Principles of Continuum Mechanics
This book covers the fundamental aspects of continuum mechanics (tensor methods, kinematics of deformation and motion, forces and balance laws) and includes a modern account of essential aspects of constitutive theory such as frame invariance, material symmetry, constraints, and restrictions imposed by thermodynamics. Recent significant advances in the subject have been incorporated in a pedagogically useful format to facilitate independent study as well as access to the research literature.Recent significant advances in the subject have been incorporated in a pedagogically useful format to facilitate independent study as well as access to research literature. An extensive range of problems are incorporated together with detailed solutions to reinforce concepts introduced in the text, help develop the reader's intuition, and promote engagement with the material.Intended for final year undergraduate and beginning graduate students of engineering and physics, this book provides a concise, rigorous and accessible introduction to continuum mechanics. It will also serve as a reference for researchers, instructors and practitioners.
Principles of Continuum Mechanics
This book covers the fundamental aspects of continuum mechanics (tensor methods, kinematics of deformation and motion, forces and balance laws) and includes a modern account of essential aspects of constitutive theory such as frame invariance, material symmetry, constraints, and restrictions imposed by thermodynamics. Recent significant advances in the subject have been incorporated in a pedagogically useful format to facilitate independent study as well as access to the research literature.Recent significant advances in the subject have been incorporated in a pedagogically useful format to facilitate independent study as well as access to research literature. An extensive range of problems are incorporated together with detailed solutions to reinforce concepts introduced in the text, help develop the reader's intuition, and promote engagement with the material.Intended for final year undergraduate and beginning graduate students of engineering and physics, this book provides a concise, rigorous and accessible introduction to continuum mechanics. It will also serve as a reference for researchers, instructors and practitioners.
Computational Techniques of Rotor Dynamics with the Finite Element Method
Rotor dynamics is both a classical and a modern branch of engineering science. The rotation of rigid bodies, mainly those with regular shapes such as cylinders and shafts, has been well understood for more than a century. However, analyzing the rotational behavior of flexible bodies, especially those with irregular shapes like propellers and blades, requires more modern tools such as finite elements, hence the title and focus of this book.In the dozen years since the original publication, this book was used in teaching engineering students at universities and in consulting in the industry. During those activities, several topics were deemed to require further explanations. Students requested a deeper finite element technology foundation in certain places to make the book self-contained in that regard also. Some desired more details about the computational and numerical solutions. These requests are answered in new sections of this edition. Practicing engineers asked for a detailed industrial application case study and such was added in a new chapter dealing with wind turbines.This book is composed of two parts, the first focusing on the theoretical foundation of rotor dynamics and the second focusing on the engineering analysis of industrial structures. The theoretical foundation is built on physics, calculus, and finite element technology chapters. Computational and numerical techniques provide free vibration and response analyses solutions. The industrial engineering analysis part contains chapters analyzing jet-engine turbine wheels, aircraft propellers, and wind turbine blades. This book concludes with a new industrial case study based on a recent modern wind turbine development project.
Thermal Metamaterials
This book gives a comprehensive review on thermal metamaterials, an emerging type of artificial structures designed for the control of heat transfer. To date, many exciting findings have been made in this field, including some novel understandings about the heat transfer processes (reciprocity, symmetry, topological properties, etc.), as well as promising new possibilities to control heat (cloaking, rectification, collection, etc.). The text is organized into three segments: steady-state, time-harmonic, and transient heat transfer. In Part I, the transformation theory and effective medium method are introduced with their applications on the manipulation of steady-state heat transfer, covering early studies in this field. In Part II, the recently developed thermal scattering theory and temporal modulation method are discussed in the context of controlling time-harmonic heat transfer. In Part III, the effective Hamiltonian method is presented to study the decaying thermal modes in transient heat transfer. We include detailed derivations and examples for each theory or method. The book ends with an outlook chapter on open problems and potential possibilities in this promising field.
Mechanics of Solids
This book is intended to serve as an undergraduate textbook on mechanics of solids for the engineering students. It provides conceptually sound and rigorous foundation of three-dimensional concepts of stress, strain, constitutive relations, yield criteria, brittle fracture and fatigue failure; and energy-related theorems. Subsequently, this theory is applied rigorously to the elastic and elastic-plastic analyses of bars under axial force, twisting moment, bending moment, general loading and buckling of columns. This textbook also covers visco-elastic response of bars, standard tension and compression tests. The book includes pedagogical features like worked out examples, chapter reviews and end-of-chapter exercises to aid in self-learning of the students. This book will be highly useful for the undergraduate engineering students as a textbook and reference book for postgraduate students/researchers.
