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Differential Geometry
This elementary account of the differential geometry of curves and surfaces in space provides students with a good foundation for further study. It explores the ideas of curvature and torsion using the concept of the spin-vector, and it examines the curvature of surfaces, with particular reference to developable surfaces and ruled surfaces.The approach is by vector methods throughout, but only the most elementary vector algebra is assumed. The text consistently appeals first to geometrical intuition, and then the treatment is made fully rigorous as far as space permits. Many special types of surfaces occur among the examples, and a complete set of solutions provides readers with a full appreciation of all concepts.
Convex Surfaces
In this self-contained geometry text, the author describes the main results of convex surface theory, providing all definitions and precise theorems. The first half focuses on extrinsic geometry and applications of the Brunn-Minkowski theory. The second part examines intrinsic geometry and the realization of intrinsic metrics.Starting with a brief overview of notations and terminology, the text proceeds to convex curves, the theorems of Meusnier and Euler, extrinsic Gauss curvature, and the influence of the curvature on the local shape of a surface. A chapter on the Brunn-Minkowski theory and its applications is followed by examinations of intrinsic metrics, the metrics of convex hypersurfaces, geodesics, angles, triangulations, and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The final chapter explores the rigidity of convex polyhedra, the realization of polyhedral metrics, Weyl's problem, local realization of metrics with non-negative curvature, open and closed surfaces, and smoothness of realizations.
Symmetries and Laplacians
This introductory text, based largely on examples and applications of general theory, covers commutative harmonic analysis, compact and finite groups, Lie groups, and the Heisenberg group and semidirect products. 1992 edition.
Differential Manifolds
The concepts of differential topology form the center of many mathematical disciplines such as differential geometry and Lie group theory. Differential Manifolds presents to advanced undergraduates and graduate students the systematic study of the topological structure of smooth manifolds. Author Antoni A. Kosinski, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Rutgers University, offers an accessible approach to both the h-cobordism theorem and the classification of differential structures on spheres."How useful it is," noted the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, "to have a single, short, well-written book on differential topology." This volume begins with a detailed, self-contained review of the foundations of differential topology that requires only a minimal knowledge of elementary algebraic topology. Subsequent chapters explain the technique of joining manifolds along submanifolds, the handle presentation theorem, and the proof of the h-cobordism theorem based on these constructions. There follows a chapter on the Pontriagin Construction--the principal link between differential topology and homotopy theory. The final chapter introduces the method of surgery and applies it to the classification of smooth structures of spheres. The text is supplemented by numerous interesting historical notes and contains a new appendix, "The Work of Grigory Perelman," by John W. Morgan, which discusses the most recent developments in differential topology.
Advanced Euclidean Geometry
For many years, this elementary treatise on advanced Euclidean geometry has been the standard textbook in this area of classical mathematics; no other book has covered the subject quite as well. It explores the geometry of the triangle and the circle, concentrating on extensions of Euclidean theory, and examining in detail many relatively recent theorems. Several hundred theorems and corollaries are formulated and proved completely; numerous others remain unproved, to be used by students as exercises.The author makes liberal use of circular inversion, the theory of pole and polar, and many other modern and powerful geometrical tools throughout the book. In particular, the method of "directed angles" offers not only a powerful method of proof but also furnishes the shortest and most elegant form of statement for several common theorems. This accessible text requires no more extensive preparation than high school geometry and trigonometry.
A Geometric Analysis of the Platonic Solids and Other Semi-regular Polyhedra
Getting Inside the Mind of Nature: Discover the simple but powerful mathematics of the underlying geometric figures that shape our world Can geometry be exciting? It can for those who can appreciate the beauty of numbers and their relationships. This book contains a meticulous geometric investigation of the 5 Platonic Solids and 5 other important polyhedra, as well as reference charts for each solid. Poly (many) hedron (face) means "many faces." Polyhedra are 3 dimensional figures with 4 or more faces, or sides. These polyhedra are reflections of Nature herself, and a study of them provides insight into the way the world is structured. Nature is not only beautiful, but highly intelligent. As you explore the polyhedra in this book, this will become apparent over and over again. The book contains a geometric explanation of the Phi Ratio and Fibonacci series, and a detailed analysis of the pentagon, which forms the basis for many of these solids. The pentagon is composed entirely of Phi relationships, and is integral to a proper understanding of sacred geometry. With over 140 full-color illustrations, this book is perfect for teachers and students of geometry alike. It is a must for those who are serious about sacred geometry. This book is dedicated to those who can appreciate the logic of numbers and the beauty of nature, for they are both aspects of the same unifying principle. Prerequisites: knowledge of simple algebra and elementary trigonometry. No brainiac math skills required! Only the ability to appreciate nature's own logic. Book #1 in the Geometric Explorations Series From Loving Healing Press (www.LovingHealing.com)
College Geometry
Translated into many languages, this book was in continuous use as the standard university-level text for a quarter-century, until it was revised and enlarged by the author in 1952. World-renowned writer and researcher Nathan Altshiller-Court (1881-1968) was a professor of mathematics at the University of Oklahoma for more than thirty years. His revised introduction to modern geometry offers today's students the benefits of his many years of teaching experience.The first part of the text stresses construction problems, proceeding to surveys of similitude and homothecy, properties of the triangle and the quadrilateral, and harmonic division. Subsequent chapters explore the geometry of the circle -- including inverse points, orthogonals, coaxals, and the problem of Apollonius and triangle geometry, focusing on Lemoine and Brocard geometry, isogonal lines, Tucker circles, and the orthopole. Numerous exercises of varying degrees of difficulty appear throughout the text.
