Summing It Up
The power and properties of numbers, from basic addition and sums of squares to cutting-edge theory We use addition on a daily basis--yet how many of us stop to truly consider the enormous and remarkable ramifications of this mathematical activity? Summing It Up uses addition as a springboard to present a fascinating and accessible look at numbers and number theory, and how we apply beautiful numerical properties to answer math problems. Mathematicians Avner Ash and Robert Gross explore addition's most basic characteristics as well as the addition of squares and other powers before moving onward to infinite series, modular forms, and issues at the forefront of current mathematical research. Ash and Gross tailor their succinct and engaging investigations for math enthusiasts of all backgrounds. Employing college algebra, the first part of the book examines such questions as, can all positive numbers be written as a sum of four perfect squares? The second section of the book incorporates calculus and examines infinite series--long sums that can only be defined by the concept of limit, as in the example of 1+1/2+1/4+. . .=? With the help of some group theory and geometry, the third section ties together the first two parts of the book through a discussion of modular forms--the analytic functions on the upper half-plane of the complex numbers that have growth and transformation properties. Ash and Gross show how modular forms are indispensable in modern number theory, for example in the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Appropriate for numbers novices as well as college math majors, Summing It Up delves into mathematics that will enlighten anyone fascinated by numbers.
Single Digits
The remarkable properties of the numbers one through nine In Single Digits, Marc Chamberland takes readers on a fascinating exploration of small numbers, from one to nine, looking at their history, applications, and connections to various areas of mathematics, including number theory, geometry, chaos theory, numerical analysis, and mathematical physics. For instance, why do eight perfect card shuffles leave a standard deck of cards unchanged? And, are there really "six degrees of separation" between all pairs of people? Chamberland explores these questions and covers vast numerical territory, such as illustrating the ways that the number three connects to chaos theory, the number of guards needed to protect an art gallery, problematic election results and so much more. The book's short sections can be read independently and digested in bite-sized chunks--especially good for learning about the Ham Sandwich Theorem and the Pizza Theorem. Appealing to high school and college students, professional mathematicians, and those mesmerized by patterns, this book shows that single digits offer a plethora of possibilities that readers can count on.
My Search for Ramanujan
Covering the life and enduring impact of the late mathematical prodigy Srinivasa Ramanujan and the influence he had on the life and career of Ken Ono, this book presents a powerful biographical diptych of two great mathematicians.Ono was inspired to become a mathematician from the life and scientific quests of Ramanujan; Ramanujan's story guided Ono throughout his life, giving him hope when he needed it most. Although they never met, Ono believes a letter sent from Ramanujan's widow to his father, then a prominent Japanese mathematician, was a sign. This was the beginning of Ono's mission to carry on Ramanujan's legacy, and to develop Ramanujan's ideas within the context of modern mathematics.Since then, Ono has spent his academic life trying to solve the mysteries that G.H. Hardy, one of the greatest English mathematicians of the 20th century, and others could not unravel: to find how Ramanujan came to his mathematical truths (which he claimed the Indian goddess Namagiri would tell him in dreams). In this way, Ono retraces the steps of Ramanujan's life throughout his career, drawing inspiration and strength for his own life from the travails and ultimate triumphs of his predecessor's brilliant, but tragically short, career.
Basic Mathematics Literacy Book And Study Companion
Do you find basic math daunting? The Basic Mathematics Literacy Book may be the solution for you. The author's detailed and simplified explanations of math concepts and generous use of graphics take the mystery out of basic math. In addition to math concepts, the author discusses English words and phrases used in basic math that can be befuddling to beginners. The book helps students who were previously unsuccessful with math to see math in a new, clearer light. For people who have had no previous education in math and want to gain a level of literacy in math, this is a great source book. The Basic Mathematics Literacy book covers a range of topics, including arithmetic, algebra, basic geometry, coordinate geometry, percentages, graphs, basic statistics, etc. It can be a self-study tool or can supplement another mathematics text or workbook. It is a particularly appropriate supplement for a GED study book.
The Fibonacci Resonance and other new Golden Ratio discoveries
A new and definitive reference for the Fibonacci numbers and the Golden Ratio. With Mondrian, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec, Tiwanaku, The Great Pyramid, Le Corbusier, Kepler, Penrose, quasicrystals, Pendry, green energy, and the latest light-based technologies, this maths and science book is written to be enjoyed. Explore Bohemian Paris - the capital of phi - in fresh analyses of art, architecture, and music. Lavishly illustrated, this book includes: the history of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, spirals, sunflowers, pine cones, megaliths, and ornamental tilings. The Fibonacci Resonance discovery is revealed step by step from unique beginnings to abacus-bead visualizations. Comparisons are made with Silver Ratio Pell numbers, and a link is shown to perfect numbers and record-breaking Mersenne primes.
