and critics of A.I. who are changing the way computers "think" and the way we think about computers. Ultimately, Arguing A.I. is as much a history of thought as it is a history of science. Williams notes that many of the questions plaguing modern scientists and software programmers are the same questions that have concerned scientists and philosophers since time immemorial: What are the fundamental limitations of science and scientific inquiry? What is the nature of intelligence? And, most important, what does it really mean to be human?
Can Blockchain Solve the Hold-Up Problem in Contracts?
A vexing problem in contract law is modification. Two parties sign a contract but before they fully perform, they modify the contract. Should courts enforce the modified agreement? A private remedy is for the parties to write a contract that is robust to hold-up or that makes the facts relevant to modification verifiable. Provisions accomplishing these ends are renegotiation-design and revelation mechanisms. But implementing them requires commitment power. Conventional contract technologies to ensure commitment - liquidated damages - are disfavored by courts and themselves subject to renegotiation. Smart contracts written on blockchain ledgers offer a solution. We explain the basic economics and legal relevance of these technologies, and we argue that they can implement liquidated damages without courts. We address the hurdles courts may impose to use of smart contracts on blockchain and show that sophisticated parties' ex ante commitment to them may lead courts to allow their use as pre-commitment devices.
Re-Invigorating Ubuntu Through Water
This book argues for the existence of a court enforceable human right to water that is implied from the right to life in Article 6 of the Namibian Constitution.The book builds this argument by using tools of constitutional interpretation and with the aid of comparative materials. As such, the African value of ubuntu is invoked. Ubuntu - which is legally developed through its four key principles of community, interdependence, dignity and solidarity - is anchored in a novel approach to Namibian constitutional interpretation that is conceptualised as 're-invigorative constitutionalism'. The book advances the 'AQuA' (adequacy - quality - accessibility) content of water and articulates the correlative duties within the context of the respect - protect - fulfil trilogy, which are duties imposed upon the Namibian state as the primary duty bearer for a right to water. These duties include irreducible essential content duties that are argued to be immediate when compared to general obligations. In giving substance to duties that flow from a right to water, international law interpretative resources are also relied upon, including General Comment No 15 by the United Nations Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights, the African Commission's Principles and Guidelines on Social and Economic Rights, and the World Health Organisation's Drinking-water Quality Guidelines. Moreover, the book addresses various justiciability concerns that may arise, arguing that Namibian courts are institutionally competent and legitimate in enforcing right to water claims through the application of the bounded deliberation model. Additionally, because the Principles of State Policy in Article 95 of the Namibian Constitution are rendered court unenforceable by Article 101, the argument is made that this does not undermine the claim that a right to water, anchored in the right to life, can be enforced through the courts.- Dr Ndjodi NdeunyemaModern Law Review Early Career Research Fellow, University of Oxford.
Party, Politics, and the Post-9/11 Army
*This book is in the Rapid Communications in Conflict and Security (RCCS) Series (General Editor: Dr. Geoffrey R.H. Burn).Throughout the existence of the All-Volunteer Force, but chiefly since the 1990s, the military has faced charges of growing politicization.During periods of heightened partisan polarization-and the inevitable civil-military relations turmoil that ensues-such charges tend to be asserted more frequently, even if the term and what it might constitute remains vague.While civilian political leaders on both sides of the aisle arguably bear much of the responsibility for any politicization of the armed forces, this book examines the extent to which those in uniform may have contributed to its gradual politicization and the erosion of the military's nonpartisan ethic.Drawing upon original survey research of active-duty US Army officers conducted at various junctures over the past decade, this book explores the partisan and political attitudes of the officer corps. It examines the types of political activities officers engage in-including their expressed opinions on politics on social media-and whether such activities are in keeping with the norm of nonpartisanship and Department of Defense directives that govern political behavior. This data-rich volume includes more than 40 tables presenting helpful snapshots of information.The book also explores how active-duty officers view politically outspoken retired flag officers, including whether the norm of nonpartisanship should extend into retirement. In addition, the book examines critical issues such as the impact of partisan political attitudes of officers on their views of civil-military relations, the roles senior military leaders and civilian policymakers should play during wartime, and the institution of the armed forces itself.This book closes with recommendations for policymakers, along with an invaluable teaching resource for those in uniform today-a practical guide for how commanders can instill the nonpartisan ethic at the unit level, complete with recommended readings and proposed discussion questions. Given the scant attention paid to civil-military relations in formal professional military education settings, this guide is a helpful and valuable reminder that norms in any institution are only maintained through careful, continuous teaching and reinforcement.Party, Politics, and the Post-9/11 Army is an important resource for military professionals and scholars and practitioners of civil-military relations, including senior military leaders and defense department officials. This book will be especially valuable for students enrolled in professional military education, particularly those attending senior service colleges, as well as students (both military and civilian) taking undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in national security studies.
