Quintics with Symmetries
It has been known for a long time that there is no general analytical solution to determine zeros of quintics (polynomials of degree 5) by radical expressions. However, certain classes of quintic equations can be solved, including both reducible and irreducible cases. In this book, a wide range of reducible quintics is analysed which can be linked to symmetric settings of zeroes. Specifically, if there are two square roots, or if more than two zeroes of a quintic equation are located in a circular symmetric fashion - be it centrally around 0 or an arbitrary point in the field of complex numbers - this corresponds, with the exception of a 5th roots scenario, to a reducible quintic. Solutions are provided by derived equations of lower degree than 5 which are presented in this book. In addition, various examples for quintic equations that fulfil the respective conditions are shown in detail.
Formal Methods Teaching
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop and Tutorial, FMTea 2021, Held as Part of the 4th World Congress on Formal Methods, FM 2021, as a virtual event in November 2021. The 8 full papers presented together with 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 12 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: experiences and proposals related with online FM learning and teaching, integrating/embedding FM teaching/thinking within other computer science courses, teaching FM for industry, and innovative learning and teaching methods for FM.
Differential Models, Numerical Simulations and Applications
This Special Issue includes 12 high-quality articles containing original research findings in the fields of differential and integro-differential models, numerical methods and efficient algorithms for parameter estimation in inverse problems, with applications to biology, biomedicine, land degradation, traffic flows problems, and manufacturing systems.
Hypercompositional Algebra and Applications
This Special Issue demonstrates that Hypercompositional Algebra is a fertile ground for deep mathematical research and also a useful tool for other branches of mathematics, such as geometry, graph theory, etc., as well as other sciences, such as Computer Science, etc. It contains 11 papers, which also include open problems for further scientific research.
An Informal Introduction to Stochastic Calculus with Applications
Most branches of science involving random fluctuations can be approached by Stochastic Calculus. These include, but are not limited to, signal processing, noise filtering, stochastic control, optimal stopping, electrical circuits, financial markets, molecular chemistry, population dynamics, etc. All these applications assume a strong mathematical background, which in general takes a long time to develop. Stochastic Calculus is not an easy to grasp theory, and in general, requires acquaintance with the probability, analysis and measure theory.The goal of this book is to present Stochastic Calculus at an introductory level and not at its maximum mathematical detail. The author's goal was to capture as much as possible the spirit of elementary deterministic Calculus, at which students have been already exposed. This assumes a presentation that mimics similar properties of deterministic Calculus, which facilitates understanding of more complicated topics of Stochastic Calculus.The second edition contains several new features that improved the first edition both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, two more chapters have been added, Chapter 12 and Chapter 13, dealing with applications of stochastic processes in Electrochemistry and global optimization methods.This edition contains also a final chapter material containing fully solved review problems and provides solutions, or at least valuable hints, to all proposed problems. The present edition contains a total of about 250 exercises.This edition has also improved presentation from the first edition in several chapters, including new material.
Structure and Regularity of Group Actions on One-Manifolds
This book presents the theory of optimal and critical regularities of groups of diffeomorphisms, from the classical work of Denjoy and Herman, up through recent advances. Beginning with an investigation of regularity phenomena for single diffeomorphisms, the book goes on to describes a circle of ideas surrounding Filipkiewicz's Theorem, which recovers the smooth structure of a manifold from its full diffeomorphism group. Topics covered include the simplicity of homeomorphism groups, differentiability of continuous Lie group actions, smooth conjugation of diffeomorphism groups, and the reconstruction of spaces from group actions. Various classical and modern tools are developed for controlling the dynamics of general finitely generated group actions on one-dimensional manifolds, subject to regularity bounds, including material on Thompson's group F, nilpotent groups, right-angled Artin groups, chain groups, finitely generated groups with prescribed critical regularities, and applications to foliation theory and the study of mapping class groups. The book will be of interest to researchers in geometric group theory.
The Absolute Galois Group of a Semi-Local Field
This book is devoted to the structure of the absolute Galois groups of certain algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers. Its main result, a theorem proved by the authors and Florian Pop in 2012, describes the absolute Galois group of distinguished semi-local algebraic (and other) extensions of the rational numbers as free products of the free profinite group on countably many generators and local Galois groups. This is an instance of a positive answer to the generalized inverse problem of Galois theory. Adopting both an arithmetic and probabilistic approach, the book carefully sets out the preliminary material needed to prove the main theorem and its supporting results. In addition, it includes a description of Melnikov's construction of free products of profinite groups and, for the first time in book form, an account of a generalization of the theory of free products of profinite groups and their subgroups. The book will be of interest to researchers in field arithmetic, Galois theory and profinite groups.
