Life in Sync
Why we need to reconnect with nature's biological rhythms--and rediscover the benefits of a good night's sleep All of life is profoundly shaped by the daily, monthly, and yearly cycles of our planet, and all creatures have internal timekeeping systems that rely on cues from the surrounding environment. With modern technology, we are changing our environments--and by proxy, the ecosystems around us--to override these innate rhythms of life. But at what cost? Life in Sync reveals how Earth's rotations shape our biology, what human sleep cycles looked like before the advent of artificial light, and why technology can't free us from the constraints of our circadian clocks. Philippa Gander explores the science behind the biological rhythms that animate us and our world, blending captivating storytelling with illuminating examples ranging from migratory birds and hibernating squirrels to jet-lagged pilots and astronauts in space. She shows how genetic circadian clocks are an ancient evolutionary adaptation that we share with all life on the planet, and how our rapidly expanding use of artificial light at night disrupts the time cues for entire ecosystems. Gander explains why cutting back on sleep adversely affects our well-being, safety, and longevity, and how breakthroughs in sleep science offer solutions to bring our lives more in harmony with nature's rhythms. An astonishing journey of scientific discovery, Life in Sync unlocks the mysteries of biological time--and offers new perspectives for anyone who has ever given up a good night's sleep for the sake of their hectic waking hours.
Thinking Small and Large
The environmental crisis will not be solved by battery technology. We are looking for answers in the wrong places. Life began with the hydrogenation of CO2, and this is the process we must return to in order to heal the planet. Ground-breaking ongoing research into bacterial processes means our knowledge of bacterial processes is ever-expanding, and we can harness this new knowledge to develop a parallel carbon economy using engineered bacteria for fuel, food, and materials. This would enable rewilding on a vast scale, with the small land footprint of bacterial technologies solving the current conflict in land use between farming and fuel and materials production. In this fascinating and illuminating book, Peter Forbes shines a light on this crucial technology and offers a tantalizing glimpse at what is possible. To solve the big problems, sometimes you have to think small.
Urological Cancer 2023-2025
This collection contains a total of nine contributions in the area of urological cancer collected in the 2023-2025 period. It includes 5 papers (5 articles) focusing on different aspects of urinary tract neoplasia, 2 papers (1 review and 1 article) on kidney cancer, and 2 papers (1 review and 1 article) on prostate cancer. This Special Issue includes reviews on new molecular techniques for detecting prostate cancer on urine sediment, T-cell engagers therapies for prostate cancer, post-BCG upper urinary tract cancer survival, the usefulness of patient-reported symptoms and functional outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in children with bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma, prognostic factors in platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab, new approaches of HIF-2α targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and CKAP4 expression in the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Also, a novel approach to the early evolution of clear cell renal cell carcinoma using mathematical tools (game theory) is included in this volume. Medical specialists and scientists from Japan, USA, Spain, Italy, Brazil, Germany, Portugal, and the UK have participated in this collection. Interested readers will find excellent updated reviews of the most relevant topics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urological cancer.
Development of New Optical Techniques and Methods for Basic Biology and Biomedical Applications
Biophysical methods underlie advances for analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications in biology and biomedicine. Electromagnetic radiation as visible and infrared light allows the sensitive collection of data on the morphofunctional conditions of biological substrates, while biomechanical approaches can improve therapeutic protocols. A common denominator is the need to optimize operating protocols, data processing, and interpretation, to achieve reliable information for analysis, diagnosis, and therapy.This reprint from the Special Issue "Development of New Optical Techniques and Methods for Basic Biology and Biomedical Applications" intends to further disseminate awareness on the ample potential of biophysical method applications in biology and biomedicine, represented by all its contributing papers. Fluorescence spectroscopy is used for basic research on melaninization processes or for the noninvasive diagnosis of vascular circulation, and imaging of fluorescing Hydra polyp movements promotes hydrodynamic studies. Near-IR imaging is used with exogenous agents to enhance cardiac injury detection, to improve nanomaterial intracellular localization aimed to optimize drug delivery and cancer photo-thermal therapy, to delineate internal structures in animal bodies or to detect thermal changes in sites causing pain. In turn, a biomechanical approach entails the optimization of vibrational stimulation to restore weak muscles. All these reports improve the reliability of the various procedures proposed, hoping to inspire novel investigations.
Response of Tree Rings to Climate Change and Climate Extremes
Global warming is an undisputed fact, and climate change further exacerbates the variability in the distribution and pattern of precipitation. The frequency and intensity of extreme climate events have increased significantly in the context of global climatic change, and these events have a profound impact on forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is critical to understand the response and feedback of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes. Tree rings are one of the best proxy data for understanding long-term climate and environmental changes. The aim of this reprint is to investigate in depth the responses of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes, and to reconstruct past climate changes based on proxy data from tree rings. We have collated 17 high-quality research paper, exploring the relationship between tree rings and vegetation indices, analyzing the responses of different tree-ring parameters (including tree ring width, stable carbon isotopes, density and blue intensity) to climate, and further exploring the impact of climate extremes and droughts on tree growth. In addition, past temperature and streamflow changes across different regions have also been reconstructed. We hope that these studies will promote the development of dendrochronology research.
