Encounter between Faith and Materialism
In the present analytical study of Surah Al-Kahf, edited by Abdul Kader Choughley, Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi (1913-1999), one of the foremost Muslim scholars of modern era, offers a deeply illuminating reflection on the nature, message and meaning of the Surah. Surah Al-Kahf, with its 110 verses, revealed in the last phase of the Prophet's (peace be upon him) mission in Makkah, presents an account of the clash between two doctrines, two ideologies and two mindsets. One of these stands for materialism and reliance on material factors whereas the other one signifies faith in Allah, the most merciful God, and the things that lie beyond our perception (Al-Ghayb). The Surah, as it unfolds through the stories such as the People of the Cave, the Owners of Two Gardens, Prophet Moses and Al-Khidr (peace be upon them) and Dhū l Qarnayn, takes us beyond the outer-reality of our earthly life to its inner-reality (Al-Ākhirah), by succinctly spelling out the belief systems, the moral consequences of our beliefs and actions, etc. Abdul Kader Choughley, an independent South African Muslim scholar, has contributed enormously to the revival of South Asian Muslim scholarship, during the past decade or so, with several valuable studies on Islam in South Asia, focusing on Islamic revivalism. Some other important works of Choughley's contribution to the Islamic revivalism discourse are: Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi: Life and Legacy and Fazlur Rahman Ansari Aligarh Years: 1933-1947 (Tawasul International Publishing, Rome, 2024). Of notable mention is How to Study the Qurʾān: Sayyid Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi's Approach (Tawasul International Publishing, Rome, 2024), which is an expanded version of his lecture delivered at the K.A. Nizami Centre for Quranic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University.
Prophet Muhammad (saw) - Mercy to the Worlds The Qur'an - The Eternal Miracle
Prophet Muhammad: Mercy to the Worlds - The Quran: The Eternal Miracle by Osman Nuri Topbas offers an insightful journey into the profound life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the eternal wisdom of the Holy Quran. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the spiritual and moral foundations of Islam, presenting the Prophet as the embodiment of mercy, compassion, and noble character. Through captivating narratives and reflections, the book illustrates the Prophet's unwavering obedience to Allah, his role as the ultimate teacher, and his life as a living commentary on the Quran.Topbas eloquently explores the Quran's role as the eternal miracle, describing it as a treasure trove of wisdom and a guide for spiritual growth. The book delves into the miraculous nature of the Quranic text, encouraging readers to appreciate its unmatched linguistic beauty and divine guidance. Emphasizing proper recitation and internalizing its teachings, Topbas invites readers to understand how the Quran resonates with human emotions and serves as a compass of truth across all eras.This book is more than a literary work; it is a spiritual guide that enriches the reader's understanding of Islamic faith, providing invaluable insights and inspiration. Ideal for both devout Muslims and curious seekers, it offers a deeper connection to the teachings and legacy of Islam, making it an essential addition to any collection.Table of Contents [In Brief]Prophet Muhammad: Mercy to the Worlds 2.1. Mercy to the Worlds2.2. The True Day of Rejoicing2.3. Obedience to the Messenger Obedience to Allah2.4. The Messenger's Life is an Effective Commentary of the Qur'an2.5. Ocean of Virtue2.6. The Epitome of Noble Character2.7. Our Debt of Gratitude to Allah's Messenger2.8. The Prophet of Forgiveness and Mercy2.9. A Heart Beating with Mercy2.10. A Generous One Unafraid of Poverty2.11. The True Life is the Life of the Hereafter2.12. An Example to People From Every Walk of Life2.13. The Need for Adherence to the Sunna2.14. The Pride of Humanity2.15. Love Demands Sacrifice2.16. A Divine Command: Invoking Peace and Blessings Upon His MessengerThe Qur'an: The Eternal Miracle 3.1. A Manifestation of Mercy3.2. The Divine Edict3.3. Endless Miracles in Every Letter3.4. Treasure Trove of Mystery and Wisdom3.5. Every Verse an Invitation to Reflect3.6. Benefiting from the Qur'an is Contingent Upon Spiritual Profundity3.7. The Qur'an is Instruction in Refined Manners3.8. The Source of Knowledge3.9. A Miracle of Eloquence3.10. Knowledge of the Unseen Guiding Scientific Discovery3.11. See Yourself in the Divine Mirror3.12. A Spiritual Banquet3.13. The Sacrifice of the Companions3.14. The Qur'an Speaks to a Feeling Heart3.15. The Qur'an is Honoured and Bestows Honour3.16. Attributes of the People of the Qur'an3.17. Happy Are Those Who Become One with the Qur'an3.18. Reverence for the Qur'an is a Requirement of Piety and God-Consciousness3.19. Learning the Language of the Qur'an3.20. Being Among the People of the Qur'an
The Society of the Age of Bliss
Explore the lives of remarkable individuals during the Age of Bliss, a period of profound significance in Islamic history. Authored by Osman Nuri Topbas, this book offers a detailed look into the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions. With insightful analysis and vivid narratives, Topbas reveals the societal dynamics and moral fabric that made this era unparalleled.In a world overshadowed by ignorance, the Age of Bliss stood as a beacon of divine guidance. The companions of the Prophet exemplified unwavering devotion to Allah and compassionate service to humanity. This book delves into their unyielding commitment to the Quran and Sunnah, their acts of charity, and the impact of Islamic teachings on their lives.Topbas's work serves as a timeless reminder of the transformative power of Islamic morals and ethics. It offers practical guidance for navigating modern challenges while staying true to the timeless principles of Islam. Whether you seek to deepen your understanding of Islamic history or aspire to embody the noble traits of the companions, this book is an indispensable companion on the journey towards spiritual enlightenment and moral excellence.Engage with the profound wisdom of a civilization that continues to illuminate hearts and minds across generations. This book is not merely a historical account but a timeless guide for cultivating a society rooted in faith, compassion, and virtue.Table of Contents: 1. Foreword2. Dear Readers!3. The Society of the Age of Bliss3.1. The Degrading Beliefs of the Age of Ignorance3.2. Serving the Lord and His Creation Ignored for Worldly Interests3.3. Distortion of Moral