Probability, Statistics, and Data
This book is a first course in probability and statistics using R. The book assumes a mathematical background of Calculus II, though much of the book can be read with a much lower level of mathematics. The book incorporates R throughout all sections via simulations, data wrangling and/or data visualization.
Cubic Forms and the Circle Method
- 1. Cubic Forms Over Local Fields. - 2. Waring's Problem for Cubes. - 3. Cubic Forms via Weyl Differencing. - 4. Norm Forms Over Number Fields. - 5. Diagonal Cubic Forms Over Function Fields. - 6. Lines on Cubic Hypersurfaces.
Methods and Applications of Sample Size Calculation and Recalculation in Clinical Trials
This book provides an extensive overview of the principles and methods of sample size calculation and recalculation in clinical trials. Appropriate calculation of the required sample size is crucial for the success of clinical trials. At the same time, a sample size that is too small or too large is problematic due to ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. Therefore, state-of-the art methods are required when planning clinical trials. Part I describes a general framework for deriving sample size calculation procedures. This enables an understanding of the common principles underlying the numerous methods presented in the following chapters. Part II addresses the fixed sample size design, where the required sample size is determined in the planning stage and is not changed afterwards. It covers sample size calculation methods for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, as well as comparisons between two and more than two groups. A wide range of further topics is discussed, including sample size calculation for multiple comparisons, safety assessment, and multi-regional trials. There is often some uncertainty about the assumptions to be made when calculating the sample size upfront. Part III presents methods that allow to modify the initially specified sample size based on new information that becomes available during the ongoing trial. Blinded sample size recalculation procedures for internal pilot study designs are considered, as well as methods for sample size reassessment in adaptive designs that use unblinded data from interim analyses. The application is illustrated using numerous clinical trial examples, and software code implementing the methods is provided. The book offers theoretical background and practical advice for biostatisticians and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry and academia who are involved in clinical trials. Covering basic as well as more advanced and recently developed methods, it is suitable forbeginners, experienced applied statisticians, and practitioners. To gain maximum benefit, readers should be familiar with introductory statistics. The content of this book has been successfully used for courses on the topic.
AI Age Knowledge
AI Age Knowledge. Peter Chew Triangle Diagram My Research is to create new discoveries (new rules, new methods, theorems or diagrams) to supplement the information needed to complete certain areas of mathematics. New discoveries can make solving certain mathematical problems easier, more direct and more accurate, which can help us in mathematics teaching and enable the next generation to solve the same problems directly, more easily and more accurately. By using the newly discovered Peter Chew rule and triangle diagram, all problems in the topic solution of triangle can be solved directly, easily and accurately. Because some areas of mathematics are still incomplete today, this makes current technical tools such as online calculators unable to solve certain mathematical problems. This will cause students to reduce their interest in using today's technological tools and hinder the promotion of effective mathematics learning. In order to solve the above problems, I applied my new discovery to the AI Age Calculator, PCET calculator https: //youtu.be/9m7mc0UTsSw. The new discovery enables the PCET calculator to solve all the problems in this particular field of mathematics. When the future epidemics such as Covid-19 occur in the future, it can effectively help mathematics teaching, especially for students studying at home. This book can be used not only for Engineering Mathematics students, but also for high school students, because " Solution of Triangle " is important chapters in Engineering Mathematics and high school Advanced Mathematics. It is similar to calculus and is an important chapter in Engineering Mathematics and high school Advanced Mathematics.
Discrete Multiphysics
Particle methods have proven their versatility and effectiveness in a variety of applications, ranging from the modelling of molecules to the simulation of galaxies. Their power is amplified when they are coupled within a discrete multiphysics framework. Moreover, particle methods also couple extremely well (better than mesh-based algorithms) with artificial neural networks, as recent studies on deep multiphysics show. This book collects studies that highlight the power of particle methods in addressing multiphysics problems (including multiphase and complex flows). It targets methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), the lattice spring model (LSM) or the discrete element method (DEM), and applications ranging from cavitation to cardiovascular flows. One of the reasons for looking at particle methods as members of the same family is that they all follow a very similar algorithm. This circumstance has two consequences: (i) it is straightforward to couple particle methods together, and (ii) it is relatively easy to learn a new particle method if you are already familiar with another one. Therefore, in this book, emphasis was placed on exploring the potential of coupling different particle methods, but also on material that is useful to researchers familiar with a specific particle method, who wish to expand their horizons. Consideration was also given to the 'tricks of the trade' of particle methods: i.e., rules of good practice that researchers with years of experience have developed, which are not normally found in the open literature.