Diet and Nutrition
This compilation, originating from the Special Issue "Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases" in Nutrients, presents a focused collection of recent research and reviews that illuminate the complex relationships between dietary habits and metabolic health. As the global incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease continues to rise, this volume addresses how specific nutrients, food choices, and overall dietary patterns contribute to the prevention and management of these disorders.Within this collection, readers will discover investigations into the biological mechanisms that connect nutrition to metabolic dysfunction, including the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut microbiome. The issue also evaluates the effectiveness of various dietary models, such as plant-based diets, low-glycemic approaches, and the Mediterranean diet, in improving metabolic markers and reducing disease risk.Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of nutrition across different life stages, from prenatal development to aging populations. Innovative approaches, such as the use of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and sustainable dietary practices, are explored for their potential to enhance metabolic outcomes.By integrating findings from clinical, population-based, and mechanistic studies, this volume serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, offering timely, evidence-based guidance for addressing the growing burden of metabolic diseases worldwide.
Gene Expressions in Response to Diseases, Abiotic Stresses and Pest Damage of Horticultural Products
Several plant species serve as important sources of food, feed, and raw materials worldwide, providing a broad spectrum of nutrients and bioactive compounds that play a crucial role in plant resistance and in human diseases, in line with the One Health approach. Horticultural crops also represent a key resource in the economies of numerous countries. Moreover, increasingly restrictive European regulations for plant-protection products encourage studies on innovative tools for disease and pest control, such as genetic modification and alternative control means. The Reprint focuses on the plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Crops are continuously exposed to a broad spectrum of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi), pests, and abiotic damage, causing significant yield and economic losses throughout the process from field to sale. Symptoms correspond to plant responses to both pathogen and insect attacks and abiotic stresses; these occur through gene expressions, signaling, and metabolic pathways involved in host/stress response. Identifying the mechanisms involved in defense response and stress tolerance is essential to select more resistant or less susceptible crops, allowing for more sustainable management of diseases and damages. It original and exploratory articles investigating pathways, signaling, and gene expression involved in resistance mechanisms to pests and pathogens, as well as abiotic stress tolerance, thereby opening new horizons for preserving and enhancing crop production.
Genes, Genetics and Breeding of Tomato
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally significant vegetable crop with substantial economic importance. Over the past twenty years, its production has doubled, primarily driven by genetic enhancements targeting yield optimization and environmental adaptation. Contemporary breeding objectives now prioritize balancing productivity with pest/disease resistance, responding to dual demands: consumers favoring improved nutritional profiles and flavor, alongside producers requiring cultivation efficiency and stress resilience. As a model organism for fruit biology and plant genetics, the tomato offers extensive genetic resources that have enabled breakthroughs in deciphering the genetic foundations of critical agronomic traits. Tomato research reveals genomic tools' role in combatting biotic stresses, identifying resistance genes and pathways. Studies on abiotic stresses uncover regulatory genes and hormone-signaling mechanisms influencing tolerance. Fruit development and ripening mechanisms, governed by hormonal control, enable the optimization of quality and shelf life. Against rising global demand, research work synergizes with breeding to restore stress-resistant and quality traits lost during domestication, supporting sustainable agriculture. Advances in genetics and genomics have accelerated molecular breeding techniques, collectively advancing the shared goal of enhancing yield, quality, and stress tolerance for breeders, producers, and consumers. The Special Issue synthesizes these innovations, spanning from gene discovery to molecular breeding strategies.
Dietary Strategies for Prevention of Geriatric Diseases and Exploring the Mechanism of Aging
This Reprint, "Dietary Strategies for Prevention of Geriatric Diseases and Exploring the Mechanism of Aging," sheds light on the underlying mechanisms related to aging and age-associated pathology, while also exploring optimal nutritional strategies for the prevention and mitigation of geriatric diseases. Through exploration of the factors influencing the cellular and molecular hallmarks of aging, and age-related degenerative diseases such as immunosenescence, dynapenia, intrinsic capacity impairments and impaired mucus barrier function, it provides valuable insights into the mechanisms related to aging. Furthermore, this reprint emphasizes the powerful role of dietary interventions to mitigate age-related diseases and dysfunction. Studies on the impact of dietary intervention strategies (e.g., diversity maintenance) as well as specific supplements and nutrients, such as methyl donor nutrients, branched-chain amino acids in association with vitamin D, medium-chain triglycerides and nutraceuticals, demonstrate significant efficacy against age-associated diseases, including cognitive impairment, sarcopenia, frailty and so on. In summary, this Reprint serves as a platform to enhance understanding of the biological factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in aging and age-related diseases, offering meaningful insights into dietary approaches for the prevention and management of geriatric diseases.
Quality of Life and Side Effects Management in Cancer Treatment (Volume II)
This Special Issue of Cancers brings together a diverse collection of studies focused on the evolving understanding of quality of life (QoL) in cancer care. As survival rates continue to improve, the attention of oncology research and clinical practice is increasingly shifting toward the lived experiences of patients-how they function, cope, and thrive throughout and beyond treatment.The articles explore QoL from multiple angles: long-term trajectories among breast cancer survivors, the impact of chronic myeloid leukemia on occupational participation, and the validation of a sarcoma-specific patient-reported outcome measure. Several contributions investigate how cancer therapies-such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and opioids-affect not only clinical outcomes but also physical functioning, sensory perception, and psychological time orientation. Particular attention is given to vulnerable groups, including older adults undergoing immunotherapy and adolescents and young adults with rare, indolent metastatic sarcomas.Collectively, this Special Issue underscores that quality of life is not a secondary endpoint but a central dimension of cancer care. By integrating clinical, psychosocial, and biological perspectives, the articles highlight the importance of personalized approaches that preserve dignity, functionality, and patient autonomy across the cancer continuum.
Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter and Associated Treatment Strategies
Acinetobacter infections pose a substantial burden on public health, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention specifically classifying carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter as an urgent threat to public health with 8500 cases annually, 700 deaths, and USD 281 million in associated healthcare costs in the United States alone. These data coupled with the sparsity of information elucidating the pathophysiology of Acinetobacter, the lack of novel antibiotics in the developmental pipeline to treat Acinetobacter infections and the continued occurrence of multidrug-, extensively drug-, or even pandrug-resistant isolates from clinical settings constitute a public health crisis warranting immediate attention. This Special Issue therefore includes works describing the clinical treatment and genomic surveillance of Acinetobacter isolates causing infection, especially carbapenem-resistant isolates. This Special Issue additionally explores this bacterium's resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, ability to persist in the clinical setting and adaptation to environmental changes. The underlying resistance mechanisms allowing Acinetobacter to survive stressors all play a role in its pathogenicity and are valuable in understanding and treating this critical pathogen.
Dangerous Miracle
An Oxford University biologist reveals the fascinating history of antibiotics, how we burned through them, and what that means for our future health. The discovery of antibiotics was one of humanity's greatest achievements. Since their advent less than a century ago, antibiotics have saved millions of lives, marking one of the greatest medical advances in our history. Much like oil in the previous century, they were not invented but discovered--the most effective antibiotics are found in nature, made by microbes. But just like oil, antibiotics came with a cost. That's because antibiotics aren't like other drugs: every time we use them, we increase the possibility of resistance to them and thus undermine their future effectiveness. And like fossil fuels, they won't last forever. How did we get here? In order to understand the future of antibiotics, we need to understand their past. Dangerous Miracle tells the story of antibiotics, tracing the grand arc of their evolution over millions of years with a history of the past century. Antibiotic resistance shows how easily bacteria have been able to undo human progress. If we want antibiotics to have a future, we need to prepare to adapt accordingly. And fast. Dangerous Miracle is a revelatory account of the miraculous history and uncertain future of antibiotics from a visionary and gifted biologist.
On the Origin of Species
"...from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved" Considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology, On the Origin of Species, was published in 1859. This work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin introduced the theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. In this seminal work, considered to be the groundwork of evolutionary biology, Darwin unveils his revolutionary theory, illuminating the intricate mechanisms driving the diversity of life on Earth. It gave evidence that the variety of life resulted from a common descent via a branching model of evolution. Darwin incorporated facts that he had collected on the Beagle mission in the 1830s and his succeeding findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. In his theory of natural selection, Darwin challenged orthodox thought in stating that no being or species has been specifically created; all are locked into a pitiless struggle for existence, with extinction looming for those who are not fit for the task. Yet, there is also a humane and inspirational vision of ecological interrelatedness. Revealed are the complex mutual interdependencies between animal and plant life, climate and physical environment, and-by implication-within the human world. This timeless masterpiece remains one of the founding documents of the modern ages. It is both engaging and enlightening, combining science with the subtlety of literature and continues to captivate and inspire not only scientific inquiry, but curious minds throughout the world. Darwin consolidated a lifetime of work in On the Origin of Species, compiling his discoveries from the voyage of the Beagle, his experiments, research and correspondence. He argues for the transmutation of species over time by the process of natural selection. His work laid the foundation of evolutionary biology, though when it was published it caused tremendous religious and philosophical debates. Darwin's work is still seen by many people to oppose Christian beliefs.
Force of Nature
Most of us learned about natural selection in our school days and remember the basics of how it drives evolution, plus a few of its everyday implications, like the risks of overusing antibiotics. Yet deep misconceptions about evolution and natural selection abound--even, studies show, among medical students and high school biology teachers, not to mention the rest of us. In Force of Nature, professor of law and biology Owen D. Jones reveals how these misunderstandings cost us opportunities, undermine our goals, and even imperil lives--and shows how a deeper understanding of natural selection is far more useful and powerful than we think.Jones argues that natural selection is not merely a historical process that shaped relationships between species in the past, but an underused framework for navigating today's most pressing challenges. By sharpening our understanding of how natural selection actually operates--its speed, scale, and profound influence on human and animal behavior--we can make better decisions across a wide range of fields. Drawing on examples from medicine, psychology, and artificial intelligence to economics, agriculture, law, and beyond, Force of Nature demonstrates how evolutionary thinking can open new horizons in cancer treatment and space exploration, create faster machines and more agile robots, and even help design more effective and just laws. Along the way, readers tour some of animals' most remarkable behaviors, such as the archerfish's prowess at precision-firing missiles of water and geckos' ability to walk upside-down--on glass.Enlightening and inspiring, Force of Nature invites us to appreciate natural selection as a dynamic force we can better understand--and harness--to build smarter technologies, wiser policies, and a more resilient future.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
This book aims to explore the essential processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, from the structure of flowers and mechanisms of pollination to the complex events of fertilization and seed development. By examining these processes, we gain insight into how plants interact with their environment and adapt to changing conditions. Understanding these reproductive mechanisms is not only vital for botanists but also for anyone invested in agriculture, conservation, and environmental sustainability. As we face pressing global challenges, such as climate change and habitat loss, the knowledge contained within these pages can help us appreciate the importance of preserving plant diversity.
