Hybrid Warfare
This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Hybrid Warfare refers to a military strategy that blends conventional warfare, so-called 'irregular warfare' and cyber-attacks with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy and foreign political intervention. As Hybrid Warfare becomes increasingly commonplace, there is an imminent need for research bringing attention to how these challenges can be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive approach towards Hybrid Threats and Hybrid Warfare. This volume supports the development of such an approach by bringing together practitioners and scholarly perspectives on the topic and by covering the threats themselves, as well as the tools and means to counter them, together with a number of real-world case studies. The book covers numerous aspects of current Hybrid Warfare discourses including a discussion of the perspectives of key western actors such as NATO, the US and the EU; an analysis of Russia and China's Hybrid Warfare capabilities; and the growing threat of cyberwarfare. A range of global case studies - featuring specific examples from the Baltics, Taiwan, Ukraine, Iran and Catalonia - are drawn upon to demonstrate the employment of Hybrid Warfare tactics and how they have been countered in practice. Finally, the editors propose a new method through which to understand the dynamics of Hybrid Threats, Warfare and their countermeasures, termed the 'Hybridity Blizzard Model'. With a focus on practitioner insight and practicable International Relations theory, this volume is an essential guide to identifying, analysing and countering Hybrid Threats and Warfare.
Alternative Approaches in Conflict Resolution
In its second edition, this extended and revised volume brings together alternative and innovative approaches in conflict resolution. With traditional military intervention repeatedly contributing to instability and violence, the study of alternative approaches has become imperative. Can forgiveness help heal relationships in post-apartheid South Africa? How can art assist dealing with 'unrememberable' events such as the genocide in Rwanda? What transformational resources do women offer in contexts of massive human rights violations? The aim of this edited volume is twofold: to provide and encourage critical reflection of the approaches presented here and to explore concrete improvements in conflict resolution strategies. In its interdisciplinary and international outlook, this work combines the tried-and-tested approaches from conflict resolution experts in academia, NGOs and civil society, making it an invaluable tool for academics and practitioners alike.
The Marginal Nation
The Marginal Nation analyses the realities of transborder migration in the South Asia region going beyond the domains of economics and demography. It provides an in-depth look into various dimensions of migration across the India-Bangladesh border that challenges fixed definitions of borders, nations and identities.
Statecraft and Policymaking in the Age of Digital Twins
This book describes the transition from basic automation to pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, and the Internet of Things, and its effects on democratic decision-making and governance in Europe. It diagnoses a lack of political agency and technical capabilities in the West that has accelerated the end of the model of entrepreneurial government in favor of a new paradigm: Cyber-physical Systems. Offering an analysis of the digital transformation process in various industries and institutions, the book highlights the severe repercussions and impacts on democratic decision-making and the legitimacy of the Westphalian model of the nation-state. Readers will learn how the convergence of cloud systems, data platforms, and connected objects is facilitating this transformation process, one characterized by a virtual representation of every person, object, and machine - a digital twin. The book argues for balancing centralization and decentralization in a cybernetic framework with human-centric values at its core. Further, it proposes a political framework that aims to develop a next-generation internet for the five hundred million citizens of Europe, one capable of enforcing and promoting digital hegemony while safeguarding the rights and proactive capabilities of said citizens. In closing, the book makes the case for a hardware wallet built on European chip requirements and platforms and running on its own OS to promote technical European integration on infrastructure, applications, and services. Given its scope, the book will appeal to policymakers and practitioners interested in European digital governance and autonomy, as well as scholars of public administration, public policy, and political science.
The Cold War and its Legacy in Indonesia
Mayasari-Hoffert examines the depiction of the Left in Indonesian literature since the anti-leftist purge in 1965.
