A Concise History of Mathematics; 2
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Functions Of A Complex Variable Vol II
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning; 1
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Logical Foundations of Computer Science
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Logical Foundations of Computer Science, LFCS 2022, held in Deerfield Beach, FL, USA, in January 2022. The 23 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. The scope of the Symposium is broad and includes constructive mathematics and type theory; homotopy type theory; logic, automata, and automatic structures; computability and randomness; logical foundations of programming; logical aspects of computational complexity; parameterized complexity; logic programming and constraints; automated deduction and interactive theorem proving; logical methods in protocol and program verification; logical methods in program specification and extraction; domain theory logics; logical foundations of database theory; equational logic and term rewriting; lambda and combinatory calculi; categorical logic and topological semantics; linear logic; epistemic and temporal logics; intelligent and multiple-agent system logics; logics of proof and justification; non-monotonic reasoning; logic in game theory and social software; logic of hybrid systems; distributed system logics; mathematical fuzzy logic; system design logics; other logics in computer science.
Mining Complex Networks
This book concentrates on mining networks, a subfield within data science. Mining complex networks to understand the principles governing the organization and the behaviour of such networks is crucial for a broad range of fields of study.
Contemporary Precalculus Through Applications
The first edition of Contemporary Precalculus through Applications was published in 1993, well before the widespread use of computers in the classroom. Collaborating with students and teachers across the state, faculty from the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM) have steadily developed, reviewed, and tested the textbook in the years since. It is the sole textbook used in NCSSM precalculus courses.This third edition contains extensively updated data, graphics, and material attuned to contemporary technology while keeping what made the book so revolutionary when it was first published--a focus on real-world problem solving and student discovery. This edition will prepare students to learn mathematics in the following major areas: - Data analysis and linear regression- Functions: linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, parametric, and trigonometric- Modifying functions through transformations and compositions- Recursive systems and sequences- Modeling real-world phenomenon and applicationsAn open access edition of this book is available at cpta.ncssm.edu, along with supplementary materials and other information.
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Applications in Economics and Finance
This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance" of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series.It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book.
Differential Equations for Engineers
The book surveys the broad landscape of differential equations, including elements of partial differential equations (PDEs). With the use of step-by-step explanations, a review of necessary foundations, and sets of solved problems, it provides concrete clarification to concepts students find abstract (e.g., eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Pepperdine Papers on Linear Temporal Logic
This book, Pepperdine Papers on Linear Temporal Logic, documents the research conducted over many years at Pepperdine University culminating in the recent publication of: J. Stanley Warford, David Vega, and Scott M. Staley. 2020. A Calculational Deductive System for Linear Temporal Logic. ACM Comput. Surv. 53, 3, Article 53 (June 2020), 38 pages, https: //doi.org/10.1145/3387109 which is freely available for download from the link given above. This book was written with three goals in mind. First, to make the complete documentation of this work widely accessible to engineers and scientists working in this, and related fields. Due to publication page limitations only a small sample of the results of this work could be published in the ACM Computing Surveys article. Second, to update the reader on additional new results that were completed subsequent to the submission of the article to the peer-review process. And, third, to report on related supporting work that was conducted using the automated theorem proving software, ACL2, to confirm a significant number of the calculational proofs. Our hope is that together, the ACM article and this book, can be a significant resource for students and researchers working on LTL specification of reactive and concurrent systems. The audience for this book, Pepperdine Papers on Linear Temporal Logic, includes university students at the undergraduate and graduate levels in computer science, mathematics, software engineering and systems design. This book may also be of interest to practicing professionals and educators in both industry and academia.
