Basic Representation Theory of Algebras
This textbook introduces the representation theory of algebras by focusing on two of its most important aspects: the Auslander-Reiten theory and the study of the radical of a module category. It starts by introducing and describing several characterisations of the radical of a module category, then presents the central concepts of irreducible morphisms and almost split sequences, before providing the definition of the Auslander-Reiten quiver, which encodes much of the information on the module category. It then turns to the study of endomorphism algebras, leading on one hand to the definition of the Auslander algebra and on the other to tilting theory. The book ends with selected properties of representation-finite algebras, which are now the best understood class of algebras. Intended for graduate students in representation theory, this book is also of interest to any mathematician wanting to learn the fundamentals of this rapidly growing field. A graduate course innon-commutative or homological algebra, which is standard in most universities, is a prerequisite for readers of this book.
An Invitation to Representation Theory
Preface Introduction Chapter 1. First Steps Chapter 2. Polynomials, Subspaces, and Subrepresentations Chapter 3. Intertwining Maps, Complete Reducibility, and Invariant Inner Products Chapter 4. The Structure of the Symmetric Group Chapter 5. Sn Decomposition of Polynomial Spaces for n= 1,2,3. Chapter 6. The Group Algebra Chapter 7. The Irreducible Representations of Sn: Characters Chapter 8. The Irreducible Representations of Sn: Young Symmetrizers Chapter 9. Cosets, Restricted and Induced Representations Chapter 10. Direct Products of Groups, Young Subgroups and Permutation Modules Chapter 11. Specht Modules Chapter 12. Decomposition of Young Permutation Modules Chapter 13. Branching Relations Bibliography Index
Computational Linear Algebra
Courses on linear algebra and numerical analysis need each other. Often NA courses have some linear algebra topics, and LA courses mention some topics from numerical analysis/scientific computing. This text merges these two areas into one introductory undergraduate course. It assumes students have had multivariable calculus.
Classically Semisimple Rings
Classically Semisimple Rings is a textbook on rings, modules and categories, aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students.The book presents the classical theory of semisimple rings from a modern, category-theoretic point of view. Examples from algebra are used to motivate the abstract language of category theory, which then provides a framework for the study of rings and modules, culminating in the Wedderburn-Artin classification of semisimple rings. In the last part of the book, readers are gently introduced to related topics such as tensor products, exchange modules and C*-algebras. As a final flourish, Rickart's theorem on group rings ties a number of these topics together. Each chapter ends with a selection of exercises of varying difficulty, and readers interested in the history of mathematics will find biographical sketches of important figures scattered throughout the text.Assuming previous knowledge in linear and basic abstract algebra, this book can serve as a textbook for a course in algebra, providing students with valuable early exposure to category theory.
Effective Kan Fibrations in Simplicial Sets
1. Introduction2. Preliminaries3. Dominances4. AWFS from Moore structure5. The Frobenius construction6. Mould squares and effective Kan fibrations7. Pi-types8. Effective trivial Kan fibrations in simplicial sets9. Simplicial sets as a Moore category10. Hyperdeformation retracts in simplicial sets11. Mould squares in simplicial sets12. Horn squares13. Conclusion
Chain Conditions in Commutative Rings
- Preface.- S-Noetherian Modules and Rings.- S-Artininian Rings and Modules.- Almost Principal Polynomial Rings.- The SFT and t-SFT rings.- Nonnil-Noetherian Rings.- Strongly Hopfian, Endo-Noetherian and Isonoetherian Rings.- Index.
The Cohomology of Commutative Semigroups
This book provides an organized exposition of the current state of the theory of commutative semigroup cohomology, a theory which was originated by the author and has matured in the past few years. The work contains a fundamental scientific study of questions in the theory. The various approaches to commutative semigroup cohomology are compared. The problems arising from definitions in higher dimensions are addressed. Computational methods are reviewed. The main application is the computation of extensions of commutative semigroups and their classification. Previously the components of the theory were scattered among a number of research articles. This work combines all parts conveniently in one volume. It will be a valuable resource for future students of and researchers in commutative semigroup cohomology and related areas.
Finite-Dimensional Vector Spaces
Master expositor Paul Halmos presents Linear Algebra in the pure axiomatic spirit. He writes "My purpose in this book is to treat linear transformations on finite dimensional vector spaces by the methods of more general theories. The idea is to emphasize the simple geometric notions common to many parts of mathematics and its applications, and to do so in a language that gives away the trade secrets ...". This text is an ideal supplement to modern treatments of Linear Algebra. "The theory is systematically developed by the axiomatic method that has, since von Neumann, dominated the general approach to linear functional analysis and that achieves here a high degree of lucidity and clarity....The book contains about 350 well placed and instructive problems, which cover a considerable part of the subject. All in all this is an excellent work, of equally high value for both student and teacher." --Zentralblatt f羹r Mathematik.