Qualities4. The Prophet's Great Miracle: The Asr-u Saadah Person4.1. Exemplary Figures of the Age of Bliss4.2. Companions' Reception from the Prophet4.3. Rapid Spread of Islam4.4. Deepening Spiritual Feelings4.5. Harmony of Reason and Heart4.6. Profound Contemplation4.7. Enjoyment in Communicating Islam4.8. Steadfastness to the Quran5. Factors Directing Companions to the Quran5.1. Admiration by Humankind6. Practical Islamic Morals7. The Excitement of Iman in the Asr-u Saadah Society7.1. Joining the Circle of Islam7.2. Sacrificing Lives for Faith7.3. Migration for Faith8. The Thrill of Worship in the Age of Bliss8.1. Care for Wudu8.2. Salat as Light of Their Eyes8.3. Commitment to Jamaah8.4. Joy in Giving Alms8.5. Focus on Charitableness8.6. Realization of Fasting8.7. Excitement over Hajj and Umrah8.8. Esteem for Learning Quran and Hadith8.9. Seeking Cure from the Quran8.10. Repentance at Dawn8.11. Diligence in Worship8.12. Competition in Virtue8.13. Adherence to Sunnah9. Moral Maturity in the Age of Bliss9.1. Peaks of Humbleness9.2. Oceans of Compassion9.3. Forgiveness for the Almighty9.4. Trustworthiness and Loyalty9.5. Generosity and Selflessness9.6. Avoidance of Wasting10. Social Life in the Age of Bliss10.1. Importance of Islamic Education10.2. Exceptional Trade Ethics10.3. Legendary Brotherhood10.4. Courtesy and Care10.5. Chastity and Virtue10.6. Ever-Smiling Faces
Prayers for Battle
It is often said that: "There are no atheists in foxholes." Is this well-known assertion really true? Larkin Spivey, an award-winning Christian writer and military historian, answers this question with an emphatic "yes!" offering evidence from biblical to modern times, including his own experience in combat. Included are heartfelt prayers from ordinary people going into harm's way, as well as famous prayers from such noted historical figures as: Sir Francis Drake-engaging the Spanish Armada at Cadiz George Washington-facing catastrophe at Valley Forge General Robert E. Lee-on the verge of final defeat Admiral Horatio Nelson-approaching the French fleet at Trafalgar General George Patton-frustrated by the weather President Harry Truman-weighing the most important decision in history Believers and non-believers alike will be amazed and encouraged by the example of famous and not-so-famous men and women looking upward in their times of crisis. LARKIN SPIVEY, Lt. Col. U. S. Marine Corps (ret) Larkin Spivey is a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War. He commanded infantry and reconnaissance units in combat and was trained in parachute, submarine, Ranger and Special Forces operations. He was with the blockade force during the Cuban Missile Crisis and served President Nixon in the White House. As a faculty member at The Citadel, he taught courses in U.S. military history and now writes full-time about God's providential hand in American history and the power of faith in war. He resides in South Carolina with his extended family. For more information about the author and his other books visit: www.larkinspivey.com
Love Covers Over
There is only one greater anguish than losing connection to a child - losing connection with God. Love Covers Over offers practical help to parents as they seek to maintain connection to both God and their children in the midst of LGBTQ+ identities and discussions.This book is for loving Christian parents who don't know how to have LGBTQ+ discussions with their kids. Love Covers Over builds a foundation for understanding God's intent for sex, sexuality, and gender, as well as modern deviations from God's divine design so that parents are equipped to have these sensitive conversations with their kids. It also offers important information about developmental milestones related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Within these pages you'll discover practical guidance and real life examples on how to broach LGBTQ+ topics with your children. Finally, Love Covers Over offers a path for Christian parents to unconditionally love their LGBTQ+ child, while remaining rooted in their faith.
Jafar As Sadiq (Rahmatullahi Alayh)
Dive into the profound legacy of Jafar as-Sadiq, a revered figure in Islamic history, with this comprehensive biography. Jafar as-Sadiq, known for his deep piety, exceptional knowledge, and virtuous character, has left an enduring influence that continues to inspire generations. This book offers an in-depth exploration of his spiritual devotion, showcasing how his unwavering commitment to worship shaped his teachings and character.Readers will gain insight into Jafar as-Sadiq's exemplary conduct, which made him a model of Islamic ethics. His interactions with people from all walks of life provide timeless lessons in humility and kindness. The book highlights the numerous virtues Jafar as-Sadiq embodied, from his honesty and generosity to his patience and perseverance.One of the key themes is his profound sense of Taqwa (God-consciousness), underscoring his constant awareness of Allah in all his actions and decisions. The book also delves into his extensive knowledge, spanning both material and spiritual sciences, which made him a scholar ahead of his time. His interpretations of the Qur'an and his teachings continue to guide scholars and laypeople alike.Jafar as-Sadiq's influence on Islamic jurisprudence, including his role in mentoring the prominent Islamic jurist Imam Abu Hanifa, is also covered. The book reflects on his legacy, providing wise counsel rooted in deep understanding and compassion that resonates with readers seeking guidance.Whether you are a student of Islamic history, a seeker of spiritual wisdom, or simply interested in the lives of great personalities, this book offers valuable knowledge and inspiration. It is not just a biography but a journey through the life of a luminary whose influence transcends time. The timeless wisdom of Jafar as-Sadiq is captured in this engaging narrative, making it a must-read for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of Islamic heritage.Table of ContentsJafar As-sadiq [699-765]His Life of WorshipHis Good MannersHis Virtues 4.1 Honesty 4.2 Generosity 4.3 Patience 4.4 PerseveranceHis HumilityHis Taqwa (God-consciousness)His Greatness in Material and Spiritual SciencesHis Comprehensive Knowledge of the Noble Qur'anHis Training of Imam al-A'zam Abu HanifaHis DeathSome of His Wise AdviceHis Bequest for His SonWisdom from the Friends of Allah - Jafar As-Sadiq-1
Islamic Etiquette
