Is Evolution ProvedA Debate Between Douglas Dewar
Explore the intricate and enduring debate surrounding the theory of evolution in "Is Evolution Proved: A Debate Between Douglas Dewar." This book delves into a historical discussion of evolutionary science, exploring arguments for and against the central tenets of Darwinism. H.S. Shelton presents a comprehensive examination of the scientific evidence and philosophical implications that shaped the understanding of evolution in the mid-20th century.This work offers readers a unique opportunity to engage with the historical context of scientific debates and to understand the complexities of reconciling scientific theories with broader worldviews. A valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of science, the philosophy of biology, and the ongoing dialogue between science and religion.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and Viruses; Bacteriological Code, Publication Date
This volume presents the "International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and Viruses," also known as the Bacteriological Code, as of its publication date in June 1958. Authored by the International Committee on Bacteriological Nomenclature, this document establishes the rules and recommendations governing the naming of bacterial and viral species. It provides a standardized framework crucial for clarity and consistency in scientific communication and research. This historical document is essential for researchers, historians of science, and legal scholars interested in the development of scientific standards and the evolution of biological classification. It offers valuable insights into the processes by which scientific consensus is achieved and formalized, with enduring relevance to modern bacteriological and virological studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nitrification In Soils And In Solutions
"Nitrification In Soils And In Solutions" (1909) examines the microbial processes by which ammonia is converted to nitrite and then to nitrate in soil and liquid environments. This early work in soil microbiology provides insights into the bacteria responsible for nitrification, the conditions affecting the process, and its significance in agriculture and environmental science. F.L. Stevens presents detailed observations and experimental results, offering a foundational understanding of nitrification for researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the historical development of soil science and bacteriology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Nautilus
"The Nautilus" (33-34), published by the American Malacological Union, explores the fascinating world of mollusks and marine life. This volume offers insights into the study of shells and their natural history. A valuable resource for both amateur enthusiasts and professional researchers, "The Nautilus" provides a detailed look at the diverse species within this biological class. It is an essential addition to any collection focusing on marine biology and natural history.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Symposium on Respiratory Enzymes
"A Symposium on Respiratory Enzymes" presents a detailed exploration of respiratory enzymes and the biological action of vitamins. Compiled from contributions by leading researchers at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Chicago, including Otto Meyerhof, this volume captures a critical moment in the development of biochemistry and physiology. The discussions delve into the intricate mechanisms of enzymes involved in respiration, offering insights into their structure, function, and interaction with vitamins. This work is an invaluable resource for historians of science, biochemists, and anyone interested in the foundations of modern enzymology and the study of metabolic processes. It provides a snapshot of the scientific discourse and experimental approaches of the era, making it a significant addition to collections focused on the history of biochemistry and molecular biology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Body-build and its Inheritance
"Body-build and its Inheritance" (1923) by Charles Benedict Davenport explores the scientific understanding of human physical variation and its genetic basis in the early 20th century. Davenport, a prominent biologist and eugenicist, examines the inheritance of body types and physical characteristics. This work reflects the scientific trends and perspectives of its time, offering insights into the study of human anatomy, genetics, and heredity. While some of the ideas presented are now considered outdated or controversial, the book remains a valuable historical document, illustrating the development of scientific thought on human diversity and inheritance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sex in Microorganisms; a Symposium Presented on December 30, 1951, at the Philadelphia Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
"Sex in Microorganisms" presents the proceedings of a symposium held on December 30, 1951, at the Philadelphia meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This collection of papers explores the then-current understanding of sexual processes in microorganisms. Featuring contributions from leading scientists of the time, the book offers insights into early research in microbial genetics and cell biology. While the field has advanced significantly since its original publication, this volume remains a valuable historical resource for those interested in the development of microbiology and the study of genetic exchange in simple organisms. It provides a fascinating glimpse into the scientific questions and methodologies that shaped our current knowledge.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Experimental Biology
"Experimental Biology" by Richard W. Van Norman, likely from 1962, offers a comprehensive introduction to conducting experiments in the life sciences. This text explores the fundamental principles of the scientific method and its application to biological research. The book likely provides detailed guidance on designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Readers interested in gaining practical experience in the laboratory will find this book a valuable resource. It probably covers a range of experimental techniques and protocols essential for understanding biological processes and phenomena. A classic text for students and researchers seeking to develop their skills in experimental design and analysis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cell Physiology and Pharmacology
