Differential Geometry, Differential Equations, and Mathematical Physics
Poisson and Symplectic Structures, Hamiltonian Action, Momentum, and Reduction.- Notes on Tractor Calculi.- Symmetries and Integrals.- Finite Dimensional Dynamics of Evolutionary Equations with Maple.- Critical Phenomena in Darcy and Euler Flows of Real Gases.- Differential Invariants for Flows of Fluids and Gases.
Differential Geometry
This book combines the classical and contemporary approaches to differential geometry. An introduction to the Riemannian geometry of manifolds is preceded by a detailed discussion of properties of curves and surfaces.The chapter on the differential geometry of plane curves considers local and global properties of curves, evolutes and involutes, and affine and projective differential geometry. Various approaches to Gaussian curvature for surfaces are discussed. The curvature tensor, conjugate points, and the Laplace-Beltrami operator are first considered in detail for two-dimensional surfaces, which facilitates studying them in the many-dimensional case. A separate chapter is devoted to the differential geometry of Lie groups.
New Development of Neutrosophic Probability, Neutrosophic Statistics, Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures, and Neutrosophic Plithogenic Optimizations
This Special Issue puts forward for discussion state-of-the-art papers on new topics related to neutrosophic theories, such as neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic extended triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic structures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic hyperstructures, refined neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic image processing, neutrosophic image classification, neutrosophic computer vision, neutrosophic machine learning, neutrosophic artificial intelligence, neutrosophic data analytics, neutrosophic deep learning, neutrosophic symmetry, and their applications in the real world. This book leads to the further advancement of the neutrosophic and plithogenic theories of NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra, NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry, Neutrosophic n-SuperHyperGraph (the most general form of graph of today), Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogenic Logic as a generalization of MultiVariate Logic, Plithogenic Probability and Plithogenic Statistics as a generalization of MultiVariate Probability and Statistics, respectively, and presents their countless applications in our every-day world.
Inverse Linear Problems on Hilbert Space and Their Krylov Solvability
This book presents a thorough discussion of the theory of abstract inverse linear problems on Hilbert space. Given an unknown vector f in a Hilbert space H, a linear operator A acting on H, and a vector g in H satisfying Af=g, one is interested in approximating f by finite linear combinations of g, Ag, A2g, A3g, ... The closed subspace generated by the latter vectors is called the Krylov subspace of H generated by g and A. The possibility of solving this inverse problem by means of projection methods on the Krylov subspace is the main focus of this text.After giving a broad introduction to the subject, examples and counterexamples of Krylov-solvable and non-solvable inverse problems are provided, together with results on uniqueness of solutions, classes of operators inducing Krylov-solvable inverse problems, and the behaviour of Krylov subspaces under small perturbations. An appendix collects material on weaker convergence phenomena in general projection methods.This subject of this book lies at the boundary of functional analysis/operator theory and numerical analysis/approximation theory and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in any of these fields.
Recent Developments in Algebraic Geometry
Written in celebration of Miles Reid's 70th birthday, this illuminating volume contains 11 papers by leading mathematicians in and around algebraic geometry, broadly related to the themes and interests of Reid's varied career. Just as in Reid's own scientific output, some of the papers give comprehensive accounts of the state of the art of foundational matters, while others give expositions of subject areas or techniques in concrete terms. Reid has been one of the major expositors of algebraic geometry and a great influence on many in this field - this book hopes to inspire a new generation of graduate students and researchers in his tradition.
Interaction of Ionizing Photons with Atomic and Molecular Ions
The interaction of ionising radiation with atomic and/or molecular ions is a fundamental process in nature, with implications for the understanding of many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. At short wavelengths, the photon-ion interactions lead to inner-shell and multiple electron excitations, leading to demands on appropriate laboratory developments of sources and detectors and requiring advanced theoretical treatments which take into account many-body electron-correlation effects.This book includes a range of papers based on different short wavelength photon sources including recent facility and instrumental developments. Topics include experimental photoabsorption studies with laser-produced plasmas and photoionization of atomic and molecular ions with synchrotron and FEL sources, including modifications of a cylindrical mirror analyzer for high efficiency photoelectron spectroscopy on ion beams. Theoretical investigations include the effects of FEL fluctuations on autoionization line shapes, multiple sequential ionization by intense fs XUV pulses, photoelectron angular distributions for non-resonant two-photon ionization, inner-shell photodetachment of Na- and spin-polarized fluxes from fullerene anions.
