Multivariate Data Analysis on Matrix Manifolds
This graduate-level textbook aims to give a unified presentation and solution of several commonly used techniques for multivariate data analysis (MDA). Unlike similar texts, it treats the MDA problems as optimization problems on matrix manifolds defined by the MDA model parameters, allowing them to be solved using (free) optimization software Manopt. The book includes numerous in-text examples as well as Manopt codes and software guides, which can be applied directly or used as templates for solving similar and new problems. The first two chapters provide an overview and essential background for studying MDA, giving basic information and notations. Next, it considers several sets of matrices routinely used in MDA as parameter spaces, along with their basic topological properties. A brief introduction to matrix (Riemannian) manifolds and optimization methods on them with Manopt complete the MDA prerequisite. The remaining chapters study individual MDA techniques in depth. The number of exercises complement the main text with additional information and occasionally involve open and/or challenging research questions. Suitable fields include computational statistics, data analysis, data mining and data science, as well as theoretical computer science, machine learning and optimization. It is assumed that the readers have some familiarity with MDA and some experience with matrix analysis, computing, and optimization.
Cryptography for Secure Encryption
This text is intended for a one-semester course in cryptography at the advanced undergraduate/Master's degree level. It is suitable for students from various STEM backgrounds, including engineering, mathematics, and computer science, and may also be attractive for researchers and professionals who want to learn the basics of cryptography. Advanced knowledge of computer science or mathematics (other than elementary programming skills) is not assumed. The book includes more material than can be covered in a single semester. The Preface provides a suggested outline for a single semester course, though instructors are encouraged to select their own topics to reflect their specific requirements and interests. Each chapter contains a set of carefully written exercises which prompts review of the material in the chapter and expands on the concepts. Throughout the book, problems are stated mathematically, then algorithms are devised to solve the problems. Students are tasked to write computer programs (in C++ or GAP) to implement the algorithms. The use of programming skills to solve practical problems adds extra value to the use of this text. This book combines mathematical theory with practical applications to computer information systems. The fundamental concepts of classical and modern cryptography are discussed in relation to probability theory, complexity theory, modern algebra, and number theory. An overarching theme is cyber security: security of the cryptosystems and the key generation and distribution protocols, and methods of cryptanalysis (i.e., code breaking). It contains chapters on probability theory, information theory and entropy, complexity theory, and the algebraic and number theoretic foundations of cryptography. The book then reviews symmetric key cryptosystems, and discusses one-way trap door functions and public key cryptosystems including RSA and ElGamal. It contains a chapter on digital signature schemes, including material on message authentication and forgeries, and chapters on key generation and distribution. It contains a chapter on elliptic curve cryptography, including new material on the relationship between singular curves, algebraic groups and Hopf algebras.
Anisotropic Hp-Mesh Adaptation Methods
Introduction.- Metric Based Mesh Representation.- Interpolation Error Estimates for Two Dimensions.- Interpolation Error Estimates for Three Dimensions.- Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation, h-Variant.- Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation Method, hp-Variant.- Framework of the Goal-Oriented Error Estimates.- Goal-Oriented Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation.- Implementation Aspects.- Applications.
Introduction to the Tools of Scientific Computing
The book provides an introduction to common programming tools and methods in numerical mathematics and scientific computing. Unlike standard approaches, it does not focus on any specific language, but aims to explain the underlying ideas.Typically, new concepts are first introduced in the particularly user-friendly Python language and then transferred and extended in various programming environments from C/C++, Julia and MATLAB to Maple and Mathematica. This includes various approaches to distributed computing. By examining and comparing different languages, the book is also helpful for mathematicians and practitioners in deciding which programming language to use for which purposes.At a more advanced level, special tools for the automated solution of partial differential equations using the finite element method are discussed. On a more experimental level, the basic methods of scientific machine learning in artificial neural networks are explained and illustrated.
Approximation and Online Algorithms
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the thoroughly refereed workshop proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms, WAOA 2022, which was colocated with ALGO 2022 and took place in Potsdam, Germany, in September 2022.The 12 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from21 submissions. They focus on topics such as graph algorithms, network design, algorithmic game theory, approximation and online algorithms, etc.
Continued Fractions and Signal Processing
Besides their well-known value in number theory, continued fractions are also a useful tool in modern numerical applications and computer science. The goal of the book is to revisit the almost forgotten classical theory and to contextualize it for contemporary numerical applications and signal processing, thus enabling students and scientist to apply classical mathematics on recent problems. The books tries to be mostly self-contained and to make the material accessible for all interested readers. This provides a new view from an applied perspective, combining the classical recursive techniques of continued fractions with orthogonal problems, moment problems, Prony's problem of sparse recovery and the design of stable rational filters, which are all connected by continued fractions.
Data Science for Public Policy
This textbook presents the essential tools and core concepts of data science to public officials, policy analysts, and economists among others in order to further their application in the public sector. An expansion of the quantitative economics frameworks presented in policy and business schools, this book emphasizes the process of asking relevant questions to inform public policy. Its techniques and approaches emphasize data-driven practices, beginning with the basic programming paradigms that occupy the majority of an analyst's time and advancing to the practical applications of statistical learning and machine learning. The text considers two divergent, competing perspectives to support its applications, incorporating techniques from both causal inference and prediction. Additionally, the book includes open-sourced data as well as live code, written in R and presented in notebook form, which readers can use and modify to practice working with data.