Cell Physiology and Pharmacology explores the fundamental principles governing the functions of living cells and the influence of pharmacological agents on these processes. This work by J.F. Danielli delves into the intricate mechanisms that dictate cellular behavior and how drugs interact with cells to produce specific effects. With a focus on physiological and pharmacological concepts, this book offers an in-depth examination of cellular functions and drug actions. This text provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between cells and pharmacological substances. Though written in 1949, the foundational principles explored provide essential context for understanding modern advances in cell biology and pharmacology. It is suitable for students and researchers seeking to establish a robust understanding of cell physiology and the mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Next Species
We are at the crossroads of the next evolutionary leap. It could be an inevitable odyssey we have to take in a short while. It could be a symbiotic merging with the intelligent machines we are creating, or it could be a strife between biological and digital intelligence. A glimpse back at the past is an essential requisite for navigating the future. This book explores how we evolved from an accidental protein to the exalted human species through the processes of natural selection and rejection, collectively known as 'evolution, ' spanning the past 3.5 to 4 billion years. It examines how various life forms evolved and how we transformed from our ape-like ancestors into self-aware, intelligent, and beautiful humans. Evolution appears to favour increased beauty and intelligence in all living things. This non-fiction book, 'The Next Species: Beyond DNA.', explores the exciting/frightening possibilities for the future of humanity. I've made every effort to present these ideas in a way that is accessible to everyone. That said, some academic terms might have slipped in here and there. It is hard to avoid entirely. The topics are arranged in a logical, step-by-step order, but feel free to skip a chapter or section if you find it too technical. The goal is for you to enjoy the journey and grasp the bigger picture. We have surpassed nature and taken control of our evolutionary saga through advances in genetic engineering and nanotechnology. At the same time, digital technology is making us more and more dependent on computers, mobile devices, and the internet. AI is projected to surpass human intelligence in a few years. One of the challenges our species faces is whether super-intelligent machines will dominate the world, rendering humans subservient. What kind of morality and ethics, these machines adopt if at all they develop consciousness? This book aims to reflect on the future of humanity in this super-fast developing technology, with a discussion on the opinions of scientists, philosophers, theologians, teleologists, and others.
Molecular Breeding and Genetics Research in Plants
The following Special Issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology comprises an Editorial and 19 studies highlighting advancements in molecular breeding, genomics, and gene characterization to enhance crop yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Together, these studies offer valuable insights to support sustainable agriculture and cover five key topics: (i) advances in molecular breeding and genetics; (ii) stress tolerance and environmental adaptation; (iii) plant health and resistance to weeds and diseases; (iv) anthocyanin biosynthesis and pigmentation; and (v) specialized functional studies. Collectively, these contributions present innovative findings that advance our understanding of molecular breeding and genetics in plants.
Artificial Intelligence Innovations for Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare
Artificial Intelligence Innovations for Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare bridges the evolving domains of artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering and healthcare. In an era where data-driven insights and precision medicine are essential in healthcare, this book explores emerging trends and showcases AI's potential in transforming patient care, diagnosis, and the treatment of chronic diseases. It simplifies the relationship between artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering, elucidating how these technologies are revolutionizing self-care. The book goes on to examine how advanced technologies, including complex networks and AI-driven diagnostics are reshaping the healthcare landscape. From decoding complex networks to revealing AI's role in treating chronic diseases, this book serves as a guide to understanding how innovation is reshaping the healthcare landscape.
Enzymes of Polyamine Metabolism
Enzymes of Polyamine Metabolism, Volume 715 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Convergence of MYC and the hypusine circuits in the control of metabolism, HDAC10 structure and enzymology, TR-FRET Assay for Profiling HDAC10 Inhibitors and PROTACs, Polyamine Transport Inhibitors: Methods and caveats associated with measuring polyamine uptake in mammalian cells, Evaluation of platinum drug toxicity resulting from polyamine catabolism, Measurements of acrolein adducts resulting from polyamine catabolism, Alterations in polyamine metabolism induced by the pathogen Helicobacter pylori: implications for gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis, and much more. Other sections delve into Molecular and biochemical analysis of eIF5A, Analysis of in vivo SMOX activity, Structure and role of ATP13A2 in polyamine transport, Analysis of Translational Regulation Using Polysome Profiling and Puromycin Incorporation, Targeting polyamine metabolism in an ex vivo prostatectomy model, Development and characterization of a Drosophila model of SRS, Monitoring ODC activity and polyamines in Bachmann-Bupp syndrome patient biological samples, Gene replacement therapy to restore polyamine metabolism, Investigation of polyamine metabolism in bone homeostasis, Collection, preparation, and biobanking of clinical specimens for polyamine analysis, and many other topics.