This book provides a comprehensive guide to essential Islamic etiquette, focusing on good manners towards Allah, the Prophet, and fellow humans. It is designed to instill a sense of spirituality and discipline in readers of all ages. The text is presented in a clear and accessible manner, incorporating both theoretical knowledge and practical steps. Each section is enriched with religious insights, practical advice, and examples, ensuring that readers can grasp the significance and proper conduct in various aspects of life.The book serves as an invaluable resource for Muslims seeking to enhance their character and adhere to Islamic principles in their daily interactions. It covers a wide range of topics, including personal hygiene, social etiquette, and environmental cleanliness. By following the teachings and instructions provided, readers can lead a life that is pleasing to Allah and beneficial to society.Table of Contents: 1. Islamic Etiquette2. Rules of Manners and Courtesy3. Good Manners Towards Allah Almighty4. Good Manners Towards Our Prophet5. Showing Good Manners and Gratification Towards the Holy Qur'an6. Good Manners Between Parents and Children7. Personal Hygiene 7.1 How do we Maintain Our Personal Hygiene? 7.2 As if About to Enter the Divine Presence... (A Story)8. Toilet Manners 8.1 What should we pay attention to in the toilet? 8.2 How do we wash up in the toilet (taharah)?9. Bathroom Manners 9.1 What should be paid attention when cleaning the body in the bathroom?10. Environmental Cleaning11. Mosque Manners 11.1 Reading12. Manners of Visiting Patients13. Manners of Offering Condolences and Participation to the Funeral14. Etiquette for Exchanging Greetings 14.1 What should we pay attention to while giving salam? 14.2 The Pleasure of Exchanging Salams 14.3 In what situations do not we give or return salams?15. Etiquette for Sleeping and Resting16. Etiquette for Eating and Drinking 16.1 What should we pay attention to before starting to eat? 16.2 What should we pay attention while eating? 16.3 We should never do the following while eating and drinking! 16.4 What to do after eating! 16.5 A Date-Tasted Memory17. Etiquette for Yawning, Sneezing, Coughing, and Belching18. Manners of Brotherhood 18.1 A Legendary Feat (A Story)19. The Manners of Giving-Receiving Gifts 19.1 What to pay attention when offering gifts? 19.2 What kind of gifts are unacceptable? 19.3 A Single Shirt20. Showing Respect to the Elders 20.1 How do we show respect to our elders? 20.2 This is How Respect is Shown! 20.3 If Only They Took a Lesson (A Story)21. Manners of Learning22. The Manners of Entering and Leaving the House 22.1 What to pay attention to when entering or leaving a house? 22.2 You Must Ask Permission (Story) 22.3 What not to do when entering or leaving a house?23. Manners of Neighborhood24. Manners to be Observed in Relationship with Non-Muslims 24.1 They Took Refuge in Us (A Story A Lesson)25. Manners of Hosting Guests and Visiting Others26. The Manners of Travelling 26.1 To what we pay attention during our journeys? 26.2 An Exemplary Journey27. Loving the Youngsters28. The Manners of Friday29. Manners of Shopping30. Manners of Talking and Listening31. Manners of Speaking Over the Phone
![Let's Learn about Wudu', Ghusl and Salah (Maliki Madhhab) [For Children]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/5081/9789366085081m.webp "Let's Learn about Wudu', Ghusl and Salah (Maliki Madhhab) [For Children]")
Let's Learn about Wudu', Ghusl and Salah (Maliki Madhhab) [For Children]
This book provides a comprehensive guide to essential Islamic practices, focusing on Wudu (ablution), Ghusl (ritual purification), and Salah (prayer). It is designed for readers of all ages to understand and implement these vital acts of worship in their daily lives. The text is presented in a clear and accessible manner, incorporating both theoretical knowledge and practical steps. Each section is enriched with religious knowledge, Q&A segments, and detailed descriptions of the rituals, ensuring that readers can grasp the significance and correct performance of these duties.The book serves as an invaluable resource for Muslims seeking to enhance their understanding and practice of their faith. It not only explains the obligatory acts but also delves into the spiritual benefits and the proper etiquettes to observe. By adhering to the teachings and instructions provided, readers can fulfill their religious obligations with greater awareness and sincerity.Table of Contents ✒️ 1. Basmalah2. Religious Knowledge Through Questions and Answers3. 32 Fards4. Wudu'4.1 Cleanliness for the Bathroom4.2 Wudu'4.3 The Fards of Wudu4.4 The Sunnahs of Wudu4.5 Things that Nullify Wudu4.6 Acts of Worship that Cannot be Done Without Wudu5. Tayammum5.1 The Fards of Tayammum5.2 The Sunnahs of Tayammum5.3 Conditions Making Tayammum Necessary6. Ghusl6.1 The Fards of Ghusl6.2 The Sunnahs of Ghusl6.3 Conditions Making Ghusl Necessary7. The Adhan8. The Prayer (Salah)8.1 The Punishment for not Praying8.2 The Times and Numbers of the Five Daily Prayers8.3 How to Pray the Sunnah Prayers for Salatu l-Fajr8.4 The Prayer Posture and the Making of Intention8.5 Making the Takbir8.6 Qiyam (standing) and Qira'ah (reciting)8.7 Bowing (Ruku')8.8 Prostration (Sajdah)8.9 The Second Rak'ah8.10 The Tahiyyat8.11 How to Pray Salat az-Zuhr8.12 How to Pray Salat al-'Asr8.13 How to Pray Salat al-Maghrib8.14 How to Pray Salat al-'Isha8.15 Salat al-Witr8.16 The Fards of the Prayer8.17 Things that Nullify the Prayer8.18 Sajdah (Prostration) of Forgetfulness8.19 A Surah to be Read After Salat al-Fajr8.20 A Surah to be Read After Salat al-'Isha8.21 Ruling About Praying in Congregation (Jam'at)8.22 Different Prayers Besides the Five Daily Prayers8.23 Salat al-Jum'ah8.24 Salat al-'Id8.25 Salat al-Musafir (Traveler's Prayer)9. The Door to Islam9.1 "al-kalimat at-tawhid and al-kalimat ash-shahadah"9.2 Faith in Allah9.3 Allah's Attributes (Sifat)9.4 Questions Related to Allah's Attributes
![Basic Islamic Principles [Creed - Acts of Worship - Daily Life]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/4375/9786254404375m.webp "Basic Islamic Principles [Creed - Acts of Worship - Daily Life]")
Basic Islamic Principles [Creed - Acts of Worship - Daily Life]