Party, Politics, and the Post-9/11 Army
*This book is in the Rapid Communications in Conflict and Security (RCCS) Series (General Editor: Dr. Geoffrey R.H. Burn).Throughout the existence of the All-Volunteer Force, but chiefly since the 1990s, the military has faced charges of growing politicization.During periods of heightened partisan polarization-and the inevitable civil-military relations turmoil that ensues-such charges tend to be asserted more frequently, even if the term and what it might constitute remains vague.While civilian political leaders on both sides of the aisle arguably bear much of the responsibility for any politicization of the armed forces, this book examines the extent to which those in uniform may have contributed to its gradual politicization and the erosion of the military's nonpartisan ethic.Drawing upon original survey research of active-duty US Army officers conducted at various junctures over the past decade, this book explores the partisan and political attitudes of the officer corps. It examines the types of political activities officers engage in-including their expressed opinions on politics on social media-and whether such activities are in keeping with the norm of nonpartisanship and Department of Defense directives that govern political behavior. This data-rich volume includes more than 40 tables presenting helpful snapshots of information.The book also explores how active-duty officers view politically outspoken retired flag officers, including whether the norm of nonpartisanship should extend into retirement. In addition, the book examines critical issues such as the impact of partisan political attitudes of officers on their views of civil-military relations, the roles senior military leaders and civilian policymakers should play during wartime, and the institution of the armed forces itself.This book closes with recommendations for policymakers, along with an invaluable teaching resource for those in uniform today-a practical guide for how commanders can instill the nonpartisan ethic at the unit level, complete with recommended readings and proposed discussion questions. Given the scant attention paid to civil-military relations in formal professional military education settings, this guide is a helpful and valuable reminder that norms in any institution are only maintained through careful, continuous teaching and reinforcement.Party, Politics, and the Post-9/11 Army is an important resource for military professionals and scholars and practitioners of civil-military relations, including senior military leaders and defense department officials. This book will be especially valuable for students enrolled in professional military education, particularly those attending senior service colleges, as well as students (both military and civilian) taking undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in national security studies.
Youth Identity, Politics and Change in Contemporary Kurdistan
Today's youth are challenging the older political class around the world and are forming new political generations. Examples from South Africa and elsewhere where peace processes were deemed to be successful show signs of youth disapproval of the current post-conflict conditions. Moreover, the Arab Spring witnessed numerous youth movements emerge in authoritarian and illiberal contexts. This book was prepared in light of these discussions and aims to contribute to these ongoing debates on youth politics by presenting the situation of youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) as a case study. It will be the first book that specifically focuses on the Iraqi Kurdish youth and their political, social, and economic participation in Kurdistan.The contemporary history of the KRI is marked by conflict, war, and ethnic cleansing under Saddam Hussein and the tyranny of the Ba'ath regime, significantly affecting the political situation of the Kurds in the Middle East. Most of the recent academic literature has focused on the broader picture or, in other words, the macro politics of the Kurdish conundrum within Iraq and beyond. There is little scholarship about the Kurdish population and their socio-economic conditions after 2003, and almost none about the younger generation of Kurds who came of age during autonomous Kurdish rule. This is a generation that, unlike their forebears, has no direct memory of the decades-long campaigns of repression. Studying and examining the rise of this generation of Kurdish young millennials-"Generation 2000"-who came of age in the aftermath of the United States invasion of Iraq offers a unique approach to understand the dynamics in a region that underwent a substantial socio-political transformation after 2003 as well as the impact of these developments on the youth population. Pursuing different themes and lines of inquiry the contributors of the book analyze the challenges and opportunities for young men and women to fulfil their needs and desires, and contribute to the ongoing quest for nationhood and nation-building."In this book, our aim is to bring together a variety of perspectives from local and foreign academics who have been working on pressing issues in Kurdistan and beyond. The chapters focus on an array of themes, particularly including political participation, political situation and change, religiosity, and extremism. ... Taken together, the chapters provide us with an introduction to youth politics in Kurdistan. This book is just the first attempt to open academic and nonacademic debate on this subject at a time when protests around youth-related issues are becoming a more prevalent method of political engagement in the region. Our hope is that more research follows and supplements what has not been addressed in this book, especially through the introduction of first-hand youth perspectives to the core of this analysis and giving them a voice in nonviolent platforms."