Biotechnological Potential of Ascidians
As blue biotechnology--the application of science and technology to living aquatic organisms for the production of knowledge, goods, and services--is gaining momentum in recent decades, this volume provides needed and the state-of-the-art information on the biotechnological potential of the as-yet understudied world of ascidians (sea squirts) of the different seas and oceans.It covers their biotechnological applications in the production and development of human food and as feed for aquatic farmed animals; for their therapeutic values from natural compounds in medicine; for their production of pure and high-quality cellulose that can be used in industrial products and by-products; for their bioremediating agents against marine pollution; as well as for their uses in bioethanol production.Biotechnological Potential of Ascidians: Wacky and Weird Sea Squirts is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers as well as students and faculty in marine biology and fisheries science as well as for industry professionals looking into exploring new marine sources for the development of food, feed, drugs, fuel, and more.
Everything Evolves
How the science of evolution explains how everything came to be, from bacteria and blue whales to cell phones, cities, and artificial intelligence Everything Evolves reveals how evolutionary dynamics shape the world as we know it and how we are harnessing the principles of evolution in pursuit of many goals, such as increasing the global food supply and creating artificial intelligence capable of evolving its own solutions to thorny problems. Taking readers on an astonishing journey, Mark Vellend describes how all observable phenomena in the universe can be understood through two sciences. The first is physics. The second is the science of evolvable systems. Vellend shows how this Second Science unifies biology and culture and how evolution gives rise to everything from viruses and giraffes to nation-states, technology, and us. He discusses how the idea of evolution had precedents in areas such as language and economics long before it was made famous by Darwin, and how only by freeing ourselves of the notion that the study of evolution must start with biology can we appreciate the true breadth of evolutionary processes. A sweeping tour of the natural and social sciences, Everything Evolves is an essential introduction to one of the two key pillars to the scientific enterprise and an indispensable guide to understanding some of the most difficult challenges of the Anthropocene.
Animal and Vegetable Physiology
"Animal and Vegetable Physiology" by Peter Mark Roget offers a detailed exploration into the functions and processes of living organisms. Published in 1834, this work provides insights into the biological sciences of the early 19th century, examining the intricacies of both animal and plant life. Roget's systematic approach covers a range of topics, making it a valuable resource for understanding the foundations of modern physiology. Readers interested in the history of science and the development of biological thought will find this book particularly engaging. Roget's meticulous observations and comprehensive analysis reflect the scientific curiosity of his era, offering a glimpse into the knowledge and methodologies of early biological research. This classic text remains relevant for its historical significance and its contribution to the understanding of life sciences.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Space Biology and Space Biotechnology
Space Biology and Space Biotechnology provides the reader with a wide-ranging review of space biology and related fields. Topics covered include the space environment, space microbiology, space botany, space hydrobiology, space physiology, space development, space ecology, animal and tissue engineering, space simulation technology, and space pharmaceuticals. Written for professionals in biology and biotechnology, graduate students and post-docs, as well as spaceflight professionals in industry, academia and government, this book covers all the right bases in space biology and biotechnology.
Animal and Vegetable Physiology
"Animal and Vegetable Physiology" by Peter Mark Roget offers a detailed exploration into the functions and processes of living organisms. Published in 1834, this work provides insights into the biological sciences of the early 19th century, examining the intricacies of both animal and plant life. Roget's systematic approach covers a range of topics, making it a valuable resource for understanding the foundations of modern physiology. Readers interested in the history of science and the development of biological thought will find this book particularly engaging. Roget's meticulous observations and comprehensive analysis reflect the scientific curiosity of his era, offering a glimpse into the knowledge and methodologies of early biological research. This classic text remains relevant for its historical significance and its contribution to the understanding of life sciences.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds in Human Health
This Special Issue presents the latest research findings and existing knowledge regarding the disease prevention effects (including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular-protective, skin-protective, and neuroprotective activities) of dietary bioactive compounds. The underlying molecular mechanisms of how these dietary bioactive compounds regulate their health-promoting effects are discussed. The Special Issue includes eleven papers covering the above-mentioned aspects, with six reviews and five research papers. The results of the above-mentioned studies will fill the gap between our knowledge of natural bioactive compounds and their underlying cellular signaling and molecular mechanisms. Further studies are needed to discover the cross-connections between oxidative stress and disease prevention in signaling pathways networks.