An Indefinite Excursion in Operator Theory
This modern introduction to operator theory on spaces with indefinite inner product discusses the geometry and the spectral theory of linear operators on these spaces, the deep interplay with complex analysis, and applications to interpolation problems. The text covers the key results from the last four decades in a readable way with full proofs provided throughout. Step by step, the reader is guided through the intricate geometry and topology of spaces with indefinite inner product, before progressing to a presentation of the geometry and spectral theory on these spaces. The author carefully highlights where difficulties arise and what tools are available to overcome them. With generous background material included in the appendices, this text is an excellent resource for researchers in operator theory, functional analysis, and related areas as well as for graduate students.
The Fabulous Fibonacci Numbers
The most ubiquitous, and perhaps the most intriguing, number pattern in mathematics is the Fibonacci sequence. In this simple pattern beginning with two ones, each succeeding number is the sum of the two numbers immediately preceding it (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ad infinitum). Far from being just a curiosity, this sequence recurs in structures found throughout nature - from the arrangement of whorls on a pinecone to the branches of certain plant stems. All of which is astounding evidence for the deep mathematical basis of the natural world. With admirable clarity, two veteran math educators take us on a fascinating tour of the many ramifications of the Fibonacci numbers. They begin with a brief history of a distinguished Italian discoverer, who, among other accomplishments, was responsible for popularizing the use of Arabic numerals in the West. Turning to botany, the authors demonstrate, through illustrative diagrams, the unbelievable connections between Fibonacci numbers and natural forms (pineapples, sunflowers, and daisies are just a few examples). In art, architecture, the stock market, and other areas of society and culture, they point out numerous examples of the Fibonacci sequence as well as its derivative, the "golden ratio." And of course in mathematics, as the authors amply demonstrate, there are almost boundless applications in probability, number theory, geometry, algebra, and Pascal's triangle, to name a few.Accessible and appealing to even the most math-phobic individual, this fun and enlightening book allows the reader to appreciate the elegance of mathematics and its amazing applications in both natural and cultural settings.
A Primer of Subquasivariety Lattices
Preface.- Introduction.- Varieties and quasivarieties in general languages.- Equaclosure operators.- Preclops on finite lattices.- Finite lattices as Sub(S,∧, 1,����): The case J(L) ⊆ ���� (L).- Finite lattices as Sub(S,∧, 1,����): The case J(L) ̸⊆ ���� (L).- The six-step program: From (L, ����) to (Lq(����), Γ).- Lattices 1 + L as Lq(����).- Representing distributive dually algebraic lattices.- Problems and an advertisement.- Appendices.
Galois Theory
Since 1973, Galois Theory has been educating undergraduate students on Galois groups and classical Galois theory. In Galois Theory, Fifth Edition, mathematician and popular science author Ian Stewart updates this well-established textbook for today's algebra students.
Intermediate Algebra
Intermediate Algebra provides precollege algebra students with the essentials for understanding what algebra is, how it works, and why it so useful. It is written with plain language and includes annotated examples and practice exercises so that even students with an aversion to math will understand these ideas and learn how to apply them. This textbook expands on algebraic concepts that students need to progress with mathematics at the college level, including linear, exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic functions; sequences; and dimensional analysis. Written by faculty at Chemeketa Community College for the students in the classroom, Intermediate Algebra is a classroom-tested textbook that sets students up for success.
Elementary Algebra
Elementary Algebra provides precollege algebra students with the essentials for understanding what algebra is, how it works, and why it so useful. It is written with plain language and includes annotated examples and practice exercises so that even students with an aversion to math will understand these ideas and learn how to apply them. This textbook expands on algebraic concepts that students need to progress with mathematics at the college level, including linear models and equations, polynomials, and quadratic equations. Written by faculty at Chemeketa Community College for the students in the classroom, Elementary Algebra is a classroom-tested textbook that sets students up for success.
Introduction to Matrix Theory
Matrix Operations.- Systems of Linear Equations.- Matrix as a Linear Map.- Orthogonality.- Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.- Canonical Forms.- Norms of Matrices.- Short Bibliography.- Index.