Open Federalism Revisited
Regional dynamics and federalism lie at the heart of Canadian politics. In Open Federalism Revisited, James Farney, Julie M. Simmons, and a diverse group of contributors examine the legacy of Prime Minister Stephen Harper in areas of public policy, political institutions, and cultural and economic development. This volume examines how these areas significantly affected the balance between shared rule and self-rule in Canada's federation and how broader changes in the balance between the country's regions affected institutional arrangements. Open Federalism Revisited engages with four questions: 1) Did the Harper government succeed in changing Canadian federalism in the way his initial promise of open federalism suggests he wanted to? 2) How big was the difference between the change Harper's government envisioned and what it actually achieved? 3) Was the Harper government's approach substantially different from that of previous governments? and 4) Given that Harper's legacy is one of mostly incremental change, why was his ability to change the system so relatively minor?With attention to such topics as political culture, the role of political parties in regional integration, immigration policy, environmental policy, and health care, Open Federalism Revisited evaluates exactly how much changed under a prime minister who came into office with a clear desire to steer Canada back towards an older vision of federalism.
Aging and Social Policy in the United States
Aging and Social Policy in the United States guides students through an exploration of social policies and policymaking that address the needs of older adults and their families. It situates the experiences of older adults in the context of their environment, examining social welfare policies that affect the rights and interests of older adults. The book begins with an introductory unit, providing a foundation for the book, defining key terms, describing how to analyze the impacts of a policy on a population, and examining the ways in which policy is positioned within societal assumptions. Utilizing the life course perspective, the middle three units of this book situate individual biological and psychological challenges of aging in the context of how they are addressed by individuals, families, and societies, identifying the strengths and challenges of existing and proposed social policies at each of these levels. The concluding unit provides comparative insights as to how aging issues are addressed in a sample of countries around the world. Aging and Social Policy in the United States provides undergraduate and graduate students with critical knowledge and perspectives on the complexities of addressing the needs of an aging population.
Social Value in Public Policy
This book considers the role of social value in the making and implementation of public policy, taking into account how concepts such as subjective well-being (SWB) can be used to measure the expected impact of enacted policies. It argues that there is no evidence that markets have contributed to greater well-being, and that moments of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, represent an opportunity to re-orientate policymaking and policy implementation away from those which favour markets, and towards those which place subjective well-being at their core. Following this premise, the author explores the elements that should be considered in a future society that prioritises social value.
Fitter Minds, Fitter Jobs
A series of reviews of mental health and work policies in selected OECD countries revealed the challenge of mental health for social and labour market outcomes and policies and the high costs of the continued stigmatisation of mental health for individuals, employers and societies. To better respond to this challenge, in early 2016 health and employment ministers from the 38 OECD countries endorsed a Recommendation of the Council on Integrated Mental Health, Skills, and Work Policy.