Lower Level ISEE Test Prep
Test Prep Books' Lower Level ISEE Test Prep: Math, Reading, Vocabulary, and Verbal Study Guide with Practice Questions for the Independent School Entrance Exam [5th Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the ISEE Lower exam This comprehensive study guide includes: Quick Overview Find out what's inside this guide!Test-Taking Strategies Learn the best tips to help overcome your exam!Introduction Get a thorough breakdown of what the test is and what's on it!Study Prep Plan for the ISEE Lower ExamSubarea I-Verbal Reasoning Synonyms, and Sentence CompletionSubarea II-Quantitative Reasoning and Math Achievement Numbers and Operations, Algebra, Geometry. Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability, Subarea III-Reading ComprehensionSubarea IV-Writing the EssayPractice Questions Practice makes perfect!Detailed Answer Explanations Figure out where you went wrong and how to improve!Studying can be hard. We get it. That's why we created this guide with these great features and benefitsComprehensive Review: Each section of the test has a comprehensive review created by Test Prep Books that goes into detail to cover all of the content likely to appear on the test.ISEE Lower Practice Test Questions: We want to give you the best practice you can find. That's why the Test Prep Books practice questions are as close as you can get to the actual test.Answer Explanations: Every single problem is followed by an answer explanation. We know it's frustrating to miss a question and not understand why. The answer explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. That way, you can avoid missing it again in the future.Test-Taking Strategies: A test taker has to understand the material that is being covered and be familiar with the latest test taking strategies. These strategies are necessary to properly use the time provided. They also help test takers complete the test without making any errors. Test Prep Books has provided the top test-taking tips.Customer Service: We love taking care of our test takers. We make sure that you interact with a real human being when you email your comments or concerns.Anyone planning to take this exam should take advantage of this Test Prep Books study guide. Purchase it today to receive access to: ISEE Lower review materialsISEE Lower practice test questionsTest-taking strategies
Al-Kashi's Miftah al-Hisab, Volume II
Jamshīd al-Kāshī's Miftāḥ al-Ḥisab (Key to Arithmetic) was largely unknown to researchers until the mid-20th century, and has not been translated to English until now. This is the second book in a multi-volume set that finally brings al-Kāshī's groundbreaking textbook to English audiences in its entirety. As soon as it was studied by modern researchers, it changed some false assumptions about the history of certain topics in mathematics. Written as a textbook for students of mathematics, astronomy, accounting, engineering, and architecture, Miftah covers a wide range of topics in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. By sharing al-Kāshī's most comprehensive work with a wider audience, this book will help establish a more complete history of mathematics, and extend al-Kāshī's influence into the 21st century and beyond. The book opens by briefly recounting al-Kāshī's biography, so as to situate readers in the work's rich historical context. His impressivestatus in the kingdom of Ulugh Beg is detailed, as well as his contributions to both mathematics and astronomy. As a master calculator and astronomer, al-Kāshī's calculations of 2π and sin(1⁰) were by far the most accurate for almost two centuries. His law of cosines is still studied in schools today. This translation contributes to the understanding and appreciation of al-Kāshī's esteemed place in the scientific world. A side-by-side presentation of the source manuscript--one of the oldest known copies--and the English translation is provided on each page. Detailed footnotes are also provided throughout, which will offer readers an even deeper look at the text's mathematical and historical basis. Researchers and students of the history of mathematics will find this volume indispensable in filling in a frequently overlooked time period and region. This volume will also provide anybody interested in the history of Islamic culture with an insightful look at one of the mathematical world's most neglected figures.
Texture and Colour in Image Analysis
Research in colour and texture has experienced major changes in the last few years. This book presents some recent advances in the field, specifically in the theory and applications of colour texture analysis. This volume also features benchmarks, comparative evaluations and reviews.