Manufacturing Technology
This new edition textbook provides comprehensive knowledge and insight into various aspects of manufacturing technology, processes, materials, tooling, and equipment. Its main objective is to introduce the grand spectrum of manufacturing technology to individuals who will be involved in the design and manufacturing of finished products and to provide them with basic information on manufacturing technologies.Manufacturing Technology: Materials, Processes, and Equipment, Second Edition, is written in a descriptive manner, where the emphasis is on the fundamentals of the process, its capabilities, typical applications, advantages, and limitations. Mathematical modeling and equations are used only when they enhance the basic understanding of the material dealt with. The book is a fundamental textbook that covers all the manufacturing processes, materials, and equipment used to convert the raw materials to a final product. It presents the materials used in manufacturing processes and covers the heat treatment processes, smelting of metals, and other technological processes such as casting, forming, powder metallurgy, joining processes, and surface technology. Manufacturing processes for polymers, ceramics, and composites are also covered.The book also covers surface technology, fundamentals of traditional and nontraditional machining processes, numerical control of machine tools, industrial robots and hexapods, additive manufacturing, and industry 4.0 technologies.The book is written specifically for undergraduates in industrial, manufacturing, mechanical, and materials engineering disciplines of the second to fourth levels to cover complete courses of manufacturing technology taught in engineering colleges and institutions all over the world. It also covers the needs of production and manufacturing engineers and technologists participating in related industries where it is expected to be part of their professional library. Additionally, the book can be used by students in other disciplines concerned with design and manufacturing, such as automotive and aerospace engineering.
Excitons and Cooper Pairs
This book bridges a gap between two major communities of Condensed Matter Physics, Semiconductors and Superconductors, that have thrived independently. Using an original perspective that the key particles of these materials, excitons and Cooper pairs, are composite bosons, the authors raise fundamental questions of current interest: how does the Pauli exclusion principle wield its power on the fermionic components of bosonic particles at a microscopic level and how this affects their macroscopic physics? What can we learn from Wannier and Frenkel excitons and from Cooper pairs that helps us understand "bosonic condensation" of composite bosons and its difference from Bose-Einstein condensation of elementary bosons? The authors begin with a solid mathematical and physical foundation to derive excitons and Cooper pairs. They further introduce Shiva diagrams as a graphic support to grasp the many-body physics induced by fermion exchange in the absence of fermion-fermion interaction - a novel mechanism not visualized by standard Feynman diagrams. Advanced undergraduate or graduate students in physics with no specific background will benefit from this book. The developed concepts and formalism should also be useful for current research on ultracold atomic gases and exciton-polaritons, and quantum information.
Modeling Waves with Numerical Calculations Using Python
Numerical calculations (what many call computational physics) is a core tool in modern physics. With numerical methods it's possible to solve problems that would otherwise be impossible. Most physics students and educators have at least some exposure to the wave equation. It shows up in many different contexts--light, quantum mechanics, and even a simple wave on a string. However, it can be difficult to come up with non-trivial solutions to the wave equation. This text goes through the techniques to create a numerical model of the wave equation starting from the very basics and using free and open source tools such as Python and Web VPython.
From Galileo to Einstein
Our current lives are a result of scientific evolution to which many geniuses in science have contributed. This book describes the lives of great scientists from Galileo to Einstein who made remarkable discoveries in science. By focusing on their stories, the reader will understand that the common trait shared by them in their scientific journey was a genuine enthusiasm to scholarship.The Progress of science is surveyed as follows: Galileo called the father of modern science, expressed natural phenomena with quantitatively measurable quantities, such as weight and length for the first time. Kepler discovered Kepler's laws that explained the movement of celestial bodies. It was however not understood why celestial bodies moved according to Kepler's laws. This problem was elucidated by Newton founding Newtonian mechanics. Electromagnetic phenomena experimentally discovered by Faraday, were theoretically unified by Maxwell who founded electromagnetic theory, constituting the two greatest theories in classical physics together with Newtonian mechanics until the end of nineteenth century.At the end of nineteenth century, two experimental results could not explained by classical physics. The one was the result on the black body radiation. For elucidating the result, Planck in 1900 derived Planck's formula, discovering the concept of "quantum." The other was Michelson-Morley experiment's result supporting relativity principle. For elucidating the result, Einstein developed relativistic theory, constituting the two greatest theories of twentieth century together with quantum mechanics.The readers can understand the progress in physics from classical physics to modern physics, impressed by the lives of geniuses with a genuine enthusiasm to scholarship.