How to Travel
There are about 43 million persons in the USA with someform of disability. Many of these people are concernedthat they may not be able to enjoy the same activities, such as travel, that people without a disability do. Thisbook is written as a guidebook to your rights and willpresent information on how to travel to accommodatevarious disabilities.Prior to 1986, little or no attention was paid to a personwith a disability who wanted to travel. Since 1986, twoacts have been passed by the Congress of the UnitedStates mandating that travel should be made equallyavailable to all persons, disabled or not.The first act, the Air Carriers Access Act (ACAA), passed in 1986, defined what air carriers and airports must do to make aircraft and airports accessible to persons with disabilities.The second act, the Americans With Disabilities Act(ADA) of 1990, defined, among its many regulations, what public transportation and accommodations must offer to make their facilities accessible to persons with disabilities.The Act also states that facilities must be madeaccessible if it is not too difficult or expensive. The ADAdoes not mandate that the facilities be made usable.Fred Rosen has systematically defined rights and precautions to make traveling with a disability more accessible, affordable, and sa
A Handbook for Wellbeing Policy-Making
This is an open access title. It is available to read and download as a free PDF version on the Oxford Academic platform. It is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International licence. Around the world, governments are starting to directly measure the subjective wellbeing of their citizens and to use it for policy evaluation and appraisal. What would happen if a country were to move from using GDP to using subjective wellbeing as the primary metric for measuring economic and societal progress? Would policy priorities change? Would we continue to care about economic growth? What role would different government institutions play in such a scenario? And, most importantly, how could this be implemented in daily practice, for example in policy evaluations and appraisals of government analysts, or in political agenda-setting at the top level? This volume provides answers to these questions from a conceptual to technical level, by showing how direct measures of subjective wellbeing can be used for policy evaluation and appraisal, either complementary in the short-run or even entirely in the long-run. It gives a brief history of the idea that governments should care about the happiness of their citizens, provides theories, makes suggestions for direct measurement, derives technical standards and makes suggestions on how to conduct wellbeing cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses, and gives examples of how real-world policy evaluations and appraisals would change if they were based on subjective wellbeing. In doing so, it serves the growing interest of governments as well as non-governmental and international organisations in how to put subjective wellbeing metrics into policy practice.
Twelve Ways to Save Democracy in Wisconsin
Wisconsin, once a progressive stronghold led by Robert La Follette and others, inaugurated far-reaching reforms that broadened public involvement in civic affairs. A wave of innovative social programs aimed at making the state more egalitarian followed. In recent decades, however, the Badger State has become a laboratory for antidemocratic maneuvers that have increased the political influence of the super-rich and corporations while decreasing the power of voters. From tightening campaign finance laws and banning gerrymandering to rooting out structural racism and moving toward economic equality, each chapter focuses on one of the dozen reforms that are required to heal democracy within the state. Rothschild provides an in-depth rationale for each, dismantling the counterarguments against them and exploring the complexities involved in implementing them. He offers concrete proposals and action items for grassroots organizers and concerned community advocates to restore constituent control of state politics. This pocket-sized handbook is essential for politically aware citizens as well as journalists and watchdogs who see Wisconsin as a crucial battleground state and political bellwether for the nation.
Economic Poisoning, 8
The toxicity of pesticides to the environment and humans is often framed as an unfortunate effect of their benefits to agricultural production. In Economic Poisoning, Adam M. Romero upends this narrative and provides a fascinating new history of pesticides in American industrial agriculture prior to World War II. Through impeccable archival research, Romero reveals the ways in which late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American agriculture, especially in California, functioned less as a market for novel pest-killing chemical products and more as a sink for the accumulating toxic wastes of mining, oil production, and chemical manufacturing. Connecting farming ecosystems to technology and the economy, Romero provides an intriguing reconceptualization of pesticides that forces readers to rethink assumptions about food, industry, and the relationship between human and nonhuman environments.
The Return of Berlusconi
In 2001, for the first time in the history of the Italian Republic, an opposition replaced the incumbent government as a consequence of an electoral victory. In the May General Election, the center-left government was ousted and a new right-right majority came into office. It would be premature to suggest that this election represents the birth of a new Italian political system, one that will be based on an ongoing alternation in government between two coalitions and a realignment of voters and parties. Nevertheless, the second Berlusconi government - aside from the various political judgments of it - undoubtedly constitutes an institutional and political novelty. This is not just because the left-left proved unable, in the election campaign, to exploit its achievements in office when confronted with someone with undoubted (if controversial) abilities, but also because of the likely impact of the new government on policy making and Italy's economic, social and international trajectory. This edition of Italian Politics evaluates the 2001 election and impact and analyzes the electoral success of the right, the election campaign, the crisis of the left-left after the defeat, and the composition of the new parliament.