This comprehensive guide provides a clear and accessible understanding of the fundamental principles of Islam, meticulously explained by Prof. Dr. Hamdi D繹nd羹ren. It delves into the creed, acts of worship, and daily life according to the four Sunni schools, supported by evidence from Islamic law.Readers will gain insight into the essential aspects of Islamic faith, including the pillars of Islam, the articles of faith, and the foundational elements of Islamic jurisprudence. This book offers a detailed examination of theological sects, the schools of Islamic law, and the significance of Sufism within the religion.Prof. D繹nd羹ren's work is designed to be a practical resource for Muslims seeking to deepen their knowledge and for those new to the faith who wish to understand the core tenets of Islam. With its engaging narrative and practical insights, this book equips readers with the wisdom to navigate their spiritual journey and apply Islamic principles in their everyday lives.Whether you are a lifelong Muslim or a curious seeker, this book serves as an invaluable tool for fostering a profound connection with Islam and enriching your spiritual and moral understanding.Table of ContentsForewordNotes on TransliterationPrefacePreface for the New EditionChapter One: Fundamental InformationChapter Two: Articles of FaithChapter Three: Preparing for WorshipChapter Four: Ritual Prayer (Ṣalāh)Chapter Five: Fasting (Ṣawm)Chapter Six: Almsgiving (Zakāh)Chapter Seven: Pilgrimage (Ḥajj)Chapter Eight: Transactions (Muʿāmalāt)Chapter Nine: Penal Law (ʿUqūbāt)Chapter Ten: Ethics (Akhlāq)Chapter Eleven: Family LawChapter Twelve: Inheritance (Mīrāth)
The Golden Chain of Transmission - Masters of the Naqshibandi Way
The Golden Chain of Transmission: Masters of the Naqshabandi Way by Osman Nuri Topbas delves into the rich spiritual heritage of the Naqshabandi Sufi Order, offering readers an insightful exploration of Tasawwuf-the mystical path in Islam. This book provides an in-depth look at the lives and teachings of revered spiritual luminaries, tracing the unbroken lineage of the Golden Chain from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through to contemporary Masters.Each chapter introduces a different Master, illustrating their exemplary character, unwavering devotion, and profound wisdom. The narrative highlights the ascetic purity, compassionate service, and spiritual depth of figures like Bayazid Bistami, Ubaydullah Ahrar, and many others. Through their stories, readers gain intimate glimpses into the essence of Islamic spirituality, learning how these figures embodied the noble virtues of humility, compassion, and faith in their everyday lives.The book emphasizes the importance of spiritual training and the role of the Murshid-i Kamil (Perfected Guide) in guiding seekers toward self-realization and closeness to Allah. It also discusses key practices such as Suhbah (spiritual conversation), Dhikr (remembrance of Allah), and serving others, which are integral to the Naqshabandi path.With its evocative storytelling and timeless teachings, this book is not just a historical account but a living guide for those on a spiritual journey. It serves as a beacon for both novice seekers and seasoned travelers on the spiritual path, providing practical insights and profound wisdom for navigating the inner landscapes of the soul. Whether you seek to deepen your understanding of Islamic mysticism or find inspiration in the lives of the Naqshabandi Masters, this book offers invaluable guidance and a profound connection to the sacred traditions of Tasawwuf.Key Features of the Book: In-depth Exploration of Tasawwuf: Detailed insights into the mystical path of Islamic spirituality.Historical Lineage: Traces the unbroken spiritual lineage from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to contemporary Naqshabandi Masters.Profiles of Renowned Masters: Comprehensive profiles of influential figures in the Naqshabandi Sufi Order.Practical Spiritual Guidance: Includes practical advice and teachings for spiritual growth and self-realization.Engaging Storytelling: Evocative narratives that bring the lives and teachings of the Masters to life.Sacred Practices: Explanation of key Sufi practices such as Suhbah, Dhikr, and serving others.Spiritual Wisdom: Collection of profound wisdom and teachings from revered spiritual guides.Illustrative Examples: Stories of humility, compassion, and unwavering faith in action.For All Seekers: Suitable for both novice seekers and seasoned travelers on the spiritual path.Legacy of Naqshabandi Way: Highlights the enduring legacy and relevance of the Naqshabandi spiritual tradition in the modern world.
Faith, Politics, and Belonging
Drawing on the author's years spent working in and around Westminster, this essay collection provides a personal perspective on the themes of faith, politics, and belonging. To understand identity and place we need faith. Faith should lead to engagement in the wider world, and engagement in the wider world should deepen our faith and sense of purpose. In three sections, each drawing on his experience, Ian Geary reflects on the cognate themes of faith, politics, and belonging. Each section concludes with some questions for discussion and some suggestions for further reading. Written from personal experience via immersion in British political life and informed by his understanding of theology, the author seeks to animate a generous debate about the key themes, not to secure readers' attachment to a cause or political ideology. These essays are written in the hope that Christians engaged in politics will find them helpful and that they will also reach a wider audience to show how viewing politics through the lens of faith might yield a fresh perspective. Ian Geary would venture to suggest that politics--despite its critics--is a necessary and good thing.
Praying the Anglican Rosary
No, praying with beads is not "just for Catholics"; it's for us all! A deceptively simple way to pray more richly and effectively, the Anglican (Episcopal) rosary is ripe for your exploration. (And, yes, Catholics may also benefit from this approach.) Have you wanted to pray, but don't know where to start? Are you looking to spend slower time listening for God, but don't quite know how? In the midst of life's pressures, do you simply need something quick to offer in snatched moments? Are you tired of praying the same old things, and just want something fresh? Compiled by Father William Ingle-Gillis, a jobbing parish priest who finds the sacred in beautiful language, this collection and the style of prayer that it introduces ... is readily accessible for both the novice and the experienced, for individuals and groups;draws on familiar, comfortable prayers in unexpected ways;helps people pray the scriptures - conversationally, emotionally - rather than just study or analyse;invites us all to listen in the quiet spaces for what God is saying.In Praying the Anglican Rosary, Father William highlights exciting possibilities for prayer by bringing a time-honoured Christian practice, praying with beads, together with holy scripture and the rich heritage of the Anglican liturgical tradition. With prayers for morning and evening; the liturgical year; feasts days; and a wide variety of personal intentions, this book offers new paths to help us encounter God afresh just by making what time and space we can. You are welcome ... and invited ...