Color Your Way to Math
This is the first volume of a mathematical series for preschoolers to grade 2. It introduces basic concepts and helps to get started with Math. This volume covers the following topics: - counting, - what is zero, - writing numbers, - selecting numbers that are larger than, or smaller than, - symmetry, multiple symmetry lines, mirror images, - vertical vs. horizontal, - patterns, - the ability to follow multi-step instructions, - finding elements in a complex image, - paying attention to two or three ideas at the same time, - identifying basic geometric shapes, - cubes, faces and orientations: top, front, right, etc. - logical operators: AND, NOT, - introducing addition: a game using paper dice, - filling data in the rows of a table, - hands on projects. Each volume takes a bite-sized approach to avoid overwhelming the student. Volumes were designed to have a size and font that is comfortable to young children. The exercises in this book were designed to reinforce focused and distributed attention, pre-attentive processing, prioritizing what is important in a task, and organizing ideas while keeping track of items located all over the page. Between the ages of 2 and 6, children benefit from extra synapses in their brain which help them learn new skills such as math and languages with ease. If these skills are neglected synaptic pruning will eliminate connections that are not being used. For children who start math at an older age, learning becomes increasingly difficult. We know from academic research that math instruction needs to begin young, which positions the parent to play a most significant role in their child's education. This book attempts to provide parents and teachers with a powerful tool to ensure cognitive changes occur that support an excellent basis for successful learning of mathematics in young children. It also helps keep abilities strong and healthy prior to, and within the first few years of entering the school system.
Color Your Way to Math
This is the third volume of a mathematical series for preschoolers to grade 2. It introduces basic concepts and helps to get started with Math. This volume covers the following topics: - linear and circular patterns, - preparing for fractions: using 1 in 4, 2 in 4, and so on, - writing and recognizing numbers, - using ordinal numbers, - using a ruler, - even and odd numbers, - paying attention to a series of instructions, - the logical operators OR, - addition, - understanding two equal sides, finding how many are missing from one side: a precursor to equations, - recognizing the net of a cube. Each volume takes a bite-sized approach to avoid overwhelming the student. Volumes were designed to have a size and font that is comfortable to young children. The exercises in this book were designed to reinforce focused and distributed attention, pre-attentive processing, prioritizing what is important in a task, and organizing ideas while keeping track of items located all over the page. Between the ages of 2 and 6, children benefit from extra synapses in their brain which help them learn new skills such as math and languages with ease. If these skills are neglected synaptic pruning will eliminate connections that are not being used. For children who start math at an older age, learning becomes increasingly difficult. We know from academic research that math instruction needs to begin young, which positions the parent to play a most significant role in their child's education. This book attempts to provide parents and teachers with a powerful tool to ensure cognitive changes occur that support an excellent basis for successful learning of mathematics in young children. It also helps keep abilities strong and healthy prior to, and within the first few years of entering the school system.
Casual Calculus - Volume I: A Friendly Student Companion
Yes, this is another Calculus book. However, it fits in a niche between the two predominant types of such texts. It could be used as a textbook, albeit a streamlined one - it contains exposition on each topic, with an introduction, rationale, train of thought, and solved examples with accompanying suggested exercises. It could be used as a solution guide - because it contains full written solutions to each of the hundreds of exercises posed inside. But its best position is right in between these two extremes. It is best used as a companion to a traditional text or as a refresher - with its conversational tone, its "get right to it" content structure, and its inclusion of complete solutions to many problems, it is a friendly partner for students who are learning Calculus, either in class or via self-study.Exercises are structured in three sets to force multiple encounters with each topic. Solved examples in the text are accompanied by "You Try It" problems, which are similar to the solved examples; the students use these to see if they're ready to move forward. Then at the end of the section, there are "Practice Problems" more problems similar to the "You Try It" problems, but given all at once. Finally, each section has Challenge Problems - these lean to being equally or a bit more difficult than the others, and they allow students to check on what they've mastered.The goal is to keep the students engaged with the text, and so the writing style is very informal, with attempts at humor along the way. The target audience is STEM students including those in engineering and meteorology programs.
Notes on the Brown-Douglas-Fillmore Theorem
Suitable for both postgraduate students and researchers in the field of operator theory, this book is an excellent resource providing the complete proof of the Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theorem. The book starts with a rapid introduction to the standard preparatory material in basic operator theory taught at the first year graduate level course. To quickly get to the main points of the proof of the theorem, several topics that aid in the understanding of the proof are included in the appendices. These topics serve the purpose of providing familiarity with a large variety of tools used in the proof and adds to the flexibility of reading them independently.