Towards Rethinking Politics, Policy and Polity in the Anthropocene
Humankind faces two anthropogenic threats to its survival that are closely linked. The first is the end of the Holocene and the start of the Anthropocene, which was marked by the test of a nuclear bomb on 16 July 1945. In the prevailing peace and security narrative, nuclear weapons and the 'other' (country, bloc or alliance) pose a perceived threat to humankind's survival. In the Anthropocene narrative, 'we are the threat' through our way of life and the burning of fossil fuels. The start of the Anthropocene coincides with a change in the international order with the setting up of the UN and the Bretton Woods Institutions. Three stages of this order are distinguished: the Cold War (bipolarity), the post-Cold War era (unipolarity), and the end of the rule-based global liberal order (multipolarity) on 24 February 2022. In this book ten multidisciplinary perspectives discuss complexity, Anthropocene geopolitics, peace and security discourses and the debate on the Anthropocene, planetary boundaries, complex crises and integrative geography in the Anthropocene, governance and politics, and the Patriacene and gender. Both existential threats for humankind are illustrated by cover photos of the first nuclear weapons test on 16 July 1945 and by Category 5 Hurricane Otis, an extreme weather event impacting on Acapulco in Mexico on 25 October 2023. The Anthropocene as a new epoch of Earth history coincides in 1945 with a change in the international order. In the security and peace narrative, the 'other' and nuclear weapons pose an existential threat; in the Anthropocene narrative. This dual existential change requires a rethinking of politics, policy and polity. In the social sciences, the Anthropocene is being discussed from multidisciplinary perspectives (geography, political science, and peace, security, and gender studies). This is an open access publication.
Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia
From the end of the Second World War to the early 1970s, new paradigms began to form in academic, scientific, and professional knowledge in various disciplines and fields-not only in the United States, but also in East Asia.Drawing on a wealth of archival documents from East Asia, Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia focuses on the building and rebuilding of these different forms of knowledge in or about East Asia during the first half of the Cold War. It explores how this newly constructed knowledge came to assume certain "norms" professionals and bureaucrats of these countries tried to comply with and sometimes wrestled with. The essays within this collection explore a wide variety of this knowledge production: state-centered promotions of construction and normalization of knowledge; the ways in which non-state actors were involved in the construction and normalization of knowledge; and how individuals and groups who resisted or protested the hegemonic knowledge were constructed by state or non-state actors.A distinctive look at the Cold War through the research and perspectives of scholars from East Asia, Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia insightfully highlights the role of knowledge production, normalization, and resistance in the Cold War era, contributing to a fuller understanding of international relations.
The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power
The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power (second edition) offers a comprehensive, detailed, and ground-breaking examination of soft power - a key factor in cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, and public diplomacy.
The Political Economy of National Security, Critical Infrastructure and Securitization of Foreign Investments
This book examines how new flows of foreign direct investments from autocracies are framed, their effects, and the policy responses to them, within the context of challenges to the international liberal order. Chapters address thematic and regional issues, from national investment controls and threat perceptions to China and Russia's responses. Collectively, they explore a new dynamic in international politics: the securitization of money crossing borders. Historically, foreign investments operated under minimal global regulation, based on the assumption that they were beneficial, and profit driven. However, the past decade has witnessed a radical shift in approaches to foreign investments due to changing investment patterns and the entry of state-sponsored actors into this traditionally unregulated realm. China and Russia are seen to leverage foreign investments to advance their long-term economic and political objectives. The book comprehensively examines the subsequent repositioning of foreign investment policy and its consequences for national and international politics.
Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia
From the end of the Second World War to the early 1970s, new paradigms began to form in academic, scientific, and professional knowledge in various disciplines and fields-not only in the United States, but also in East Asia.Drawing on a wealth of archival documents from East Asia, Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia focuses on the building and rebuilding of these different forms of knowledge in or about East Asia during the first half of the Cold War. It explores how this newly constructed knowledge came to assume certain "norms" professionals and bureaucrats of these countries tried to comply with and sometimes wrestled with. The essays within this collection explore a wide variety of this knowledge production: state-centered promotions of construction and normalization of knowledge; the ways in which non-state actors were involved in the construction and normalization of knowledge; and how individuals and groups who resisted or protested the hegemonic knowledge were constructed by state or non-state actors.A distinctive look at the Cold War through the research and perspectives of scholars from East Asia, Knowledge Production in Cold War Asia insightfully highlights the role of knowledge production, normalization, and resistance in the Cold War era, contributing to a fuller understanding of international relations.