Mathematical and Computational Models of Flows and Waves in Geophysics
- Geostrophic Turbulence and the Formation of Large Scale Structure. - Ocean Surface Waves and Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions. - A 3D Two-Phase Conservative Level-Set Method Using an Unstructured Finite-Volume Formulation. - The Physics of Granular Natural Flows in Volcanic Environments. - Cooperative Gravity and Full Wave form Inversion: Elastic Case. - Modelling the 3D Electromagnetic Wave Equation: Negative Apparent Conductivities and Phase Changes.
Synergies in Analysis, Discrete Mathematics, Soft Computing and Modelling
Weighted Automata, Formal Power Series and Weighted Logic
The main objective of this work is to represent the behaviors of weighted automata by expressively equivalent formalisms: rational operations on formal power series, linear representations by means of matrices, and weighted monadic second-order logic. First, we exhibit the classical results of Kleene, B羹chi, Elgot and Trakhtenbrot, which concentrate on the expressive power of finite automata. We further derive a generalization of the B羹chi-Elgot-Trakhtenbrot Theorem addressing formulas, whereas the original statement concerns only sentences. Then we use the language-theoretic methods as starting point for our investigations regarding power series. We establish Sch羹tzenberger's extension of Kleene's Theorem, referred to as Kleene-Sch羹tzenberger Theorem. Moreover, we introduce a weighted version of monadic second-order logic, which is due to Droste and Gastin. By means of this weighted logic, we derive an extension of the B羹chi-Elgot-Trakhtenbrot Theorem. Thus, we point out relations among the different specification approaches for formal power series. Further, we relate the notions and results concerning power series to their counterparts in Language Theory. Overall, our investigations shed light on the interplay between languages, formal power series, automata and monadic second-order logic.
The Characterization of Finite Elasticities
This book develops a new theory in convex geometry, generalizing positive bases and related to Carath矇ordory's Theorem by combining convex geometry, the combinatorics of infinite subsets of lattice points, and the arithmetic of transfer Krull monoids (the latter broadly generalizing the ubiquitous class of Krull domains in commutative algebra)This new theory is developed in a self-contained way with the main motivation of its later applications regarding factorization. While factorization into irreducibles, called atoms, generally fails to be unique, there are various measures of how badly this can fail. Among the most important is the elasticity, which measures the ratio between the maximum and minimum number of atoms in any factorization. Having finite elasticity is a key indicator that factorization, while not unique, is not completely wild. Via the developed material in convex geometry, we characterize when finite elasticity holds for any Krull domain with finitely generated class group $G$, with the results extending more generally to transfer Krull monoids. This book is aimed at researchers in the field but is written to also be accessible for graduate students and general mathematicians.
Numerical Methods for Mixed Finite Element Problems
This book focuses on iterative solvers and preconditioners for mixed finite element methods. It provides an overview of some of the state-of-the-art solvers for discrete systems with constraints such as those which arise from mixed formulations. Starting by recalling the basic theory of mixed finite element methods, the book goes on to discuss the augmented Lagrangian method and gives a summary of the standard iterative methods, describing their usage for mixed methods. Here, preconditioners are built from an approximate factorisation of the mixed system. A first set of applications is considered for incompressible elasticity problems and flow problems, including non-linear models. An account of the mixed formulation for Dirichlet's boundary conditions is then given before turning to contact problems, where contact between incompressible bodies leads to problems with two constraints. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in the field of numerical methods and scientific computing.
The Eigenbook
​This book discusses the p-adic modular forms, the eigencurve that parameterize them, and the p-adic L-functions one can associate to them. These theories and their generalizations to automorphic forms for group of higher ranks are of fundamental importance in number theory.For graduate students and newcomers to this field, the book provides a solid introduction to this highly active area of research. For experts, it will offer the convenience of collecting into one place foundational definitions and theorems with complete and self-contained proofs.Written in an engaging and educational style, the book also includes exercises and provides their solution.
Introduction to Number Theory
Introduction to Number Theory covers the essential content of an introductory number theory course including divisibility and prime factorization, congruences, and quadratic reciprocity. The instructor may also choose from a collection of additional topics. Aligning with the trend toward smaller, essential texts in mathematics, the author strives for clarity of exposition. Proof techniques and proofs are presented slowly and clearly. The book employs a versatile approach to the use of algebraic ideas. Instructors who wish to put this material into a broader context may do so, though the author introduces these concepts in a non-essential way. A final chapter discusses algebraic systems (like the Gaussian integers) presuming no previous exposure to abstract algebra. Studying general systems helps students to realize unique factorization into primes is a more subtle idea than may at first appear; students will find this chapter interesting, fun and quite accessible. Applications of number theory include several sections on cryptography and other applications to further interest instructors and students alike.