Geometry in Our Three-Dimensional World
The book presents a comprehensive overview of various aspects of three-dimensional geometry that can be experienced on a daily basis. By covering the wide range of topics -- from the psychology of spatial perception to the principles of 3D modelling and printing, from the invention of perspective by Renaissance artists to the art of Origami, from polyhedral shapes to the theory of knots, from patterns in space to the problem of optimal packing, and from the problems of cartography to the geometry of solar and lunar eclipses -- this book provides deep insight into phenomena related to the geometry of space and exposes incredible nuances that can enrich our lives.The book is aimed at the general readership and provides more than 420 color illustrations that support the explanations and replace formal mathematical arguments with clear graphical representations.
Geometry in Our Three-Dimensional World
The book presents a comprehensive overview of various aspects of three-dimensional geometry that can be experienced on a daily basis. By covering the wide range of topics - from the psychology of spatial perception to the principles of 3D modelling and printing, from the invention of perspective by Renaissance artists to the art of Origami, from polyhedral shapes to the theory of knots, from patterns in space to the problem of optimal packing, and from the problems of cartography to the geometry of solar and lunar eclipses - this book provides deep insight into phenomena related to the geometry of space and exposes incredible nuances that can enrich our lives.The book is aimed at the general readership and provides more than 420 color illustrations that support the explanations and replace formal mathematical arguments with clear graphical representations.
Science and Mathematics
This book offers an engaging and comprehensive introduction to scientific theories, and the evolution of science and mathematics through the centuries.
Solutions for Trigonometry Sums from Plane Trigonometry Part 1 of S L Loney
The book by SL LONEY of Trigonometry chosen by me for solutions, is full of basic Sums required for class VI to Junior college students. Accordingly, the present book on Solutions of Sums from Trigonometry /named ―Plane Trigonometry Part 1‖ by SLL on y was attempted. I draw my pleasure with high hopes that my book will be liked by students. My appeal therefore to such students to get my book as guidance always, which will be a path for success to them. Best of wishes to all students "
Logic's Dilemma
To the logical realist, mathematical truths reside in the mind, independent of the brain, meaning they are discovered. Conversely, the logical nominalist argues that mathematics is a construct of the human brain. As an invention, mathematics only stipulates the use of certain symbols, much like how the rules of chess govern how the pieces can move. This book discusses realism vs. nominalism within systems of logic. In this insightful examination, The Heart of Man brilliantly exposes the current crisis in logic.
Schaum’s Outline of Mathematical Methods for Business, Economics and Finance, Second Edition
The most useful tool for reviewing mathematical methods for business and economics classes-now with more content Schaum's Outline of Mathematical Methods for Business, Economics and Finance, Second Edition is the go-to study guide for students enrolled in business and economics courses that require a variety of mathematical skills. No mathematical proficiency beyond the high school level is assumed, enabling students to progress at their own rate and adapt the book to their own needs. With an outline format that facilitates quick and easy review, this guide helps you understand basic concepts and get the extra practice you need to excel in business and economics courses. Schaum's Outline of Mathematical Methods for Business, Economics and Finance, Second Edition supports the bestselling textbooks and is ideal study aid for classes such as Calculus for Business, Applied Calculus, Calculus for Social Sciences and Calculus for Economics. Chapters include Equations and Graphs, Functions, Systems of Equations, Linear (or Matrix) Algebra, Linear Programming, Differential Calculus, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Integral Calculus, Calculus of Multivariable Functions, and more. Features - NEW in this edition: Additional problems at the end of each chapter - NEW in this edition: An additional chapter on sequences and series - NEW in this edition: Three computer applications of Linear Programming in Excel - More than 1,000 fully solved problems - Outline format to provide a concise guide for study - Clear, concise explanations covers all course fundamentals - Supplements the major bestselling textbooks in economics courses - Appropriate for the following courses: Calculus for Business, Applied Calculus, Calculus for Social Sciences, Calculus for Economics
Inequalities in Geometry and Applications
This book presents the recent developments in the field of geometric inequalities and their applications. The volume covers a vast range of topics, such as complex geometry, contact geometry, statistical manifolds, Riemannian submanifolds, optimization theory, topology of manifolds, log-concave functions, Obata differential equation, Chen invariants, Einstein spaces, warped products, solitons, isoperimetric problem, Erd繹s-Mordell inequality, Barrow's inequality, Simpson inequality, Chen inequalities, and q-integral inequalities. By exposing new concepts, techniques and ideas, this book will certainly stimulate further research in the field.