Algebra II All-In-One for Dummies
Every intermediate algebra lesson, example, and practice problem you need in a single, easy-to-use reference Algebra II can be a tough nut to crack when you first meet it. But with the right tools...well, she's still tough but she gets a heckuva lot easier to manage. In Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies you'll find your very own step-by-step roadmap to solving even the most challenging Algebra II problems, from conics and systems of equations to exponential and logarithmic functions. In the book, you'll discover the ins and outs of function transformation and evaluation, work out your brain with complex and imaginary numbers, and apply formulas from statistics and probability theory. You'll also find: Accessible and practical lessons and practice for second year high-school or university algebra students End-of-chapter quizzes that help you learn - and remember! - key algebraic concepts, such as quadratic equations, graphing techniques, and matrices One-year access to additional chapter quizzes online, where you can track your progress and get real-time feedback! Your own personal mathematical toolbox for some of the most useful and foundational math you'll learn in school, this Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies combines hands-on techniques, methods, and strategies from a variety of sources into one, can't-miss reference. You'll get the insights, formulas, and practice you need, all in a single book (with additional quizzes online!) that's ideal for students and lifelong learners alike!
Linear Algebra II: Advanced Topics for Applications
This is the second volume of the two-volume book on linear algebra in the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) Engineering Course.The objective of this second volume is to branch out from the standard mathematical results presented in the first volume to illustrate useful specific topics pertaining to engineering applications. While linear algebra is primarily concerned with systems of equations and eigenvalue problems for matrices and vectors with real or complex entries, this volumes covers other topics such as matrices and graphs, nonnegative matrices, systems of linear inequalities, integer matrices, polynomial matrices, generalized inverses, and group representation theory.The chapters are, for the most part, independent of each other, and can be read in any order according to the reader's interest. The main objective of this book is to present the mathematical aspects of linear algebraic methods for engineering that will potentially be effective in various application areas.
Simplicial and Dendroidal Homotopy Theory
This open access book offers a self-contained introduction to the homotopy theory of simplicial and dendroidal sets and spaces. These are essential for the study of categories, operads, and algebraic structure up to coherent homotopy. The dendroidal theory combines the combinatorics of trees with the theory of Quillen model categories. Dendroidal sets are a natural generalization of simplicial sets from the point of view of operads. In this book, the simplicial approach to higher category theory is generalized to a dendroidal approach to higher operad theory. This dendroidal theory of higher operads is carefully developed in this book. The book also provides an original account of the more established simplicial approach to infinity-categories, which is developed in parallel to the dendroidal theory to emphasize the similarities and differences. Simplicial and Dendroidal Homotopy Theory is a complete introduction, carefully written with the beginning researcher in mind and ideally suited for seminars and courses. It can also be used as a standalone introduction to simplicial homotopy theory and to the theory of infinity-categories, or a standalone introduction to the theory of Quillen model categories and Bousfield localization.
Tensor Algebra and Analysis for Engineers: With Applications to Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces
In modern theoretical and applied mechanics, tensors and differential geometry are two almost essential tools. Unfortunately, in university courses for engineering and mechanics students, these topics are often poorly treated or even completely ignored. At the same time, many existing, very complete texts on tensors or differential geometry are so advanced and written in abstract language that discourage young readers looking for an introduction to these topics specifically oriented to engineering applications.This textbook, mainly addressed to graduate students and young researchers in mechanics, is an attempt to fill the gap. Its aim is to introduce the reader to the modern mathematical tools and language of tensors, with special applications to the differential geometry of curves and surfaces in the Euclidean space. The exposition of the matter is sober, directly oriented to problems that are ordinarily found in mechanics and engineering. Also, the language and symbols are tailored to those usually employed in modern texts of continuum mechanics.Though not exhaustive, as any primer textbook, this volume constitutes a coherent, self-contained introduction to the mathematical tools and results necessary in modern continuum mechanics, concerning vectors, 2nd- and 4th-rank tensors, curves, fields, curvilinear coordinates, and surfaces in the Euclidean space. More than 100 exercises are proposed to the reader, many of them complete the theoretical part through additional results and proofs. To accompany the reader in learning, all the exercises are entirely developed and solved at the end of the book.
Algebraic Number Theory for Beginners
This book introduces algebraic number theory through the problem of generalizing 'unique prime factorization' from ordinary integers to more general domains. Solving polynomial equations in integers leads naturally to these domains, but unique prime factorization may be lost in the process. To restore it, we need Dedekind's concept of ideals. However, one still needs the supporting concepts of algebraic number field and algebraic integer, and the supporting theory of rings, vector spaces, and modules. It was left to Emmy Noether to encapsulate the properties of rings that make unique prime factorization possible, in what we now call Dedekind rings. The book develops the theory of these concepts, following their history, motivating each conceptual step by pointing to its origins, and focusing on the goal of unique prime factorization with a minimum of distraction or prerequisites. This makes a self-contained easy-to-read book, short enough for a one-semester course.