Lectures on N_X(P)
Lectures on NX(p) deals with the question on how NX(p), the number of solutions of mod p congruences, varies with p when the family (X) of polynomial equations is fixed. While such a general question cannot have a complete answer, it offers a good occasion for reviewing various techniques in l-adic cohomology and group representations, presented in a context that is appealing to specialists in number theory and algebraic geometry. Along with covering open problems, the text examines the size and congruence properties of NX(p) and describes the ways in which it is computed, by closed formulae and/or using efficient computers. The first four chapters cover the preliminaries and contain almost no proofs. After an overview of the main theorems on NX(p), the book offers simple, illustrative examples and discusses the Chebotarev density theorem, which is essential in studying frobenian functions and frobenian sets. It also reviews ℓ-adic cohomology. The author goes on to present results on group representations that are often difficult to find in the literature, such as the technique of computing Haar measures in a compact ℓ-adic group by performing a similar computation in a real compact Lie group. These results are then used to discuss the possible relations between two different families of equations X and Y. The author also describes the Archimedean properties of NX(p), a topic on which much less is known than in the ℓ-adic case. Following a chapter on the Sato-Tate conjecture and its concrete aspects, the book concludes with an account of the prime number theorem and the Chebotarev density theorem in higher dimensions.
One to Nine
What Lynn Truss did for grammar in Eats, Shoots & Leaves, Andrew Hodges has done for mathematics. In One to Nine, Hodges, one of Britain's leading biographers and mathematical writers, brings numbers to three-dimensional life in this delightful and illuminating volume, filled with illustrations, which makes even the most challenging math problems accessible to the layman. Starting with the puzzle of defining unity, and ending with the recurring nines of infinite decimals, Hodges tells a story that takes in quantum physics, cosmology, climate change, and the origin of the computer. Hodges has written a classic work, at once playful but also satisfyingly instructional, which will be ideal for the math aficionado and the Sudoku addict, as well as the life of the party."
Introduction to Real Analysis
This text forms a bridge between courses in calculus and real analysis. It focuses on the construction of mathematical proofs as well as their final content. Suitable for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students of real analysis, it also provides a vital reference book for advanced courses in mathematics.The four-part treatment begins with an introduction to basic logical structures and techniques of proof, including discussions of the cardinality concept and the algebraic and order structures of the real and rational number systems. Part Two presents in-depth examinations of the completeness of the real number system and its topological structure. Part Three reviews and extends the previous explorations of the real number system, and the final part features a selection of topics in real function theory. Numerous and varied exercises range from articulating the steps omitted from examples and observing mechanical results at work to the completion of partial proofs within the text.
Special Matrices And Their Applications In Numerical Mathematics
This revised and corrected second edition of a classic on special matrices provides researchers in numerical linear algebra and students of general computational mathematics with an essential reference. 1986 edition.
Fearless Symmetry
Mathematicians solve equations, or try to. But sometimes the solutions are not as interesting as the beautiful symmetric patterns that lead to them. Written in a friendly style for a general audience, Fearless Symmetry is the first popular math book to discuss these elegant and mysterious patterns and the ingenious techniques mathematicians use to uncover them. Hidden symmetries were first discovered nearly two hundred years ago by French mathematician 矇variste Galois. They have been used extensively in the oldest and largest branch of mathematics--number theory--for such diverse applications as acoustics, radar, and codes and ciphers. They have also been employed in the study of Fibonacci numbers and to attack well-known problems such as Fermat's Last Theorem, Pythagorean Triples, and the ever-elusive Riemann Hypothesis. Mathematicians are still devising techniques for teasing out these mysterious patterns, and their uses are limited only by the imagination. The first popular book to address representation theory and reciprocity laws, Fearless Symmetry focuses on how mathematicians solve equations and prove theorems. It discusses rules of math and why they are just as important as those in any games one might play. The book starts with basic properties of integers and permutations and reaches current research in number theory. Along the way, it takes delightful historical and philosophical digressions. Required reading for all math buffs, the book will appeal to anyone curious about popular mathematics and its myriad contributions to everyday life.