50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know
Master the ideas central to understanding the human brain. In a series of 50 accessible essays, Mo Costandi introduces and explains all we know about the brain and how it works, outlining both long-standing theories and cutting-edge ideas. From the function of neurons and synaptic transmission, to the nervous system and personality, 50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know is a complete introduction to the most powerful and mysterious organ in the body.
50 Genetics Ideas You Really Need to Know
Master the ideas that have shaped the study of genetics today. In a series of 50 accessible essays, Mark Henderson and Helen Sims introduce and explain the central ideas of genetics, beginning with the theory of evolution to the very latest, cutting-edge developments in gene therapy and artificial life. From the double helix and how nature and nurture work together, to genetic testing and race, 50 Genetics Ideas You Really Need to Know is a complete introduction to this young and ground-breaking strand of science.
Photodynamic Therapy 2.0
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely documented and well-coated treatment for various diseases, including oncological and non-oncological ones. It is based on the cytotoxic action of hyperactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, generated by the transfer of energy and/or electrons from the photoexcited oxygen sensitizer. The efficacy of PDT is attributed to three main mechanisms: direct death of tumor cells or inflammation, damage to tumor vessels, and an immunological response associated with the stimulation of leukocytes and the release of interleukins and other cytokines, growth factors, complement components, acute-phase proteins, and other immunoregulators. The first successful edition of "Photodynamic Therapy 2.0" covers all aspects of PDT, including the discovery of new natural and synthetic photosensitizers, biomaterials, nanotechnology, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials. The collaboration of all parties in this volume will strengthen and stimulate further research in the field of photodynamic therapy.
Photodynamic Therapy (3rd Edition)
Oncological and non-oncological diseases, such as macular degeneration, esophageal and lung cancer, basal cell carcinoma, keratoses, bacterial, fungal, viral, immunological, or inflammatory infections, chronic wounds, and photorejuvenation in cosmetology, are all examples of conditions that can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which has been extensively researched and extensively documented. The deadly impact of hyperactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, is the foundation of photodynamic therapy (PDT). These highly reactive oxygen species are produced by the transfer of energy and/or electrons from a photoexcited oxygen sensitizer. Direct cell death or inflammation, damage to tumor vessels, and an immunological response associated with leukocyte stimulation and the release of interleukins and other cytokines, growth factors, complement components, acute-phase proteins, and other immunoregulators are the three primary mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The third volume of this Special Issue will address all elements of photodynamic therapy (PDT), including the discovery of novel natural and synthetic photosensitizers, biomaterials and nanotechnology, clinical trials, and investigations conducted in vitro and in vivo. Through the publication of this Reprint, the field of photodynamic treatment will be strengthened and additional study will be stimulated.
Viral Strategies and Cellular Countermeasures that Regulate mRNA Access to the Translation Apparatus
Viruses employ a variety of mechanisms to gain access to the cellular translation apparatus and to restrict translation of cellular mRNAs to suppress innate immune responses to infection, whereas cells have evolved countermeasures to prevent viral translation. This Special Issue consists of a series of research papers and reviews from leading experts that advance understanding of the dynamic interplay between viruses and their hosts that underlie aspects of infection, including viral replication, pathogenesis and host range.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry
With breakthroughs of artificial intelligence (AI) under the fourth industrial revolution, intelligent applications are providing innovative solutions for the food industry. AI is able to support the positive transformation and upgrading of food technologies alongside the digitization, automatization, and intelligence of the food industry in light of its powerful perceiving, reasoning, and decision-making capabilities. Novel applications based on AI are changing all activities in the food industry, ranging from production to processing and packaging, transporting and storing, and consuming and disposing, benefiting all actors in food industry. Combined with technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and big data, AI is facilitating the development of new recipes and food, food process simulation and optimization, food quality and safety monitoring, etc. This Special Issue, "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry", focuses on advancing novel methods and applications in the food industry at the intersection of food and AI.
Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment
Antimicrobial resistance is considered to be one of the major global challenges of the 21st century. Though a large volume of research has already been published, gaps in our knowledge remain, particularly in certain settings, such as our understanding of how selection can influence the One Health paradigm. Describing the nature of microbial communities in different environments, understanding their resistance profiles or resistome, and those factors influencing the emergence and spread of resistance is crucial to enable the development of tools carefully designed to address this challenge.This Special Issue of Microorganisms on "Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment" compiles the latest research, and to provide scientific opinion on bacteriological topics related to antimicrobial resistance in different ecological niche settings.