Gene Editing by CRISPR-Cas
This book entitled "Gene Editing by CRISPR-Cas" provides a comprehensive and well-structured approach on the historical context of genetics and gene editing techniques leading to the ground-breaking discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Parasites and Infection
Parasitism is an ecological relationship in which an organism, a parasite, lives inside or on another organism, the host, with the former depending on the latter to acquire shelter and essential nutrients, and survive. Thus, it is a relationship that benefits the parasite at the expense of the host, but does not necessarily result in the host's death. In humans, parasitic diseases hamper development and still cause high mortality, especially in children in developing countries. Parasitic infections in poultry, cattle, or swine, for example, are responsible for economic losses in livestock. Indeed, the proximity to infected animals puts humans at risk of zoonosis. Herein are thirteen publications covering basic biology, genetics, new diagnostic tools and treatments, control strategies, disease epidemiology, and the pathogenesis of protozoan and helminth parasites of medical importance.
Photodynamic Therapy for the Management of Disease
Advances in medical technology have brought the use of photosensitizing materials and light for treating diverse ailments to a new level, with reduced adverse effects and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This new book focuses on diffusion optical imaging, a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for real-time visualization of the treatment area, and explores its application for treating patients through various modes. The volume discusses photodynamic treatement for pharmacological intervention, breast cancer diagnosis using biophotonics, photothermal therapy for cancer with gold nanoparticles, photobiomodulation therapy for the brain, with a specific focus on its potential impact on neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and more.
Recent Advances and New Challenges in Coupled Systems and Networks
This Special Issue is in honor of Professor Roderick Melnik, who has pioneered many advanced mathematical models and has significantly contributed to this field over the past few decades. This Reprint is dedicated to the recent advancements, developments, and challenges pertaining to the development of current state-of-the-art models focused on mathematical and computational sciences, with their applications in relation to modeling natural, social, and engineering systems. We believe that this Reprint will provide the readers with ample knowledge and lead to the generation of novel ideas for future advancement, pushing the boundaries of knowledge in mathematical and computational sciences and their multifaceted applications.
Emergence and Control of African Swine Fever
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious viral disease found in domestic pigs, wild boars, and wild suids, and it has significant economic consequences. This disease is currently endemic in many parts of the world, but the lack of an effective commercial vaccine for prevention and control makes the threat of ASF spreading to ASF-free regions more prominent. Currently, the emergence of a new highly lethal genotype I and II recombinant African swine fever viruses disrupted the ability of available vaccine candidates against genotype II in order to protect pigs against ASF. The emergence of this recombinant virus is an example of the complex dynamics that involve the natural infectious cycle of this pathogen. Currently, more research studies are needed to improve the control of ASF. These collections of studies include the areas of control (vaccination, drugs, disinfectants, and immunology), epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics. The studies compiled in this Reprint contribute to improving the knowledge of several critical aspects of this complex disease. I encourage the scientific community of ASFV to review these published studies.
Detection, Control, Risk Assessment, and Prevention of Foodborne Microorganisms
Despite sustained efforts by governments and the food industry, enteric foodborne diseases remain a global public health concern, contributing significantly to disease burden and mortality. Although some major pathogens have shown stable incidence rates in recent years, others continue to emerge or increase in prevalence, posing ongoing challenges to food safety systems. Emerging risks are being driven by shifts in consumer behavior, globalization of food trade, advances in processing technologies, and population aging. In a new era of food safety, underpinned by a risk-based approach, omics data and quantitative tools are promising assets to combat enteric foodborne diseases. This Special Issue contains original manuscripts presenting novel approaches for the detection, control, and prevention of enteric foodborne microorganisms. Some manuscripts also combined quantitative and molecular methods to study the emergence and reemergence of foodborne pathogens. Contributions applying quantitative risk assessment approaches, supported by computational tools, to explore microbial food safety issues in greater depth were also welcomed.
Association of Dietary Intake with Chronic Disease and Human Health
Chronic diseases represent one of the most pressing global health challenges, placing an immense burden on individuals and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems. While their development is influenced by multiple factors, an increasing amount of evidence highlights the pivotal role of diet and lifestyle in both prevention and management. Understanding how dietary interventions mitigate chronic conditions is essential for developing effective, sustainable health strategies. A balanced diet is widely recognized as a key factor in reducing the risk of chronic metabolic diseases, offering a sustainable and accessible approach to disease prevention and health promotion. While the etiology of chronic disease is complex, many chronic conditions can be mitigated through lifelong adherence to healthy lifestyle practices. Effective management strategies are inherently multidimensional, integrating dietary interventions, regular physical activity, and broader lifestyle modifications. Among these, nutrition plays a pivotal role as it represents a modifiable risk factor for the onset and progression of numerous chronic diseases, whether occurring as isolated conditions or in comorbid states. This Special Issue garners selected contributions that not only explore the scientific underpinnings of dietary interventions but also emphasize the translation of experimental findings into practical, real-world applications. By bridging scientific research with practical applications, this Special Issue will provide significant insights into the development of evidence-based strategies for chronic disease prevention and management.