Selected Papers from ”Theory of Hadronic Matter under Extreme Conditions”
The book is devoted to the discussion of modern aspects of the theory of hadronic matter under extreme conditions. It consists of 12 selected contributions to the second international workshop on this topic held in fall 2019 at JINR Dubna, Russia. Of particular value are the contributions to lattice gauge theory studies attacking the problem of simulating QCD at finite baryon densities, one of the major challenges at the present time in this field. Another unique aspect is provided by the discussion of puzzling effects that appear in the poduction of hadrons in nuclear collisions, like the horn in the K+/pi+ ratio, which are subject to hydrodynamic and reaction-kinetic modeling of these nonequilibrium phenomena.
Complex Analysis
This book discusses all the major topics of complex analysis, beginning with the properties of complex numbers and ending with the proofs of the fundamental principles of conformal mappings. Topics covered in the book include the study of holomorphic and analytic functions, classification of singular points and the Laurent series expansion, theory of residues and their application to evaluation of integrals, systematic study of elementary functions, analysis of conformal mappings and their applications-making this book self-sufficient and the reader independent of any other texts on complex variables. The book is aimed at the advanced undergraduate students of mathematics and engineering, as well as those interested in studying complex analysis with a good working knowledge of advanced calculus. The mathematical level of the exposition corresponds to advanced undergraduate courses of mathematical analysis and first graduate introduction to the discipline. The book contains a large number of problems and exercises, making it suitable for both classroom use and self-study. Many standard exercises are included in each section to develop basic skills and test the understanding of concepts. Other problems are more theoretically oriented and illustrate intricate points of the theory. Many additional problems are proposed as homework tasks whose level ranges from straightforward, but not overly simple, exercises to problems of considerable difficulty but of comparable interest.
Steps Into Analytic Number Theory
This problem book gathers together 15 problem sets on analytic number theory that can be profitably approached by anyone from advanced high school students to those pursuing graduate studies. It emerged from a 5-week course taught by the first author as part of the 2019 Ross/Asia Mathematics Program held from July 7 to August 9 in Zhenjiang, China. While it is recommended that the reader has a solid background in mathematical problem solving (as from training for mathematical contests), no possession of advanced subject-matter knowledge is assumed. Most of the solutions require nothing more than elementary number theory and a good grasp of calculus. Problems touch at key topics like the value-distribution of arithmetic functions, the distribution of prime numbers, the distribution of squares and nonsquares modulo a prime number, Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions, and more. This book is suitable for any student with a special interest indeveloping problem-solving skills in analytic number theory. It will be an invaluable aid to lecturers and students as a supplementary text for introductory Analytic Number Theory courses at both the undergraduate and graduate level.
Variational Views in Mechanics
This volume provides a timely survey of interactions between the calculus of variations and theoretical and applied mechanics. Chapters have been significantly expanded since preliminary versions appeared in a special issue of the Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications (184(1), 2020) on "Calculus of Variations in Mechanics and Related Fields". The variety of topics covered offers researchers an overview of problems in mechanics that can be analyzed with variational techniques, making this a valuable reference for researchers in the field. It also presents ideas for possible future areas of research, showing how the mastery of these foundational mathematical techniques can be used for many exciting applications. Specific topics covered include: Topology optimizationIdentification of material propertiesOptimal controlPlastic flowsGradient polyconvexityObstacle problemsQuasi-monotonicity Variational Views in Mechanics will appeal to researchers in mathematics, solid-states physics, and mechanical, civil, and materials engineering.
Distribution Theory Applied to Differential Equations
This book presents important contributions to modern theories concerning the distribution theory applied to convex analysis (convex functions, functions of lower semicontinuity, the subdifferential of a convex function). The authors prove several basic results in distribution theory and present ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations by providing generalized solutions. In addition, the book deals with Sobolev spaces, which presents aspects related to variation problems, such as the Stokes system, the elasticity system and the plate equation. The authors also include approximate formulations of variation problems, such as the Galerkin method or the finite element method. The book is accessible to all scientists, and it is especially useful for those who use mathematics to solve engineering and physics problems. The authors have avoided concepts and results contained in other books in order to keep the book comprehensive. Furthermore, they do not present concrete simplified models and pay maximal attention to scientific rigor.