Fuzzy Statistical Inferences Based on Fuzzy Random Variables
This book presents the most commonly used techniques for the most statistical inferences based on fuzzy data. It brings together many of the main ideas used in statistical inferences in one place, based on fuzzy information including fuzzy data. This book covers a much wider range of topics than a typical introductory text on fuzzy statistics. It includes common topics like elementary probability, descriptive statistics, hypothesis tests, one-way ANOVA, control-charts, reliability systems and regression models. The reader is assumed to know calculus and a little fuzzy set theory. The conventional knowledge of probability and statistics is required.Key Features: Includes example in Mathematica and MATLAB. Contains theoretical and applied exercises for each section. Presents various popular methods for analyzing fuzzy data. The book is suitable for students and researchers in statistics, social science, engineering, and economics, and it can be used at graduate and P.h.D level.
OAR Test Prep
Test Prep Books' OAR Test Prep Officer Aptitude Rating Study Guide and Practice Exam Questions for the Navy [4th Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the OAR exam. Comprehensive Study Guide Includes: Quick Overview Find out what's inside this guide! Test-Taking Strategies Learn the best tips to help overcome your exam! Introduction Get a thorough breakdown of what the test is and what's on it! Math Skills Reading Comprehension Mechanical Comprehension Practice Test Detailed Answer Explanations: Every single problem is followed by an answer explanation. We know it's frustrating to miss a question and not understand why. The answer explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. That way, you can avoid missing it again in the future. Disclaimer: Test Prep Books is not affiliated with or endorsed by any official testing organization. All organizational and test names are trademarks of their respective owners. Key Features and Benefits: Human Authored: Our book is written and edited by actual humans to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness. Comprehensive Review: Each section of the test has a comprehensive review created by Test Prep Books that goes into detail to cover all of the content likely to appear on the test. OAR Practice Test Questions: We want to give you the best practice you can find. That's why the Test Prep Books practice questions are as close as you can get to the actual test. Detailed Answer Explanations: Every single problem is followed by an answer explanation. We know it's frustrating to miss a question and not understand why. The answer explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. That way, you can avoid missing it again in the future. Test-Taking Strategies: A test taker has to understand the material that is being covered and be familiar with the latest test-taking strategies. These strategies are necessary to properly use the time provided. They also help test takers complete the test without making any errors. Test Prep Books has provided the top test-taking tips. Customer Service: We love taking care of our test takers. We make sure that you interact with a real human being when you email your comments or concerns. Get started on your studying journey today!
Complex Analysis with Applications to Number Theory
The book discusses major topics in complex analysis with applications to number theory. This book is intended as a text for graduate students of mathematics and undergraduate students of engineering, as well as to researchers in complex analysis and number theory. This theory is a prerequisite for the study of many areas of mathematics, including the theory of several finitely and infinitely many complex variables, hyperbolic geometry, two and three manifolds and number theory. In additional to solved examples and problems, the book covers most of the topics of current interest, such as Cauchy theorems, Picard's theorems, Riemann-Zeta function, Dirichlet theorem, gamma function and harmonic functions.
Mathematics, second edition, Volume 1
A comprehensive exposition of mathematics, tracing the history and cultural significance of mathematical ideas from antiquity to the present day.Mathematics, which originated in antiquity in the needs of daily life, has developed into an immense system of widely varied disciplines. Like the other sciences, it reflects the laws of the material world around us and serves as a powerful instrument for our knowledge and mastery of nature. But the high level of abstraction peculiar to mathematics means that its newer branches are relatively inaccessible to nonspecialists. This abstract character of mathematics gave birth even in antiquity to idealistic notions about its independence of the material world. In recent years, many popular books about mathematics have appeared, but many of them have neglected the twentieth century, the undisputed golden age of mathematics. This book undertakes the ultimate task of mathematical exposition, outlining the history and cultural significance of mathematical ideas and their continuous development from the earliest beginnings of history to the present day.
Algebra for High School
This book provides students with a tool to improve their knowledge in preparation to learning Mathematics. This book is intended to be a quick review of the Linear Equations and Inequalities. The book follows the main precalculus concepts needed in order to understand High School Algebra. It starts with the Cartesian System, then Straight lines, Linear Equations, and Linear Inequalities. It explains concepts as distance between points, slope of a line, solving linear one step and multi step equations, parallel and perpendicular lines, solving one step and multistep inequalities. This is the first book on the High School Algebra.