Algebraic Number Theory for Beginners
This book introduces algebraic number theory through the problem of generalizing 'unique prime factorization' from ordinary integers to more general domains. Solving polynomial equations in integers leads naturally to these domains, but unique prime factorization may be lost in the process. To restore it, we need Dedekind's concept of ideals. However, one still needs the supporting concepts of algebraic number field and algebraic integer, and the supporting theory of rings, vector spaces, and modules. It was left to Emmy Noether to encapsulate the properties of rings that make unique prime factorization possible, in what we now call Dedekind rings. The book develops the theory of these concepts, following their history, motivating each conceptual step by pointing to its origins, and focusing on the goal of unique prime factorization with a minimum of distraction or prerequisites. This makes a self-contained easy-to-read book, short enough for a one-semester course.
Introduction to Algebra and Geometry
Introduction to Algebra and Geometry introduces students to the concepts in algebraic relationships that can be applied to further study of math at the college level. Intended for college-level developmental math students, this book gives student the tools to understand and apply algebra and geometry to the fields of engineering, science, welding, diesel mechanics, and more. This book is a reprint of chapters from Douglas Gardner's Applied Algebra I and Applied Algebra II, packaged in a more condensed format.
Linear Algebra I: Basic Concepts
This is the first volume of the two-volume book on linear algebra, in the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) Engineering Course.The objective of this volume is to present, from the engineering viewpoint, the standard mathematical results in linear algebra such as those on systems of equations and eigenvalue problems. In addition to giving mathematical theorems and formulas, it explains how the mathematical concepts such as rank, eigenvalues, and singular values are linked to engineering applications and numerical computations.In particular, the following four aspects are emphasized.How matrices arise (discretization of differential equations, description of system structures, description of transition probability)What kinds of matrices arise (sparse matrices, positive definite matrices, diagonally-dominant matrices, nonnegative matrices, integer matrices, polynomial matrices)What characteristics we are interested in (rank, eigenvalues, singular values, positive definiteness)How we can compute (expansion formulas of determinants, elementary transformation, estimates of eigenvalues)
Linear Algebra I: Basic Concepts
This is the first volume of the two-volume book on linear algebra, in the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) Engineering Course.The objective of this volume is to present, from the engineering viewpoint, the standard mathematical results in linear algebra such as those on systems of equations and eigenvalue problems. In addition to giving mathematical theorems and formulas, it explains how the mathematical concepts such as rank, eigenvalues, and singular values are linked to engineering applications and numerical computations.In particular, the following four aspects are emphasized.
Linear Algebra
The purpose of this book is to explain linear algebra clearly for beginners. In doing so, the author states and explains somewhat advanced topics such as Hermitian products and Jordan normal forms. Starting from the definition of matrices, it is made clear with examples that matrices and matrix operation are abstractions of tables and operations of tables. The author also maintains that systems of linear equations are the starting point of linear algebra, and linear algebra and linear equations are closely connected. The solutions to systems of linear equations are found by solving matrix equations in the row-reduction of matrices, equivalent to the Gauss elimination method of solving systems of linear equations. The row-reductions play important roles in calculation in this book. To calculate row-reductions of matrices, the matrices are arranged vertically, which is seldom seen but is convenient for calculation. Regular matrices and determinants of matrices are defined and explained. Furthermore, the resultants of polynomials are discussed as an application of determinants. Next, abstract vector spaces over a field K are defined. In the book, however, mainly vector spaces are considered over the real number field and the complex number field, in case readers are not familiar with abstract fields. Linear mappings and linear transformations of vector spaces and representation matrices of linear mappings are defined, and the characteristic polynomials and minimal polynomials are explained. The diagonalizations of linear transformations and square matrices are discussed, and inner products are defined on vector spaces over the real number field. Real symmetric matrices are considered as well, with discussion of quadratic forms. Next, there are definitions of Hermitian inner products. Hermitian transformations, unitary transformations, normal transformations and the spectral resolution of normal transformations and matrices are explained. The book ends withJordan normal forms. It is shown that any transformations of vector spaces over the complex number field have matrices of Jordan normal forms as representation matrices.