Calculus Made Easy
This Book is a very-simple introduction to the beautiful methods of reckoning which are generally called by the terrifying names of the Differential Calculus and The Integral Calculus.The Contents of the book are as follows .Prologue I. To deliver you from the Preliminary Terrors II. On Different Degrees of Smallness III. On Relative GrowingsV. Simplest Cases V. Next Stage. What to do with Constants VI. Sums, Differences, Products and Quotients VII. Successive Differentiation VIII. When Time Varies IX. Introducing a Useful Dodge X. Geometrical Meaning of DifferentiationXI. Maxima and MinimaXII. Curvature of Curves XIII. Other Useful Dodges XIV. On true Compound Interest and the Law of Organic Growth XV. How to deal with Sines and Cosines XVI. Partial Differentiation XVII. Integration XVIII. Integrating as the Reverse of Differentiating XIX. On Finding Areas by Integrating XX. Dodges, Pitfalls, and Triumphs XXI. Finding some Solutions Table of Standard Forms
Complex Symmetries
This volume is a collection of essays on complex symmetries. It is curated, emphasizing the analysis of the symmetries, not the various phenomena that display those symmetries themselves. With this, the volume provides insight to nonspecialist readers into how individual simple symmetries constitute complex symmetry. The authors and the topics cover many different disciplines in various sciences and arts. Simple symmetries, such as reflection, rotation, translation, similitude, and a few other simple manifestations of the phenomenon, are all around, and we are aware of them in our everyday lives. However, there are myriads of complex symmetries (composed of a bulk of simple symmetries) as well. For example, the well-known helix represents the combination of translational and rotational symmetry. Nature produces a great variety of such complex symmetries. So do the arts. The contributions in this volume analyse selected examples (not limited to geometric symmetries).These include physical symmetries, functional (meaning not morphological) symmetries, such as symmetries in the construction of the genetic code, symmetries in human perception (e.g., in geometry education as well as in constructing physical theories), symmetries in fractal structures and structural morphology, including quasicrystal and fullerene structures in stable bindings and their applications in crystallography and architectural design, as well as color symmetries in the arts. The volume is rounded of with beautiful illustrations and presents a fascinating panorama of this interdisciplinary topic.
New Trends on Analysis and Geometry in Metric Spaces
- Introduction to the Notes of the School on Analysis and Geometry in Metric Spaces. - Geometric Inequalities on Riemannian and Sub-Riemannian Manifolds by Heat Semigroups Techniques. - Differentiation of Measures in Metric Spaces. - Sobolev Spaces in Extended Metric-Measure Spaces. - Brief Survey on Functions of Bounded Variation (BV) in Metric Setting.
Harmonic and Applied Analysis
Bartolucci, F., De Mari, F., Monti, M., Unitarization of the Horocyclic Radon Transform on Symmetric Spaces.- Maurer, A., Entropy and Concentration.-Alaifari, R., Ill-Posed Problems: From Linear to Non-Linear and Beyond.- Salzo, S., Villa, S., Proximal Gradient Methods for Machine Learning and Imaging.- De Vito, E., Rosasco, L., Rudi, A., Regularization: From Inverse Problems to Large Scale Machine Learning.
Guaranteed Estimation Problems in the Theory of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations with Uncertain Data
This monograph is devoted to the construction of optimal estimates of values of linear functionals on solutions to Cauchy and two-point boundary value problems for systems of linear first-order ordinary differential equations, from indirect observations which are linear transformations of the same solutions perturbed by additive random noises. It is assumed that right-hand sides of equations and boundary data as well as statistical characteristics of random noises in observations are not known and belong to certain given sets in corresponding functional spaces. This leads to the necessity of introducing the minimax statement of an estimation problem when optimal estimates are defined as linear, with respect to observations, estimates for which the maximum of mean square error of estimation taken over the above-mentioned sets attains minimal value. Such estimates are called minimax or guaranteed estimates. It is established that these estimates are expressed explicitly via solutions to some uniquely solvable linear systems of ordinary differential equations of the special type. The authors apply these results for obtaining the optimal estimates of solutions from indirect noisy observations.Similar estimation problems for solutions of boundary value problems for linear differential equations of order n with general boundary conditions are considered. The authors also elaborate guaranteed estimation methods under incomplete data of unknown right-hand sides of equations and boundary data and obtain representations for the corresponding guaranteed estimates. In all the cases estimation errors are determined.
Evolutionary Equations
- Introduction.- Unbounded Operators.- The Time Derivative.- Ordinary Differential Equations.- The Fourier-Laplace Transformation and Material Law Operators.- Solution Theory for Evolutionary Equations.- Examples of Evolutionary Equations.- Causality and a Theorem of Paley and Wiener.- Initial Value Problems and Extrapolation Spaces.- Differential Algebraic Equations.- Exponential Stability of Evolutionary Equations.- Boundary Value Problems and Boundary Value Spaces.- Continuous Dependence on the Coefficients I.- Continuous Dependence on the Coefficients II.
Evolutionary Equations
- Introduction.- Unbounded Operators.- The Time Derivative.- Ordinary Differential Equations.- The Fourier-Laplace Transformation and Material Law Operators.- Solution Theory for Evolutionary Equations.- Examples of Evolutionary Equations.- Causality and a Theorem of Paley and Wiener.- Initial Value Problems and Extrapolation Spaces.- Differential Algebraic Equations.- Exponential Stability of Evolutionary Equations.- Boundary Value Problems and Boundary Value Spaces.- Continuous Dependence on the Coefficients I.- Continuous Dependence on the Coefficients II.