Ancient Puzzles
Match wits with the great minds of the world's greatest civilizations in this fascinating collection of ancient conundrums, brainteasers, and mind-benders. - What do prehistoric bone markings and modern computer science have in common? - What is the mystery of pi that stumped generations of ancient mathematicians? - What are the ancient puzzle origins of popular games such as tic-tac-toe and chess? - Can you solve the puzzles posed to emperor Charlemagne by Alcuin of York? - What's the secret lore behind magic squares that captured the imagination of Chinese emperors, Persian mystics, and Benjamin Franklin? Dominic Olivastro presents a popular history of mathematics by focusing on the puzzles that civilizations posed for their own education and entertainment. Here are classic "puzzle problems" from ancient Africa, Egypt, Persia, China, and Greece and from cultures and texts spanning the Middle Ages and the Renaissance all the way to the present. Each puzzle is linked with insightful folk and scientific history that helps shed light on the mysterious purpose and origin of the problem. Fascinating clues for figuring out answers draw on modern problem-solving techniques and lead to ancient secrets that, before now, have rarely been understood. Whether you decipher them for their historical significance, classical wisdom, or just for the sheer, maddening fun of it, these delightful puzzles provide a unique, entertaining, and enlightening guide to the evolution of the human mind.
The Magical Maze
Enter the magical maze of mathematics and explore the surprising passageways of a fantastical world where logic and imagination converge. For mathematics is a maze--a maze in your head--a maze of ideas, a maze of logic. And that maze in your mind is a powerful tool for understanding an even bigger maze-he maze of cause and effect that we call "the universe." That is its special kind of magic. Real magic. Strange magic. Infinitely fascinating magic. In this adventure of a book, acclaimed author Ian Stewart leads you swiftly and humorously through the junctions, byways, and secret passages of the magical maze to reveal its beauty, its surprise, and its power. Along the way, he reveals the infinite possibilities that arise from what he calls "the two-way trade between the natural world and the human mind." On your travels you will encounter number magic--both the stage-act variety and the deeper magic of animals, plants, and the physical world. You will come to understand the amazing pattern-forming abilities of the humble slime mold, the numerology of flowers, and the feeding habits of pigs and panthers. You will discover how to solve puzzles the algorithmic way, the artistic way, and the army way. You will be amazed by the deep connections between the founding of Carthage, soap bubbles, and communications networks. You will discover how to use a toy train set as a computer, and find out why this implies that there are unavoidable limits to mathematics. You will join the controversy over cars and goats, find out the terrible truth about confessions, and win endless bets about birthdays. You will see how a new idea about ferns can lead to a multi-million-dollar computer graphics company, and how Jupiter and Mars can combine forces to hurl cosmic rocks at Earth. And you will never again be able to watch a kitten, a kangaroo, or a Chihuahua without noticing the delightfully rhythmic patterns with which they move their feet. If you've always loved mathematics, you will find endless delights in the twists and turns of The Magical Maze. If you've always hated mathematics, a trip through this marvelous book will do much to change your mind.
Classical Banach Spaces I and II
Springer-Verlag began publishing books in higher mathematics in 1920, when the series Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, initially conceived as a series of advanced textbooks, was founded by Richard Courant. A few years later a new series Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, survey reports of recent mathematical research, was added. Of over 400 books published in these series, many have become recognized classics and remain standard references for their subject. Springer is reissuing a selected few of these highly successful books in a new, inexpensive sofcover edition to make them easily accessible to younger generations of students and researchers.
A First Course in Group Theory
Preliminaries Notions.- Symmetries of Shapes.- Binary Operations.- Cyclic Groups.- Inverse Functions and Permutations.- Group of Arithmetical Functions.- Matrix Groups.- Translation and Scaling Matrices.- Cosets of Subgroups and Lagrange's Theorem.- Normal Subgroups and Factor Groups.- Some Special Subgroups.- Commutators and Derived Subgroups.- Maximal Subgroups.- Group Homomorphisms.- Homomorphisms and Their Properties.- Cayley's Theorem.- Another View of Linear Groups.
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics
As faster and more efficient numerical algorithms become available, the understanding of the physics and the mathematical foundation behind these new methods will play an increasingly important role. This Special Issue provides a platform for researchers from both academia and industry to present their novel computational methods that have engineering and physics applications.