Linear Algebra
This book is intended primarily as an undergraduate textbook but is written in such a way that it can be also a valuable resource for independent learning. The narrative of the book takes a matrix approach: the exposition is intertwined with matrices either as the main subject or as tools to explore the theory.
Quaternion Algebras
This open access textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic theory of quaternion algebras and orders, a subject with applications in diverse areas of mathematics. Written to be accessible and approachable to the graduate student reader, this text collects and synthesizes results from across the literature. Numerous pathways offer explorations in many different directions, while the unified treatment makes this book an essential reference for students and researchers alike. Divided into five parts, the book begins with a basic introduction to the noncommutative algebra underlying the theory of quaternion algebras over fields, including the relationship to quadratic forms. An in-depth exploration of the arithmetic of quaternion algebras and orders follows. The third part considers analytic aspects, starting with zeta functions and then passing to an idelic approach, offering a pathway from local to global that includes strong approximation. Applications of unitgroups of quaternion orders to hyperbolic geometry and low-dimensional topology follow, relating geometric and topological properties to arithmetic invariants. Arithmetic geometry completes the volume, including quaternionic aspects of modular forms, supersingular elliptic curves, and the moduli of QM abelian surfaces. Quaternion Algebras encompasses a vast wealth of knowledge at the intersection of many fields. Graduate students interested in algebra, geometry, and number theory will appreciate the many avenues and connections to be explored. Instructors will find numerous options for constructing introductory and advanced courses, while researchers will value the all-embracing treatment. Readers are assumed to have some familiarity with algebraic number theory and commutative algebra, as well as the fundamentals of linear algebra, topology, and complex analysis. More advanced topics call upon additional background, as noted, though essential concepts andmotivation are recapped throughout.
Abstract Algebra
This textbook intends to serve as a first course in abstract algebra. The selection of topics serves both of the common trends in such a course: a balanced introduction to groups, rings, and fields; or a course that primarily emphasizes group theory. This book offers a unique feature in the lists of projects at the end of each section.
Classical Vector Algebra
Vector algebra discussed in this book addresses primarily the vectors in 3-dimensional Euclidian space, and more specifically in Cartesian R^3 space.The book is intended to be a comprehensive introduction to vector algebra in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, and its application to analytic geometry.
Leibniz Algebras
Leibniz Algebras: Structure and Classification is designed to introduce the reader to the theory of Leibniz algebras. Leibniz algebra is generalization of Lie algebras. These algebras preserve a unique property of Lie algebras that the right multiplication operators are derivations.
Generalized B*-Algebras and Applications
1. Introduction.- 2. A Spectral Theory for Locally Convex Algebras.- 3. Generalized B*-Algebras: Functional Representation Theory.- 4. Commutative Generalized B*-Algebras: Functional Calculus and Equivalent Topologies.- 5. Extended C*-Algebras and Extended W*-Algebras.- 6. Generalized B*-Algebras: Unbounded *-Representation Theory.- 7. Applications I: Miscellanea.- 8. Applications II: Tensor Products.
Cherlin's Conjecture for Finite Primitive Binary Permutation Groups
This book gives a proof of Cherlin's conjecture for finite binary primitive permutation groups. Motivated by the part of model theory concerned with Lachlan's theory of finite homogeneous relational structures, this conjecture proposes a classification of those finite primitive permutation groups that have relational complexity equal to 2. The first part gives a full introduction to Cherlin's conjecture, including all the key ideas that have been used in the literature to prove some of its special cases. The second part completes the proof by dealing with primitive permutation groups that are almost simple with socle a group of Lie type. A great deal of material concerning properties of primitive permutation groups and almost simple groups is included, and new ideas are introduced. Addressing a hot topic which cuts across the disciplines of group theory, model theory and logic, this book will be of interest toa wide range of readers. It will be particularly useful for graduate students and researchers who need to work with simple groups of Lie type.
The Number-System of Algebra
I THEORETICAL1. THE POSITIVE INTEGER, AND THE LAWS WHICH REGULATE THE ADDITION AND MULTIPLICATION OF POSITIVE INTEGERS.2. SUBTRACTION AND THE NEGATIVE INTEGER.3. DIVISION AND THE FRACTION.4. THE IRRATIONAL5. THE IMAGINARY COMPLEX NUMBERS.6. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS. THE VARIABLE.7. THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA.8. INFINITE SERIES.9. THE EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION. THE BINOMIAL THEOREM HISTORICAL 10. PRIMITIVE NUMERALS.11. HISTORIC SYSTEMS OF NOTATION.12. THE FRACTION.13. ORIGIN OF THE IRRATIONAL14. ORIGIN OF THE NEGATIVE AND THE IMAGINARY THE EQUATION.15. ACCEPTANCE OF THE NEGATIVE, THE GENERAL IRRATIONAL, AND THE IMAGINARY AS NUMBERS.16. RECOGNITION OF THE PURELY SYMBOLIC CHARACTER OF ALGEBRA. QUATERNIONS. AUSDEHNUNGSLEHRE.