Introduction to Number Theory
Introduction to Number Theory covers the essential content of an introductory number theory course including divisibility and prime factorization, congruences, and quadratic reciprocity. The instructor may also choose from a collection of additional topics. Aligning with the trend toward smaller, essential texts in mathematics, the author strives for clarity of exposition. Proof techniques and proofs are presented slowly and clearly. The book employs a versatile approach to the use of algebraic ideas. Instructors who wish to put this material into a broader context may do so, though the author introduces these concepts in a non-essential way. A final chapter discusses algebraic systems (like the Gaussian integers) presuming no previous exposure to abstract algebra. Studying general systems helps students to realize unique factorization into primes is a more subtle idea than may at first appear; students will find this chapter interesting, fun and quite accessible. Applications of number theory include several sections on cryptography and other applications to further interest instructors and students alike.
Mind Math
Math class can be a frustrating place for many children, but it doesn't have to be that way. When a student understands the fundamentals of math, the classroom transforms from a place of stress and anger into a place full of exciting adventures. The confidence students earn from this book can be used each year as they conquer new math topics.Thank you so much for taking the time to check out my book. I know you're going to absolutely love it, and i can't wait to share my knowledge and experience with you on the inside! Here is a small sample methods you will learn: Add/multiply /subtract/divide numbers at a faster paceCalculate the square root of a number like 1496 in less than 5 secondsSolve algebraic equations at a lighting speedFind the cube root of a number like 46,656 in less than 5 secondsFind the percentage of a number at a rapid paceAnd much, much moreCan advanced mathematics demonstrate the mind's inner workings? Yes, according to mathematician and author robert paster. The mit and harvard graduate has studied theories of quantum physics related to cognition for more than twenty years, and now he has applied that knowledge to digital mind math, the innovative framework that mathematically models the way we think.
Perfect Numbers and Fibonacci Sequences
In this book, we first review the history and current situation of the perfect number problem, including the origin story of the Mersenne primes, and then consider the history and current situation of the Fibonacci sequence. Both topics include results from our own research. In the later sections, we define the square sum perfect numbers, and describe for the first time the secret relationships connecting the square sum perfect numbers, the Fibonacci sequence, the Lucas sequence, the twin prime conjecture, and the Fermat primes. Throughout, we raise various interesting questions and conjectures.
Math Mammoth Grade 6-A Worktext
Math Mammoth Grade 6-A Worktext is the student book for the first half of grade 6 mathematics. This student worktext contains both the necessary instruction and the problems & exercises (the 'text' & and the 'work'; thus a "worktext"), and is fairly self-teaching. This is the 2022 edition.The main areas of study in Math Mammoth Grade 6-A are: review of the basic operations with whole numbersbeginning algebra topics: expressions, equations, and inequalitiesreview of all decimal arithmeticintroduction to ratios and percentprime factorization, GCF, and LCMa review of fraction arithmetic from 5th grade, plus a focus on division of fractionsthe concept of integers, coordinate grid, addition & subtraction of integersgeometry: review of quadrilaterals & drawing problems; area of triangles & polygons; volume of rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths; surface areastatistics: concept of distribution, measures of center, measures of variation, boxplots, stem-and-leaf plots, histogramsThis book starts out with a review of the four operations with whole numbers (including long division), place value, and rounding. Students are also introduced to exponents and do some problem solving.Chapter 2 starts the study of algebra topics, delving first into expressions and equations. Students practice writing expressions in many different ways, and use properties of operations and the idea of maintaining the equality of both sides of an equation to solve simple one-step equations. We also study briefly inequalities and using two variables.In chapter 3 we review all of decimal arithmetic, just using more decimal digits than in 5th grade. Students also practice conversions of measurement units.Ratios (chapter 4) is a new topic for sixth grade. Students are already familiar with finding fractional parts of quantities from earlier grades, and now it is time to advance that knowledge into the study of ratios, which arise naturally from dividing a quantity into many equal parts. We study such topics as rates, unit rates, equivalent ratios, and problem solving using bar models.In chapter 5, the goal is to develop a basic understanding of percent, to see percentages as decimals, and to learn to calculate discounts.FeaturesMath Mammoth focuses on conceptual understanding. It explains the "WHY", so your children can understand the math, not just learn "HOW" to do it.The curriculum is mastery-oriented. This means it concentrates fairly long on a topic, delving into its various aspects. This promotes conceptual understanding, as opposed to spiral curricula that often tend to jump from topic to topic too much.Very little teacher preparation is required.The curriculum has no separate teacher's manual nor is it scripted. The introduction to each chapter has some notes for the teacher concerning the material in the chapter. All the instruction is written directly to the student in the worktext, and there also exist accompanying videos where you can see Maria herself teach the material.After each chapter introduction, you will find a list of Internet links and resources (games, quizzes, animations, etc.) that can be used for fun, illustrations, and further practice.The curriculum meets and exceeds the Common Core standards. This is the full-color version; in other words, the inside pages are in full color. Please note this is a student worktext and does not contain answers.
Math Mammoth Grade 6 Tests and Cumulative Reviews
Math Mammoth Grade 6 Tests and Cumulative Reviews includes consumable student copies of end-of-chapter tests, the end-of-year test, and additional cumulative review lessons that match the Math Mammoth Grade 6 curriculum.