Topics in Domination in Graphs
This volume comprises 16 contributions that present advanced topics in graph domination, featuring open problems, modern techniques, and recent results. The focus is on primary dominating sets such as paired domination, connected domination, restrained domination, dominating functions, Roman domination, and power domination. Additionally, surveys include known results with a sample of proof techniques for each parameter. Of extra benefit to the reader, the first chapter includes a glossary of commonly used terms; the second chapter provides an overview of models of domination from which the parameters are defined. The book is intended to provide a reference for established researchers in the fields of domination and graph theory and graduate students who wish to gain knowledge of the topics covered as well as an overview of the major accomplishments in the field and proof techniques used.
Inverse Problems with Applications in Science and Engineering
Driven the advancement of industrial mathematics and the need for impact case studies, this book thoroughly examines the state-of-the-art of some representative classes of inverse and ill-posed problems for partial differential equations (PDEs).
Ethereum
This book is an exclusive read to get the proper understanding about Ethereum and how to make money using it. Ethereum goes beyond a cryptocurrency by providing a platform with all tools users need to create and run decentralized applications. Decentralized applications are those that can run without depending on a centralized authority. Here Is A Preview Of What's Included...- What is ethereum?- Smart contracts, dapps, and daos- The technology behind ethereum- What is ethereum mining?- Uses of ethereum- What is ether?- The financial history of ether- Much, much more!Now that the world is going digital, everyone can feel its effects in all sectors of the economy, including the financial industry. People are searching for transactions that are convenient and seamless. With the birth of cryptocurrency, operations are now faster and more transparent. However, there are rapid developments taking place every day, and it is imperative to have a general understanding of how a cryptocurrency works.
The Construction of Mathematics
Is mathematics created or discovered? The answer has been debated for centuries. This book answers the question clearly and decisively by applying the concept of language games, invented by the philosopher Wittgenstein to solve difficult philosophical issues. Using the results of modern brain science, the book also explains how it is possible that eminent mathematicians and scientists offer diametrically opposed answers to the question of creation vs. discovery. Interested in the topic but intimidated by mathematics? Not to worry. If you are familiar with the elementary operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, you can follow the arguments of this book.
Optimization and Applications
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Optimization and Applications, OPTIMA 2021, held in Petrovac, Montenegro, in September-October 2021. The 22 full and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers are organized into the following topical sub-headings: mathematical programming, global optimization, discrete and combinatorial optimization, optimal control, optimization and data analysis, and game theory and mathematical economics.
Fundamentals of Causal Inference
Explains and relates different methods of confounding adjustment in terms of potential outcomes and graphical models, including standardization, difference-in-differences estimation, the front-door method, instrumental variables estimation, and propensity score methods.
Founding Mathematics on Semantic Conventions
This book presents a new nominalistic philosophy of mathematics: semantic conventionalism. Its central thesis is that mathematics should be founded on the human ability to create language - and specifically, the ability to institute conventions for the truth conditions of sentences.This philosophical stance leads to an alternative way of practicing mathematics: instead of "building" objects out of sets, a mathematician should introduce new syntactical sentence types, together with their truth conditions, as he or she develops a theory.Semantic conventionalism is justified first through criticism of Cantorian set theory, intuitionism, logicism, and predicativism; then on its own terms; and finally, exemplified by a detailed reconstruction of arithmetic and real analysis.Also included is a simple solution to the liar paradox and the other paradoxes that have traditionally been recognized as semantic. And since it is argued that mathematics is semantics, thissolution also applies to Russell's paradox and the other mathematical paradoxes of self-reference.In addition to philosophers who care about the metaphysics and epistemology of mathematics or the paradoxes of self-reference, this book should appeal to mathematicians interested in alternative approaches.
Understanding Boundary Value Problems, Weyl Functions and Differential Operators: Volume 3
Boundary value problems are differential equations with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution which satisfies the boundary conditions is a solution to the boundary value problem and the differential equation. The Weyl distance function behaves in some ways like the distance function of a metric space. It takes values in a group of reflections, instead of taking values in the positive real numbers. This group of reflections is called the Weyl group. A differential operator is a function of the differentiation operator, also known as the derivative. Differentiation can be considered as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of boundary value problems, Weyl functions, differential operators and related fields. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Constant effort has been made in this book, using case studies and examples, to make the understanding of these difficult concepts of mathematics as easy and informative as possible to the readers.