Digital Processing of Acoustic Signals
This book particularly presents basic and novel theories with practical examples of the two main topics: of Digital Processing of Acoustic Signals, such as: Speech and Heart Sounds. Namely: - Digital Room Acoustics Equalization, because in many sound reproduction systems the degradation quality of the speech signal is mainly caused by the room effect, and- Automatic Heart Sounds Segmentation, as it is an essential phase before objective analysis and diagnosis.Homomorphic standard method and its modified version for equalizing room acoustics effects on the speech signal are presented. An alternative approach to the Balanced Model Truncation method (standard method) is proposed. This when compared to the standard method allows reducing substantially the equalization filter order.A novel automatic heart sounds segmentation method is proposed and applied to professional regular rhythms heart sounds of adult patients. Recurrent Neural Network based segmentation is proposed as an alternative method for irregular heart sounds rhymes.This Book is intended for graduate students, lecturers and researchers who want to start-up a research path in such a discipline.
Classical Continuum Mechanics
This book provides physical and mathematical foundation as well as complete derivation of the mathematical descriptions and constitutive theories for deformation of solid and fluent continua, both compressible and incompressible with clear distinction between Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions as well as co- and contra-variant bases. Definitions of co- and contra-variant tensors and tensor calculus are introduced using curvilinear frame and then specialized for Cartesian frame. Both Galilean and non-Galilean coordinate transformations are presented and used in establishing objective tensors and objective rates. Convected time derivatives are derived using the conventional approach as well as non-Galilean transformation and their significance is illustrated in finite deformation of solid continua as well as in the case of fluent continua.Constitutive theories are derived using entropy inequality and representation theorem. Decomposition of total deformation for solid and fluent continua into volumetric and distortional deformation is essential in providing a sound, general and rigorous framework for deriving constitutive theories. Energy methods and the principle of virtual work are demonstrated to be a small isolated subset of the calculus of variations. Differential form of the mathematical models and calculus of variations preclude energy methods and the principle of virtual work. The material in this book is developed from fundamental concepts at very basic level with gradual progression to advanced topics.This book contains core scientific knowledge associated with mathematical concepts and theories for deforming continuous matter to prepare graduate students for fundamental and basic research in engineering and sciences. The book presents detailed and consistent derivations with clarity and is ideal for self-study.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Vibration Control of Flexible Systems
This book is an essential guide to nonlinear dynamics and vibration control, detailing both the theory and the practical industrial applications within all aspects of engineering. Demonstrating how to improve efficiency through reducing unwanted vibration, it will aid both students and engineers in practically and safely improving flexible structures through control methods. Increasing demand for light-weight robotic systems and space applications has actuated the design and construction of more flexible structures. These flexible structures, involving numerous dynamic systems, experience unwanted vibrations, impacting accuracy, operating speed, safety and, importantly, efficiency. This book aids engineers in assuaging this issue through vibration control methods, including nonlinear dynamics. It covers topics such as dynamic modeling of nonlinear system, nonlinear oscillators, and modal analyses of multiple-mode system. It also looks at vibration control methods including linear control, nonlinear control, intelligent control, and command smoothers. These control methods are effective and reliable methods to counteract unwanted vibrations. The book is practically minded, using industrial applications throughout, such as bridge cranes, tower cranes, aerial cranes and liquid sloshing. It also discusses cable-suspension structures, light-weight links, and fluid motions which exhibit flexible-structure dynamics. The book will be of interest to students and engineers alike, in the field of mechatronics, mechanical systems and signal processing, nonlinear dynamics, vibration, and control engineering.
Advanced Materials in Engineering Applications
The formability features of sheets made of the alloy Al 8011 are examined experimentally and the results are compared with the numerical ones in this research. Through an axisymmetric finite element simulation of the Erichsen cupping test, formability characteristics were evaluated. The Erichsen cupping test was used to exam□ine the effects of several factors, including friction at the punch-sheet contact and sheet thickness. The nonlinear finite element method is used to calculate the dome height, stress, and strain values for the aluminum sheet, and the results are then compared to the numerical ones. The findings demonstrated that the Al 8011 alloy's form□ability greatly rises with increasing sheet thickness. The formability is significantly impacted by the lubricant. The application of the finite element technique to forecast the formability of Al 8011 alloy.
Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics, second edition
The new edition of a classic text that concentrates on developing general methods for studying the behavior of classical systems, with extensive use of computation. We now know that there is much more to classical mechanics than previously suspected. Derivations of the equations of motion, the focus of traditional presentations of mechanics, are just the beginning. This innovative textbook, now in its second edition, concentrates on developing general methods for studying the behavior of classical systems, whether or not they have a symbolic solution. It focuses on the phenomenon of motion and makes extensive use of computer simulation in its explorations of the topic. It weaves recent discoveries in nonlinear dynamics throughout the text, rather than presenting them as an afterthought. Explorations of phenomena such as the transition to chaos, nonlinear resonances, and resonance overlap to help the student develop appropriate analytic tools for understanding. The book uses computation to constrain notation, to capture and formalize methods, and for simulation and symbolic analysis. The requirement that the computer be able to interpret any expression provides the student with strict and immediate feedback about whether an expression is correctly formulated. This second edition has been updated throughout, with revisions that reflect insights gained by the authors from using the text every year at MIT. In addition, because of substantial software improvements, this edition provides algebraic proofs of more generality than those in the previous edition; this improvement permeates the new edition.
Thermal-Stress-Field Interactions in Composite Materials II
This book presents original mathematical models of thermal-stress-field interactions in composite materials with three components. In contrast to mathematical models for two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume, the three-component materials consist of an isotropic matrix and isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions with an isotropic ellipsoidal envelope. These stresses are a consequence of different thermal expansion coefficients of the material components. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum, and results in different mathematical solutions. Due to these different mathematical solutions, the principle of minimum elastic energy is considered. The mathematical models for the three-component materials are applicable to those for the thermal-stress induced micro-/macrostrengthening and crack formation in the two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume.
Phase-Transformation-Stress Interactions in Composite Materials III
This book presents original mathematical models of phase-transformation stress interactions in composite materials, which result from the iteration method, along with mathematical models of phase-transformation induced micro-/macro-strengthening and intercrystalline or transcrystalline crack formation. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum. The materials consist of an isotropic matrix with isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions. These stresses are a consequence of the difference between dimensions of crystalline lattices, which are mutually transformed during the phase-transformation process in the inclusion and/or the matrix. The mathematical models include microstructural parameters of a real matrix-inclusion composite, and are applicable to composites with ellipsoidal inclusions of different morphology (e.g., dual-phase steel, martensitic steel). In case of a real matrix-inclusion composite, such numerical values of the microstructural parameters can be determined, which result in maximum values of the micro- and macro-strengthening, and which define limit states with respect to the crack formation in the matrix or the inclusion.
Phase-Transformation-Stress Interactions in Composite Materials II
This book presents original mathematical models of phase-transformation stress interactions in composite materials, which result from the superposition method. In contrast to the mathematical models for two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume, the three-component materials consist of an isotropic matrix and isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions with an isotropic ellipsoidal envelope. These stresses are a consequence of the difference between dimensions of crystalline lattices, which are mutually transformed during the phase-transformation process in the inclusions, the envelope or the matrix. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum, and results in different mathematical solutions. Due to these different mathematical solutions, the principle of minimum elastic energy is considered. The mathematical models for the three-component materials are applicable to those for the phase-transformation-stress induced micro-/macro-strengthening and crack formation in the two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume.
Three-Dimensional Study of the Wind Flow
Currently, as we know, humanity is concerned about the problem of energy depletion. Non-renewable resources are running out, besides Most of the sources of this energy are accompanied by pollution and are already poses a danger to humans themselves, as well as to the environment. That's why the problem is becoming global, humanity is faced with new tasks and requirements. With the deterioration of environmental conditions and growing demand for energy, new, more environmentally friendly and cheap energy sources. It's wise to ask for help specifically to nature - to its wind, water, sun. This book provides a comprehensive review of research work on the design and development of small wind turbine blades, including the addition of aerodynamic elements. The characteristics and parametric analysis of rectangular blade profiles are presented in detail. The presented three-dimensional study confirms the significant influence of turbulent flows on the operation of a wind generator. The results obtained can be used to optimize the design of blades and improve the energy production efficiency of wind generators.
Phase-Transformation-Stress Interactions in Composite Materials I
This book presents original mathematical models of phase-transformation stress interactions in composite materials, which result from the superposition method, along with mathematical models of micro-/macro-strengthening and intercrystalline or transcrystalline crack formation, which are induced by these stress-field interactions. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum. The materials consist of an isotropic matrix with isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions. These stresses are a consequence of the difference between dimensions of crystalline lattices, which are mutually transformed during the phase-transformation process in the inclusions or the matrix.The mathematical models include microstructural parameters of a real matrix-inclusion composite, and are applicable to composites with ellipsoidal inclusions of different morphology. In case of a real matrix-inclusion composite, such numerical values of the parameters can be determined, which result in maximum values of the micro- and macro-strengthening, and which define limit states with respect to the inter- or transcrystalline crack formation in the matrix the ellipsoidal inclusion.