Introduction to Abstract Algebra, An: Sets, Groups, Rings, and Fields
This book is a textbook for a semester-long or year-long introductory course in abstract algebra at the upper undergraduate or beginning graduate level.It treats set theory, group theory, ring and ideal theory, and field theory (including Galois theory), and culminates with a treatment of Dedekind rings, including rings of algebraic integers.In addition to treating standard topics, it contains material not often dealt with in books at this level. It provides a fresh perspective on the subjects it covers, with, in particular, distinctive treatments of factorization theory in integral domains and of Galois theory.As an introduction, it presupposes no prior knowledge of abstract algebra, but provides a well-motivated, clear, and rigorous treatment of the subject, illustrated by many examples. Written with an eye toward number theory, it contains numerous applications to number theory (including proofs of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares and of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity) and serves as an excellent basis for further study in algebra in general and number theory in particular.Each of its chapters concludes with a variety of exercises ranging from the straightforward to the challenging in order to reinforce students' knowledge of the subject. Some of these are particular examples that illustrate the theory while others are general results that develop the theory further.
Introduction to Abstract Algebra, An: Sets, Groups, Rings, and Fields
This book is a textbook for a semester-long or year-long introductory course in abstract algebra at the upper undergraduate or beginning graduate level.It treats set theory, group theory, ring and ideal theory, and field theory (including Galois theory), and culminates with a treatment of Dedekind rings, including rings of algebraic integers.In addition to treating standard topics, it contains material not often dealt with in books at this level. It provides a fresh perspective on the subjects it covers, with, in particular, distinctive treatments of factorization theory in integral domains and of Galois theory.As an introduction, it presupposes no prior knowledge of abstract algebra, but provides a well-motivated, clear, and rigorous treatment of the subject, illustrated by many examples. Written with an eye toward number theory, it contains numerous applications to number theory (including proofs of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares and of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity) and serves as an excellent basis for further study in algebra in general and number theory in particular.Each of its chapters concludes with a variety of exercises ranging from the straightforward to the challenging in order to reinforce students' knowledge of the subject. Some of these are particular examples that illustrate the theory while others are general results that develop the theory further.
Investigating Human Interaction Through Mathematical Analysis
Investigating Human Interaction through Mathematical Analysis offers a new and unique approach to social intragroup interaction by using mathematics and psychophysics to create a mathematical model based on social psychological theories.
Multivariable Calculus with Mathematica
This book aims to address the calculus of several variables. Instead of just using Mathematica to directly solve problems, the students are encouraged to learn the syntax and to write their own code to solve problems.
Introduction to Modern Algebra and Its Applications
The book provides an introduction to modern abstract algebra and its applications. It covers all major topics of classical theory of numbers, groups, rings, fields and finite dimensional algebras. The book also provides interesting and important modern applications in such subjects as Cryptography, Coding Theory, Computer Science and Physics. In particular, it considers algorithm RSA, secret sharing algorithms, Diffie-Hellman Scheme and ElGamal cryptosystem based on discrete logarithm problem. It also presents Buchberger's algorithm which is one of the important algorithms for constructing Gr繹bner basis. Key Features: Covers all major topics of classical theory of modern abstract algebra such as groups, rings and fields and their applications. In addition it provides the introduction to the number theory, theory of finite fields, finite dimensional algebras and their applications. Provides interesting and important modern applications in such subjects as Cryptography, Coding Theory, Computer Science and Physics. Presents numerous examples illustrating the theory and applications. It is also filled with a number of exercises of various difficulty. Describes in detail the construction of the Cayley-Dickson construction for finite dimensional algebras, in particular, algebras of quaternions and octonions and gives their applications in the number theory and computer graphics.