Plant Responses to a Changing Climate
Anthropogenic climate change is already having a profound impact on natural ecosystems, disrupting important ecological processes, altering the ecosystem functionality, and accelerating biodiversity loss. Being directly affected by changing climate, plants play a central role in ecosystem responses to these environmental changes. This reprint provides a multidisciplinary overview of plant responses to climate change, encompassing physiological, phenological, and biogeographical aspects. The collected articles examine trait plasticity, stress tolerance mechanisms, and species distribution dynamics across a range of ecosystems and climate scenarios. Through experimental approaches, ecological modelling, and remote sensing, the presented studies shed light on both the current impacts and future trajectories of climate-induced changes in plant systems. Together, they provide valuable insights into the resilience and vulnerability of species and the broader ecological consequences of climate change. The results presented here provide a critical foundation for guiding future research and updating conservation strategies aimed at mitigating biodiversity loss in the face of ongoing climate change.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Analytical Technology
This Reprint aims to cover all aspects of pharmaceutical analysis, including the latest developments and advances in the field. It will highlight the crucial role of analytical methods in assessing the quality of pharmaceutical products, ensuring that safe and effective drugs are released to the market. In the same context, the analytical techniques are necessary in determining pharmaceutical drugs. The design of experiments approach (DOE) is a reference point of systematic innovation. This powerful statistical tool goes beyond traditional experimentation, offering a structured approach to optimizing and validating analytical methodologies and stability testing. Additionally, it ensures the meticulous and accurate quantification of drug constituents, enhances product quality, and empowers data-driven decisions.In this Reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings and visions for the future, with a particular focus on quantitative and qualitative analyses involving sample preparation, analytical instrumentation and the application of multivariate statistical and chemometric tools in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and data processing. This contributes to increasing the interest in and renown of leaders in the field, as well as stimulating interdisciplinary discussions, as has been the tradition for many years. All new challenges and advances in pharmaceutical analysis must meet the highest quality standards.
Crop Authenticity in Organic Horticultural Production
In recent years, demand for organic products has grown, as consumers consider them to be safer and healthier than conventional ones. Research has been conducted over the years to investigate old and new reliable systems for testing the authenticity of products obtained using organic cultivation methods.This Special Issue contains original research articles, communications, and review articles on different agronomic practices and techniques (such as fertilization and pest management) that address crop authenticity in organic agriculture. Research that focuses on the application of approaches to tracking chemical components derived from the primary and/or secondary metabolism of organic and conventional products are included. The SI also includes papers that discuss the isotopic distribution of elements and that highlight the diversity induced by conventional and organic production techniques with the final aim of establishing new tools for organic horticultural crop characterization and authenticity. The use of innovative spectroscopic techniques and metabolomics and the application of sustainable agronomic practices in organic cropping systems are reported. Finally, the SI also reports data analysis through chemometrics tools that enable the validation of multivariate implemented approaches for organic crop authenticity.
Vermicompost in Sustainable Crop Production
Sustainable crop production requires new means of fertilization in light of both the use of renewable resources and improving soil quality. The processing of biological waste by the concerted action of earthworms and microorganisms leads to the production of vermicompost-an organic fertilizer with high microbiological activity and rich in mineral nutrients and humic substances. Vermicompost is an extremely promising type of amendment, as evidenced by many studies at laboratory and field scales, in addition to the results of practical application. In organic farming, vermicompost can be used as a basal soil fertilizer, providing plant-available mineral nutrients and organic matter as a source for additional nutrients and microbiological activity. In conventional farming practices, vermicompost can substitute chemical fertilizers. It is evident that the benefits derived from the application of vermicompost in agriculture are related to direct and indirect effects on crop plants, in addition to the improvement of soil properties, leading to a long-term increase in soil sustainability. However, the lack of understanding of specific mechanisms of beneficial influence hinders the ability to scientifically predict the outcome of vermicompost application in different crop production systems. Additional scientific knowledge is therefore necessary to characterize the functional relationships involved in vermicompost production and after its application in soil in order to ensure the quality of this organic fertilizer for wider use.
Inner Sense
"A fascinating look at the power of the body to influence our mind--and even affect how we see the world."--Janice Kaplan, New York Times bestselling author of The Gratitude Diaries and What Your Body Knows About Happiness Discover your elusive "sixth sense"--your brain's ability to perceive and interpret bodily sensations like hunger and thirst--and how to rewire your mind-body connection for optimal health. Are you able to recognize your own heartbeat? What about thirst? In Inner Sense, science communicator Caroline Williams explains that some people are so insensitive to internal cues that they struggle to recognize basic needs like hunger or fatigue. While others only notice their body's signals when they become overwhelming. This disconnect between the brain's predictions and the body's sensations can lead to mental and physical health challenges, from chronic fatigue, to anxiety, to eating disorders. If this sounds like you--don't worry. It's not too late to tap into your interoceptive awareness. In this practical, science-backed book, you will learn ... - How to harness one of the most important functions of your body: its sixth sense, known to scientists as interoception. - How the mind-body connection is a two-way street, with the brain and body in a constant flow of communication. - How to perceive and interpret physical processes like heartbeat and breath. - How to pick up on and respond to physical cues like hunger and thirst. - How to identify emotions that express themselves physically such as panic or rage. - How pain works in your body and in your brain. - How internal sensations influence your thoughts and actions--and how to learn and harness interoceptive awareness. Inner Sense delves into the fascinating field of interoception, speaking with doctors, scientists, and researchers about how our internal sensations influence our thoughts and actions--and how we can harness interoceptive awareness to improve health, relationships, and society as a whole. Williams explores cutting-edge interventions like mindfulness, biofeedback, targeted exercise, and even psychedelic therapy, which hold the potential to help us regulate emotions, reduce stress, and live better lives.