Human-Like Decision Making and Control for Autonomous Driving
This book details cutting-edge research into human-like driving technology, utilising game theory to better suit a human and machine hybrid driving environment. Covering feature identification and modelling of human driving behaviours, the book explains how to design an algorithm for decision making and control of autonomous vehicles in complex scenarios. Beginning with a review of current research in the field, the book uses this as a springboard from which to present a new theory of human-like driving framework for autonomous vehicles. Chapters cover system models of decision making and control, driving safety, riding comfort and travel efficiency. Throughout the book, game theory is applied to human-like decision making, enabling the autonomous vehicle and the human driver interaction to be modelled using noncooperative game theory approach. It also uses game theory to model collaborative decision making between connected autonomous vehicles. This framework enables human-like decision making and control of autonomous vehicles, which leads to safer and more efficient driving in complicated traffic scenarios. The book will be of interest to students and professionals alike, in the field of automotive engineering, computer engineering and control engineering.
Math Mammoth Grade 6-B Worktext
Math Mammoth Grade 6-B Worktext is the second student book in Math Mammoth grade 6 curriculum, meant for the latter half of 6th grade. This is the 2022 edition.The main areas of study in Math Mammoth Grade 6-B worktext are: prime factorization, GCF, and LCMfraction arithmetic with a focus on division of fractionsthe concept of integers, coordinate grid, addition & subtraction of integersgeometry: review of quadrilaterals & drawing problems; area of triangles & polygons; volume of rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths; surface areastatistics: concept of distribution, measures of center, measures of variation, boxplots, stem-and-leaf plots, histogramsChapter 6 first reviews prime factorization and then teaches students two new concepts: the greatest common factor and the least common multiple. We also apply those concepts factor to simplify fractions and to find common denominators for adding fractions.In Chapter 7, students first review addition, subtraction, and multiplication of fractions from fifth grade. Then we focus on a new topic: the division of fractions. The chapter also includes ample practice in solving problems with fractions.Chapter 8 introduces students to integers (signed numbers). They plot points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane, reflect and translate simple figures, and learn to add and subtract with negative numbers. (Multiplication and division of integers will be studied in 7th grade.)The next chapter, Geometry, focuses on calculating the area of polygons. After a brief review of terminology for triangles and quadrilaterals and drawing fundamentals, this new topic is presented simply in a logical progression: first, the area of a right triangle; next, the area of a parallelogram; then, the area of any triangle; and finally, the area of a polygon. After that, students learn how to use nets of simple solids to calculate their surface area. Lastly, we turn to the concept of volume. Students have already learned to find the volumes of rectangular prisms in 5th grade. Now they calculate the volumes of rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths.The final chapter is about statistics. Beginning with the concept of a statistical distribution, students learn about measures of center and measures of variability. They also learn how to make dot plots, histograms, boxplots, and stem-and-leaf plots as ways to summarize and analyze distributions.FeaturesMath Mammoth focuses on conceptual understanding. It explains the "WHY", so your children can understand the math, not just learn "HOW" to do it.The curriculum is mastery-oriented. This means it concentrates fairly long on a topic, delving into its various aspects. This promotes conceptual understanding, as opposed to spiral curricula that often tend to jump from topic to topic too much.Very little teacher preparation is required.The curriculum has no separate teacher's manual nor is it scripted. The introduction to each chapter has some notes for the teacher concerning the material in the chapter. All the instruction is written directly to the student in the worktext, and there also exist accompanying videos where you can see Maria herself teach the material.This is the full-color version of the worktext. Please note that it does not include the answers; they are sold as a separate book.
Smittestopp - A Case Study on Digital Contact Tracing
This open access book describes Smittestopp, the first Norwegian system for digital contact tracing of Covid-19 infections, which was developed in March and early April 2020. The system was deployed after five weeks of development and was active for a little more than two months, when a drop in infection levels in Norway and privacy concerns led to shutting it down. The intention of this book is twofold. First, it reports on the design choices made in the development phase. Second, as one of the only systems in the world that collected population data into a central database and which was used for an entire population, we can share experience on how the design choices impacted the system's operation. By sharing lessons learned and the challenges faced during the development and deployment of the technology, we hope that this book can be a valuable guide for experts from different domains, such as big data collection and analysis, application development, and deployment in a national population, as well as digital tracing.
Integer Sequences
This book discusses special properties of integer sequences from a unique point of view. It generalizes common, well-known properties and connects them with sequences such as divisible sequences, Lucas sequences, Lehmer sequences, periods of sequences, lifting properties, and so on. The book presents theories derived by using elementary means and includes results not usually found in common number theory books. Considering the impact and usefulness of these theorems, the book also aims at being valuable for Olympiad level problem solving as well as regular research. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and faculty members alike.
Waves in Flows
This volume offers an overview of the area of waves in fluids and the role they play in the mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of fluid flows. Based on lectures given at the summer school "Waves in Flows", held in Prague from August 27-31, 2018, chapters are written by renowned experts in their respective fields. Featuring an accessible and flexible presentation, readers will be motivated to broaden their perspectives on the interconnectedness of mathematics and physics. A wide range of topics are presented, working from mathematical modelling to environmental, biomedical, and industrial applications. Specific topics covered include: Equatorial wave-current interactionsWater-wave problemsGravity wave propagationFlow-acoustic interactions Waves in Flows will appeal to graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and physics. Because of the applications presented, it will also be of interest to engineers working on environmental and industrial issues.