The Pen and the Sword
Successive generations of Israeli writers have charted the hopes of peace and the pain of conflict. What does the nation's writing reveal about the challenges of today?"The process of saying goodbye to these two authors, who had been a visible presence in Israeli society for decades, is far from over." -Nir BaramThe Pen and the Sword explores the efforts by successive generations of Israeli writers to grapple with their nation's difficult political questions. In a probing essay, Israeli novelist Nir Baram examines the remarkable friendship between two giants of Israeli literature - Amos Oz and A.B. Yehoshua - whose lives, writing and passionate disputes reflect their country's recent turbulent history and divides. And leading critic Arik Glasner surveys a younger generation of Israeli writers, whose disparate voices and stories provide a crucial glimpse into Israel today.The issue also includes Steven Nadler's new insights into the excommunication of Spinoza, Michael Vatikiotis's portrait of the Jewish community of pluralist Singapore and book reviews by Irris Makler, Benjamin Balint and Catherine Taylor.
Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman
Embark on an epic journey through the timeless tales of the Ramayana, an Indian epic that narrates the life of Lord Rama. This retelling explores the adventures and trials of Rama, his devoted brother Lakshmana, and the mighty Hanuman.Dive into the heart of Valmiki's Ramayana with this profound exploration that stays true to the original Sanskrit text while offering a fresh perspective on social, behavioral, psychological, and leadership themes. Discover how the timeless tales of the Ramayana offer enduring insights into leadership, ethics, and personal development. This book, with its profound exploration, is a compelling read for students, parents, mythology enthusiasts, business leaders, and self-help seekers, empowering them with ancient wisdom in a modern context.The author's observations, in italics, distinguish his insightful analysis from the epic's narrative, ensuring readers draw inspiration directly from Valmiki's work. By engaging with this retelling, readers will uncover how ancient wisdom can inform and guide modern leadership practices, offering practical strategies for navigating complex situations with decision-making, foresight, integrity, and resilience. Srini Katta, a visionary leader deeply rooted in technology, is the author of this transformative exploration. A passionate storyteller and yoga teacher, his commitment to sharing ancient wisdom in a modern context and his unique perspective make him a trusted guide on this epic journey, sparking intrigue and eagerness in readers to delve into his insights.Praised by scholars, business leaders, and young readers alike, this transformative exploration is not just a retelling of ancient tales but a guide to timeless lessons on courage, loyalty, and insight. It's a journey that will inspire and motivate you, leaving you with a new perspective on leadership, personal development, and a renewed sense of purpose, igniting inspiration and motivation in every reader.
Holy Spirit Anointing
Holy Spirit Anointing: Volume Two - Expect and receive a supernatural miracle as you read this volume just like the case of a dead child that came back to life or the case of a miracle where a flat face like wall received eyeballs and eye sockets or the case of food for one or two persons multiplied today to feed more than fifty persons with surplus because of the anointing as shared in this book - Holy Spirit Anointing (volume 2 of Holy Spirit Series book 2).This is a follow up to the Holy Spirit Anointing: Volume One. This is a great help and inspiration for christian living, apostolic anointing, pastoral anointing, prophetic anointing, healing anointing, deliverance anointing, intercession, holy spirit power, deliverance, prayers, upper room experience, evangelism, etc. Discover what made them great successful Christians and preachers - Holy Spirit Anointing. Get a copy and volume one for your friends and even your pastors. Maranatha. Our King is coming.
Religious Environmental Activism
This volume explores how religious and spiritual actors engage for environmental protection and fight against climate change.
Sufi Women, Embodiment, and the 'Self'
This book is an ethnographic case study of Sufi ritual practice and embodied experience amongst female members of the Naqshbandi community.
Routledge Handbook of Islam in Southeast Asia
This handbook explores the ways in which Islam has become a global faith for Muslims and non-Muslims in Southeast Asia with its universality & inclusivity. It will be an indispensable resource for scholars, students, and policymakers working on Islam, Muslims, and their interactions with other communities in a plural setting.
The Radical Mind
The Radical Mind is a groundbreaking analysis of the origins of the Christian Right, whose political victories are radically reshaping the landscape of American society. Scholars and the public alike have traditionally regarded the New Right and the Christian Right as separate movements. The New Right is supposedly a secular right-wing operation with purely political goals, while the Christian Right is an evangelical Protestant movement largely motivated by religious convictions. Insofar as both are conservative efforts, most people view them as reactionary and driven by a culture-war backlash against liberal changes to society.Chelsea Ebin's The Radical Mind aims to overturn this consensus. Through a close analysis of New Right architects Connaught Marshner and Paul Weyrich (who is often seen as secular but was a committed Catholic), this book explores the way conservative Catholics and Protestants overcame their long-standing antipathy to form a political coalition--what Ebin calls the New Christian Right. Drawing on extensive archival research, Ebin shows how the movement's key architects infused right-wing activism with religion. Rather than working to conserve the past, this book argues that the New Christian Right is fundamentally a forward-looking and proactive movement focused on remaking the political landscape in the United States.The radical aims of the New Christian Right have been obscured by the way they cultivated a shared identity of victimhood and manipulated the discourse about backlash to create a nostalgic idea of the past that they then leveraged to justify their right-wing policy goals. The Catholic-Protestant alliance constructed an imagined past that they projected into the future as their ideal vision of society. Ebin calls this strategy "prefigurative traditionalism"--a paradoxical prefiguring of a manufactured past. Using this tactic, the New Christian Right coalition disguised the radicality of its politics by framing their aims as reactionary and defensive rather than proactive and offensive.An interdisciplinary work informed by the fields of history, religious studies, public law, and American politics, The Radical Mind offers a new and convincing explanation for the recent gains of the Christian Right and the morally supercharged political landscape we face today.
Muslim Empowerment in Ghana
This book is the first 'groundwork' on Muslim NGOs in contemporary Ghana. It builds upon a database of more than 600 Muslim non-profit associations, foundations and grass-roots organisations whose activities are traced through extensive use of social media. The first part of the book scrutinises the varieties of their activities and operational spaces, their campaigns and target groups, alongside their local, regional, national and international connections. The second part analyses contemporary debates on infaq, sadaqa, waqf and zakat as well as Islamic banking and micro-finance schemes for promoting social welfare among Muslim communities in Ghana.