Integrated Pest Management in Agricultural Crops and Forest Ecosystems
The overuse of synthetic pesticides to control noxious arthropods in agroecosystems is of major importance due to health and environmental issues. Apart from concerns related to the negative impact of pesticides on humans, agricultural or domestic animals, and the environment, they can also induce irreversible damage to beneficial organisms (e.g., parasitoids, predators, pollinators), disrupting the overall ecological stability of both forest ecosystems and agroecosystems. This impact is further magnified by the repeated application of insecticides that facilitates the emergence and development of resistance, particularly in agroecosystems. It is thus mandatory to develop alternative, environmentally friendly approaches (e.g., classical biological control, pheromone-based networks, green insecticidal formulations) that can be incorporated into integrated pest management (IPM) in target ecosystems.
Strategies for Nutrient Use Efficiency Improvement in Plants
This reprint aims to introduce the readers to the latest research in approaches to and strategies for the improvement of nutrient use efficiency in plants. Fertilizer management, crop system change, and the selection of high nutrient-use-efficient varieties are all useful strategies for the improvement of nutrient use efficiency in plants. Therefore, in this reprint, research groups from around the world have investigated the effects of different fertilizer management strategies on plant growth, yield production, physiological response, and nutrient transfer and utilization, as well as the evaluation of nutrient use efficiency in different plant species and varieties. The knowledge gained is a perfect addition to nutrient use efficiency improvement in plants, and can be applied for practical use in food production, soil improvement, and the breeding of superior varieties in agriculture and forestry.
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation in Forest Habitats
In this special issue, ecology and wildlife conservation in forest habitats is considered as multifunctional connections of organisms in the perspective of their conservation. The diversity and specificity of research methods enable us to investigate the ecological connections between animals and plants and other organisms in-depth. These approaches rely on biodiversity and varying relationships to solve global natural problems, while simultaneously providing environmental, social, and economic perspectives and helping to enhance the sustainability of forest ecosystems. However, for the effective protection of wildlife, it is necessary to introduce new approaches and update existing methods in order to eliminate gaps in research. This issue highlights the results of studies presenting new data and methods related to the quantitative assessment of the conservation of entire natural complexes or individual species in natural forest or suburban habitats.
Living on Earth
One of the Washington Post's 50 Best Nonfiction Books of 2024The bestselling author of Other Minds shows how we and our ancestors have reinvented our planet. If the history of the Earth were compressed down to a year, our species would arise in the last thirty minutes or so of the final hour. But life itself is not such a late arrival: It has existed on Earth for something like 3.7 billion years--most of our planet's history and over a quarter of the age of the universe (as far as we can tell). What have these organisms--bacteria, animals, plants, and the rest--done in all this time? In Living on Earth, the philosopher Peter Godfrey-Smith proposes a new way of understanding how the actions of living beings have shaped our planet. Where his acclaimed books Other Minds and Metazoa explored the riddle of how conscious minds came to exist on Earth, Living on Earth turns to what happens when we look at the mind from another side--when we come to see organisms as active causes, not merely as results of the evolutionary process. The planet we inhabit is significantly the work of other living beings, who shaped the environments that we ourselves later transformed. To that end, Godfrey-Smith takes us on a grand tour of the history of life on earth. He visits Rwandan gorillas and Australian bowerbirds, returns to coral reefs and octopus dens, considers the impact of language and writing, and weighs the responsibilities our unique powers bring with them, as they relate to factory farming, habitat preservation, climate change, and the use of animals in experiments. Ranging from the seas to the forests, and from animate matter's first appearance to its future extinction, Godfrey-Smith offers a novel picture of the course of life on Earth and how we might meet the challenges of our time, the Anthropocene.
Diagnosis and Management of Skin Diseases, Related Disorders and Their Comorbidities
Our Special Issue is aimed at examining the continuous evolution within our discipline and the vastness of it. This Issue is a collection and presentation of data on the latest developments in the field of dermatology and is intended to be a continuation of articles previously published by the Guest Editors. Dermatology is a continuously evolving specialty and touches on every part of the field of medicine. This Special Issue of Diagnostics entitled "Diagnosis and Management of Skin Diseases, Related Disorders and Their Comorbidities" aims to collect and present data about the most recent developments in the field. Medical history and clinical examination, followed by non-invasive imaging or blood tests or the exploration of skin structures and their pathological changes, allow pathologists to better understand, detect, or define diseases of the skin. We clinicians and researchers are constantly viewing cutaneous signs and symptoms as a window into the systemic state of the human body. Many diseases thought to be localized to the skin are now considered part of a systemic involvement. Each of our patients is unique, with their own comorbidities and anatomic or physiologic particularities. There are also individual aspects regarding the appearance, evolution, and prognosis of cutaneous skin diseases, as well as their response to various treatments.
Visual Mental Imagery System
This Reprint offers a collection of cutting-edge studies by an international network of researchers concerned with the following topic: The Visual Mental Imagery System: How We Image the World. This Reprint helps to inform the growing interest in Consciousness, Cognition and Individual Differences in the mental life and well-being of humans.