The Keystone Province
The definitive study of Manitoba politics for our time. The Keystone Province: Politics and Governance in Manitoba brings together leading experts to examine Manitoba's diverse political institutions, processes, sectors, and actors. This comprehensive collection presents an engaging analysis of Manitoba's governments from Louis Riel to Wab Kinew. Examining Manitoba's unique political culture, from its first breaths on the battlefields to the steady pulse of the structures, communities, parties, and elections that make up its modern body politic, editors Kelly Saunders and Christopher Adams demonstrate that, throughout its history of continuity and change, the "middle province" remains politically exciting and worthy of study and debate.
Consciousness, Social Theory and International Relations
This book engages contemporary research in the neurobiology of consciousness, specifically how Integrated Information Theory (IIT) understands and models consciousness as an emergent phenomenon. In a thorough yet accessible discussion of IIT, the book explores the implications of IIT for social science and International Relations theory, particularly concerning the emergent nature of social and political systems. It is intended to be accessible to non-specialists and professional social scientists alike. The idea is to put forward a bold set of ideas that engage longstanding and contemporary debates in a format that is useful to scholars while remaining clear and cogent enough for the novice. The author's intention is to balance the scholarly in an accessible way primarily by making a few focused scholarly points elaborated with minimal esoteric language and relying on endnotes.
Maroon Claims to Sovereignty in Jamaican Territory
This book is concerned with the Maroons of Accompong Town in Jamaica. Especially within the last five years, these Maroons, who constitute in some measure a distinct cultural group living in the defined area of Accompong Town, have presented reinvigorated claims that they comprise, in law and in fact, an independent state within Jamaica. Under the guidance of their energetic leader, Chief Richard Currie, they have claimed all the rights and duties of a sovereign state, maintaining that they are fully entitled to enjoy these rights under the name "The Sovereign State of Accompong." Against this background, there is scope for a review of the bases, in national and international law, of the core Maroon claim to statehood, and for the responses that may validly be offered to that claim. This publication addresses the relevant arguments, reviews the historical position of Maroons in Jamaican society and offers conclusions about the status of the Maroon claim. Most existing literature on the Maroons concentrates on Maroon status in history. This book adds to the literature by exploring the legal arguments about Maroon sovereignty in Accompong in national and international law, a topic that is yet to be fully canvassed.
The International Politics of Communication
In an era of globalization, international communication constantly takes place across borders, defying sovereign control as it influences opinion. While diplomacy between states is the visible face of international relations, this "informal diplomacy" is usually less visible but no less powerful. Information politics can be found in propaganda, Internet politics, educational exchanges, tourism, and even popular film. The International Politics of Communication examines this informational dimension of international politics, investigating how information is generated, conveyed through channels, and directed specifically at audiences. While citizens are often portrayed as faithfully loyal supporters and beneficiaries of the modern nation-state--a fiction supported by passports, identification papers, and other notarized credentials--they are subject to the pulls of loyalty from transnational tribal affiliations, mythological and historical narratives of ethnicity, as well as the transcendental claims of religion and philosophy. Increasingly, social media also enchants non-state individuals, providing new virtual communities as the center of loyalties rather than national affiliations. By reinterpreting taken-for-granted concepts in journalism, media, political economy, nationalism, development, and propaganda as information politics, this book prepares serious-minded scholars, citizens, politicians, and social activists everywhere to understand the power plays in international communication and use alternatives to begin transforming power relations.
The Derecognition of States
Although a great deal is known about the recognition of states, less is known about the practice of derecognition of states, namely why and how states withdraw the recognition of other contested and partially recognized states. The Derecognition of States offers a global and comparative outlook of this unexplored diplomatic practice. Using original empirical research, it addresses the complex processes, justifications, and consequences of state derecognition. In particular, it provides unique insights into five aspirant states facing withdrawal of recognition: Taiwan, Western Sahara, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Kosovo. G禱zim Visoka argues that state derecognition is a highly controversial and unstable practice that has less to do with the unfulfillment of the conditions of statehood by the claimant than with the advancement of the self-interest of the former base state and derecognizing state. The derecognition of states is not a rule; rather, it is an exception in international diplomacy, driven by political expediency and is incompatible with original rationales for granting recognition. Yet, the derecognition of states is far more important than previously recognized in shaping the reversal dynamics of secession and state creation and in influencing regional peace, geopolitical rivalries, and the international order. By analyzing the withdrawal of recognition, the book offers a window into the reversal politics of unbecoming a sovereign state and how the arbitrary beginning and the end of diplomatic relations between states take place.