Benthic Biodiversity from Microbes to Multicellular Organisms and Its Functional Interplays
This Special Issue explores the assessment of benthic biodiversity, spanning microbes, protists, megafauna, and fish, and its responses to both natural and human-induced drivers. It emphasizes how these communities influence key ecosystem functions such as biogeochemical fluxes and material transport across the seafloor. Despite advances in marine ecology, much of the benthic realm-particularly beyond macrofauna-remains poorly understood. By bringing together observational, experimental, and modeling approaches, this collection provides new insights into the complex dynamics of benthic communities and their reactions to environmental gradients and anthropogenic pressures.
Sharks
The extraordinary journeys of sharks are revealed by Michael Bright in the beautiful and sweeping Sharks. Bright shines attention on the thousands of miles some sharks traverse through the world's oceans, taking weeks or even months to reach their destinations. He highlights sharks that perform there-and-back vertical migrations, rising from the depths to cover a mile or more in a single day. He compares the local movements of whitetip reef sharks with the epic ocean-spanning migrations of dusky sharks. Why, though, do sharks travel such distances, and how do they find their way? Cutting-edge research and innovative tracking technologies, such as acoustic devices and satellite tags, are providing researchers with the tools to answer those questions. Bright explores the latest research and explains some of the many mysteries of shark migration.Sharks explores the migrations of these fascinating creatures, revealing the inherent dangers of their wandering. For, while attacks on humans make the headlines, it is the sharks themselves who face the greatest threat, from humans in return, as they move through the ocean currents.
Editorial Board Members' Collection Series
The Special Issue "Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases" is a collection of papers from our Editorial Board Members and researchers invited by them. The aim is to provide a venue for networking and communication between the journal Medicina and scholars in the field of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases.
Calf Nutrition and Management
This Reprint aims to provide current information on nutritional and management strategies for optimizing calf health, welfare, and development during early life. This critical stage significantly affects the future health, growth, and productivity of calves and has a lasting impact on the future productivity and the sustainability of dairy systems. Contributions within this Reprint explore the effects of colostrum quality and administration, the use of probiotics and nutraceuticals to support immune function and reduce morbidity, and the role of housing and environmental factors in promoting welfare. A novel model for estimating body weight from morphometric data is also presented, accompanied by a user-friendly tool to facilitate on-farm use. A pilot study highlights how early-life disease influences fecal and nasal microbiome development, revealing that microbial assembly is largely governed by stochastic processes. The effect of dietary fiber and forage particle size under heat stress conditions is additionally examined. Together, these contributions support evidence-based approaches to improve short- and long-term outcomes in calf rearing.
Strategic Report on Research and Development in Biotechnology for Defense Innovation
Omics Approaches in Biofilm Research
The increased incidence of microorganisms' selective pressure to traditional antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenomena and has become a global health issue with a catastrophic influence on millions of lives, as well as the global economy. The inherent tendency of pathogenic microorganisms to infer MDR could be attributed to their ability to form recalcitrant biofilm matrices. The biofilm matrix not only advocates chronic nosocomial infections, but also critically provides protection against environmental stress including antibiotic therapies. Biofilm-mediated MDR has posed a serious challenge to human well-being. Henceforth, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of biofilms and the concomitant development of diagnostic & therapeutic modalities to counteract biofilm-mediated chronic infections.The lack of understanding on biofilm biology has a critical negative influence on diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. Therefore, it is imperative to discover the right course of action to understand biofilm mechanics. The advent of Omics-based approaches has provided a holistic realization to understand biofilm ecology with special reference to the pathophysiological interactions of antibiotic-resistant genes, protein-protein interactions, and response-based interactions with therapeutic agents upon infection. The inherent ability of several Omics-based approaches has provided a comprehensive understanding of biofilm dynamics at various levels of organization such as genes, mRNA, proteins, and their regulation. Omics-based tools such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. have provided a new horizon to understand and tackle the biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance. The integrated approach to consider multi-Omics tools (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, etc.) has further improved our understanding of the mechanisms associated with biofilm resistome profile. The applications of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics profiles of biofilm matrices could provide new dimensions in relation to the characteristic properties of different ARGs, their relative expression profiles, and their metabolic intervention in biofilm mechanics. Also, advanced integrated Phenomics, Lipidomics, and Culturomics approaches could provide novel avenues to understand the diverse range of biofilm phenotypes, their macromolecular reorganization profiles, and molecular tools for identification of microbial species in the complex biofilm microenvironment. Based on the advancement in omics-based tools, "Omics Approaches in Biofilm Research: Perspectives and Applications" integrates the current knowledge of biofilm microenvironment and innovative strategies to address biofilm mediated drug resistance. This work provides a comprehensive platform to enhance our knowledge, diagnosis and strategies to mitigate biofilms and associated diseases.