Law and Liberation
According to Robert Rodes, liberation theology--with its concern for the individual's to respond to building God's kingdom; its demand that Christians align themselves with the oppressed and work to reform or dismantle unjust social structures; and its recognition of the Church as a sign of God's salvific and liberating purpose--gives to the pursuit of justice through law an eschatological significance independent of any immediate or predictable consequences. Rodes assigned new importance to laws that symbolize aspirations they cannot fully implement, and laws that confront destructive forces they cannot fully implement, and laws that confront destructive forces they cannot fully contain. He begins by briefly discussing the basic tenets of liberation theology and relates them to goals that traditional jurisprudence has assigned to law. In later chapters he develops agendas for ameliorating some of the major problems in contemporary American life, rootlessness, powerlessness. He addresses each in light of past perceptions, how a Christian should respond to them today, and how law can respond to them.
Vaishali
Vaishali in Bihar was one of the Buddha's favorite resorts and he visited it on several occasions. It was here that he had his famous encounter with the prostitute Ambapali, the incident is recounted in the Mahaparinibbana Sutta in The Long Discourses. Another discourse he delivered here is the long but interesting Mahasihanada Sutta from The Middle Length Discourses. According to the Mahayana tradition the famous Vimalakirtinedesa Sutra was preached here too. About a hundred years after the Buddha's Parinirvana the Vaishali city was the venue for the Second Council where hundreds of monks from all over northern India met together to settle a dispute about Vinaya rules and to chant the suttas together. The main things to see today are the famous lion pillar, the museum, the large Kharauna Lake, the Japanese temple and the stupa built over the Vijjians' one eighth share of the Buddha's ashes.
Sanatan Sangh Parivar
Word of Buddha Avtar Jagat Guru Shankaracharya Puri Mahabhag- Compulsory devote one hour to your Street temple/Society and deposit one rupees in temple/Society trust daily and if you are eligible deposit 10 rupees for 9 more family who is not eligible means 1 hour and 10 rupees daily to Street temple will not only enrich the temple it will create strong and rich street Math Mandir. 100% Math and Mandir created by the group of Local public who given the Land, Created Building and run the Institution. More than 90% School, College and Institution which is based on Macale theory and based on Church education system is also created by the Public itself even initially this was run by group of Local people and they are teaching the Ramayana, Geeta also but due to poor word in constitution whole system is disturbed by the Greedy political Karyakarta, in today political Karyakarta created a rules to get tax directly from people and they are spending in name of social welfare without touching to the person who created and Mahant of the Math Mandir, who created and Acharya of the School, college and various institution in country. Few team is attached with Political karyakarta is under depression. This is required to change the condition in country.
The Bondage of Power
This work concludes the author's Trilogy on Trust which examined the "Masters of Suspicion" (Freud, Marx, & Nietzsche). In this work the Nietzschean ideology of power is viewed as knots which have bound humanity to an inhumane existence. The author offers the virtue of hope as a corrective to the this bondage and a source for trust. This work The Bondage of Power: Learning to Hope, also offers an Epilogue to all three works including, The Tyranny of Perfection: Finding True Pleasure and The Want of Wealth: Discovering Real Worth.
Mahabharata
The great battle at Kurukṣetra is over and the surviving warriors gather around the fallen Bhīṣma in order to draw upon his wisdom. They begin by asking about kingship and governance, before moving on to spiritual philosophy and the practices that lead to liberation. This latter discussion forms the Mokṣa-dharma-parvan - part of the Śānti-parvan of the Mahābhārata. The subjects discussed are wide ranging but the principal focus is on renunciation of the world, the philosophy of Sāṁkhya, early Vaiṣṇava theism, and probably the earliest teachings we have on the techniques of meditational yoga.
There Is No Somewhere Else
In There Is No Somewhere Else: Insights from the Tao Te Ching, Francis Pring-Mill takes us on a journey up the same mountain from which Lao Tzu pointed out amazing views in his Tao Te Ching. Written over twenty-five hundred years ago, the Tao Te Ching shows us how to live a meaningful life in harmony with the world around us. Its timeless wisdom still resonates with people everywhere as though it had been written yesterday.As we live our lives, why is it that some of our actions tend to create confusion and stress? Why do other actions seem to flow effortlessly and add to the harmony around us? Could the answer depend simply on where we're coming from? Is this the difference between being centered in ourselves, and in our own thoughts and desires, and being centered in the Tao? There Is No Somewhere Else will appeal to anyone curious about answers to questions like these.Author of In Harmony with the Tao: A Guided Journey into the Tao Te Ching, Francis Pring-Mill reveals a new path up the mountain by exploring between the lines of a series of contemporary observations about life. The chapters in There Is No Somewhere Else are short, easy to read, and the style is conversational. Francis Pring-Mill draws again on the wisdom of the Tao Te Ching and succeeds in bringing its messages down to earth where they can make a practical, positive difference in how we live our lives today. If the Tao is the only eternal reality, this book suggests we lose the harmony the moment we try to live "somewhere else."
Srimad Bhagavatam
Srimad Bhagavatam is an incomparable treasure house of Krishna's pastimes, and by studying Srimad Bhagavatam our children can gain spiritual knowledge, language, and reasoning skills, and most importantly, devotion for Lord Krishna. This illustrated guide provides children, parents, and teachers with a delightful way to study Srila Prabhupada's Bhagavatam, chapter by chapter. After you have read and discussed the translations with your children, you can turn to this guide for a chapter summary, key themes, analogies, and higher-thinking questions. There are many fun and educational activities for each chapter, including creative writing exercises, art projects, and critical-thinking activities. The activities accommodate a range of different learning styles, with the aim of cultivating in our children a lifelong love for reading Srimad Bhagavatam.
Why We Pray
Christianity Today 2025 Book Award Finalist (Academic Theology)If God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and entirely good, why do we need to ask God to do good things? Won't God act for the best regardless? Do our prayers even make a difference? Why do some go unanswered? This brief, accessible book provides a fresh angle on our questions to help us think differently about why we pray and what happens when we pray.John Peckham applies the insights from his successful book Theodicy of Love to the perennial problem of petitionary prayer, offering practical implications for how we might pray and live in ways that advance God's kingdom of unselfish love. Since our understanding of petitionary prayer is inseparable from our understanding of God, Peckham sheds significant light on the nature and character of God and the often-mysterious workings of divine providence. He does so by bringing theological and philosophical nuance to readings of key biblical texts on prayer, weaving in other scriptural clues to articulate an understanding of prayer that highlights not only its necessity but also its urgency. This book will appeal to students, pastors, church leaders, and thoughtful laypeople.