Proof in Geometry
This single-volume compilation of two books explores the construction of geometric proofs. In addition to offering useful criteria for determining correctness, it presents examples of faulty proofs that illustrate common errors. High-school geometry is the sole prerequisite.Proof in Geometry, the first in this two-part compilation, discusses the construction of geometric proofs and presents criteria useful for determining whether a proof is logically correct and whether it actually constitutes proof. It features sample invalid proofs, in which the errors are explained and corrected.Mistakes in Geometric Proofs, the second book in this compilation, consists chiefly of examples of faulty proofs. Some illustrate mistakes in reasoning students might be likely to make, and others are classic sophisms. Chapters 1 and 3 present the faulty proofs, and chapters 2 and 4 offer comprehensive analyses of the errors.
Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions
Brief but rigorous, this text is geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It covers the coordinate system, planes and lines, spheres, homogeneous coordinates, general equations of the second degree, quadric in Cartesian coordinates, and intersection of quadrics. Mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, William H. McCrea conducted research in many areas and is best known for his work on relativity and cosmology. McCrea studied and taught at universities around the world, and this book is based on a series of his lectures.
Algebraic Geometry
This text for advanced undergraduate students is both an introduction to algebraic geometry and a bridge between its two parts -- the analytical-topological and the algebraic. Because of its extensive use of formal power series (power series without convergency), the treatment will appeal to readers conversant with analysis but less familiar with the formidable techniques of modern algebra. The book opens with an overview of the results required from algebra and proceeds to the fundamental concepts of the general theory of algebraic varieties: general point, dimension, function field, rational transformations, and correspondences. A concentrated chapter on formal power series with applications to algebraic varieties follows. An extensive survey of algebraic curves includes places, linear series, abelian differentials, and algebraic correspondences. The text concludes with an examination of systems of curves on a surface.
Gauge Theory And Variational Principles
This text provides a framework for describing and organizing the basic forces of nature and the interactions of subatomic particles. A detailed and self-contained mathematical account of gauge theory, it is geared toward beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduates in mathematics and physics. This well-organized treatment supplements its rigor with intuitive ideas.Starting with an examination of principal fiber bundles and connections, the text explores curvature; particle fields, Lagrangians, and gauge invariance; Lagrange's equation for particle fields; and the inhomogeneous field equation. Additional topics include free Dirac electron fields; interactions; calculus on frame bundle; and unification of gauge fields and gravitation. The text concludes with references, a selected bibliography, an index of notation, and a general index.
History Of Analytic Geometry
Specifically designed as an integrated survey of the development of analytic geometry, this classic study takes a unique approach to the history of ideas. The author, a distinguished historian of mathematics, presents a detailed view of not only the concepts themselves, but also the ways in which they extended the work of each generation, from before the Alexandrian Age through the eras of the great French mathematicians Fermat and Descartes, and on through Newton and Euler to the "Golden Age," from 1789 to 1850. Appropriate as an undergraduate text, this history is accessible to any mathematically inclined reader. 1956 edition. Analytical bibliography. Index.
Extremal Graph Theory
The ever-expanding field of extremal graph theory encompasses a diverse array of problem-solving methods, including applications to economics, computer science, and optimization theory. This volume, based on a series of lectures delivered to graduate students at the University of Cambridge, presents a concise yet comprehensive treatment of extremal graph theory.Unlike most graph theory treatises, this text features complete proofs for almost all of its results. Further insights into theory are provided by the numerous exercises of varying degrees of difficulty that accompany each chapter. Although geared toward mathematicians and research students, much of Extremal Graph Theory is accessible even to undergraduate students of mathematics. Pure mathematicians will find this text a valuable resource in terms of its unusually large collection of results and proofs, and professionals in other fields with an interest in the applications of graph theory will also appreciate its precision and scope.