The Gamer’s Guide to International Relations
Ready Player One meets Foreign Affairs-everything your students need to know about international relations, like why states go to war, how people manage the global economy, and how we deal with environmental devastation, is explained in this innovative text through the lens of video games.
Multidimensional Threats and Regional Responses to Caribbean Security
This book assesses the prevalence and intensity of intersecting security threats on the small island developing states of the Caribbean Community and explores the various ideologies and responses that impact Caribbean security.
New Developments in the Trilateral Relationship Between the United States, Taiwan, and China
Taiwan has become a new flashpoint in Sino-U.S. relations in recent years. The nation just concluded its presidential and legislative elections this January. This book analyzes the trilateral relationship between the United States, Taiwan, and China under the new Lai administration in Taiwan.
For Gaza's Children
We firmly believe that our children are the stewards of our liberation. When we prioritize our children, we are also prioritizing a world shaped by peace, safety, love and justice. When we protect our children, we are also protecting our most beautiful legacies and coveted traditions. When we invest in our children, we are also investing in our most audacious freedom dreams and our most impossible future worlds. The children of Gaza, and indeed all of Palestine, are no different. Driven by this commitment, we have decided to assemble an anthology that prioritizes children. We hope to contribute to the present moment of radical resistance and revolutionary possibility by placing the lives, experiences, conditions, feelings, perspectives, and stories of the region's children at the center of our social, cultural, moral, legal, and political analysis. For this anthology, we have chosen to exclusively spotlight the voices of progressive Black and Jewish American writers. In foregrounding Black and Jewish identities, including those writers who identify as both Black and Jewish, we hope to refute several dangerous myths about Black and Jewish Americans on the question of Israel/Palestine.
Turkey's Water Diplomacy
'Turkey's Water Diplomacy' first delineates the institutional and legal foundations of transboundary water policy-making in Turkey. In doing so, major actors of water diplomacy at national, regional and international levels are identified and scrutinized. Specific attention is paid to the evolution of transboundary water politics in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin since Turkish water diplomacy and its basic principles have been largely shaped through practices in this strategically important river basin. Situated at the crossroads of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Europe as the country is, Turkey's transboundary water policy has also been shaped by geographical determinants. Interestingly, Turkey has reflected her experience in one region (i.e., Europe) on practices in other regions. 'Turkey's Water Diplomacy' analyses how Turkey's harmonization with the European Union has impacted the transboundary water policy discourses and practices, and how these changes have been reflected in its relations with its Middle Eastern neighbours. A historical account of transboundary water relations in the ET basin is enriched with the analysis of the current state of affairs in the region, such as the Syrian civil war and its repercussions on water issues. It is striking that Turkey was one of the three countries that rejected the UN Watercourses Convention in 1997. The book elaborates on the reasons why Turkey voted against the UN Watercourses Convention. Yet, since the voting of the convention in 1997, there have been changes in Turkey's stance vis-?-vis international water law, which the book examines and focuses on. Turkey's water diplomacy embodies complex water management problems, which can be best understood as a product of competition, feedback and interconnection among natural and societal variables in a political context. Hence, the book adopts the Water Diplomacy Framework with its key elements in making policy-relevant recommendations specifically for Turkey's water diplomacy.
Strengthening the Responsibility to Protect
This book provides a systematic analysis of reform measures aimed at strengthening the implementation of the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) doctrine, utilising a cosmopolitan lens.