The Secret Lives of Numbers
We see numbers on automobile license plates, addresses, weather reports, and, of course, on our smartphones. Yet we look at these numbers for their role as descriptors, not as an entity in and unto themselves. Each number has its own history of meaning, usage, and connotation in the larger world. The Secret Lives of Numbers takes readers on a journey through integers, considering their numerological assignments as well as their significance beyond mathematics and in the realm of popular culture. Of course we all know that the number 13 carries a certain value of unluckiness with it. The phobia of the number is called Triskaidekaphobia; Franklin Delano Roosevelt was known to invite and disinvite guests to parties to avoid having 13 people in attendance; high-rise buildings often skip the 13th floor out of superstition. There are many explanations as to how the number 13 received this negative honor, but from a mathematical point of view, the number 13 is also the smallest prime number that when its digits are reversed is also a prime number. It is honored with a place among the Fibonacci numbers and integral Pythagorean triples, as well as many other interesting and lesser-known occurrences. In The Secret Lives of Numbers, popular mathematician Alfred S. Posamentier provides short and engaging mini-biographies of more than 100 numbers, starting with 1 and featuring some especially interesting numbers -like 6,174, a number with most unusual properties -to provide readers with a more comprehensive picture of the lives of numbers both mathematically and socially. ,
Topics Surrounding the Combinatorial Anabelian Geometry of Hyperbolic Curves II
The present monograph further develops the study, via the techniques of combinatorial anabelian geometry, of the profinite fundamental groups of configuration spaces associated to hyperbolic curves over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero.The starting point of the theory of the present monograph is a combinatorial anabelian result which allows one to reduce issues concerning the anabelian geometry of configuration spaces to issues concerning the anabelian geometry of hyperbolic curves, as well as to give purely group-theoretic characterizations of the cuspidal inertia subgroups of one-dimensional subquotients of the profinite fundamental group of a configuration space.We then turn to the study of tripod synchronization, i.e., of the phenomenon that an outer automorphism of the profinite fundamental group of a log configuration space associated to a stable log curve inducesthe same outer automorphism on certain subquotients of such a fundamental group determined by tripods [i.e., copies of the projective line minus three points]. The theory of tripod synchronization shows that such outer automorphisms exhibit somewhat different behavior from the behavior that occurs in the case of discrete fundamental groups and, moreover, may be applied to obtain various strong results concerning profinite Dehn multi-twists.In the final portion of the monograph, we develop a theory of localizability, on the dual graph of a stable log curve, for the condition that an outer automorphism of the profinite fundamental group of the stable log curve lift to an outer automorphism of the profinite fundamental group of a corresponding log configuration space. This localizability is combined with the theory of tripod synchronization to construct a purely combinatorial analogue of the natural outer surjection from the 矇tale fundamental group of the moduli stack of hyperbolic curves over the field of rational numbers to the absolute Galois group of the field of rational numbers.
Transcendental Number Theory
First published in 1975, this classic book gives a systematic account of transcendental number theory, that is, the theory of those numbers that cannot be expressed as the roots of algebraic equations having rational coefficients. Their study has developed into a fertile and extensive theory, which continues to see rapid progress today. Expositions are presented of theories relating to linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers, of Schmidt's generalization of the Thue-Siegel-Roth theorem, of Shidlovsky's work on Siegel's E-functions and of Sprindzuk's solution to the Mahler conjecture. This edition includes an introduction written by David Masser describing Baker's achievement, surveying the content of each chapter and explaining the main argument of Baker's method in broad strokes. A new afterword lists recent developments related to Baker's work.
Graded Finite Element Methods for Elliptic Problems in Nonsmooth Domains
The Finite Element Method.- The Function Space.- Singularities and Graded Mesh Algorithms.- Error Estimates in Polygonal Domains.- Regularity Estimates and Graded Meshes in Polyhedral Domains.- Anisotropic Error Estimates in Polyhedral Domains.
Point-Counting and the Zilber-Pink Conjecture
Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the Andr矇-Oort and Zilber-Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research in this area.
Srinivasa Ramanujan
This book offers a unique account on the life and works of Srinivasa Ramanujan-often hailed as the greatest "natural" mathematical genius. Sharing valuable insights into the many stages of Ramanujan's life, this book provides glimpses into his prolific research on highly composite numbers, partitions, continued fractions, mock theta functions, arithmetic, and hypergeometric functions which led the author to discover a new summation theorem. It also includes the list of Ramanujan's collected papers, letters and other material present at the Wren Library, Trinity College in Cambridge, UK. This book is a valuable resource for all readers interested in Ramanujan's life, work and indelible contributions to mathematics.