Interpretive Solutions for Dynamic Structures Through ABAQUS Finite Element Packages
ABAQUS software is a general-purpose finite element simulation package mainly used for numerically solving a wide variety of design engineering problems; however, its application to simulate the dynamic structures within the civil engineering domain is highly complicated. Therefore, this book aims to present specific complicated and puzzling challenges encountered in the application of Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving the problems related to Structural Dynamics using ABAQUS software that can fully utilize this method in complex simulation and analysis. Various chapters of this book demonstrate the process for the modeling and analysis of impenetrable problems through simplified step-by-step illustration by presenting screenshots from ABAQUS software in each part/step and showing various graphs.Highlights: Focuses on solving problems related to Structural Dynamics using ABAQUS software Helps to model and analyze the different types of structures under various dynamic and cyclic loads Discusses the simulation of irregularly-shaped objects comprising several different materials with multipart boundary conditions Includes the application of various load effects to develop structural models using ABAQUS software Covers a broad array of applications such as bridges, offshores, dams, and seismic resistant systems Overall, this book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in structural engineering, solid mechanics, and civil engineering.
Sandwich Composites
A composite sandwich panel is a hybrid material made up of constituents such as a face sheet, a core, and adhesive film for bonding the face sheet and core together. Advances in materials have provided designers with several choices for developing sandwich structures with advanced functionalities. The selection of a material in the sandwich construction is based on the cost, availability, strength requirements, ease of manufacturing, machinability, and post-manufacturing process requirements. Sandwich Composites: Fabrication and Characterization provides insights into composite sandwich panels based on the material aspects, mechanical properties, defect characterization, and secondary processes after the fabrication, such as drilling and repair.FEATURES Outlines existing fabrication methods and various materials aspects Examines composite sandwich panels made of different face sheets and core materials Covers the response of composite sandwich panels to static and dynamic loads Describes parameters governing the drilling process and repair procedures Discusses the applications of composite sandwich panels in various fields Explores the role of 3D printing in the fabrication of composite sandwich panels Due to the wide scope of the topics covered, this book is suitable for researchers and scholars in the research and development of composite sandwich panels. This book can also be used as a reference by professionals and engineers interested in understanding the factors governing the material properties, material response, and the failure behavior under various mechanical loads.
Foreign Object Debris and Damage in Aviation
Foreign Object Debris and Damage in Aviation discusses both biological and non-biological Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and associated Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in aviation. The book provides a comprehensive treatment of the wide spectrum of FOD with numerous cost, management, and wildlife considerations.Management control for the debris begins at the aircraft design phase, and the book includes numerical analyses for estimating damage caused by strikes. The book explores aircraft operation in adverse weather conditions and inanimate FOD management programs for airports, airlines, airframe, and engine manufacturers. It focuses on the sources of FOD, the categories of damage caused by FOD, and both the direct and indirect costs caused by FOD. In addition, the book provides management plans for wildlife, including positive and passive methods.The book will interest aviation industry personnel, aircraft transport and ground operators, aircraft pilots, and aerospace or aviation engineers. Readers will learn to manage FOD to guarantee air traffic safety with minimum costs to airlines and airports.
Theory of Transformations in Steels
Written by the leading authority in the field of solid-state phase transformations, Theory of Transformations in Steels is the first book to provide readers with a complete discussion of the theory of transformations in steel. Offers comprehensive treatment of solid-state transformations, covering the vast number in steels Serves as a single source for almost any aspect of the subject Features discussion of physical properties, thermodynamics, diffusion, and kinetics Covers ferrites, martensite, cementite, carbides, nitrides, substitutionally-alloyed precipitates, and pearlite Contains a thoroughly researched and comprehensive list of references as further and recommended reading With its broad and deep coverage of the subject, this work aims at inspiring research within the field of materials science and metallurgy.
Magnetostatic Waves in Inhomogeneous Fields
This reference examines magnetostatic waves and their distribution in non-uniformly magnetized films and structures. The work will be of interest to researchers working on high-performance analog information processing devices including filters, delay lines, phase shifters, frequency converters, non-reciprocal and non-linear devices.
Composite Materials
This book provides an in-depth description of the synthesis, properties, and various characterisation techniques used for the study of composite materials. It also covers applications and simulation tests of these advanced materials.