Wavelet Based Approximation Schemes for Singular Integral Equations
Many mathematical problems in science and engineering are defined by ordinary or partial differential equations with appropriate initial-boundary conditions. Among the various methods, boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is probably the most effective. It's main advantage is that it changes a problem from its formulation in terms of unbounded differential operator to one for an integral/integro-differential operator, which makes the problem tractable from the analytical or numerical point of view. Basically, the review/study of the problem is shifted to a boundary (a relatively smaller domain), where it gives rise to integral equations defined over a suitable function space. Integral equations with singular kernels areamong the most important classes in the fields of elasticity, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and other domains in applied science and engineering. With the advancesin computer technology, numerical simulations have become important tools in science and engineering. Several methods have been developed in numerical analysis for equations in mathematical models of applied sciences. Widely used methods include: Finite Difference Method (FDM), Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Galerkin Method (GM). Unfortunately, none of these are versatile. Each has merits and limitations. For example, the widely used FDM and FEM suffers from difficulties in problem solving when rapid changes appear in singularities. Even with the modern computing machines, analysis of shock-wave or crack propagations in three dimensional solids by the existing classical numerical schemes is challenging (computational time/memory requirements). Therefore, with the availability of faster computing machines, research into the development of new efficient schemes for approximate solutions/numerical simulations is an ongoing parallel activity. Numerical methods based on wavelet basis (multiresolution analysis) may be regarded as a confluence of widely used numerical schemes based on Finite Difference Method, Finite Element Method, Galerkin Method, etc. The objective of this monograph is to deal with numerical techniques to obtain (multiscale) approximate solutions in wavelet basis of different types of integral equations with kernels involving varieties of singularities appearing in the field of elasticity, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and many other domains in applied science and engineering.
Bayes' Rule
What does a medical test tell us about the chances of having a particular disease? How can we tell if a spoken phrase is, 'four candles' or 'fork handles'? How do we a perceive a three-dimensional world from from the two-dimensional images on our retinas? The short answer is Bayes' rule, which transforms meaningless statistics and raw data into useful information. Discovered by an 18th century mathematician and preacher, Bayes' rule is a cornerstone of modern probability theory. In this richly illustrated book, intuitive visual representations of real-world examples are used to show how Bayes' rule is actually a form of commonsense reasoning. The tutorial style of writing, combined with a comprehensive glossary, makes this an ideal primer for novices who wish to gain an intuitive understanding of Bayesian analysis. As an aid to understanding, online computer code (in MatLab, Python and R) reproduces key numerical results and diagrams.
Agent-based Models and Causal Inference
Agent-based Models and Causal Inference Scholars of causal inference have given little credence to the possibility that ABMs could be an important tool in warranting causal claims. Manzo's book makes a convincing case that this is a mistake. The book starts by describing the impressive progress that ABMs have made as a credible methodology in the last several decades. It then goes on to compare the inferential threats to ABMs versus the traditional methods of RCTs, regression, and instrumental variables showing that they have a common vulnerability of being based on untestable assumptions. The book concludes by looking at four examples where an analysis based on ABMs complements and augments the evidence for specific causal claims provided by other methods. Manzo has done a most convincing job of showing that ABMs can be an important resource in any researcher's tool kit.--Christopher Winship, Diker-Tishman Professor of Sociology, Harvard University, USA Agent-based Models and Causal Inference is a first-rate contribution to the debate on, and practice of, causal claims. With exemplary rigor, systematic precision and pedagogic clarity, this book contrasts the assumptions about causality that undergird agent-based models, experimental methods, and statistically based observational methods, discusses the challenges these methods face as far as inferences go, and, in light of this discussion, elaborates the case for combining these methods' respective strengths: a remarkable achievement.--Ivan Ermakoff, Professor of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Agent-based models are a uniquely powerful tool for understanding how patterns in society may arise in often surprising and counter-intuitive ways. This book offers a strong and deeply reflected argument for how ABM's can do much more: add to actual empirical explanation. The work is of great value to all social scientists interested in learning how computational modelling can help unraveling the complexity of the real social world.--Andreas Flache, Professor of Sociology at the University of Groningen, Netherlands Agent-based Models and Causal Inference is an important and much-needed contribution to sociology and computational social science. The book provides a rigorous new contribution to current understandings of the foundation of causal inference and justification in the social sciences. It provides a powerful and cogent alternative to standard statistical causal-modeling approaches to causation. Especially valuable is Manzo's careful analysis of the conditions under which an agent-based simulation is relevant to causal inference. The book represents an exceptional contribution to sociology, the philosophy of social science, and the epistemology of simulations and models.