Metareasoning
This Special Issue elucidates current theoretical and methodological developments in the field of metareasoning, which is concerned with the metacognitive processes that monitor and control our ongoing thinking and reasoning. Monitoring processes evaluate the efficacy of the "object-level" cognition that underpins task performance, including processes that are involved in understanding task information, drawing inferences, and making decisions. In contrast, control processes allocate cognitive resources (e.g., attention and working memory), initiate new strategies, and terminate failing ones. The articles in this Special Issue are organised around three themes: The first relates to the interplay between metareasoning and object-level reasoning when the latter is conceptualised from a "dual-process" perspective, whereby relatively rapid, intuitive, and heuristic processes give rise to default responses that can be intervened with by relatively slow, reflective, and analytic processes. The second theme concerns the nature of individual differences in metareasoning, which is a topic currently under increasing scrutiny. The third theme concerns the way in which metareasoning research is rapidly extending its reach to answer challenging questions in new domains of enquiry beyond those that have traditionally been the preserve of investigations. Such research is giving rise to both valuable methodological developments and important theoretical advancements.
Plants, Lichens, Fungi and Algae Ingredients for Nutrition and Health
This Special Issue reveals important information on the possibility of using plant ingredients and by-products to enhance the nutritional and functional value of various staple foods. Furthermore, the use of such ingredients in animal nutrition to achieve superior meat quality will be discussed. This Special Issue highlights the experience of the authors with respect to the utilization of plant ingredients as a sustainable way to enhance the nutritional value of foods, with many benefits such as diminishing nutrient deficiencies, or the manufacture of food for people with dietary requirements such as those with gluten intolerances. The properties of the ingredients used, the manufacturing technologies, and the opportunity to incorporate fruit, vegetable, yeast, and lichen components are key factors for obtaining enriched food products. In addition, current concerns regarding the development of novel food products which exert some health benefits on consumers were also discussed in this Special Issue.
TA Cloning
We have exploited the technique of TA cloning of a gene responsible for antibiotic resistance i.e Kanamycin resistance by following the basic steps involved in the cloning process.Background of the invention An essential requirement for effective genetic engineering of bacteria and other cells propagated in cell cultures is the capacity to select the cells with a specific genotypic alteration. The most common selection strategy in recombinant DNA technology is to include a selection marker in the cloning vector or plasmid. A selection marker can be a cloned gene or a DNA sequence, which allows the separation of the host cells containing the selection marker from those not containing it. The selection marker together with a suitable selection medium maintains the cloning vector in the cells. Otherwise, since the replication of plasmids is an energetic burden for the bacterial host, in a growing cultures the bacteria, which have lost the plasmid, would have a growth advantage over the cells with the plasmid.
Study on Prognostic Marker Mucin1
Mucin1 is an important tumor marker, and is notable for the autoproteolytic event, a signature of all SEA domain containing proteins. This work reports an in silico, study of the structural and functional significance of the 18 residue insert in the autoproteolytic process and also the peptide inhibitors for preventing its receptor-ligand alliance. It also reports ligand scaffolds that could effectively participate in inhibition of autoproteolysis of mucin 1. The study reveals both isoforms to poses an intact SEA domain, with an altered functional scaffold around the cleavage site. Mutation analysis by alanine substitutions at the insert region revealed ILE67 to be more destabilizing, resulting in increased fluctuation of the neighboring residues. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation revealed Isoleucine67 to contribute more to the structural and functional properties of the protein and therefore is one of the crucial residues for the cleavable nature of MUC1/X. Through virtual screeing and docking two ligand scaffolds were identified that have higher binding affinity towards the cleavage site.