Solving Complex Problems for Structures and Bridges using ABAQUS Finite Element Package
This book aims to present specific complicated and puzzling challenges encountered for application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in solving Structural Engineering problems by using ABAQUS software, which can fully utilize this method in complex simulation and analysis.Therefore, an attempt has been to demonstrate the all process for modeling and analysis of impenetrable problems through simplified step by step illustrations with presenting screenshots from software in each part and also showing graphs.Farzad Hejazi is the Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), and a Senior Visiting Academic at the University of Sheffield, UK.Hojjat Mohammadi Esfahani, an expert on Finite Element Simulation, has more than 10 years of experience in the teaching and training of Finite Element packages, such as ABAQUS.
Composite Materials
This textbook cover manufacturing, mechanics and dynamic mechanical analysis of composites in a comprehensive manner. It will be an ideal text for senior undergraduate and graduate students for a course on composite materials in the fields of mechanical engineering, automobile engineering and electronics engineering.
An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
The core content of even the most intricate intellectual edifices is often a simple fact or idea. So is it with quantum mechanics; the entire mathematical fabric of the formal description of quantum mechanics stems essentially from the fact that quantum probabilities interfere (i.e., from the superposition principle). This book is dedicated to substantiating this claim. In the process, the book tries to demonstrate how the factual content of quantum mechanics can be transcribed in the formal language of vector spaces and linear transformations by disentangling the empirical content from the usual formal description. More importantly, it tries to bring out what this transcription achieves.The book uses a pedagogic strategy which reverse engineers the postulates of quantum mechanics to device a schematic outline of the empirical content of quantum mechanics from which the postulates are then reconstructed step by step. This strategy is adopted to avoid the disconcerting details of actual experiments (however simplified) to spare the beginner of issues that lurk in the fragile foundations of the subject.In the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the key idea is measurement. But "measurement" carries an entirely different meaning from the connotation that the term carries elsewhere in physics. This book strives to underline this as strongly as possible.The book is intended as an undergraduate text for a first course in quantum mechanics. Since the book is self contained, it may also be used by enthusiastic outsiders interested to get a glimpse of the core content of the subject.Features: Demonstrates why linear algebra is the appropriate mathematical language for quantum mechanics. Uses a reconstructive approach to motivate the postulates of quantum mechanics. Builds the vocabulary of quantum mechanics by showing how the entire body of its conceptual ingredients can be constructed from the single notion of quantum measurement.
Non-Conventional Hybrid Machining Processes
This new book covers process optimization and process capability for hybrid NCMP (nonconventional machining process), and combines NCMP and conventional machining removal processes for various hybridized processes.This book is focused on understanding the basic mechanism of some of the NCMPs for their possible hybridization. This book can be used for the development of a basic framework on hybridization for the selected NCMP. The framework is further strengthened by case studies included in this book. The concept of macro-modeling for NCMP and the framework for the development of industrial standards have been outlined. This book is of interest to researchers and graduate students working in the field of hybrid NCMP, especially for the development of novel processes. Field engineers of NCMP may also use it for further process development. Features: Provides a detailed description of mechanism for different NCMPs for possible hybridization. Includes a case study on mechanism of processes. Offers a systematic approach for understanding NCMP. Covers the issues of process optimization and process capability for hybrid NCMP.
Phase-Transformation Stresses in Composite Materials I
This book presents original mathematical models of phase-transformation stresses in composite materials, along with mathematical models of phase-transformation induced micro-/macro-strengthening and intercrystalline or transcrystalline crack formation. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum. The materials consist of an isotropic matrix with isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions. These stresses are a consequence of the difference between dimensions of crystalline lattices, which are mutually transformed during the phase-transformation process in the inclusions or the matrix. The mathematical models include microstructural parameters of a real matrix-inclusion composite, and are applicable to composites with ellipsoidal inclusions of different morphology (e.g., dual-phase steel, martensitic steel). In case of a real matrix-inclusion composite, such numerical values of the microstructural parameters can be determined, which result in maximum values of the micro- and macro-strengthening, and which define limit states with respect to the intercrystalline or transcrystalline crack formation in the matrix and the ellipsoidal inclusion.
Phase-Transformation Stresses in Composite Materials II
This book presents original mathematical models of phase-transformation stresses in composite materials with three components. In contrast to mathematical models for two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume, the three-component materials consist of an isotropic matrix and isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions with an isotropic ellipsoidal envelope. These stresses are a consequence of the difference between dimensions of crystalline lattices, which are mutually transformed during the phase-transformation process in the inclusions, the envelope or the matrix.The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum, and results in different mathematical solutions. Due to these different mathematical solutions, the principle of minimum elastic energy is considered. The mathematical models for the three-component materials are applicable to those for the phase-transfromation induced micro-/macro-strengthening and crack formation in the two-component materials, which are determined in the first volume.