Homological Theory of Representations
Modern developments in representation theory rely heavily on homological methods. This book for advanced graduate students and researchers introduces these methods from their foundations up and discusses several landmark results that illustrate their power and beauty. Categorical foundations include abelian and derived categories, with an emphasis on localisation, spectra, and purity. The representation theoretic focus is on module categories of Artin algebras, with discussions of the representation theory of finite groups and finite quivers. Also covered are Gorenstein and quasi-hereditary algebras, including Schur algebras, which model polynomial representations of general linear groups, and the Morita theory of derived categories via tilting objects. The final part is devoted to a systematic introduction to the theory of purity for locally finitely presented categories, covering pure-injectives, definable subcategories, and Ziegler spectra. With its clear, detailed exposition of important topics in modern representation theory, many of which were unavailable in one volume until now, it deserves a place in every representation theorist's library.
Finite Difference Computing: Theory and Software Applications
Finite-difference methods (FDM) are a class of numerical techniques which are used for solving differential equations by estimating derivatives with finite differences. It involves discretizing the spatial domain and time interval. The value of the solution at these discrete points is approximated by solving algebraic equations having finite differences and values from adjacent points. Finite difference methods transform ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations, into a system of linear equations that can be solved by matrix algebra techniques. Modern computers can perform these linear algebra computations efficiently, which has led to the widespread use of FDM in modern numerical analysis. It is considered to be one of the most common approaches to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of finite difference computing. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of this method. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with finite-difference methods will benefit alike from this book.
Understanding Boundary Value Problems, Weyl Functions and Differential Operators: Volume 1
Boundary value problems are differential equations with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution which satisfies the boundary conditions is a solution to the boundary value problem and the differential equation. The Weyl distance function behaves in some ways like the distance function of a metric space. It takes values in a group of reflections, instead of taking values in the positive real numbers. This group of reflections is called the Weyl group. A differential operator is a function of the differentiation operator, also known as the derivative. Differentiation can be considered as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of boundary value problems, Weyl functions, differential operators and related fields. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Constant effort has been made in this book, using case studies and examples, to make the understanding of these difficult concepts of mathematics as easy and informative as possible to the readers.
Models of Delay Differential Equations
This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering
Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory
This book provides an extensive set of tools for applying fuzzy mathematics and graph theory to real-life problems. Balancing the basics and latest developments in fuzzy graph theory, this book starts with existing fundamental theories such as connectivity, isomorphism, products of fuzzy graphs, and different types of paths and arcs in fuzzy graphs to focus on advanced concepts such as planarity in fuzzy graphs, fuzzy competition graphs, fuzzy threshold graphs, fuzzy tolerance graphs, fuzzy trees, coloring in fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy graphs, intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, m-polar fuzzy graphs, applications of fuzzy graphs, and more. Each chapter includes a number of key representative applications of the discussed concept. An authoritative, self-contained, and inspiring read on the theory and modern applications of fuzzy graphs, this book is of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, engineering, and computer science, as well as researchers interestedin new developments in fuzzy logic and applied mathematics.
Linear Model Theory
1 A Brief Introduction.- 2 Selected Matrix Algebra Topics and Results.- 3 Generalized Inverses and Solutions to Sytems of Linear Equations.- 4 Moments of a Random Vector and of Linear and Quadratic Forms in a Random Vector.- 5 Types of Linear Models.- 6 Estimability.- 7 Least Squares Estimation for the Gauss-Markov Model.- 8 Least Squares Geometry and the Overall ANOVA.- 9 Least Squares Estimation and ANOVA for Partitioned Models.- 10 Constrained Least Squares Estimation and ANOVA.- 11 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation for the Aitken Model.- 12 Model Misspecification.- 13 Best Linear Unbiased Prediction.- 14 Distribution Theory.- 15 Inference for Estimable and Predictable Functions.- 16 Inference for Variance-Covariance Parameters.- 17 Empirical BLUE and BLUP.
Applied Engineering Statistics
Thoroughly updated throughout, this second edition will continue to be about the practicable methods of statistical applications for engineers, and as well for scientists and people in business.
Graphs for the Analysis of Bipolar Fuzzy Information
This monograph discusses decision making methods under bipolar fuzzy graphical models with the aim of overcoming the lack of mathematical approach towards bipolar information-positive and negative. It investigates the properties of bipolar fuzzy graphs, their distance functions, and concept of their isomorphism. It presents certain notions, including irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy circuits, energy in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs, and bipolar neutrosophic graph structures. This book also presents the applications of mentioned concepts to real-world problems in areas of product manufacturing, international relations, psychology, global terrorism and more, making it valuable for researchers, computer scientists, social scientists and alike.