Algebraic Theory Of Numbers
Algebraic number theory introduces students not only to new algebraic notions but also to related concepts: groups, rings, fields, ideals, quotient rings and quotient fields, homomorphisms and isomorphisms, modules, and vector spaces. Author Pierre Samuel notes that students benefit from their studies of algebraic number theory by encountering many concepts fundamental to other branches of mathematics -- algebraic geometry, in particular.This book assumes a knowledge of basic algebra but supplements its teachings with brief, clear explanations of integrality, algebraic extensions of fields, Galois theory, Noetherian rings and modules, and rings of fractions. It covers the basics, starting with the divisibility theory in principal ideal domains and ending with the unit theorem, finiteness of the class number, and the more elementary theorems of Hilbert ramification theory. Numerous examples, applications, and exercises appear throughout the text.
Diophantine Approximations
This self-contained treatment originated as a series of lectures delivered to the Mathematical Association of America. It covers basic results on homogeneous approximation of real numbers; the analogue for complex numbers; basic results for nonhomogeneous approximation in the real case; the analogue for complex numbers; and fundamental properties of the multiples of an irrational number, for both the fractional and integral parts.The author refrains from the use of continuous fractions and includes basic results in the complex case, a feature often neglected in favor of the real number discussion. Each chapter concludes with a bibliographic account of closely related work; these sections also contain the sources from which the proofs are drawn.
Introduction To The Geometry Of Complex Numbers
Geared toward readers unfamiliar with complex numbers, this text explains how to solve the kinds of problems that frequently arise in the applied sciences, especially electrical studies. To assure an easy and complete understanding, it develops topics from the beginning, with emphasis on constructions related to algebraic operations.The three-part treatment begins with geometric representations of complex numbers and proceeds to an in-depth survey of elements of analytic geometry. Readers are assured of a variety of perspectives, which include references to algebra, to the classical notions of analytic geometry, to modern plane geometry, and to results furnished by kinematics. The third chapter, on circular transformations, revives in a slightly modified form the essentials of the projective geometry of real binary forms. Numerous exercises appear throughout the text.
Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers, and the Golden Section
This text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students surveys the use of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers in areas relevant to operational research, statistics, and computational mathematics. It also covers geometric topics related to the ancient principle known as the Golden Section--a mystical expression of aesthetic harmony that bears a close connection with the Fibonacci mechanism.The Fibonacci principle of forming a new number by an appropriate combination of previous numbers has been extended to yield sequences with surprising and sometimes mystifying properties: the Meta-Fibonacci sequences. This text examines Meta-Fibonacci numbers, proceeding to a survey of the Golden Section in the plane and space. It also describes Platonic solids and some of their less familiar features, and an appendix and other supplements offer helpful background information. Students and teachers will find this book relevant to studies of algebra, geometry, probability theory, computational aspects, and combinatorial aspects of number theory. Steven Vajda was born in Budapest in 1901 and died in England in 1995. For the last twenty-two years of his life, he was Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Sussex University. As a prominent teacher, lecturer, and author he played a vital role in the development of mathematical programming and operations research and wrote more than a dozen books and many research papers on these and other topics including game theory.
Number
"Beyond doubt the most interesting book on the evolution of mathematics which has ever fallen into my hands."--Albert Einstein Number is an eloquent, accessible tour de force that reveals how the concept of number evolved from prehistoric times through the twentieth century. Renowned professor of mathematics Tobias Dantzig shows that the development of math--from the invention of counting to the discovery of infinity--is a profoundly human story that progressed by "trying and erring, by groping and stumbling." He shows how commerce, war, and religion led to advances in math, and he recounts the stories of individuals whose breakthroughs expanded the concept of number and created the mathematics that we know today.
History Of The Theory Of Numbers
The three-volume series History of the Theory of Numbers is the work of the distinguished mathematician Leonard Eugene Dickson, who taught at the University of Chicago for four decades and is celebrated for his many contributions to number theory and group theory. This first volume in the series, which is suitable for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, is devoted to the subjects of divisibility and primality. It can be read independently of the succeeding volumes, which explore diophantine analysis and quadratic and higher forms.Within the twenty-chapter treatment are considerations of perfect, multiply perfect, and amicable numbers; formulas for the number and sum of divisors and problems of Fermat and Wallis; Farey series; periodic decimal fractions; primitive roots, exponents, indices, and binomial congruences; higher congruences; divisibility of factorials and multinomial coefficients; sum and number of divisors; theorems on divisibility, greatest common divisor, and least common multiple; criteria for divisibility by a given number; factor tables and lists of primes; methods of factoring; Fermat numbers; recurring series; the theory of prime numbers; inversion of functions; properties of the digits of numbers; and many other related topics. Indexes of authors cited and subjects appear at the end of the book.