Overview of Prostate Cancer and its Diagnostic Techniques
Prostate cancer remains one of the prevalent malignancies affecting men globally. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States and many other countries.A liquid biopsy refers to a non-invasive diagnostic test that detects cancer-related biomarkers shed by tumors into the bloodstream or other bodily fluids. Early Detection and Screening Liquid biopsies have the potential to aid in the early detection of prostate cancer, particularly in high-risk populations. By analyzing PSA levels and genetic markers, liquid biopsies can provide insights into a patient's risk profile, leading to timely interventions. Monitoring Disease Progression Liquid biopsies allow for real-time monitoring of cancer progression without the need for repeated invasive procedures.
Seroepidemiology of Transfusion Transmitted Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and
The seroepidemiology of transfusion- transmitted infections such as Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and parvovirus B19 among healthy blood donors in India underscores a significant public health concern, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, neonates, and pregnant women. Studies from various regions in India reveal that the seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies among blood donors ranges from approximately 20% to 25%, indicating past exposure, with a smaller percentage showing IgM positivity, suggesting recent infections . CMV exhibits a notably high seroprevalence among Indian blood donors, with IgG positivity rates reported between 90% and 97%, reflecting widespread prior exposure, while IgM positivity remains low, indicating fewer recent infections . Parvovirus B19 seroprevalence studies indicate that IgG antibodies are present in approximately 27% to 40% of donors, signifying previous exposure, with IgM antibodies detected in about 1.4% to 7.5% of donors, pointing to current or recent infections.
Vitamin D and Its Effects in Craniofacial Growth
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in Craniofacial growth by regulating calcium-phosphorus balance, bone mineralization, and gene expression via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in bone, cartilage, and dental tissues. Chronic deficiency defined by 25(OH)D levels below 20-30 ng/mL can impair jaw development, leading to underdeveloped maxilla or mandible, crowding, narrow arches, high palates, and increased risk of crossbites. Thus, ensuring adequate vitamin D levels during growth through sun exposure, diet, or supplementation is essential not only for systemic bone health but also for optimal craniofacial and dental development. This Dissertation contains the metabolism of Vitamin D in detail with particular emphasis of its effect in growth and development of the Craniofacial skeleton.
Histochemical and Cytochemical Methods of Visualization
Histochemistry and cytochemistry are important fields for studying the inner workings of cells and tissues of the body. With chapters written by specialists teaching the methods or using them in research, this volume describes the essential techniques that can be used for histochemical investigations in both light and transmission electron microscopy. A survey of classical as well as specialized methods of visualization, it provides a set of basic techniques which can be adapted for various circumstances and offers a conceptual framework to help readers apply protocols to specific models. A 16-page insert supplies color illustrations to enhance the text. 　
Human Microbiome
The human microbiome is the sum total of all microorganisms (fungi, viruses, bacteria, and other microbes) that inhabit and reside on the human body. These microorganisms mostly live in places such as the skin, gut, mouth, and other body systems. The human gut microbiome, specifically, harbors trillions of organisms and plays vital functions in the following terms: Digestion and metabolism, immune system development and function, protection against pathogens production of essential vitamins and compounds Influence on mental health through the gut-brain axis.
Earthly Materials
An "UNEXPECTEDLY PROFOUND," "DEEPLY STRANGE," and "UTTERLY UNIQUE tour of the human body" (Publishers Weekly)"A must read for anyone who's ever been amazed or aghast at what just came out." -- Rachel Yoder, author of NightbitchTo live, our bodies must continuously shed materials. Stop urinating, stop defecating, stop expelling breath, and death is near. While we often think of these materials as embarrassing waste products, they serve far more complex functions. The color of our mucus, the volume of our flatus, the rhythm of our breath: taken together, these materials tell a story of the human that produced them. Moreover, the exchange, elimination, and frequent disguise of our effluence has been elemental to the development of human civilization, and our lives today are still governed by a host of laws and superstitions and social mores about the materials our bodies leave behind.In each of twelve discrete chapters, Earthly Materials tells a story about one of the materials the human body sheds--from breath and urine to vomit and tears. Sometimes the questions examined are historical: What have we physically done with all the urine produced in our cities? Sometimes they approach the matter through a philosophical lens: Is it ever logical to cry? Sometimes they explore recent scientific discoveries: How is mucus forcing us to reconsider our understanding of natural selection? But they always offer a window into how we negotiate our place in the world and how we get along with one another. Cutter Wood's delightfully weird, richly informative, and unexpectedly poetic tour of our bodily excretions uncovers extraordinary truths about ourselves--and the human story.