--Daniel Little, Professor of philosophy, University of Michigan, USA Agent-based Models and Causal Inference delivers an insightful investigation into the conditions under which different quantitative methods can legitimately hold to be able to establish causal claims. The book compares agent-based computational methods with randomized experiments, instrumental variables, and various types of causal graphs. Organized in two parts, Agent-based Models and Causal Inference connects the literature from various fields, including causality, social mechanisms, statistical and experimental methods for causal inference, and agent-based computation models to help show that causality means different things within different methods for causal analysis, and that persuasive causal claims can only be built at the intersection of these various methods. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough comparison between agent-based computation models to randomized experiments, instrumental variables, and several types of causal graphs A compelling argument that observational and experimental methods are not qualitatively superior to simulatio
Theoretical and Computational Research in Various Scheduling Models
Nine manuscripts were published in this Special Issue on "Theoretical and Computational Research in Various Scheduling Models, 2021" of the MDPI Mathematics journal, covering a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of various scheduling models and their extensions/generalizations. These topics include a road network maintenance project, cost reduction of the subcontracted resources, a variant of the relocation problem, a network of activities with generally distributed durations through a Markov chain, idea on how to improve the return loading rate problem by integrating the sub-tour reversal approach with the method of the theory of constraints, an extended solution method for optimizing the bi-objective no-idle permutation flowshop scheduling problem, the burn-in (B/I) procedure, the Pareto-scheduling problem with two competing agents, and three preemptive Pareto-scheduling problems with two competing agents, among others. We hope that the book will be of interest to those working in the area of various scheduling problems and provide a bridge to facilitate the interaction between researchers and practitioners in scheduling questions. Although discrete mathematics is a common method to solve scheduling problems, the further development of this method is limited due to the lack of general principles, which poses a major challenge in this research field.
Research Directions in Symplectic and Contact Geometry and Topology
This book highlights a number of recent research advances in the field of symplectic and contact geometry and topology, and related areas in low-dimensional topology. This field has experienced significant and exciting growth in the past few decades, and this volume provides an accessible introduction into many active research problems in this area. The papers were written with a broad audience in mind so as to reach a wide range of mathematicians at various levels. Aside from teaching readers about developing research areas, this book will inspire researchers to ask further questions to continue to advance the field.The volume contains both original results and survey articles, presenting the results of collaborative research on a wide range of topics. These projects began at the Research Collaboration Conference for Women in Symplectic and Contact Geometry and Topology (WiSCon) in July 2019 at ICERM, Brown University. Each group of authors includedfemale and nonbinary mathematicians at different career levels in mathematics and with varying areas of expertise. This paved the way for new connections between mathematicians at all career levels, spanning multiple continents, and resulted in the new collaborations and directions that are featured in this work.
Separation in Point-Free Topology
This book is the first systematic treatment of this area so far scattered in a vast number of articles. As in classical topology, concrete problems require restricting the (generalized point-free) spaces by various conditions playing the roles of classical separation axioms. These are typically formulated in the language of points; but in the point-free context one has either suitable translations, parallels, or satisfactory replacements. The interrelations of separation type conditions, their merits, advantages and disadvantages, and consequences are discussed. Highlights of the book include a treatment of the merits and consequences of subfitness, various approaches to the Hausdorff's axiom, and normality type axioms. Global treatment of the separation conditions put them in a new perspective, and, a.o., gave some of them unexpected importance. The text contains a lot of quite recent results; the reader will see the directions the area is taking, and may find inspirationfor her/his further work.The book will be of use for researchers already active in the area, but also for those interested in this growing field (sometimes even penetrating into some parts of theoretical computer science), for graduate and PhD students, and others. For the reader's convenience, the text is supplemented with an Appendix containing necessary background on posets, frames and locales.
Emerging Problems in the Homogenization of Partial Differential Equations
Nika, G. and Vernescu, B., Micro-geometry effects on the nonlinear effective yield strength response of magnetorheological fluids.- Jerez-Hanckes, C. et al., Multiscale analysis of myelinated axons.- P矇rez-Mart穩nez, M., Homogenization for alternating boundary conditions with large reaction terms concentrated in small regions.- G. Fulgencio, R. and Guib矇, O., Quasilinear Elliptic Problems in a Two-Component Domain with L^1 data.- Donato, P. et al., Homogenization of an eigenvalue problem in a two-component domain with interfacial jump.
Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics
The present book contains the articles published in the Special Issue "Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics: Theoretical and Numerical Challenges" of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The Special Issue aimed to highlight old and new challenges in the formulation, solution, understanding, and interpretation of models of differential equations (DEs) in different real world applications. The technical topics covered in the seven articles published in this book include: asymptotic properties of high order nonlinear DEs, analysis of backward bifurcation, and stability analysis of fractional-order differential systems. Models oriented to real applications consider the chemotactic between cell species, the mechanism of on-off intermittency in food chain models, and the occurrence of hysteresis in marketing. Numerical aspects deal with the preservation of mass and positivity and the efficient solution of Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) for optimal control problems. I hope that this collection will be useful for those working in the area of modelling real-word applications through differential equations and those who care about an accurate numerical approximation of their solutions. The reading is also addressed to those willing to become familiar with differential equations which, due to their predictive abilities, represent the main mathematical tool for applying scenario analysis to our changing world.
Linear Regression With Matlab
Linear regression is the workhorse of data analysis. It is the first step, and often the only step, in fitting a simple model to data. This brief book explains the essential mathematics required to understand and apply regression analysis. The tutorial style of writing, accompanied by over 30 diagrams, offers a visually intuitive account of linear regression, including a brief overview of nonlinear and Bayesian regression. Hands-on experience is provided in the form of numerical examples, included as Matlab code at the end of each chapter, and implemented online as Python and Matlab code. Supported by a comprehensive glossary and tutorial appendices, this book provides an ideal introduction to regression analysis.
Linear Regression With Python
Linear regression is the workhorse of data analysis. It is the first step, and often the only step, in fitting a simple model to data. This brief book explains the essential mathematics required to understand and apply regression analysis. The tutorial style of writing, accompanied by over 30 diagrams, offers a visually intuitive account of linear regression, including a brief overview of nonlinear and Bayesian regression. Hands-on experience is provided in the form of numerical examples, included as Python code at the end of each chapter, and implemented online as Python and Matlab code. Supported by a comprehensive glossary and tutorial appendices, this book provides an ideal introduction to regression analysis.
Women in Numbers Europe III
This volume includes articles spanning several research areas in number theory, such as arithmetic geometry, algebraic number theory, analytic number theory, and applications in cryptography and coding theory. Most of the articles are the results of collaborations started at the 3rd edition of the Women in Numbers Europe (WINE) conference between senior and mid-level faculty, junior faculty, postdocs, and graduate students. The contents of this book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in number theory.
Statistical Models in Toxicology
This book is intended to present an up-to-date and comprehensive account of mathematical statistics problems that occur in toxicology. The aim is to introduce a wide variety of statistical models that are currently utilized for dose-response modeling and risk analysis.
Math Explorer
This stress-free layperson's introduction to the intriguing world of numbers is designed to acquaint the general reader with the elegance and wonder of mathematics. Unlike the typical boot-camp experience of a high school or college calculus course, Jefferson Hane Weaver's approach is more like a relaxing and educational walking tour. Along the way, tour-guide Weaver points out, explains, and invites readers to sample some of the most interesting topics. Even the most math-phobic among us will be lulled into appreciation by Weaver's creative and disarming discussions of this supposedly formidable intellectual discipline. He covers all the basics: irrational and imaginary numbers, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, differential and integral calculus, the concepts of zero and infinity, vectors, set theory, chance and probability, and much more.In conclusion, he provides five fascinating historical profiles, reviewing the life and work of Copernicus, Descartes, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. More than anyone else, these five geniuses were responsible for creating the mathematical foundations of the physical sciences, which continue to make possible extraordinary discoveries and technological achievements. This enjoyable volume gives readers a working knowledge of math's most important concepts, an appreciation of its elegant logical structure, and an understanding of its historical significance in creating our contemporary world.
Game Theory for Cyber Deception
This book introduces game theory as a means to conceptualize, model, and analyze cyber deception. Drawing upon a collection of deception research from the past 10 years, the authors develop a taxonomy of six species of defensive cyber deception. Three of these six species are highlighted in the context of emerging problems such as privacy against ubiquitous tracking in the Internet of things (IoT), dynamic honeynets for the observation of advanced persistent threats (APTs), and active defense against physical denial-of-service (PDoS) attacks. Because of its uniquely thorough treatment of cyber deception, this book will serve as a timely contribution and valuable resource in this active field. The opening chapters introduce both cybersecurity in a manner suitable for game theorists and game theory as appropriate for cybersecurity professionals. Chapter Four then guides readers through the specific field of defensive cyber deception. A key feature of the remaining chapters is the development of a signaling game model for the species of leaky deception featured in honeypots and honeyfiles. This model is expanded to study interactions between multiple agents with varying abilities to detect deception. Game Theory for Cyber Deception will appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers interested in applying game theory to cybersecurity. It will also be of value to researchers and professionals working on cybersecurity who seek an introduction to game theory.