Linear Model Theory
Preface.- 1 A Brief Introduction.- 2 Selected Matrix Algebra Topics and Results.- 3 Generalized Inverses and Solutions to Systems of Linear Equations.- 4 Moments of a Random Vector and of Linear and Quadratic Forms in a Random Vector.- 5 Types of Linear Models.- 6 Estimability.- 7 Least Squares Estimation for the Gauss-Markov Model.- 8 Least Squares Geometry and the Overall ANOVA.- 9 Least Squares Estimation and ANOVA for Partitioned Models.- 10 Constrained Least Squares Estimation and ANOVA.- 11 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation for the Aitken Model.- 12 Model Misspecification.- 13 Best Linear Unbiased Prediction.- 14 Distribution Theory.- 15 Inference for Estimable and Predictable Functions.- 16 Inference for Variance-Covariance Parameters.- 17 Empirical BLUE and BLUP.- Index.
Spatial Complexity
This book delivers stimulating input for a broad range of researchers, from geographers and ecologists to psychologists interested in spatial perception and physicists researching in complex systems. How can one decide whether one surface or spatial object is more complex than another? What does it require to measure the spatial complexity of small maps, and why does this matter for nature, science and technology? Drawing from algorithmics, geometry, topology, probability and informatics, and with examples from everyday life, the reader is invited to cross the borders into the bewildering realm of spatial complexity, as it emerges from the study of geographic maps, landscapes, surfaces, knots, 3D and 4D objects. The mathematical and cartographic experiments described in this book lead to hypotheses and enigmas with ramifications in aesthetics and epistemology.
Partial Differential Equations in Anisotropic Musielak-Orlicz Spaces
This book provides a detailed study of nonlinear partial differential equations satisfying certain nonstandard growth conditions which simultaneously extend polynomial, inhomogeneous and fully anisotropic growth. The common property of the many different kinds of equations considered is that the growth conditions of the highest order operators lead to a formulation of the equations in Musielak-Orlicz spaces. This high level of generality, understood as full anisotropy and inhomogeneity, requires new proof concepts and a generalization of the formalism, calling for an extended functional analytic framework. This theory is established in the first part of the book, which serves as an introduction to the subject, but is also an important ingredient of the whole story. The second part uses these theoretical tools for various types of PDEs, including abstract and parabolic equations but also PDEs arising from fluid and solid mechanics. For connoisseurs, there is a short chapter on homogenization of elliptic PDEs. The book will be of interest to researchers working in PDEs and in functional analysis.
A Journey Through Math-Land
If you look at math by eyes you see symbols, by brain knowledge, by heart truth, and by soul God. This book is about flying over math-land, enjoying the view, and landing safely. It seems inconceivable how much we rely on mathematics/numbers in our daily lives and how natural it feels. Our birth is announced by a set of numbers representing the time, date, and our height and weight. We become a functioning member of society only after a Social Security number is assigned to us. Our health and fitness are evaluated using numbers representing our blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and so on. From that point onward, every action performed and every life encountered becomes part of our ongoing use of mathematics/numbers. This book traces applications of mathematics. The goal is to find a way to delight readers about the discipline and open the door for them to see its beauty by presenting a variety of applications. It is particularly useful for the individuals with some mathematics background or interests.
What Are the Chances of That?
Chance fills every day of our lives and affects every decision we make. Yet, for something woven so closely into the fabric of our being, we are not very good at thinking about uncertainty and risk. In this lively and engaging book, Andrew C. A. Elliott asks why this is so. He picks at the threads and, in showing how our world is built on probability rather than certainty, he identifies five obstacles to thinking about uncertainty that confuse us time after time. Elliott takes us into the casino, but this is not an invitation to gamble. He looks at financial markets, but this is not a guide to investment. There's discussion of health, but this is not a medical book. He touches on genetics and evolution, and music-making, and writing, because chance is at work there too. Entering many different fields, What are the Chances of That? is always following the trail of chance and randomness. One purpose of the book is to go cross-country, to show that there are connected ways of thinking that disrespect boundaries and cut across the domains of finance, and gambling, and genetics, and public health, and creativity. Through it, one visits the vantage points that give a broad view of the landscape and sees how these different areas of life and knowledge are connected - through chance. What are the Chances of That? discusses chance and the importance of understanding how it affects our lives. It goes beyond a mathematical approach to the subject, showing how our thinking about chance and uncertainty has been shaped by history and culture, and only relatively recently by the mathematical theory of probability. In considering how we think about uncertainty, Elliott proposes five "dualities" that encapsulate many of the ambiguities that arise.