The Conference of Baghdad's Ulema
In The Conference of Baghdad's Ulema, readers are transported to a pivotal gathering of Islamic scholars in the heart of medieval Baghdad. This translation of Mu'tamar 'Ulama' Baghdad offers a meticulous account of the debates and discussions among the era's most prominent ulema. Delving into theological, legal, and philosophical discourses, the book captures the intellectual vibrancy of the Islamic Golden Age. Through detailed annotations and contextual insights, it illuminates the complex interplay of tradition and innovation that shaped Islamic thought. This volume is essential for understanding the profound influence of Baghdad's scholarly community on the broader tapestry of Islamic civilization.
Preaching for the Planet
Sermons preached by Jenny Wilson, Canon Precentor of St Peter's Cathedral in Adelaide. The introductory chapter explores ideas about preaching with a particular focus on preaching for the planet at this time of climate crisis.
Divine Love
Experience Drive Love, a book filled with a collection of quotes and poetry that will make your heart glow. A language of love that will give you butterflies and light up your life with romance and rizq.
Exploring Religious Dimensions in AI and Humanity
This book explores how the phenomenal advancements of artificial intelligence can reshape our spiritual journeys and influence established ethical frameworks. It is an essential read for those intrigued by the evolving dialogue between technology and spirituality and is enriched by references to centuries-old texts.
Judaism in North America
Beginning with an overview of Judaism in North America, this book presents a survey of the tradition, provides historical context, and addresses key contemporary issues. It covers the essential topics in the study of Judaism in North America including the major texts of Judaism, the Jewish life cycle, rabbinic literature, and the Jewish calendar. Key topics include Jewish identity and diversity, how Americans perceive Jews, and the rise of the Jewish GenZ. With over 50 illustrations throughout, each chapter contains suggested further reading and a glossary of key terms and concepts. The chapters in this book were first published in the digital collection Bloomsbury Religion in North America. Covering North America's diverse religious traditions, this digital collection provides reliable and peer-reviewed articles and ebooks for students and instructors. Learn more and get access for your library at www.theologyandreligiononline.com/bloomsbury-religion-in-north-america
Muhammad in the Seminary
Uncovers what Christian seminaries taught about Islam in their formative years Throughout the nineteenth century, Islam appeared regularly in the curricula of American Protestant seminaries. Islam was not only the focus of Christian missions, but was studied as part of the history of the Church as well as in the new field of comparative religions. Moreover, Arabic was taught as a cognate biblical language to help students better understand biblical Hebrew. Passages from the Qur'an were sometimes read as part of language instruction. Christian seminaries were themselves new institutions in the nineteenth century. Though Islam had already been present in the Americas since the beginning of the slave trade, it was only in the nineteenth century that the American public became more aware of Islam and had increasing contact with Muslims. It was during this period that extensive trade with the Ottoman empire emerged and more feasible travel opportunities to the Middle East became available due to the development of the steamship. Providing an in-depth look at the information about Islam that was available in seminaries throughout the nineteenth century, Muhammad in the Seminary examines what Protestant seminaries were teaching about this tradition in the formative years of pastoral education. In charting how American Christian leaders' ideas about Islam were shaped by their seminary experiences, this volume offers new insight into American religious history and the study of Christian-Muslim relations.
Wokery
Our eighth annual Colloquium was in trouble from the outset. Wokery: aWake-Up Call for the West won no prizes for diplomacy or tact. Wewanted to confront what we saw as dangerous, potentially fatal fissuresin the fabric of society. Our original venue cancelled us.If too many young people are making life-changing decisions too readily, without weighing up all the evidence, and if the post-war generation andthe one that followed have been remiss in walking away from theresponsibilities of parenthood, we are bound in conscience to speak up.Our contributors impressed us with their strength and courage. Theyaccused nobody of 'hate speech', that most repulsive charge, a foul andcheap jibe so glibly used by activists on both sides when actual evidenceis unavailable. They just got on with it, argued their cases with cogencyand eloquence, and provided us with as rich a lode of wisdom as wehave ever had the privilege of putting together in one volume.
Living The Joy of The Chayil Life
21 Days of Power will encourage and equip you to live the joy of the CHAYIL life! As you speak these words daily, you will learn to live with renewed strength, power and wisdom.
Faith, Politics, and Belonging
Drawing on the author's years spent working in and around Westminster, this essay collection provides a personal perspective on the themes of faith, politics, and belonging. To understand identity and place we need faith. Faith should lead to engagement in the wider world, and engagement in the wider world should deepen our faith and sense of purpose. In three sections, each drawing on his experience, Ian Geary reflects on the cognate themes of faith, politics, and belonging. Each section concludes with some questions for discussion and some suggestions for further reading. Written from personal experience via immersion in British political life and informed by his understanding of theology, the author seeks to animate a generous debate about the key themes, not to secure readers' attachment to a cause or political ideology. These essays are written in the hope that Christians engaged in politics will find them helpful and that they will also reach a wider audience to show how viewing politics through the lens of faith might yield a fresh perspective. Ian Geary would venture to suggest that politics--despite its critics--is a necessary and good thing.
The value of spiritual duty in Bhagavad Gita and Taoism
The book explores ethics and comparative religion, emphasizing the crucial role of duty in human society. An ordered societal structure relies heavily on duties and obligations. However, most people today either lack a sense of duty or have a weak understanding of it in social, political, economic, ecological, and religious contexts. This deficiency has led to a critical global situation. Therefore, understanding the strong sense of duty and commitment often found in individuals devoted to religious and spiritual ideals is essential. This understanding can also highlight a fundamental aspect of religious and mystical traditions: the realization of similar mystical truths independently across different times and places.
Far above Rubies
Far Above Rubies: The Power Of Christ's Virtues In You, discusses the many attributes of the Proverbs 31 woman. God has placed inside of each of us His force, might, power, wealth, wisdom and kindness. It is time for His Chayil army of worshippers to arise to our ordained place of strength.This book will empower women to see the power of Christ's virtue in them.