Everyday Peace
An exploration of how so-called ordinary people can disrupt violent conflict and forge peace. In this pathbreaking book, Roger Mac Ginty explores everyday peace-or how individuals and small groups can eke out spaces of tolerance and conciliation in conflict-ridden societies. Drawing on original material from the Everyday Peace Indicators project, he blends theory and concept-building together with contemporary and comparative examples. Unusual for the disciplines of peace and conflict studies as well as international relations, Everyday Peace also utilizes personal diaries and memoirs from World Wars One and Two. The book unpacks the core components of everyday peace and argues that it is constructed from a mix of sociality, reciprocity, and solidarity. This exploration of bottom-up and community-level approaches to peace challenges the usual concentration on top-down approaches to peace advanced by governments and international organizations. Indeed, the book goes to the lowest level of social organization - individuals, families and small groups of friends and colleagues - and looks at everyday interaction in workplaces, the stairwells of apartment buildings, and the queue for public transport. Mac Ginty sees peace and conflict as being embodied, lived, and experienced - and constructs a multi-layered definition of peace. Importantly, he applies his evidentiary base of micro-acts that constitute everyday peace to societies that have emerged out of conflict and have not experienced recidivism on a large scale. Unlike most who focus on top-down processes, he demonstrates that what matters is the interaction between top-down and bottom-up peace and how, in an ideal scenario, they can have a symbiotic relationship. By focusing on how the small-scale can have big and lasting effects, Everyday Peace will reshape our understanding of how peace comes about.
Administration in India
This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the administration in India from independence to date. It will be of interest to researchers in the fields of administration and policy, civil service, public management, South Asian politics and Development Studies.
Regional Autonomy of Policy Making and Implementations in Ethiopia
Europe's Evolving Role in US Grand Strategy
This book looks at the evolution of the role of Europe in US grand strategy, and unpacks how US administrations have instrumentalized this relationship in pursuit of extra-European objectives.
Same River, Twice
"In Same River, Twice, one of Europe's leading novelists uses her personal experience to shed light on the personal experiences of others: ordinary women trapped in the crossfire of a great geopolitical game." --Benjamin Moser, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Sontag: Her Life and Work"It's one of those books that can truly change a reader's life. . . . A powerful, unforgettable read." --Andrey Kurkov, award-winning author of Grey Bees and The Silver BoneBlending the journalistic rigor of Masha Gessen with the call to action of We Should All Be Feminists, a searing denunciation of Putin's Russia, revealing how modern Russia's history of weaponizing sexual violence against women plays a crucial role in its current strategy to retain political influence and dominance abroadOn March 22, 2023, the Swedish Academy organized a conference on threats to democracy and freedom of expression featuring a slate of distinguished speakers including Arundhati Roy, Timothy Snyder, and Sofi Oksanen. Oksanen's address--entitled "Putin's War on Women"-- would go on to spark such interest that the acclaimed Finnish writer felt compelled to return to it as the basis for a larger, more in-depth look at Putin's threat to women. The result is Same River, Twice, a devastating book-length essay that incisively builds on the themes and arguments first presented in her powerful speech.During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Oksanen's great-aunt was arrested and brutally interrogated overnight. Left permanently traumatized by the experience, she would never speak again. Using her family story as a starting point, Oksanen launches an investigation into the systematic crimes that the Russian government has, for nearly a century, committed with impunity. From the Russian military's entry into Berlin in 1945 to its modern invasion of Ukraine, Russia has continually employed violence against women when combatting its enemies. Life for women in Putin's Russia is little better; gender equality is in decline, women are silenced by the legal system, and rape is used to humiliate victims, especially women in media.Through Oksanen's sober analysis a disturbing picture emerges: under Putin, misogyny has become foundational to the state's power. It underpins the current regime, serves as a means of weaving international alliances, and forms an essential part of Russia's ongoing genocide in Ukraine, in turn posing a threat to the rights of women and minorities worldwide. As threats to democracy grow stronger across the globe, the powerful and timely Same River, Twice is a warning that cannot not be ignored.Translated from the Finnish by Owen F. Witesman
Chinese Macrosecuritization
This book provides a holistic picture of Chinese global security discourses, with a focus on macrosecuritizations.