Hypercompositional Algebra and Applications
This Special Issue demonstrates that Hypercompositional Algebra is a fertile ground for deep mathematical research and also a useful tool for other branches of mathematics, such as geometry, graph theory, etc., as well as other sciences, such as Computer Science, etc. It contains 11 papers, which also include open problems for further scientific research.
Formal Methods Teaching
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop and Tutorial, FMTea 2021, Held as Part of the 4th World Congress on Formal Methods, FM 2021, as a virtual event in November 2021. The 8 full papers presented together with 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 12 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: experiences and proposals related with online FM learning and teaching, integrating/embedding FM teaching/thinking within other computer science courses, teaching FM for industry, and innovative learning and teaching methods for FM.
Differential Models, Numerical Simulations and Applications
This Special Issue includes 12 high-quality articles containing original research findings in the fields of differential and integro-differential models, numerical methods and efficient algorithms for parameter estimation in inverse problems, with applications to biology, biomedicine, land degradation, traffic flows problems, and manufacturing systems.
AI Age Knowledge
AI Age Knowledge. Peter Chew Triangle Diagram My Research is to create new discoveries (new rules, new methods, theorems or diagrams) to supplement the information needed to complete certain areas of mathematics. New discoveries can make solving certain mathematical problems easier, more direct and more accurate, which can help us in mathematics teaching and enable the next generation to solve the same problems directly, more easily and more accurately. By using the newly discovered Peter Chew rule and triangle diagram, all problems in the topic solution of triangle can be solved directly, easily and accurately. Because some areas of mathematics are still incomplete today, this makes current technical tools such as online calculators unable to solve certain mathematical problems. This will cause students to reduce their interest in using today's technological tools and hinder the promotion of effective mathematics learning. In order to solve the above problems, I applied my new discovery to the AI Age Calculator, PCET calculator https: //youtu.be/9m7mc0UTsSw. The new discovery enables the PCET calculator to solve all the problems in this particular field of mathematics. When the future epidemics such as Covid-19 occur in the future, it can effectively help mathematics teaching, especially for students studying at home. This book can be used not only for Engineering Mathematics students, but also for high school students, because " Solution of Triangle " is important chapters in Engineering Mathematics and high school Advanced Mathematics. It is similar to calculus and is an important chapter in Engineering Mathematics and high school Advanced Mathematics.
Discrete Multiphysics
Particle methods have proven their versatility and effectiveness in a variety of applications, ranging from the modelling of molecules to the simulation of galaxies. Their power is amplified when they are coupled within a discrete multiphysics framework. Moreover, particle methods also couple extremely well (better than mesh-based algorithms) with artificial neural networks, as recent studies on deep multiphysics show. This book collects studies that highlight the power of particle methods in addressing multiphysics problems (including multiphase and complex flows). It targets methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), the lattice spring model (LSM) or the discrete element method (DEM), and applications ranging from cavitation to cardiovascular flows. One of the reasons for looking at particle methods as members of the same family is that they all follow a very similar algorithm. This circumstance has two consequences: (i) it is straightforward to couple particle methods together, and (ii) it is relatively easy to learn a new particle method if you are already familiar with another one. Therefore, in this book, emphasis was placed on exploring the potential of coupling different particle methods, but also on material that is useful to researchers familiar with a specific particle method, who wish to expand their horizons. Consideration was also given to the 'tricks of the trade' of particle methods: i.e., rules of good practice that researchers with years of experience have developed, which are not normally found in the open literature.