Linear Algebra for Pattern Processing
Linear algebra is one of the most basic foundations of a wide range of scientific domains, and most textbooks of linear algebra are written by mathematicians. However, this book is specifically intended to students and researchers of pattern information processing, analyzing signals such as images and exploring computer vision and computer graphics applications. The author himself is a researcher of this domain. Such pattern information processing deals with a large amount of data, which are represented by high-dimensional vectors and matrices. There, the role of linear algebra is not merely numerical computation of large-scale vectors and matrices. In fact, data processing is usually accompanied with "geometric interpretation." For example, we can think of one data set being "orthogonal" to another and define a "distance" between them or invoke geometric relationships such as "projecting" some data onto some space. Such geometric concepts not only help us mentally visualize abstracthigh-dimensional spaces in intuitive terms but also lead us to find what kind of processing is appropriate for what kind of goals. First, we take up the concept of "projection" of linear spaces and describe "spectral decomposition," "singular value decomposition," and "pseudoinverse" in terms of projection. As their applications, we discuss least-squares solutions of simultaneous linear equations and covariance matrices of probability distributions of vector random variables that are not necessarily positive definite. We also discuss fitting subspaces to point data and factorizing matrices in high dimensions in relation to motion image analysis. Finally, we introduce a computer vision application of reconstructing the 3D location of a point from three camera views to illustrate the role of linear algebra in dealing with data with noise. This book is expected to help students and researchers of pattern information processing deepen the geometric understanding of linear algebra.
Jordan Canonical Form
Jordan Canonical Form (JCF) is one of the most important, and useful, concepts in linear algebra. The JCF of a linear transformation, or of a matrix, encodes all of the structural information about that linear transformation, or matrix. This book is a careful development of JCF. After beginning with background material, we introduce Jordan Canonical Form and related notions: eigenvalues, (generalized) eigenvectors, and the characteristic and minimum polynomials. We decide the question of diagonalizability, and prove the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Then we present a careful and complete proof of the fundamental theorem: Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over the field of complex numbers C, and let T: V → V be a linear transformation. Then T has a Jordan Canonical Form. This theorem has an equivalent statement in terms of matrices: Let A be a square matrix with complex entries. Then A is similar to a matrix J in Jordan Canonical Form, i.e., there is an invertible matrix P and a matrix J in Jordan Canonical Form with A = PJP-1. We further present an algorithm to find P and J, assuming that one can factor the characteristic polynomial of A. In developing this algorithm we introduce the eigenstructure picture (ESP) of a matrix, a pictorial representation that makes JCF clear. The ESP of A determines J, and a refinement, the labeled eigenstructure picture (ℓESP) of A, determines P as well. We illustrate this algorithm with copious examples, and provide numerous exercises for the reader. Table of Contents: Fundamentals on Vector Spaces and Linear Transformations / The Structure of a Linear Transformation / An Algorithm for Jordan Canonical Form and Jordan Basis
Advanced Linear and Matrix Algebra
This textbook emphasizes the interplay between algebra and geometry to motivate the study of advanced linear algebra techniques. Matrices and linear transformations are presented as two sides of the same coin, with their connection motivating inquiry throughout the book. Building on a first course in linear algebra, this book offers readers a deeper understanding of abstract structures, matrix decompositions, multilinearity, and tensors. Concepts draw on concrete examples throughout, offering accessible pathways to advanced techniques. Beginning with a study of vector spaces that includes coordinates, isomorphisms, orthogonality, and projections, the book goes on to focus on matrix decompositions. Numerous decompositions are explored, including the Shur, spectral, singular value, and Jordan decompositions. In each case, the author ties the new technique back to familiar ones, to create a coherent set of tools. Tensors and multilinearity complete the book, with a study of the Kronecker product, multilinear transformations, and tensor products. Throughout, "Extra Topic" sections augment the core content with a wide range of ideas and applications, from the QR and Cholesky decompositions, to matrix-valued linear maps and semidefinite programming. Exercises of all levels accompany each section. Advanced Linear and Matrix Algebra offers students of mathematics, data analysis, and beyond the essential tools and concepts needed for further study. The engaging color presentation and frequent marginal notes showcase the author's visual approach. A first course in proof-based linear algebra is assumed. An ideal preparation can be found in the author's companion volume, Introduction to Linear and Matrix Algebra.
Matrix Analysis and Entrywise Positivity Preservers
Matrices and kernels with positivity structures, and the question of entrywise functions preserving them, have been studied throughout the 20th century, attracting recent interest in connection to high-dimensional covariance estimation. This is the first book to systematically develop the theoretical foundations of the entrywise calculus, focusing on entrywise operations - or transforms - of matrices and kernels with additional structure, which preserve positive semidefiniteness. Designed as an introduction for students, it presents an in-depth and comprehensive view of the subject, from early results to recent progress. Topics include: structural results about, and classifying the preservers of positive semidefiniteness and other Loewner properties (monotonicity, convexity, super-additivity); historical connections to metric geometry; classical connections to moment problems; and recent connections to combinatorics and Schur polynomials. Based on the author's course, the book is structured for use as lecture notes, including exercises for students, yet can also function as a comprehensive reference text for experts.