The Fundamentals of a Recovering Fundamentalist
As recovering Fundamentalists we often find ourselves unknowingly remaining within the Fundamentalist worldview. We think that if we enter into Progressive Christianity we're leaving behind the irrational, hurtful, racist, and untrue theological worldview we were brought up in. But what if Fundamentalism is really a kind of Progressive Christianity? And both of these twin children of modernity are inherently racist, anti-Jewish, and colonial, and therefore antithetical to the brown Jewish Incarnation of the God of Israel? What if instead of leaving Fundamentalism we've really just changed the garbs of the Northern European Enlightenment rather than truly reorientating our whole lives towards the True, Good, and Beautiful? In this book we will examine a need for former Fundamentalists to be reintroduced to the Christian faith. One that looks backwards towards Christianity as it existed before the Enlightenment and even the Reformation. One that de-centers Christian traditions which originated out of Northern Europe by centering Christian traditions rooted in such places as Southwest Asia and North and East Africa. By criticizing modernist white Christianity the reader is guided into a Christianity that isn't merely the other side of the same coin but looks radically different.
Planting Seeds of the Divine
Experiencing deep personal fulfillment, happiness, and sustenance comes from feeling connected to our authentic selves, which involves building an ongoing relationship with the Divine Presence within us, says author Yiscah Smith. Quite organically, then, we may begin sensing the Divine in our interactions with other people. This is because, for each of us, "our essence, as a creation by God, is God." Planting Seeds of the Divine elucidates how Judaism's sacred texts can provide the foundation for the "end destination" of experiencing intimate encounters with the Divine Presence within--the God-consciousness that so many of us find elusive. Imagining ourselves as spiritual gardeners, we can cultivate our unique gardens with seeds centered on middot (emotional dispositions, character traits, spiritual sensitivities). Each seed corresponds to an aspirational Torah commentary, consisting of a selected Torah verse linked to one of the middot, a summary of the biblical text preceding the verse, classical commentaries, teachings of Hasidic and Neo-Hasidic masters and the author, and step-by-step experiential practices to help us internalize the middot and encounter the Divine. Each seed contributes to the garden's beauty--the beauty of the self in God-consciousness--which hopefully blossoms into a magnificent garden of the soul.
New Morning Mercies (Note-Taking Edition)
A Note-Taking Edition of Paul David Tripp's Bestselling Devotional Mornings can be tough. Sometimes, a hearty breakfast and strong cup of coffee just aren't enough. Offering far more than a rush of caffeine, bestselling author Paul David Tripp aims to energize Christian readers with the most potent encouragement imaginable: the gospel. This new edition of Paul David Tripp's bestselling devotional New Morning Mercies has been updated with space in the margins for note-taking, encouraging readers to reflect on the devotional content. Each of the 365 readings begins with a compelling, gospel-centered thought, followed by an extended meditation. Focused less on behavior modification and more on helping people encounter the living God, this resource equips readers with the good news that they need to trust in God's goodness, rely on his grace, and live for his glory--day in and day out. 365 Engaging Devotionals: Each daily reading includes questions for personal reflection and application, guidelines for prayer, and a list of relevant biblical passages for further study Popular Daily Devotional: Over 1 million copies sold Written by Paul David Tripp: Author of several books, including Lead; Reactivity; and Journey to the Cross: A 40-Day Lenten Devotional
Mahabharata
The Mokṣa-Dharma-Parvan of the MahābhārataThe great battle at Kurukṣetra is over and the surviving warriors gather around the fallen Bhīṣma in order to draw upon his wisdom. They begin by asking about kingship and governance, before moving on to spiritual philosophy and the practices that lead to liberation.This discussion forms the Mokṣa-dharma-parvan - part of Book 12 (the Śānti-parvan) of the Mahābhārata. The subjects discussed are wide ranging but the principal focus is on renunciation of the world, the philosophy of Sāṁkhya, early Vaiṣṇava theism, and probably the earliest teachings we have on the techniques of meditational yoga.
The Butterfly Cometh
Christel's Wisdom We live in a world of many wars. Not only pitting brother against brother in a blood battle, we also are living amidst a war on drugs, a war on global warming, a war on Internet crimes, a war on inflating costs and a war within ourselves. But truth tells us that a bullet never trumps a principle, be it a nuclear warhead or pulling a Judas. Socrates said, "Know thyself. The only life worth living is a principled one." He was right then and his philosophy holds steadfast today. The only way to discover the authentic being Socrates referred to is to die to self. Until the soul stands naked and free, we can only see the world in shades of gray. When we rid ourselves of the garbage that has accumulated around our hearts, crushing our life force, glory shines in Technicolor. This book is a spiritual voyage through the intricate workings of the heart and mind. You will be immersed in a transformation. Delight in the international excursion with Christel the Butterfly. Let Christel guide you on a 171-day journey of strengthening character, enhancing friendships, experiencing wisdom, facing reality and embracing the love of God. Carry on!
Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark
Don't Be Afraid of the Dark explores the interconnectedness of fear, oppression, and sin within contemporary society. This collection of daily scripture meditations skillfully guides readers toward a transformative understanding of fear as the foundational force behind our society's challenges.Each meditation highlights the dance between fear and power, exposing anxiety's role in controlling marginalized groups, reinforcing unjust systems, and fueling division. By uncovering both the root causes and the manifestations of fear, readers can embark on a journey of self-reflection and societal examination.In the context of relationships, money, politics, and race, the author unearths underlying fear-driven narratives that have shaped societal norms and structures and brings a redemptive perspective to humanity's propensity to harm each other. Readers are encouraged to confront their fears and biases, ultimately forging a path toward personal and collective liberation.Don't Be Afraid of the Dark doesn't merely dissect the problem of fear-readers are provided with actionable insights and scriptural contemplations, inviting them to engage in courageous conversations, challenge societal norms, and take proactive steps toward a more compassionate and just world.
The Big Bang and the Holy Trinity
How do science and Christianity together provide an explanation of the story of humankind and a vision for our future?
Unleash Your Bravery
Embark on a transformative journey of faith and courage with Unleash Your Bravery: Saying Yes to Jesus Even When You're Afraid. In this compelling and inspiring book, Heidi Elizarraraz, a seasoned missionary to Mexico, shares profound insights drawn from two decades of adventures, challenges, and unwavering commitment to following Jesus.Unleash Your Bravery is not just a book; it's a guide to living boldly in the face of fear and uncertainty. Through captivating stories, biblical wisdom, and practical guidance, Heidi explores the essence of true bravery-a bravery rooted in surrendering to God's plan and saying yes to Jesus even when trembling with fear.