Prime Numbers
A fascinating journey into the mind-bending world of prime numbersCicadas of the genus Magicicada appear once every 7, 13, or 17 years. Is it just a coincidence that these are all prime numbers? How do twin primes differ from cousin primes, and what on earth (or in the mind of a mathematician) could be sexy about prime numbers? What did Albert Wilansky find so fascinating about his brother-in-law's phone number?Mathematicians have been asking questions about prime numbers for more than twenty-five centuries, and every answer seems to generate a new rash of questions. In Prime Numbers: The Most Mysterious Figures in Math, you'll meet the world's most gifted mathematicians, from Pythagoras and Euclid to Fermat, Gauss, and Erd?o?s, and you'll discover a host of unique insights and inventive conjectures that have both enlarged our understanding and deepened the mystique of prime numbers. This comprehensive, A-to-Z guide covers everything you ever wanted to know--and much more that you never suspected--about prime numbers, including: * The unproven Riemann hypothesis and the power of the zeta function* The "Primes is in P" algorithm* The sieve of Eratosthenes of Cyrene* Fermat and Fibonacci numbers* The Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search* And much, much more
Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint
"Makes the reader feel the inspiration that comes from listening to a great mathematician." -- Bulletin, American Mathematical SocietyA distinguished mathematician and educator enlivens abstract discussions of arithmetic, algebra, and analysis by means of graphical and geometrically perceptive methods. His three-part treatment begins with topics associated with arithmetic, including calculating with natural numbers, the first extension of the notion of number, special properties of integers, and complex numbers. Algebra-related subjects constitute the second part, which examines real equations with real unknowns and equations in the field of complex quantities. The final part explores elements of analysis, with discussions of logarithmic and exponential functions, the goniometric functions, and infinitesimal calculus. 1932 edition. 125 figures.
The World’s Most Famous Math Problem
June 23, 1993. A Princeton mathematician announces that he has unlocked, after thousands of unsuccessful attempts by others, the greatest mathematical riddle in the world. Dr. Wiles demonstrates to a group of stunned mathematicians that he has provided the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem (the equation x" + y" = z", where n is an integer greater than 2, has no solution in positive numbers), a problem that has confounded scholars for over 350 years. Here in this brilliant new book, Marilyn vos Savant, the person with the highest recorded IQ in the world explains the mathematical underpinnings of Wiles's solution, discusses the history of Fermat's Last Theorem and other great math problems, and provides colorful stories of the great thinkers and amateurs who attempted to solve Fermat's puzzle.
Topics in Number Theory
Classic 2-part work now available in a single volume. Volume I is a suitable text for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Volume II requires a much higher level of mathematical maturity, with contents ranging from binary quadratic forms to rational number theory. Problems and hints for solutions. 1956 edition. Supplementary Reading. List of Symbols. Index.
Quick Arithmetic
Master math at your own pace!Does working with numbers often frustrate you? Do you need to brush up on your basic math skills? Do you feel math stands between you and your career goals, or a better grade at school?Quick Arithmetic, Third Edition is the quickest and easiest way to teach yourself the basic math skills you need to advance on the job or in school. Using cartoons and a clear writing style, this practical guide provides a fresh start for learning or reviewing how to work with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages. The book's proven self-teaching approach allows you to work at your own pace and learn only the material you need. Previews and objectives at the beginning of each section help you determine your particular needs, while self-tests, practice problems, and a final exam let you measure your progress and reinforce what you've learned.For anyone who has ever felt intimidated by a page of numbers, Quick Arithmetic, Third Edition has the answers!
The Book of Numbers
John Horton Conway is a world famous professor of mathematics at Princeton University, and inventor of The Game of Life. Previous books include On Numbers and Games, and Sphere Packing, Lattices and Groups. Richard K. Guy is professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Calgary, with more than 200 publications and 10 books to his credit. Potential readers include the audience for The Mathematical Tourist (Ivars Petersen, Freeman); A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper (Paulos); A Tour of Calculus (Berlinsky); and Longitude (Sobel).