OAR Test Prep
Test Prep Books' OAR Test Prep Officer Aptitude Rating Study Guide and Practice Exam Questions for the Navy [4th Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the OAR exam. Comprehensive Study Guide Includes: Quick Overview Find out what's inside this guide! Test-Taking Strategies Learn the best tips to help overcome your exam! Introduction Get a thorough breakdown of what the test is and what's on it! Math Skills Reading Comprehension Mechanical Comprehension Practice Test Detailed Answer Explanations: Every single problem is followed by an answer explanation. We know it's frustrating to miss a question and not understand why. The answer explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. That way, you can avoid missing it again in the future. Disclaimer: Test Prep Books is not affiliated with or endorsed by any official testing organization. All organizational and test names are trademarks of their respective owners. Key Features and Benefits: Human Authored: Our book is written and edited by actual humans to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness. Comprehensive Review: Each section of the test has a comprehensive review created by Test Prep Books that goes into detail to cover all of the content likely to appear on the test. OAR Practice Test Questions: We want to give you the best practice you can find. That's why the Test Prep Books practice questions are as close as you can get to the actual test. Detailed Answer Explanations: Every single problem is followed by an answer explanation. We know it's frustrating to miss a question and not understand why. The answer explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. That way, you can avoid missing it again in the future. Test-Taking Strategies: A test taker has to understand the material that is being covered and be familiar with the latest test-taking strategies. These strategies are necessary to properly use the time provided. They also help test takers complete the test without making any errors. Test Prep Books has provided the top test-taking tips. Customer Service: We love taking care of our test takers. We make sure that you interact with a real human being when you email your comments or concerns. Get started on your studying journey today!
Mathematics, second edition, Volume 1
A comprehensive exposition of mathematics, tracing the history and cultural significance of mathematical ideas from antiquity to the present day.Mathematics, which originated in antiquity in the needs of daily life, has developed into an immense system of widely varied disciplines. Like the other sciences, it reflects the laws of the material world around us and serves as a powerful instrument for our knowledge and mastery of nature. But the high level of abstraction peculiar to mathematics means that its newer branches are relatively inaccessible to nonspecialists. This abstract character of mathematics gave birth even in antiquity to idealistic notions about its independence of the material world. In recent years, many popular books about mathematics have appeared, but many of them have neglected the twentieth century, the undisputed golden age of mathematics. This book undertakes the ultimate task of mathematical exposition, outlining the history and cultural significance of mathematical ideas and their continuous development from the earliest beginnings of history to the present day.
Classical Banach Spaces I and II
Springer-Verlag began publishing books in higher mathematics in 1920, when the series Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, initially conceived as a series of advanced textbooks, was founded by Richard Courant. A few years later a new series Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, survey reports of recent mathematical research, was added. Of over 400 books published in these series, many have become recognized classics and remain standard references for their subject. Springer is reissuing a selected few of these highly successful books in a new, inexpensive sofcover edition to make them easily accessible to younger generations of students and researchers.
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics
As faster and more efficient numerical algorithms become available, the understanding of the physics and the mathematical foundation behind these new methods will play an increasingly important role. This Special Issue provides a platform for researchers from both academia and industry to present their novel computational methods that have engineering and physics applications.
Topics in Domination in Graphs
This volume comprises 16 contributions that present advanced topics in graph domination, featuring open problems, modern techniques, and recent results. The focus is on primary dominating sets such as paired domination, connected domination, restrained domination, dominating functions, Roman domination, and power domination. Additionally, surveys include known results with a sample of proof techniques for each parameter. Of extra benefit to the reader, the first chapter includes a glossary of commonly used terms; the second chapter provides an overview of models of domination from which the parameters are defined. The book is intended to provide a reference for established researchers in the fields of domination and graph theory and graduate students who wish to gain knowledge of the topics covered as well as an overview of the major accomplishments in the field and proof techniques used.