Thermal-Stress-Field Interactions in Composite Materials III
This book presents original mathematical models of thermal-stress-field interactions in composite materials, along with mathematical models of thermal-stress induced micro/macro-strengthening and intercrystalline or transcrystalline crack formation. The mathematical determination results from mechanics of an isotropic elastic continuum. The materials consist of an isotropic matrix with isotropic ellipsoidal inclusions. The thermal stresses are a consequence of different thermal expansion coefficients of the material components. The interactions are determined by suitable mathematical boundary conditions, as well as by a suitable iteration method. The mathematical models include microstructural parameters of a real matrix-inclusion composite, and are applicable to composites with ellipsoidal inclusions of different morphology (e.g., dual-phase steel, martensitic steel). In case of a real matrix-inclusion composite, such numerical values of the microstructural parameters can be determined, which result in maximum values of the strengthening, and which define limit states with respect to the crack formation.
Nano-Science in Fluid Mechanics
Nano technology, the fourth wave of the industrial revolution, is a huge phenomenon that has entered all scientific trends and is one of the new technologies that is developing at the fastest possible speed. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the scope of building design and construction has witnessed new innovations in the field of more efficient and efficient materials, malleability, durability and ability compared to traditional materials. Its main topic is the containment of matter or devices with dimensions less than one micrometer, usually around 1 to 100 nanometers. In fact, nanotechnology is the understanding and application of new properties of materials and systems in these dimensions that exhibit new physical effects - mainly influenced by the dominance of quantum properties over classical properties.
Applied Continuum Mechanics for Thermo-Fluids
Applied Continuum Mechanics for Thermo-Fluids presents the tensor notation rules and integral theorems before defining the preliminary concepts and applications of continuum mechanics. It bridges the gap between physical concepts and mathematical expressions with a rigorous mathematical treatment. After discussing fundamental concepts of continuum mechanics, the text explains basic subjects such as the Stokes hypothesis, the second coefficient of viscosity, non-Newtonian fluids, non-symmetric stress tensor, and the full Navier-Stokes equation. With coverage of interdisciplinary topics, the book highlights issues such as relativistic fluid mechanics, stochastic mechanics, fractional calculus, nanoscale fluid mechanics, polar fluids, electrodynamics, and traffic flows. It describes fundamental concepts of vorticity dynamics, including the definition of vorticity and circulation, with corresponding balance equations and related theorems.This text is intended for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical, chemical, aerospace, civil engineering, and physics students taking continuum mechanics, advanced fluid mechanics, convective heat transfer, turbulence, or any other similar courses. In addition, this book can be an excellent resource for scientists who want to initiate research on topics related to thermo-fluids.Instructors will be able to utilize a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for their courses. The eBook+ version includes the following enhancements: Videos placed throughout the text containing further explanation of key topics Multiple-choice quizzes to reinforce readers' understanding of physical concepts
Machine Learning Models for Industrialized Paints and Coatings
Over time, improvements in the study and theoretical formulation of commercially available coatings and paints have been made using thermodynamic and general property models. These models aid in reducing the number of materials and required design time. Nonetheless, this cannot be ignored when predicting service life, creating new products, or validating experiments. These models aid formulation chemists in expediting the design process, allowing them to concentrate on their experimental work on the coating formulation's component parts. Only if there is a substantial amount of data on observed anomalies from theoretical predictions based on physiochemistry, can machine learning algorithms help increase the accuracy of predictive approaches. This book discusses a number of commercialized layer qualities, including materials, mechanical properties, high-temperature performance, residual stress, failure processes, and life prediction methods.
Sewing machine Maintenance Text Book For Vocational Training Institute
Regular maintenance of the apparel machines will highlight any flaws and timely repair works can be carried out. If the equipment/machines are well maintained, it is less likely to breakdown, resulting to increase idle time, fewer repair costs and thereby increased revenue. To help with this, this training module covers this module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the Garment Production occupational standard.