Jordanus de Nemore, de Numeris Datis
Jordanus de Nemore's De Numeris Datis stands as a groundbreaking text, marking the advent of advanced algebra in Western Europe. Written in the 13th century, the work assumes mastery of basic algebra and progresses to develop a systematic approach to quadratic, simultaneous, and proportional equations, many of which had not been previously articulated in European mathematics. By providing sophisticated techniques for numerical analysis, Jordanus not only addressed the needs of his contemporary mathematical community but also laid a foundational stone for the algebraic advancements that followed. The text bridges a gap between the classical mathematical traditions of the Greeks and the revolutionary algebraic methods emerging in the medieval Islamic world, showcasing Jordanus's role as an intellectual conduit in a period of vibrant cross-cultural exchange. Despite scant biographical information about Jordanus himself, his contributions resonate through the depth and structure of his work. De Numeris Datis combines theoretical rigor with practical application, offering propositions and methods that are both abstract and directly applicable to real-world problems. The text's influence is underscored by its enduring presence in medieval and Renaissance scholarship, with numerous surviving manuscripts and commentaries attesting to its relevance. By formalizing algebraic analysis in a way that prefigures later works like Vi癡te's Introduction to the Analytical Art, Jordanus elevated algebra from a computational tool to a discipline of logical inquiry, cementing his legacy as one of the seminal figures in the history of mathematics. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.
Jordanus de Nemore, de Numeris Datis
Jordanus de Nemore's De Numeris Datis stands as a groundbreaking text, marking the advent of advanced algebra in Western Europe. Written in the 13th century, the work assumes mastery of basic algebra and progresses to develop a systematic approach to quadratic, simultaneous, and proportional equations, many of which had not been previously articulated in European mathematics. By providing sophisticated techniques for numerical analysis, Jordanus not only addressed the needs of his contemporary mathematical community but also laid a foundational stone for the algebraic advancements that followed. The text bridges a gap between the classical mathematical traditions of the Greeks and the revolutionary algebraic methods emerging in the medieval Islamic world, showcasing Jordanus's role as an intellectual conduit in a period of vibrant cross-cultural exchange. Despite scant biographical information about Jordanus himself, his contributions resonate through the depth and structure of his work. De Numeris Datis combines theoretical rigor with practical application, offering propositions and methods that are both abstract and directly applicable to real-world problems. The text's influence is underscored by its enduring presence in medieval and Renaissance scholarship, with numerous surviving manuscripts and commentaries attesting to its relevance. By formalizing algebraic analysis in a way that prefigures later works like Vi癡te's Introduction to the Analytical Art, Jordanus elevated algebra from a computational tool to a discipline of logical inquiry, cementing his legacy as one of the seminal figures in the history of mathematics. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.
Introduction to Linear and Matrix Algebra
This textbook emphasizes the interplay between algebra and geometry to motivate the study of linear algebra. Matrices and linear transformations are presented as two sides of the same coin, with their connection motivating inquiry throughout the book. By focusing on this interface, the author offers a conceptual appreciation of the mathematics that is at the heart of further theory and applications. Those continuing to a second course in linear algebra will appreciate the companion volume Advanced Linear and Matrix Algebra. Starting with an introduction to vectors, matrices, and linear transformations, the book focuses on building a geometric intuition of what these tools represent. Linear systems offer a powerful application of the ideas seen so far, and lead onto the introduction of subspaces, linear independence, bases, and rank. Investigation then focuses on the algebraic properties of matrices that illuminate the geometry of the linear transformations that they represent. Determinants, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors all benefit from this geometric viewpoint. Throughout, "Extra Topic" sections augment the core content with a wide range of ideas and applications, from linear programming, to power iteration and linear recurrence relations. Exercises of all levels accompany each section, including many designed to be tackled using computer software. Introduction to Linear and Matrix Algebra is ideal for an introductory proof-based linear algebra course. The engaging color presentation and frequent marginal notes showcase the author's visual approach. Students are assumed to have completed one or two university-level mathematics courses, though calculus is not an explicit requirement. Instructors will appreciate the ample opportunities to choose topics that align with the needs of each classroom, and the online homework sets that are available through WeBWorK.