The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950
A meticulously researched history on the development of American mathematics in the three decades following World War I As the Roaring Twenties lurched into the Great Depression, to be followed by the scourge of Nazi Germany and World War II, American mathematicians pursued their research, positioned themselves collectively within American science, and rose to global mathematical hegemony. How did they do it? The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 explores the institutional, financial, social, and political forces that shaped and supported this community in the first half of the twentieth century. In doing so, Karen Hunger Parshall debunks the widely held view that American mathematics only thrived after European 矇migr矇s fled to the shores of the United States. Drawing from extensive archival and primary-source research, Parshall uncovers the key players in American mathematics who worked together to effect change and she looks at their research output over the course of three decades. She highlights the educational, professional, philanthropic, and governmental entities that bolstered progress. And she uncovers the strategies implemented by American mathematicians in their quest for the advancement of knowledge. Throughout, she considers how geopolitical circumstances shifted the course of the discipline. Examining how the American mathematical community asserted itself on the international stage, The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 shows the way one nation became the focal point for the field.
The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950
A meticulously researched history on the development of American mathematics in the three decades following World War I As the Roaring Twenties lurched into the Great Depression, to be followed by the scourge of Nazi Germany and World War II, American mathematicians pursued their research, positioned themselves collectively within American science, and rose to global mathematical hegemony. How did they do it? The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 explores the institutional, financial, social, and political forces that shaped and supported this community in the first half of the twentieth century. In doing so, Karen Hunger Parshall debunks the widely held view that American mathematics only thrived after European 矇migr矇s fled to the shores of the United States. Drawing from extensive archival and primary-source research, Parshall uncovers the key players in American mathematics who worked together to effect change and she looks at their research output over the course of three decades. She highlights the educational, professional, philanthropic, and governmental entities that bolstered progress. And she uncovers the strategies implemented by American mathematicians in their quest for the advancement of knowledge. Throughout, she considers how geopolitical circumstances shifted the course of the discipline. Examining how the American mathematical community asserted itself on the international stage, The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 shows the way one nation became the focal point for the field.
Non-Gaussian Autoregressive-Type Time Series
1. Basics of Time Series.- 2. Statistical Inference for Stationary Time Series.- 3. AR Models with Stationary Non-Gaussian Positive Marginals.- 4. AR Models with Stationary Non-Gaussian Real-Valued Marginals.- 5. Some Nonlinear AR-type Models for Non-Gaussian Time series.- 6. Linear Time Series Models with Non-Gaussian Innovations.- 7. Autoregressive-type Time Series of Counts.
Forecasting with Maximum Entropy
A unifying framework, based on Information Entropy and its maximization, to connect the phenomenology of evolutionary biology, community ecology, financial economics, and statistical physics, plus a forecasting method for important practical problems in these disciplines,
Linear Regression
Linear regression is the workhorse of data analysis. It is the first step, and often the only step, in fitting a simple model to data. This brief book explains the essential mathematics required to understand and apply regression analysis. The tutorial style of writing, accompanied by over 30 diagrams, offers a visually intuitive account of linear regression, including a brief overview of nonlinear and Bayesian regression. Hands-on experience is provided in the form of numerical examples, implemented online with Python and Matlab code. Supported by a comprehensive glossary and tutorial appendices, this book is an ideal introduction to regression analysis.
Diophantine Approximation and Dirichlet Series
1. A Review of Commutative Harmonic Analysis.- 2. Ergodic Theory and Kronecker's Theorems.- 3. Diophantine Approximation.- 4. General Properties of Dirichlet Series.- 5. Probabilistic Methods for Dirichlet Series.- 6. Hardy Spaces of Dirichlet Series.- 7. Voronin Type theorems.- 8. Composition Operators on the Space H2 of Dirichlet Series.
Homology, Cohomology, and Sheaf Cohomology for Algebraic Topology, Algebraic Geometry, and Differential Geometry
For more than thirty years the senior author has been trying to learn algebraic geometry. In the process he discovered that many of the classic textbooks in algebraic geometry require substantial knowledge of cohomology, homological algebra, and sheaf theory. In an attempt to demystify these abstract concepts and facilitate understanding for a new generation of mathematicians, he along with co-author wrote this book for an audience who is familiar with basic concepts of linear and abstract algebra, but who never has had any exposure to the algebraic geometry or homological algebra. As such this book consists of two parts. The first part gives a crash-course on the homological and cohomological aspects of algebraic topology, with a bias in favor of cohomology. The second part is devoted to presheaves, sheaves, Cech cohomology, derived functors, sheaf cohomology, and spectral sequences. All important concepts are intuitively motivated and the associated proofs of the quintessential theorems are presented in detail rarely found in the standard texts.