A Journey Through Math-Land
If you look at math by eyes you see symbols, by brain knowledge, by heart truth, and by soul God. This book is about flying over math-land, enjoying the view, and landing safely. It seems inconceivable how much we rely on mathematics/numbers in our daily lives and how natural it feels. Our birth is announced by a set of numbers representing the time, date, and our height and weight. We become a functioning member of society only after a Social Security number is assigned to us. Our health and fitness are evaluated using numbers representing our blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and so on. From that point onward, every action performed and every life encountered becomes part of our ongoing use of mathematics/numbers. This book traces applications of mathematics. The goal is to find a way to delight readers about the discipline and open the door for them to see its beauty by presenting a variety of applications. It is particularly useful for the individuals with some mathematics background or interests.
Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Non-Linear Reactive Flows
The focus of this monograph is the development of space-time adaptive methods to solve the convection/reaction dominated non-stationary semi-linear advection diffusion reaction (ADR) equations with internal/boundary layers in an accurate and efficient way. After introducing the ADR equations and discontinuous Galerkin discretization, robust residual-based a posteriori error estimators in space and time are derived. The elliptic reconstruction technique is then utilized to derive the a posteriori error bounds for the fully discrete system and to obtain optimal orders of convergence.As coupled surface and subsurface flow over large space and time scales is described by (ADR) equation the methods described in this book are of high importance in many areas of Geosciences including oil and gas recovery, groundwater contamination and sustainable use of groundwater resources, storing greenhouse gases or radioactive waste in the subsurface.
Introduction to Applied Optimization
Intended for advanced undergraduate/graduate students as well as scientists and engineers, this textbook presents a multi-disciplinary view of optimization, providing a thorough examination of algorithms, methods, techniques, and tools from diverse areas of optimization. Linear programming, nonlinear programming, discrete optimization, global optimization, optimization under uncertainty, multi-objective optimization, optimal control, and stochastic optimal control are introduced in each self-contained chapter, with exercises, examples, and case studies, the true gems of this text. This third edition includes additional content in each chapter designed to clarify or enhance the exposition, and update methodologies and solutions. A new real-world case study related to sustainability is added in Chapters 2--7. GAMS, AIMMS, and MATLAB(R) files of case studies for Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are freely accessible electronically as extra source materials. A solutions manual is available to instructors who adopt the textbook for their course.From the reviews: This work is definitely a welcome addition to the existing optimization literature, given its emphasis on modeling and solution practice, as well as its 'user-friendly' style of exposition. -- J獺nos D. Pint矇r, European Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 177, 2007 Urmila Diwekar's book on applied optimization is one of the few books on the subject that combines impressive breadth of coverage with delightful readability. In her exposition of concepts and algorithms in the major areas of optimization, she always goes to the heart of the matter and illustrates her explanations with simple diagrams and numerical examples. Graduate and undergraduate students, who constitute part of the target audience, should find this a very useful book. -- Jamshed A. Modi, Interfaces, Vol.36 (1), 2006Optimization is a rich field with a strong history; this book nicely introduces both, moving from very introductory material to challenging techniques toward the end ... Examples range from quite simplistic through realistic difficult scheduling problems. Some examples resurface in different chapter with twists to demonstrate how different techniques are required for differing data and constraints. -- CHOICE, September 2004
Arithmetic Geometry of Logarithmic Pairs and Hyperbolicity of Moduli Spaces
This textbook introduces exciting new developments and cutting-edge results on the theme of hyperbolicity. Written by leading experts in their respective fields, the chapters stem from mini-courses given alongside three workshops that took place in Montr矇al between 2018 and 2019. Each chapter is self-contained, including an overview of preliminaries for each respective topic. This approach captures the spirit of the original lectures, which prepared graduate students and those new to the field for the technical talks in the program. The four chapters turn the spotlight on the following pivotal themes: The basic notions of o-minimal geometry, which build to the proof of the Ax-Schanuel conjecture for variations of Hodge structures;A broad introduction to the theory of orbifold pairs and Campana's conjectures, with a special emphasis on the arithmetic perspective;A systematic presentation and comparison between different notions of hyperbolicity, as an introduction to the Lang-Vojta conjectures in the projective case;An exploration of hyperbolicity and the Lang-Vojta conjectures in the general case of quasi-projective varieties.Arithmetic Geometry of Logarithmic Pairs and Hyperbolicity of Moduli Spaces is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers in number theory, complex algebraic geometry, and arithmetic geometry. A basic course in algebraic geometry is assumed, along with some familiarity with the vocabulary of algebraic number theory.