Redox Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Human Metabolism and Disease
This Reprint focuses on the critical role of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress in human health and disease. Oxidative imbalance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as key contributors to the development and progression of various metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory conditions. The articles collected in this volume highlight both fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant defense systems, and redox signaling pathways. Special attention is given to emerging biomarkers of oxidative stress, therapeutic modulation strategies, and the interplay between redox status and disease-specific pathophysiology. This Reprint provides a valuable, up-to-date reference for researchers, clinicians, and professionals interested in molecular medicine, biochemistry, and redox biology.
Elephant Mountain
Elephant Mountain is the gripping tale of Debbie Ethell, a young woman whose fascination with an elephant skull in a bone museum leads her down an unexpected path. What begins as a curiosity about the tragic love story of Morgan Berry, the man who gave us Packy (the first baby elephant born in a U.S. zoo in forty-four years), and Eloise Berchtold, one of the world's greatest animal trainers, soon becomes a chilling mystery. The couple, each killed by separate elephants they raised, left behind a legacy tangled in secrets, cover-ups, and unanswered questions.As former owners of a secluded elephant farm in the rugged Pacific Northwest, Morgan and Eloise's lives and deaths hold the key to a truth long buried beneath layers of deception. Determined to uncover what really happened, Debbie draws on her experience as a conservation research scientist and the steadfast support of her best friend, who is facing a life-threatening illness. While navigating the shadows of her own past, including her ongoing recovery from alcoholism, Debbie finds courage and insight from a herd of wild elephants in Kenya, a group she has studied since childhood. Their stories of survival and loss mirror her own as she delves deeper into a mystery that will test her resolve and redefine her future.
Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions
This new two-volume set presents the classical and advanced aspects of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions with special reference to chromosomes and cell division, providing a comprehensive resource for beginners, experts, and those venturing into the fascinating science of chromosomes and cell division.Volume 2 explores the future of genetic engineering and discusses epigenetics, the role of the nucleus, inheritance and its biological mechanisms, cytoplasmic inheritance, DNA as a genetic material, nuclear membranes, gene expression in prokaryotes, gene expression in eukaryotes, and genetics and evolution.Volume 1: Chromosomes and Cell Divisions discusses biotechnology and its applications, the chromosomal theory of inheritance, the chromosome itself, the types of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), structural changes in chromosomes, genes and cell division, sex determination, chromosome and mutations, and chromosomal movements during cell division.Providing up-to-date information and recent developments in genetics research, these two volumes will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as faculty and researchers in cell biology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, zoology, agriculture, and horticultural science.
Waste Management Policy for Sustainable (Peri-)Urban Development and the Circular Economy
Waste lies at the heart of a paradox: the detritus of progress and the foundation of sustainability. In the ever-shifting landscapes of (peri-)urban systems, where the ambitions of circular economies collide with entrenched inefficiencies, waste management emerges as both a challenge and a beacon of possibility. This collection of studies draws together voices from across the globe, weaving insights that traverse policy inertia, technological frontiers, and the intricate dance of human behavior. It explores how circularity, far from a utopian ideal, must grapple with the unfinished realities of governance, infrastructure, and social dynamics. Here, waste becomes more than material-it is a lens through which we confront the urban future, unearthing the architectures of resilience and the elusive promise of sustainable equilibrium. Each contribution offers not a solution, but a provocation: a call to reimagine the cities we build, the resources we use, and the legacies we leave behind.
Epiphytic Plants
Epiphytic plants are vital components of tropical and subtropical forests, contributing significantly to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and structural complexity. Despite their importance, they remain understudied and face increasing threats from environmental change. This Special Issue, entitled "Epiphytic Plants: Perspective on Their Diversity, Distribution, Systematics and Conservation in the Changing Environment", is a compilation of nine articles, whose authors deepen our understanding of the divergent roles of epiphytes, i.e., plants that germinate and root non-parasitically on other plants, primarily on trees. These are a conspicuous and integral component of tropical forest ecosystems in relation to local and regional plant diversity, especially in the Neotropics. Roughly 10% of all vascular plants in the world are epiphytes, which are distributed in about 900 genera and 80 families. However, 85% of the more than 27,600 species recorded globally belong to only five taxonomic groups-Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Peperomia, and Pteridophytes. Vascular epiphytes fulfill diverse ecological functions in tropical ecosystems, such as the accumulation of water and nutrients, in addition to amplifying biodiversity by providing microhabitats and food to different taxa (e.g., invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Due to their dependence on host trees and atmospheric water sources, epiphytes are considered one of the most endangered plant groups. Landscape fragmentation and forest degradation resulting from human activity are among the major threats to their survival.
Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions
This new two-volume set presents the classical and advanced aspects of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions with special reference to chromosomes and cell division, providing a comprehensive resource for beginners, experts, and those venturing into the fascinating science of chromosomes and cell division.Volume 1 presents in-depth studies of the relationships and functional mechanisms of chromosomes, genes, and biological mechanisms to the benefit of organisms at large and in humans in particular. Understanding these biological concepts of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions has had a profound effect on society, leading to better health through improved inheritance patterns, accurate disease diagnosis, a better understanding of human gene variations, improved drug and pharmaceutical production, more sensitive and specific crime scene forensics, and increased production of different varieties of improved agronomic traits, which have revolutionized crop science, medical sciences, and advanced diagnostic developments.Volume 2: Genetic Material Structure and Functions explores the future of genetic engineering and discusses epigenetics, the role of the nucleus, inheritance and its biological mechanisms, cytoplasmic inheritance, DNA as a genetic material, nuclear membranes, gene expression in prokaryotes, gene expression in eukaryotes, and genetics and evolution.