The Construction of Mathematics
Is mathematics created or discovered? The answer has been debated for centuries. This book answers the question clearly and decisively by applying the concept of language games, invented by the philosopher Wittgenstein to solve difficult philosophical issues. Using the results of modern brain science, the book also explains how it is possible that eminent mathematicians and scientists offer diametrically opposed answers to the question of creation vs. discovery. Interested in the topic but intimidated by mathematics? Not to worry. If you are familiar with the elementary operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, you can follow the arguments of this book.
Founding Mathematics on Semantic Conventions
This book presents a new nominalistic philosophy of mathematics: semantic conventionalism. Its central thesis is that mathematics should be founded on the human ability to create language - and specifically, the ability to institute conventions for the truth conditions of sentences.This philosophical stance leads to an alternative way of practicing mathematics: instead of "building" objects out of sets, a mathematician should introduce new syntactical sentence types, together with their truth conditions, as he or she develops a theory.Semantic conventionalism is justified first through criticism of Cantorian set theory, intuitionism, logicism, and predicativism; then on its own terms; and finally, exemplified by a detailed reconstruction of arithmetic and real analysis.Also included is a simple solution to the liar paradox and the other paradoxes that have traditionally been recognized as semantic. And since it is argued that mathematics is semantics, thissolution also applies to Russell's paradox and the other mathematical paradoxes of self-reference.In addition to philosophers who care about the metaphysics and epistemology of mathematics or the paradoxes of self-reference, this book should appeal to mathematicians interested in alternative approaches.
Understanding Boundary Value Problems, Weyl Functions and Differential Operators: Volume 3
Boundary value problems are differential equations with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution which satisfies the boundary conditions is a solution to the boundary value problem and the differential equation. The Weyl distance function behaves in some ways like the distance function of a metric space. It takes values in a group of reflections, instead of taking values in the positive real numbers. This group of reflections is called the Weyl group. A differential operator is a function of the differentiation operator, also known as the derivative. Differentiation can be considered as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of boundary value problems, Weyl functions, differential operators and related fields. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Constant effort has been made in this book, using case studies and examples, to make the understanding of these difficult concepts of mathematics as easy and informative as possible to the readers.
Understanding Boundary Value Problems, Weyl Functions and Differential Operators: Volume 1
Boundary value problems are differential equations with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution which satisfies the boundary conditions is a solution to the boundary value problem and the differential equation. The Weyl distance function behaves in some ways like the distance function of a metric space. It takes values in a group of reflections, instead of taking values in the positive real numbers. This group of reflections is called the Weyl group. A differential operator is a function of the differentiation operator, also known as the derivative. Differentiation can be considered as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of boundary value problems, Weyl functions, differential operators and related fields. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Constant effort has been made in this book, using case studies and examples, to make the understanding of these difficult concepts of mathematics as easy and informative as possible to the readers.
Models of Delay Differential Equations
This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering
Finite Difference Computing: Theory and Software Applications
Finite-difference methods (FDM) are a class of numerical techniques which are used for solving differential equations by estimating derivatives with finite differences. It involves discretizing the spatial domain and time interval. The value of the solution at these discrete points is approximated by solving algebraic equations having finite differences and values from adjacent points. Finite difference methods transform ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations, into a system of linear equations that can be solved by matrix algebra techniques. Modern computers can perform these linear algebra computations efficiently, which has led to the widespread use of FDM in modern numerical analysis. It is considered to be one of the most common approaches to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of finite difference computing. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of this method. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with finite-difference methods will benefit alike from this book.
Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory
This book provides an extensive set of tools for applying fuzzy mathematics and graph theory to real-life problems. Balancing the basics and latest developments in fuzzy graph theory, this book starts with existing fundamental theories such as connectivity, isomorphism, products of fuzzy graphs, and different types of paths and arcs in fuzzy graphs to focus on advanced concepts such as planarity in fuzzy graphs, fuzzy competition graphs, fuzzy threshold graphs, fuzzy tolerance graphs, fuzzy trees, coloring in fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy graphs, intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, m-polar fuzzy graphs, applications of fuzzy graphs, and more. Each chapter includes a number of key representative applications of the discussed concept. An authoritative, self-contained, and inspiring read on the theory and modern applications of fuzzy graphs, this book is of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, engineering, and computer science, as well as researchers interestedin new developments in fuzzy logic and applied mathematics.
Graphs for the Analysis of Bipolar Fuzzy Information
This monograph discusses decision making methods under bipolar fuzzy graphical models with the aim of overcoming the lack of mathematical approach towards bipolar information-positive and negative. It investigates the properties of bipolar fuzzy graphs, their distance functions, and concept of their isomorphism. It presents certain notions, including irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy circuits, energy in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs, and bipolar neutrosophic graph structures. This book also presents the applications of mentioned concepts to real-world problems in areas of product manufacturing, international relations, psychology, global terrorism and more, making it valuable for researchers, computer scientists, social scientists and alike.
A Journey Through Math-Land
If you look at math by eyes you see symbols, by brain knowledge, by heart truth, and by soul God. This book is about flying over math-land, enjoying the view, and landing safely. It seems inconceivable how much we rely on mathematics/numbers in our daily lives and how natural it feels. Our birth is announced by a set of numbers representing the time, date, and our height and weight. We become a functioning member of society only after a Social Security number is assigned to us. Our health and fitness are evaluated using numbers representing our blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and so on. From that point onward, every action performed and every life encountered becomes part of our ongoing use of mathematics/numbers. This book traces applications of mathematics. The goal is to find a way to delight readers about the discipline and open the door for them to see its beauty by presenting a variety of applications. It is particularly useful for the individuals with some mathematics background or interests.
A Journey Through Math-Land
If you look at math by eyes you see symbols, by brain knowledge, by heart truth, and by soul God. This book is about flying over math-land, enjoying the view, and landing safely. It seems inconceivable how much we rely on mathematics/numbers in our daily lives and how natural it feels. Our birth is announced by a set of numbers representing the time, date, and our height and weight. We become a functioning member of society only after a Social Security number is assigned to us. Our health and fitness are evaluated using numbers representing our blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and so on. From that point onward, every action performed and every life encountered becomes part of our ongoing use of mathematics/numbers. This book traces applications of mathematics. The goal is to find a way to delight readers about the discipline and open the door for them to see its beauty by presenting a variety of applications. It is particularly useful for the individuals with some mathematics background or interests.
Journal of Applied Logics, Volume 8, Number 9, October 2021. Special issue
The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).
An Introduction to Element-Based Galerkin Methods on Tensor-Product Bases
This book introduces the reader to solving partial differential equations (PDEs) numerically using element-based Galerkin methods. Although it draws on a solid theoretical foundation (e.g. the theory of interpolation, numerical integration, and function spaces), the book's main focus is on how to build the method, what the resulting matrices look like, and how to write algorithms for coding Galerkin methods. In addition, the spotlight is on tensor-product bases, which means that only line elements (in one dimension), quadrilateral elements (in two dimensions), and cubes (in three dimensions) are considered. The types of Galerkin methods covered are: continuous Galerkin methods (i.e., finite/spectral elements), discontinuous Galerkin methods, and hybridized discontinuous Galerkin methods using both nodal and modal basis functions. In addition, examples are included (which can also serve as student projects) for solving hyperbolic and elliptic partial differential equations, includingboth scalar PDEs and systems of equations.
The Development of Mathematical Logic
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Comparison Between Steepest Ascent and Differential Correction Optimization Methods in a Problem of Bolza, With a Method for Obtaining Starting Values for the Adjoint Variables From a Nominal Path
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