Where Eagles Do Not Dare. Moderate Revisionism in International Politics
When and how do great and middle powers moderately challenge the status quo? These compelling questions have largely been overlooked in International Relations literature, which typically views the cyclical rise of revolutionary revisionist great powers as an unchanging aspect of international politics. Conventional thinking suggests that after peace or major agreements are established, a new international status quo emerges, provoking major dissatisfied states to challenge it. Sometimes, these challenges escalate to full-scale wars or intense competitions with the status quo powers--those committed to defending and maintaining current conditions. Yet, revisionism does not always manifest as great power war or outright competition; it can take more moderate forms. This book addresses this neglected puzzle with two key aims. The first is explicative, seeking to provide a solid and novel causal explanation of this recurring phenomenon in international politics. The second aim is typological: to construct a more nuanced and precise typology of revisionism that focuses on foreign policy means. To validate its new theoretical framework, the book examines three case studies--the United States, Italy, and China--spanning three distinct regions and historical contexts and featuring diverse political regimes: the late 19th century, the interwar period, and the Cold War.
China's Use of Armed Coercion
This book analyses when, how, why, and to what effect China has used its armed forces in recent decades to coerce other actors in the international system.
Pathways of Autocratization
Pathways of Autocratization addresses one of the most important questions in contemporary global politics: how does a country regress from a democracy to an autocracy?
Chinese Paradiplomacy at the Peripheries
This book explores how Chinese border provinces have become actors in international relations.
The Iraqi Spring
Since 2003 and following the U.S.-led invasion, Iraq witnessed tremendous changes to its political, social, and economic structures, and this book critically maps recent popular protests that engulfed the country and led to the death of thousands of civilian protesters. It delves into the nuances of the Iraqi socio-political context and offers a brief historical overview of political activism by investigating the internal structure of activism in the country as well as the regional and international dimensions. The study involves critical ethnographic research including interviews with Iraqi activists, social media analysis, Arabic and English news analysis, as well as in-depth assessment and contextualization of the Iraqi protests. The author argues that there is a need to call the protests an "Iraqi Spring" because of the country's unique historical, demographic, and political circumstances.
Constructing a Cross-Border Region in the Pacific Northwest
For residents living at national borders, the divisions between countries are rarely black and white, and often everyday interactions contribute to the creation of a cross-border region.
In a World of Russias, North Koreas and Now the USA, Be A Canada
This is a notebook from The Cranky Canuck series. A series created by Patriotic Canadians for like-minded lovers of CanadaEach notebook is 8.5x11 inches and contains 120 lined pages. A nameplate on the first page allows for personalization if desired.Not just patriotic, they are quite practical. Ideal for writings, notes, memos or as a journal. A great place to write down that 'I don't want to forget' information and keep it all in once place. Makes a great gift or treat yourself!
De Facto States in the Post-Soviet Area
This book provides an insightful analysis and holistic account of the process of the formation of de facto states in the post-Soviet area.
Revolution Revisited
This book provides timely assessment of the extent to which Emmanuel Macron's declared presidential goal - to bring in radical transformation of French politics, indeed a revolution, albeit a democratic one - has been achieved.
Remote Viewers
Remote Viewers is a tale of the Pentagon's attempts to develop the perfect tool for espionage: psychic spies. These psychic spies, or "remote viewers," were able to infiltrate any target, elude any form of security, and never risk scratch. For twenty years, the government selected civilian and military personnel for psychic ability, trained them, and put them to work, full-time, at taxpayers' expense, against real intelligence targets. The results were so astonishing that the program soon involved more than a dozen separate agencies, including the CIA, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Council, the FBI, the National Security Agency, the Secret Service, the Navy, the Army, the Air Force, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Drug Enforcement Agency, the US Customs Service, the US Special Forces Command, and at least one Pentagon drug-interaction task force. Most of this material is still officially classified. After three years of research, with access to numerous sources in the intelligence community--including the remote viewers themselves--science writer Jim Schnabel reveals for the first time the secret details of the strangest chapter in the history of espionage.
India, China and the Strategic Himalayas
This book analyses strategic discourse on the Himalayas from the perspective of India's interests.