Elephant Mountain
Elephant Mountain is the gripping tale of Debbie Ethell, a young woman whose fascination with an elephant skull in a bone museum leads her down an unexpected path. What begins as a curiosity about the tragic love story of Morgan Berry, the man who gave us Packy (the first baby elephant born in a U.S. zoo in forty-four years), and Eloise Berchtold, one of the world's greatest animal trainers, soon becomes a chilling mystery. The couple, each killed by separate elephants they raised, left behind a legacy tangled in secrets, cover-ups, and unanswered questions.As former owners of a secluded elephant farm in the rugged Pacific Northwest, Morgan and Eloise's lives and deaths hold the key to a truth long buried beneath layers of deception. Determined to uncover what really happened, Debbie draws on her experience as a conservation research scientist and the steadfast support of her best friend, who is facing a life-threatening illness. While navigating the shadows of her own past, including her ongoing recovery from alcoholism, Debbie finds courage and insight from a herd of wild elephants in Kenya, a group she has studied since childhood. Their stories of survival and loss mirror her own as she delves deeper into a mystery that will test her resolve and redefine her future.
Microbes and the Microbe Killer
Dive into the late 19th century with William Radam's "Microbes and the Microbe Killer," a fascinating and controversial treatise on the nature of disease and its purported cure. Radam, a self-proclaimed medical innovator, details his theories about microbes as the root cause of all ailments and champions his own invention, "Radam's Microbe Killer," as the universal remedy. This book offers a unique window into the world of alternative medicine and patent remedies during a period of rapid scientific advancement and intense medical debate. Whether viewed as a groundbreaking discovery or a questionable elixir, Radam's work sparked considerable public interest and continues to intrigue those interested in the history of medicine, scientific controversies, and the enduring quest for health and wellness. "Microbes and the Microbe Killer" is a valuable historical document reflecting the beliefs and practices of its time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Book Of The Marine Aquarium Or Practical Instructions On The Formation, Stocking, And Management In All Seasons, Of Collections Of Marine And River Animals And Plants
Dive into the fascinating world of marine aquariums with Shirley Hibberd's classic guide, "The Book Of The Marine Aquarium." This practical manual provides comprehensive instructions on creating, stocking, and managing thriving collections of marine and river animals and plants throughout the year. Whether you are a novice enthusiast or an experienced hobbyist, this book offers invaluable insights into the intricacies of maintaining a balanced aquatic ecosystem.Learn the secrets to selecting the right specimens, nurturing their health, and creating an aesthetically pleasing underwater environment. Discover techniques for controlling water quality, managing temperature, and promoting the growth of vibrant aquatic flora. "The Book Of The Marine Aquarium" is a timeless resource for anyone passionate about bringing the beauty of the ocean into their home.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Boys And Girls In Biology
"Boys And Girls In Biology: Or, Simple Studies Of The Lower Forms Of Life" offers an accessible introduction to the world of biology, particularly tailored for young readers and those new to the subject. Authored by Sarah Hackett Steveson and Thomas Henry Huxley, this book presents a simplified yet informative exploration of various life forms. The book aims to make the study of biology engaging and understandable, fostering an early appreciation for the natural world. Focusing on fundamental concepts and accessible language, "Boys And Girls In Biology" serves as a valuable resource for educators seeking to introduce biology to students. It will also appeal to anyone curious about the basics of life sciences and the intricacies of the natural world, presented in an approachable and easy-to-understand manner.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Variation and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Bacilli of the Proteus Group
"Variation and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Bacilli of the Proteus Group" presents a detailed investigation into the Proteus group of bacteria, focusing on their metabolic processes concerning carbohydrates. Authored by Thomas Haigh Glenn and published in 1911, this work contributes to the early understanding of microbiology and bacterial physiology. The study explores the variations within the Proteus group and their differing abilities to metabolize carbohydrates, offering insights that were crucial to developing further research in bacteriology and medical science. This historical scientific work provides valuable context for understanding the evolution of microbiological research and the early efforts to classify and understand bacterial metabolism. It remains relevant for historians of science and those interested in the foundational research upon which modern microbiology is built.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Descent Of Man
The Descent of Man, Volume 1, by Charles Darwin, explores the theory of evolution as it applies to humanity. Darwin delves into the origins of humankind, examining the evidence for our descent from earlier forms. He discusses the principles of natural selection and sexual selection, highlighting their roles in shaping human characteristics. This seminal work extends Darwin's evolutionary framework presented in "On the Origin of Species" to address the specific case of human evolution. Darwin examines various aspects of human biology, behavior, and social life, comparing them to those of other animals to support his arguments. This volume lays the groundwork for understanding human evolution and our place in the natural world. "The Descent of Man" remains a foundational text in the fields of biology, anthropology, and evolutionary studies, continuing to spark debate and inspire research to this day.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