Antimicrobial Resistance - New Insights
This comprehensive book provides a timely and authoritative overview of the latest advances in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bringing together leading experts to share their knowledge on the complex mechanisms of AMR and the latest clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The book delves into how AMR is a critical global health threat driven by the misuse of antibiotics in medicine, agriculture, and the environment, undermining treatment effectiveness and food security. The volume highlights urgent needs for molecular research, global collaboration, and innovative solutions such as nanotechnology and alternative therapies to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. It also emphasizes the importance of responsible antimicrobial use, improved surveillance, and coordinated action across sectors to manage and prevent AMR sustainably. With a balanced view of the current state of knowledge, this book highlights areas of uncertainty and controversy and identifies future research directions. The book is an essential resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to stay up-to-date with the latest advances, students and academics looking for a comprehensive and authoritative textbook, and industry professionals and policymakers interested in understanding the latest developments and challenges in the field. The book will provide them a unique opportunity to explore the complex interplay between AMR and gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, ultimately aiming to contribute to developing effective strategies to combat AMR and improve human health globally. This book is a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing medical and basic researchers, academicians, MD/Ph.D. students and scientists.
Body Oxygen Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function
This book links oxygen metabolism from experimental animal models to human clinical applications, bringing together concepts and knowledge from laboratory models to clinical practice. In particular, the book provides the experimental results of a rat model exposed to various protocols that prove the suggested monitoring approach, describes the various monitoring devices developed for patients' monitoring in clinical situations, and provides a discussion of the results as well as conclusions. The book is ideal for a range of basic scientists, seeking greater understanding of the clinical applications and potential translation of in vitro and animal model studies as well as a range of clinicians, seeking greater understanding of the fundamentals of oxygen metabolism and homeostasis.
Genotyping
This volume covers the latest techniques used to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping, such as Sanger sequencing, qPCR, Nanopore sequencing, and PACE. The chapters in this book cover topics such as SNP nomenclature, databases, and significance of SNPs in various fields; PCR-based techniques like HRM and CD-PCR; isothermal amplification methodologies; high-throughput methods like FCS-based SNP genotyping; and guidance of data analysis, emphasizing the importance of quality control, statistical analysis, and visualization. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Genotyping: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both new and experienced researchers who want to gain a deeper understanding of genotyping and its myriad of applications.
Sea Otter Conservation II
Driven to the brink of extinction by the maritime fur trade, sea otter recovery is a remarkable success story, one with broad implications to our understanding of their life history, ecology, and socio-ecology. Sea Otter Conservation II: Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration summarizes current knowledge regarding sea otter recovery and the role it plays in the restoration and resilience of coastal systems. Written by experts in the field, this volume describes the influence of sea otters in kelp, seagrass, salt marsh, and mixed sediment communities, and how their ecological effects can link marine and terrestrial systems. The authors consider the ecological and socio-ecological consequences of the maritime fur trade, the ways in which abundant food and space have affected sea otter recovery, and the potential of future sea otter reintroductions to aid their recovery and that of related ecosystems. This book reviews the latest methods in monitoring sea otter behavior, population status and genetic diversity, and the impact of climate change on sea otters and their associated communities. Sea Otter Conservation II: Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration is an important resource for anyone studying ecology, conservation, or restoration.
Fungal pathogens and crop management systems
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2025 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: Distinction, course: BSc Biotechnology, language: English, abstract: Pathogenic fungi in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food safety. This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic fungi from tomatoes grown under different crop management systems, and to compare their occurrence across these systems. Ninety-six tomato samples were collected from each of the four plots depicting different management regimes in Mohales-Hoek, Lesotho. Plots were dedicated to a specific management system comprising a natural system (control), conventional system, integrated system and inter-cropping. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory at the National University of Lesotho. Pathogenic fungi were isolated using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and identified through macroscopic and microscopic observations. Four pathogenic fungal genera of Alternaria, Penicillium, Botrytis, and Fusarium, were identified and the percentage incidence of fungi genera was calculated. The study revealed variations in the incidences of these fungi across different crop management systems. The highest occurrence was found in Alternaria, which ranged from 22.29% in integrated systems to 48.96% in the natural system. Fusarium occurrence varied from 11.46% (integrated) to 18.75% (natural and intercropping). In the natural system, Penicillium was the most common (19.79%), whereas Botrytis was the least common in intercropping (2.13%). Comparing integrated and intercropping systems with conventional and natural approaches, revealed considerable decreases in fungal contamination. In conclusion, the present study hypothesises that effective and sustainable crop management is capable of lowering post-harvest losses and fungal diseases. The study further suggests instituting integrated management systems may improve tomato output and re