Abstract Algebra
This is a high level introduction to abstract algebra which is aimed at readers whose interests lie in mathematics and the information and physical sciences. In addition to introducing the main concepts of modern algebra - groups, rings, modules and fields - the book contains numerous applications, which are intended to illustrate the concepts and to show the utility and relevance of algebra today. In particular applications to Polya coloring theory, latin squares, Steiner systems, error correcting codes and economics are described. There is ample material here for a two semester course in abstract algebra. Proofs of almost all results are given. The reader led through the proofs in gentle stages. There are more than 500 problems, of varying degrees of diffi culty. The book should be suitable for advanced undergraduate students in their fi nal year of study and for fi rst or second year graduate students at a university in Europe or North America. In this third edition three new chapters have been added: an introduction to the representation theory of fi nite groups, free groups and presentations of groups, an introduction to category theory.
Square Roots of Numbers
Prime is very complex calculation which can not be entirely be understood by mathematics alone. With the help of a Spiritual Master to simplify Prime & at the same time turn it into a Fun game to play while learning. Prime itself shows how important the number one (1) is to existence & at the same time showing how special some numbers are without the availability of number one (1) is
Square Roots of Numbers
Prime is very complex calculation which can not be entirely be understood by mathematics alone. With the help of a Spiritual Master to simplify Prime & at the same time turn it into a Fun game to play while learning. Prime itself shows how important the number one (1) is to existence & at the same time showing how special some numbers are without the availability of number one (1) is
Topology and Approximate Fixed Points
This book examines in detail approximate fixed point theory in different classes of topological spaces for general classes of maps. It offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject that is up-to-date, self-contained, and rich in methods, for a wide variety of topologies and maps. Content includes known and recent results in topology (with proofs), as well as recent results in approximate fixed point theory.This work starts with a set of basic notions in topological spaces. Special attention is given to topological vector spaces, locally convex spaces, Banach spaces, and ultrametric spaces. Sequences and function spaces-and fundamental properties of their topologies-are also covered. The reader will find discussions on fundamental principles, namely the Hahn-Banach theorem on extensions of linear (bounded) functionals; the Banach open mapping theorem; the Banach-Steinhaus uniform boundedness principle; and Baire categories, including some applications. Also included are weak topologies and their properties, in particular the theorems of Eberlein-Smulian, Goldstine, Kakutani, James and Grothendieck, reflexive Banach spaces, l_{1}- sequences, Rosenthal's theorem, sequential properties of the weak topology in a Banach space and weak* topology of its dual, and the Fr矇chet-Urysohn property.The subsequent chapters cover various almost fixed point results, discussing how to reach or approximate the unique fixed point of a strictly contractive mapping of a spherically complete ultrametric space. They also introduce synthetic approaches to fixed point problems involving regular-global-inf functions. The book finishes with a study of problems involving approximate fixed point property on an ambient space with different topologies.By providing appropriate background and up-to-date research results, this book can greatly benefit graduate students and mathematicians seeking to advance in topology and fixed point theory.
Calculus of One Variable
This book is designed to serve as a textbook for courses offered to undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Mathematics. The first edition of this book was published in 2015. As there is a demand for the next edition, it is quite natural to take note of the several suggestions received from the users of the earlier edition over the past six years. This is the prime motivation for bringing out a revised second edition with a thorough revision of all the chapters. The book provides a clear understanding of the basic concepts of differential and integral calculus starting with the concepts of sequences and series of numbers, and also introduces slightly advanced topics such as sequences and series of functions, power series, and Fourier series which would be of use for other courses in mathematics for science and engineering programs. The salient features of the book are - precise definitions of basic concepts; several examples for understanding the concepts and for illustrating the results; includes proofs of theorems; exercises within the text; a large number of problems at the end of each chapter as home-assignments. The student-friendly approach of the exposition of the book would be of great use not only for students but also for the instructors. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for students and researchers enrolled in a mathematics course.
Math Foundation +
The Math Labs are designed using the "Chunking Method" of learning math concepts. Besides focused labs involving Math Foundation, an introduction to Geometry, Algebra, and Functions are also included. This book is perfect for 6th and 7th-grade students who are about to learn Pre-Algebra and Algebra 1. Others interested in this book may be those studying for standardized test exams, homeschool, and GED students.
Modern Mathematical Logic
This textbook gives a complete and modern introduction to mathematical logic. The author uses contemporary notation, conventions, and perspectives throughout, and emphasizes interactions with the rest of mathematics. In addition to covering the basic concepts of mathematical logic and the fundamental material on completeness, compactness, and incompleteness, it devotes significant space to thorough introductions to the pillars of the modern subject: model theory, set theory, and computability. Requiring only a modest background of undergraduate mathematics, the text can be readily adapted for a variety of one- or two-semester courses at the upper-undergraduate or beginning-graduate level. Numerous examples reinforce the key ideas and illustrate their applications, and a wealth of classroom-tested exercises serve to consolidate readers' understanding. Comprehensive and engaging, this book offers a fresh approach to this enduringly fascinating and important subject.