Practical Conic Sections
Illustrated with interesting examples from everyday life, this text shows how to create ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas and presents fascinating historical background on their ancient origins. The text starts with a discussion of techniques for generating the conic curves, showing how to create accurate depictions of large or small conic curves and describing their reflective properties, from light in telescopes to sound in microphones and amplifiers. It further defines the role of curves in the construction of auditoriums, antennas, lamps, and numerous other design applications. Only a basic knowledge of plane geometry needed; suitable for undergraduate courses. 1993 edition. 98 figures.
Ruler and the Round
An intriguing look at the ""impossible"" geometric constructions (those that defy completion with just a ruler and a compass), this book covers angle trisection and circle division. 1970 edition.
The Works of Archimedes
The complete works of antiquity's great geometer appear here in a highly accessible English translation by a distinguished scholar. Remarkable for his range of thought and his mastery of treatment, Archimedes addressed such topics as the famous problems of the ratio of the areas of a cylinder and an inscribed sphere; the measurement of a circle; the properties of conoids, spheroids, and spirals; and the quadrature of the parabola. This edition offers an informative introduction with many valuable insights into the ancient mathematician's life and thought as well as the views of his contemporaries. Modern mathematicians, physicists, science historians, and logicians will find this volume a source of timeless fascination.
Euclid's Window
Through Euclid's Window Leonard Mlodinow brilliantly and delightfully leads us on a journey through five revolutions in geometry, from the Greek concept of parallel lines to the latest notions of hyperspace. Here is an altogether new, refreshing, alternative history of math revealing how simple questions anyone might ask about space -- in the living room or in some other galaxy -- have been the hidden engine of the highest achievements in science and technology. Based on Mlodinow's extensive historical research; his studies alongside colleagues such as Richard Feynman and Kip Thorne; and interviews with leading physicists and mathematicians such as Murray Gell-Mann, Edward Witten, and Brian Greene, Euclid's Window is an extraordinary blend of rigorous, authoritative investigation and accessible, good-humored storytelling that makes a stunningly original argument asserting the primacy of geometry. For those who have looked through Euclid's Window, no space, no thing, and no time will ever be quite the same.
A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology
Algebraic topology is a basic part of modern mathematics, and some knowledge of this area is indispensable for any advanced work relating to geometry, including topology itself, differential geometry, algebraic geometry, and Lie groups. This book provides a detailed treatment of algebraic topology both for teachers of the subject and for advanced graduate students in mathematics either specializing in this area or continuing on to other fields. J. Peter May's approach reflects the enormous internal developments within algebraic topology over the past several decades, most of which are largely unknown to mathematicians in other fields. But he also retains the classical presentations of various topics where appropriate. Most chapters end with problems that further explore and refine the concepts presented. The final four chapters provide sketches of substantial areas of algebraic topology that are normally omitted from introductory texts, and the book concludes with a list of suggested readings for those interested in delving further into the field.
Spherical Models
Well known through the work of Buckminster Fuller, models of spherical polyhedral excite the imaginations not only of mathematicians, architects and engineers but also of artists and designers. This book, concerned with polyhedrons, sphere tilings, and dome structures, offers a well-illustrated, practical approach to creating a host of beautiful and interesting models, including starfaced spherical forms that can serve as basic structures for geodesic domes.Employing only the most elementary mathematical principles, the text initially provides complete instructions for making spherical models from five regular solids, using only circular bands of paper, a ruler and a compass. Also discussed is tessellation, or tiling, on a sphere and how to make spherical models of all the semiregular solids. The volume concludes with a discussion of the relationship of polyhedral to geodesic domes and directions for building models of the domes.Abundantly illustrated with photographs, drawings, and computer graphics of attractive geometrical models, this volume will appeal to a wide range of readers--from students and teachers of mathematics, art, design, architecture and engineering, to recreational mathematics enthusiasts and builders of geodesic domes.
The Green Book of Mathematical Problems
This convenient volume offers a popular selection of 100 practice problems -- with hints and solutions -- for students preparing for undergraduate-level math competitions. The challenging brainteasers will also appeal to anyone interested in problems concerning real numbers, differential equations, integrals, polynomials, sets, and other mathematical topics. The hints are very helpful and the solutions are easy to follow. Questions drawn from geometry, group theory and linear algebra involve subjects ranging from multivariate integration to finite series to infinite sums and classical analysis. The only prerequisite is a high school-level background in mathematics. Problem-solvers at varying degrees of proficiency will find this treasury of top-notch numerical puzzles an invitation to hone their mathematical skills as well as a source of stimulating entertainment.