Quantum Chemistry and Computing for the Curious
Acquire knowledge of quantum chemistry concepts, the postulates of quantum mechanics, and the foundations of quantum computing, and execute illustrations made with Python code, Qiskit, and open-source quantum chemistry packagesKey Features: Be at the forefront of a quest for increased accuracy in chemistry applications and computingGet familiar with some open source quantum chemistry packages to run your own experimentsDevelop awareness of computational chemistry problems by using postulates of quantum mechanicsBook Description: Explore quantum chemical concepts and the postulates of quantum mechanics in a modern fashion, with the intent to see how chemistry and computing intertwine. Along the way you'll relate these concepts to quantum information theory and computation. We build a framework of computational tools that lead you through traditional computational methods and straight to the forefront of exciting opportunities. These opportunities will rely on achieving next-generation accuracy by going further than the standard approximations such as beyond Born-Oppenheimer calculations.Discover how leveraging quantum chemistry and computing is a key enabler for overcoming major challenges in the broader chemical industry. The skills that you will learn can be utilized to solve new-age business needs that specifically hinge on quantum chemistryWhat You Will Learn: Understand mathematical properties of the building blocks of matterRun through the principles of quantum mechanics with illustrationsDesign quantum gate circuit computationsProgram in open-source chemistry software packages such as Qiskit(R)Execute state-of-the-art-chemistry calculations and simulationsRun companion Jupyter notebooks on the cloud with just a web browserExplain standard approximations in chemical simulationsWho this book is for: Professionals interested in chemistry and computer science at the early stages of learning, or interested in a career of quantum computational chemistry and quantum computing, including advanced high school and college students. Helpful to have high school level chemistry, mathematics (algebra), and programming. An introductory level of understanding Python is sufficient to read the code presented to illustrate quantum chemistry and computing
Swarm Intelligence
The book analyzes new methodologies involved in studying swarm intelligence. It brings together computer scientists and cognitive scientists dealing with swarm patterns from social bacteria to human beings. Topics include swarm computing, soldier crabs computing, social insects computing, ad hoc and sensor wireless network, bio-molecular computing.
Effective Results and Methods for Diophantine Equations Over Finitely Generated Domains
This book provides the first thorough treatment of effective results and methods for Diophantine equations over finitely generated domains. Compiling diverse results and techniques from papers written in recent decades, the text includes an in-depth analysis of classical equations including unit equations, Thue equations, hyper- and superelliptic equations, the Catalan equation, discriminant equations and decomposable form equations. The majority of results are proved in a quantitative form, giving effective bounds on the sizes of the solutions. The necessary techniques from Diophantine approximation and commutative algebra are all explained in detail without requiring any specialized knowledge on the topic, enabling readers from beginning graduate students to experts to prove effective finiteness results for various further classes of Diophantine equations.
Trilogy of Numbers and Arithmetic - Book 1: History of Numbers and Arithmetic: An Information Perspective
The book is the first in the trilogy which will bring you to the fascinating world of numbers and operations with them. Numbers provide information about myriads of things. Together with operations, numbers constitute arithmetic forming in basic intellectual instruments of theoretical and practical activity of people and offering powerful tools for representation, acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, and management of information about the world.The history of numbers and arithmetic is the topic of a variety of books and at the same time, it is extensively presented in many books on the history of mathematics. However, all of them, at best, bring the reader to the end of the 19th century without including the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. Besides, such books consider and describe only the most popular classes of numbers, such as whole numbers or real numbers. At the same time, a diversity of new classes of numbers and arithmetic were introduced in the 20th century.This book looks into the chronicle of numbers and arithmetic from ancient times all the way to 21st century. It also includes the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. A unique aspect of this book is its information orientation of the exposition of the history of numbers and arithmetic.
The Basic Laws of Arithmetic
Basic Laws of Arithmetic: Exposition of the System by Gottlob Frege is a seminal work that aims to establish arithmetic and mathematical analysis as logical systems derived from pure logic. Published in 1893, it represents a cornerstone in the history of mathematical and philosophical thought. Frege's primary objective was to substantiate logicism, the view that truths of arithmetic are not irreducibly mathematical, synthetic a priori, or empirical, but are instead expressions of logical truths. The book lays out three core tasks: defining logical propositions and rules of inference, and deriving arithmetic's fundamental truths from these logical principles. While Frege's meticulous approach to these tasks helped establish mathematical logic as a discipline, his work ultimately failed to achieve its purpose, as the set theory underpinning his system proved inconsistent, a flaw brought to his attention by Bertrand Russell. Despite its failure as Frege envisioned it, the work remains profoundly influential. Frege's exploration of logical truth and inference pioneered formal logic, including propositional calculus, quantification theory, and set theory. His philosophy of language, embedded within the system's semantics, offers a deep and nuanced understanding of meaning that continues to resonate within analytical philosophy. Moreover, Frege's precise and rigorous standards of reasoning surpass many subsequent works, including the more widely adopted Principia Mathematica. Although his logicism is untenable in its original form, Frege's ideas remain a vital resource for understanding the intersection of logic, mathematics, and language, making his Grundgesetze a crucial study for philosophers, logicians, and historians. This translation of key sections emphasizes its ongoing relevance to modern philosophical inquiries into meaning and language. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964.
Perfect and Amicable Numbers
This book contains a detailed presentation on the theory of two classes of special numbers, perfect numbers, and amicable numbers, as well as some of their generalizations. It also gives a large list of their properties, facts and theorems with full proofs. Perfect and amicable numbers, as well as most classes of special numbers, have many interesting properties, including numerous modern and classical applications as well as a long history connected with the names of famous mathematicians.The theory of perfect and amicable numbers is a part of pure Arithmetic, and in particular a part of Divisibility Theory and the Theory of Arithmetical Functions. Thus, for a perfect number n it holds σ(n) = 2n, where σ is the sum-of-divisors function, while for a pair of amicable numbers (n, m) it holds σ(n) = σ(m) = n + m. This is also an important part of the history of prime numbers, since the main formulas that generate perfect numbers and amicable pairs are dependent on the good choice of one or several primes of special form.Nowadays, the theory of perfect and amicable numbers contains many interesting mathematical facts and theorems, alongside many important computer algorithms needed for searching for new large elements of these two famous classes of special numbers.This book contains a list of open problems and numerous questions related to generalizations of the classical case, which provides a broad perspective on the theory of these two classes of special numbers. Perfect and Amicable Numbers can be useful and interesting to both professional and general audiences.