Mechanics of Laminated Composite Structures
In this textbook for students of laminated composite materials, composite structures, and anisotropic elasticity, Chyanbin Hwu draws on more than three decades of research and applications experience to provide a leading resource on many unique topics related to laminated composite structures.This book introduces the mechanical behavior of laminated composite materials and provides related theories and solutions. All basic structural elements such as beams, plates, and shells are described in detail. Further contents include composite sandwich construction and composite wing structures. To connect with practical engineering applications and analyze more complicated real structures, numerical methods and their theoretical basis in anisotropic elasticity are also included. Advanced topics addressed include solutions for magneto-electro-elastic laminated plates; Green's functions for thick laminated plates and beams; typical thick laminated beams; theory for general laminated composite shells; sandwich beams, plates, and cylindrical shells as well as delaminated composite sandwich beams; modeling and analysis of composite wing structures; complex variable theories of anisotropic elasticity and the related Green's functions; and numerical methods such as finite element method, boundary element method and meshless method. Through this book, readers will learn not only the mechanics of laminated composite structures but also anisotropic elasticity and some popular numerical methods.This textbook is vital for advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the mechanics of composite materials, composite structures, and anisotropic elasticity, such as aerospace, mechanical, civil, and naval engineering; applied mechanics; and engineering science. It is also useful for engineers working in these fields and applied mathematicians and material scientists.
Elaboration and characterisation of thin films
Thin films have many practical applications in fields as diverse as optics, electronics, sensors and mechanics. It has therefore become absolutely essential to know and understand the mechanisms of thin-film growth for the realization of these devices. This is the aim of this work, which is presented in a manuscript structured into four chapters.The first chapter is devoted to introducing some notions of surface structure, followed by a description of a few types of surface.In the second chapter, we give a fairly general presentation of substrate treatments.In the third chapter, we present the various stages of sample preparation prior to thin-film deposition. In this section, we also present the various thin-film deposition techniques, along with their applications, advantages and disadvantages. Characterization techniques (structural, chemical composition, optical properties, electrical and mechanical properties) are the subject of the fourth chapter.
Lectures on Analytical Mechanics
Written by professional physicists with over 140 years' of teaching experience combined, this book is aimed at students and lecturers in physics. The authors present analytical mechanics as the basis for the study of theoretical physics, its methods and ideas forming the foundation of all other branches including quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and field theory. The book begins by discussing the motion of particles in a central field and scattering of particles based on Newton's equations. It then introduces and explores Lagrange equations for various systems, linear and non-linear oscillations, Hamiltonian formalism, and the motion of a rigid body. Each topic is accompanied by problems that are suitable for seminars and testing. The book also includes five supplemental sections, which provide practical illustrations of the theoretical material. These sections can be used by teachers as the basis for conducting a specialized course, or by curious students who wish to explore different applications of analytical mechanics independently.
Lectures on Analytical Mechanics
Written by professional physicists with over 140 years' of teaching experience combined, this book is aimed at students and lecturers in physics. The authors present analytical mechanics as the basis for the study of theoretical physics, its methods and ideas forming the foundation of all other branches including quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and field theory. The book begins by discussing the motion of particles in a central field and scattering of particles based on Newton's equations. It then introduces and explores Lagrange equations for various systems, linear and non-linear oscillations, Hamiltonian formalism, and the motion of a rigid body. Each topic is accompanied by problems that are suitable for seminars and testing. The book also includes five supplemental sections, which provide practical illustrations of the theoretical material. These sections can be used by teachers as the basis for conducting a specialized course, or by curious students who wish to explore different applications of analytical mechanics independently.
Stability of Elongated Rectangular Plates
In this monograph the research of the problem related to the theory of stability of elongated plates supported along the contour by thin-walled rods of open profile is presented.A methodology for the formulation of boundary conditions along the line of contact between the plate and the reinforcing rods (ribs), which takes into account the constrained torsion and shear deformation at the bending of the latter, is proposed.A number of problems on stability and finding deflections and forces in the stability of elongated plates are solved in closed form; a number of problems are solved approximated using the Bubnov-Galerkin method.The monograph will be of interest to a wide range of readers: engineers, researchers, postgraduates, students specializing in the field of mechanics of solid deformable bodies, as well as to all those who are interested in this direction of mechanics.
One-Matter Nature Science
The (nature) science discovered by Copernicus and Galileo during the 16th and 17th Centuries has a definition of using a specific scientific method, the experimental method, to make scientific discoveries to ensure that science has only one correct answer and to interpret findings leading to the development of mechanical physics. The definition of science must be obeyed to be correct science. Yet, the theories of modern physics disobey the definition of science by using the mathematic-derivation method to offer a second scientific answer, which is wrong scientifically. Einstein's scientific revolution has misled our scientific community to develop and to teach modern physics as the mainstream of thought of today's science. A scientific revolution is needed to remove modern physics from science and to bring our scientific community including our government back to original science.This 2nd edition book adds my new theories of light and Galaxy to further prove that the original science or the one-matter nature science is the only and entire correct science.