Sacred Geometry
The thinkers of ancient Egypt, Greece and India recognized that numbers governed much of what they saw in their world and hence provided an approach to its divine creator. Robert Lawlor sets out the system that determines the dimension and the form of both man-made and natural structures, from Gothic cathedrals to flowers, from music to the human body. By also involving the reader in practical experiments, he leads with ease from simple principles to a grasp of the logarithmic spiral, the Golden Proportion, the squaring of the circle and other ubiquitous ratios and proportions.Art and Imagination: These large-format, gloriously-illustrated paperbacks cover Eastern and Western religion and philosophy, including myth and magic, alchemy and astrology. The distinguished authors bring a wealth of knowledge, visionary thinking and accessible writing to each intriguing subject.
Geometry
"A lucid and masterly survey." -- Mathematics GazetteProfessor Pedoe is widely known as a fine teacher and a fine geometer. His abilities in both areas are clearly evident in this self-contained, well-written, and lucid introduction to the scope and methods of elementary geometry. It covers the geometry usually included in undergraduate courses in mathematics, except for the theory of convex sets. Based on a course given by the author for several years at the University of Minnesota, the main purpose of the book is to increase geometrical, and therefore mathematical, understanding and to help students enjoy geometry.Among the topics discussed: the use of vectors and their products in work on Desargues' and Pappus' theorem and the nine-point circle; circles and coaxal systems; the representation of circles by points in three dimensions; mappings of the Euclidean plane, similitudes, isometries, mappings of the inversive plane, and Moebius transformations; projective geometry of the plane, space, and n dimensions; the projective generation of conics and quadrics; Moebius tetrahedra; the tetrahedral complex; the twisted cubic curve; the cubic surface; oriented circles; and introduction to algebraic geometry.In addition, three appendices deal with Euclidean definitions, postulates, and propositions; the Grassmann-Pluecker coordinates of lines in S3, and the group of circular transformations. Among the outstanding features of this book are its many worked examples and over 500 exercises to test geometrical understanding.
Geometry of Complex Numbers
"This book should be in every library, and every expert in classical function theory should be familiar with this material. The author has performed a distinct service by making this material so conveniently accessible in a single book." -- Mathematical ReviewSince its initial publication in 1962, Professor Schwerdtfeger's illuminating book has been widely praised for generating a deeper understanding of the geometrical theory of analytic functions as well as of the connections between different branches of geometry. Its focus lies in the intersection of geometry, analysis, and algebra, with the exposition generally taking place on a moderately advanced level. Much emphasis, however, has been given to the careful exposition of details and to the development of an adequate algebraic technique.In three broad chapters, the author clearly and elegantly approaches his subject. The first chapter, Analytic Geometry of Circles, treats such topics as representation of circles by Hermitian matrices, inversion, stereographic projection, and the cross ratio. The second chapter considers in depth the Moebius transformation: its elementary properties, real one-dimensional projectivities, similarity and classification of various kinds, anti-homographies, iteration, and geometrical characterization. The final chapter, Two-Dimensional Non-Euclidean Geometries, discusses subgroups of Moebius transformations, the geometry of a transformation group, hyperbolic geometry, and spherical and elliptic geometry. For this Dover edition, Professor Schwerdtfeger has added four new appendices and a supplementary bibliography.Advanced undergraduates who possess a working knowledge of the algebra of complex numbers and of the elements of analytical geometry and linear algebra will greatly profit from reading this book. It will also prove a stimulating and thought-provoking book to mathematics professors and teachers.
Regular Polytopes
Polytopes are geometrical figures bounded by portions of lines, planes, or hyperplanes. In plane (two dimensional) geometry, they are known as polygons and comprise such figures as triangles, squares, pentagons, etc. In solid (three dimensional) geometry they are known as polyhedra and include such figures as tetrahedra (a type of pyramid), cubes, icosahedra, and many more; the possibilities, in fact, are infinite! H. S. M. Coxeter's book is the foremost book available on regular polyhedra, incorporating not only the ancient Greek work on the subject, but also the vast amount of information that has been accumulated on them since, especially in the last hundred years. The author, professor of Mathematics, University of Toronto, has contributed much valuable work himself on polytopes and is a well-known authority on them. Professor Coxeter begins with the fundamental concepts of plane and solid geometry and then moves on to multi-dimensionality. Among the many subjects covered are Euler's formula, rotation groups, star-polyhedra, truncation, forms, vectors, coordinates, kaleidoscopes, Petrie polygons, sections and projections, and star-polytopes. Each chapter ends with a historical summary showing when and how the information contained therein was discovered. Numerous figures and examples and the author's lucid explanations also help to make the text readily comprehensible. Although the study of polytopes does have some practical applications to mineralogy, architecture, linear programming, and other areas, most people enjoy contemplating these figures simply because their symmetrical shapes have an aesthetic appeal. But whatever the reasons, anyone with an elementary knowledge of geometry and trigonometry will find this one of the best source books available on this fascinating study.
Schaum’s Outline of Differential Geometry
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