The Basic Laws of Arithmetic
Basic Laws of Arithmetic: Exposition of the System by Gottlob Frege is a seminal work that aims to establish arithmetic and mathematical analysis as logical systems derived from pure logic. Published in 1893, it represents a cornerstone in the history of mathematical and philosophical thought. Frege's primary objective was to substantiate logicism, the view that truths of arithmetic are not irreducibly mathematical, synthetic a priori, or empirical, but are instead expressions of logical truths. The book lays out three core tasks: defining logical propositions and rules of inference, and deriving arithmetic's fundamental truths from these logical principles. While Frege's meticulous approach to these tasks helped establish mathematical logic as a discipline, his work ultimately failed to achieve its purpose, as the set theory underpinning his system proved inconsistent, a flaw brought to his attention by Bertrand Russell. Despite its failure as Frege envisioned it, the work remains profoundly influential. Frege's exploration of logical truth and inference pioneered formal logic, including propositional calculus, quantification theory, and set theory. His philosophy of language, embedded within the system's semantics, offers a deep and nuanced understanding of meaning that continues to resonate within analytical philosophy. Moreover, Frege's precise and rigorous standards of reasoning surpass many subsequent works, including the more widely adopted Principia Mathematica. Although his logicism is untenable in its original form, Frege's ideas remain a vital resource for understanding the intersection of logic, mathematics, and language, making his Grundgesetze a crucial study for philosophers, logicians, and historians. This translation of key sections emphasizes its ongoing relevance to modern philosophical inquiries into meaning and language. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964.
Math Mammoth Grade 2-B Worktext, International Version (Canada)
Math Mammoth Grade 2-B Worktext is the student book for the latter half of grade 2 mathematics studies. It covers three-digit numbers, measuring, regrouping in addition and subtraction, counting coins, and an introduction to multiplication.The worktext contains both the necessary instruction and the problems & exercises, and is fairly self-teaching. Please note this is a student worktext and does not contain answers.Features of the curriculum: Math Mammoth focuses on conceptual understanding. It explains the "WHY", so your children can understand the math, not just learn "HOW" to do it.Concepts are often explained with visual models, followed by exercises using those models. These visual models can take the place of manipulatives for many children; however, it is very easy to add corresponding manipulatives to the lessons if so desired.The curriculum is mastery-oriented. This means it concentrates fairly long on a topic, delving into its various aspects. This promotes conceptual understanding, as opposed to spiral curricula that often tend to jump from topic to topic too much.There is a strong emphasis on mental math and number sense.It requires very little teacher preparation, which is a big benefit to most teachers/parents.: )The curriculum has no separate teacher's manual nor is it scripted. The introduction to each chapter has some notes for the teacher concerning the material in the chapter. All the instruction is written directly to the student in the worktext, and we also offer accompanying videos where you can see Maria herself teach the material.After each chapter introduction, you will find a list of Internet links and resources (games, quizzes, animations, etc.) that can be used for fun, illustrations, and further practice.For addition and subtraction facts, you can use our online practice program (free). This Canadian version of the 2-B worktext is essentially the same as the U.S. version, but is customised for Canadian audiences in these aspects: The currency used in the chapter on money is the Canadian dollar.The curriculum teaches the metric measurement units. Imperial units, such as inches and pounds, are not used.The spelling conforms to British international standards (British English).Page (paper) size is Letter.
Student Workbook for Kaufmann/Schwitters Algebra for College Students, 10th
NEW! Get a head-start. The Student Workbook contains all of the Assessments, Activities, and Worksheets from the Instructor's Resource Binder for classroom discussions, in-class activities, and group work.
Student Solutions Manual for Kaufmann/Schwitters Algebra for College Students, 10th
The Student Solutions Manual provides worked-out solutions to the odd-numbered problems in the text.
Teaching Mathematics at a Technical College
Not much has been written about technical colleges, especially teaching mathematics at one. Much had been written about community college mathematics. This book addresses this disparity. Mathematics is a beautiful subject worthy to be taught at the technical college level. The author sheds light on technical colleges and their importance in the higher education system. Technical colleges area more affordable for students and provide many career opportunities. These careers are becoming or have become as lucrative as careers requiring a four-year-degree. The interest in technical college education is likely to continue to grow. Mathematics, like all other classes, is a subject that needs time, energy, and dedication to learn. For an instructor, it takes many years of hard work and dedication just to be able to teach the subject. Students should not be expected to learn the mathematics overnight. As instructors, we need to be open, honest, and put forth our very best to our students so that they can see that they are able to succeed in whatever is placed in front of them.　This book hopes to encourage such an effort. A notable percentage of students who are receiving associate degrees will go through at least one of more mathematics, courses. These students should not be forgotten about-their needs are similar to any student who is required to take a mathematics course to earn a degree. This book offers insight into teaching mathematics at a technical college. It is also a source for students to turn toward when they are feeling dread in taking a mathematics course. Mathematics instructors want to help students succeed. If they put forth their best effort, and us ours, we can all work as one team to get the student through the course and onto chasing their dreams.　 Though this book focuses on teaching mathematics, some chapters expand to focus on teaching in general.　 The overall hope is the reader, will be inspired by the great work that is happening at technical colleges all around the country. Technical college can be, should be, and is the backbone of the American working class.
Teaching Mathematics at a Technical College
Not much has been written about technical colleges, especially teaching mathematics at one. Much had been written about community college mathematics. This book addresses this disparity. Mathematics is a beautiful subject worthy to be taught at the technical college level. The author sheds light on technical colleges and their importance in the higher education system. Technical colleges area more affordable for students and provide many career opportunities. These careers are becoming or have become as lucrative as careers requiring a four-year-degree. The interest in technical college education is likely to continue to grow. Mathematics, like all other classes, is a subject that needs time, energy, and dedication to learn. For an instructor, it takes many years of hard work and dedication just to be able to teach the subject. Students should not be expected to learn the mathematics overnight. As instructors, we need to be open, honest, and put forth our very best to our students so that they can see that they are able to succeed in whatever is placed in front of them.　This book hopes to encourage such an effort. A notable percentage of students who are receiving associate degrees will go through at least one of more mathematics, courses. These students should not be forgotten about-their needs are similar to any student who is required to take a mathematics course to earn a degree. This book offers insight into teaching mathematics at a technical college. It is also a source for students to turn toward when they are feeling dread in taking a mathematics course. Mathematics instructors want to help students succeed. If they put forth their best effort, and us ours, we can all work as one team to get the student through the course and onto chasing their dreams.　 Though this book focuses on teaching mathematics, some chapters expand to focus on teaching in general.　 The overall hope is the reader, will be inspired by the great work that is happening at technical colleges all around the country. Technical college can be, should be, and is the backbone of the American working class.
Problems and Solutions in Mathematical Olympiad (High School 1)
The series is edited by the head coaches of China's IMO National Team. Each volume, catering to different grades, is contributed by the senior coaches of the IMO National Team. The Chinese edition has won the award of Top 50 Most Influential Educational Brands in China.The series is created in line with the mathematics cognition and intellectual development levels of the students in the corresponding grades. All hot mathematics topics of the competition are included in the volumes and are organized into chapters where concepts and methods are gradually introduced to equip the students with necessary knowledge until they can finally reach the competition level.In each chapter, well-designed problems including those collected from real competitions are provided so that the students can apply the skills and strategies they have learned to solve these problems. Detailed solutions are provided selectively. As a feature of the series, we also include some solutions generously offered by the members of Chinese national team and national training team.
Problems and Solutions in Mathematical Olympiad (High School 2)
The series is edited by the head coaches of China's IMO National Team. Each volume, catering to different grades, is contributed by the senior coaches of the IMO National Team. The Chinese edition has won the award of Top 50 Most Influential Educational Brands in China.The series is created in line with the mathematics cognition and intellectual development levels of the students in the corresponding grades. All hot mathematics topics of the competition are included in the volumes and are organized into chapters where concepts and methods are gradually introduced to equip the students with necessary knowledge until they can finally reach the competition level.In each chapter, well-designed problems including those collected from real competitions are provided so that the students can apply the skills and strategies they have learned to solve these problems. Detailed solutions are provided selectively. As a feature of the series, we also include some solutions generously offered by the members of Chinese national team and national training team.
Problems and Solutions in Mathematical Olympiad (High School 1)
The series is edited by the head coaches of China's IMO National Team. Each volume, catering to different grades, is contributed by the senior coaches of the IMO National Team. The Chinese edition has won the award of Top 50 Most Influential Educational Brands in China.The series is created in line with the mathematics cognition and intellectual development levels of the students in the corresponding grades. All hot mathematics topics of the competition are included in the volumes and are organized into chapters where concepts and methods are gradually introduced to equip the students with necessary knowledge until they can finally reach the competition level.In each chapter, well-designed problems including those collected from real competitions are provided so that the students can apply the skills and strategies they have learned to solve these problems. Detailed solutions are provided selectively. As a feature of the series, we also include some solutions generously offered by the members of Chinese national team and national training team.
Problems and Solutions in Mathematical Olympiad
The series is edited by the head coaches of China's IMO National Team. Each volume, catering to different grades, is contributed by the senior coaches of the IMO National Team. The Chinese edition has won the award of Top 50 Most Influential Educational Brands in China.The series is created in line with the mathematics cognition and intellectual development levels of the students in the corresponding grades. All hot mathematics topics of the competition are included in the volumes and are organized into chapters where concepts and methods are gradually introduced to equip the students with necessary knowledge until they can finally reach the competition level.In each chapter, well-designed problems including those collected from real competitions are provided so that the students can apply the skills and strategies they have learned to solve these problems. Detailed solutions are provided selectively. As a feature of the series, we also include some solutions generously offered by the members of Chinese national team and national training team.
