Statistics of Extremes
Universally acknowledged as the classic text about statistics of extremes, this volume is geared toward use by statisticians and statistically minded scientists and engineers. It employs elementary terms to explain applications, favors graphical procedures over calculations, and presents simple generalizations as exercises -- all of which contribute to its value for students. Starting with definitions of its aims and tools, the text proceeds to discussions of order statistics and their exceedances, exact distribution of extremes, and analytical study of extremes. Additional topics include the first asymptotic distribution; uses of the first, second, and third asymptotes; and the range. 1958 edition. 44 tables. 97 graphs.
The Philosophy of Set Theory
A century ago, Georg Cantor demonstrated the possibility of a series of transfinite infinite numbers. His methods, unorthodox for the time, enabled him to derive theorems that established a mathematical reality for a hierarchy of infinities. Cantor's innovation was opposed, and ignored, by the establishment; years later, the value of his work was recognized and appreciated as a landmark in mathematical thought, forming the beginning of set theory and the foundation for most of contemporary mathematics. As Cantor's sometime collaborator, David Hilbert, remarked, "No one will drive us from the paradise that Cantor has created." This volume offers a guided tour of modern mathematics' Garden of Eden, beginning with perspectives on the finite universe and classes and Aristotelian logic. Author Mary Tiles further examines permutations, combinations, and infinite cardinalities; numbering the continuum; Cantor's transfinite paradise; axiomatic set theory; logical objects and logical types; and independence results and the universe of sets. She concludes with views of the constructs and reality of mathematical structure. Philosophers with only a basic grounding in mathematics, as well as mathematicians who have taken only an introductory course in philosophy, will find an abundance of intriguing topics in this text, which is appropriate for undergraduate-and graduate-level courses.
Real-Variable Methods in Harmonic Analysis
This text starts with Fourier series, summability, norm convergence, and conjugate function. Additional topics include Hilbert transform, Paley theory, Cauchy integrals on Lipschitz curves, and boundary value problems. 1986 edition.
Chance and Chaos
How do scientists look at chance, or randomness, and chaos in physical systems? In answering this question for a general audience, Ruelle writes in the best French tradition: he has produced an authoritative and elegant book--a model of clarity, succinctness, and a humor bordering at times on the sardonic.
Sets, Functions, and Logic
Since its first edition published in 1981, Set, Function and Logic has smoothed the road to higher mathematics for legions of undergraduate students. Now in its third edition, the author--a leading popularizer of mathematics -- has fully revised his text to reflect a new generation. The narrative is more lively, less textbook-like. Remarks and asides link the various topics to the real world. The chapter on complex numbers and discussion of formal symbolic logic is gone in favor of a new introductory chapter on the nature of mathematics and more exercises. The result is an affordable, thoroughly engaging book that every student making the transition from high school to university mathematics will welcome.
Nonstandard Analysis
This wonderful little book by Alain Robert should bring about a complete change in the learning of NSA. The author has accomplished a rare feat in the educational literature. He has succeeded in writing a book which is simple and brilliant, deep and witty, short and far-ranging. This is mathematics teaching at its best." -- J.-M. L矇vy-Leblond, European Journal of PhysicsBrief and readable, this introduction to nonstandard analysis is based on the axiomatic IST (internal set theory) approach. The two-part treatment starts with a clear, rigorous exposition of theory, followed by self-contained chapters on applications. Exercises appear at the conclusion of each chapter, with hints in addition to full solutions. Theoretical topics include idealization, standardization and transfer, real numbers and numerical functions, continuity, differentiability, and integration. Chapters involving applications cover invariant means, approximation of functions, differential equations, perturbation of a Green function, and an invariant subspaces problem.
The Riemann Zeta-function
"A thorough and easily accessible account." -- MathSciNet, Mathematical Reviews on the Web, American Mathematical Society. This extensive survey presents a comprehensive and coherent account of Riemann zeta-function theory and applications. Starting with elementary theory, it examines exponential integrals and exponential sums, the Voronoi summation formula, the approximate functional equation, the fourth power moment, the zero-free region, mean value estimates over short intervals, higher power moments, and omega results. Additional topics include zeros on the critical line, zero-density estimates, the distribution of primes, the Dirichlet divisor problem and various other divisor problems, and Atkinson's formula for the mean square. End-of-chapter notes supply the history of each chapter's topic and allude to related results not covered by the book. 1985 edition.
Numerical Methods
"Substantial, detailed and rigorous . . . readers for whom the book is intended are admirably served." -- MathSciNet (Mathematical Reviews on the Web), American Mathematical Society. Practical text strikes fine balance between students' requirements for theoretical treatment and needs of practitioners, with best methods for large- and small-scale computing. Prerequisites are minimal (calculus, linear algebra, and preferably some acquaintance with computer programming). Text includes many worked examples, problems, and an extensive bibliography.
Wonders of Numbers
Who were the five strangest mathematicians in history? What are the ten most interesting numbers? Jam-packed with thought-provoking mathematical mysteries, puzzles, and games, Wonders of Numbers will enchant even the most left-brained of readers. Hosted by the quirky Dr. Googol--who resides on a remote island and occasionally collaborates with Clifford Pickover--Wonders of Numbers focuses on creativity and the delight of discovery. Here is a potpourri of common and unusual number theory problems of varying difficulty--each presented in brief chapters that convey to readers the essence of the problem rather than its extraneous history. Peppered throughout with illustrations that clarify the problems, Wonders of Numbers also includes fascinating "math gossip." How would we use numbers to communicate with aliens? Check out Chapter 30. Did you know that there is a Numerical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? You'll find it in Chapter 45. From the beautiful formula of India's most famous mathematician to the Leviathan number so big it makes a trillion look small, Dr. Googol's witty and straightforward approach to numbers will entice students, educators, and scientists alike to pick up a pencil and work a problem.
Basic Set Theory
Although this book deals with basic set theory (in general, it stops short of areas where model-theoretic methods are used) on a rather advanced level, it does it at an unhurried pace. This enables the author to pay close attention to interesting and important aspects of the topic that might otherwise be skipped over. Written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, the book is divided into two parts. The first covers pure set theory, including the basic notions, order and well-foundedness, cardinal numbers, the ordinals, and the axiom of choice and some of its consequences. The second part deals with applications and advanced topics, among them a review of point set topology, the real spaces, Boolean algebras, and infinite combinatorics and large cardinals. A helpful appendix deals with eliminability and conservation theorems, while numerous exercises supply additional information on the subject matter and help students test their grasp of the material. 1979 edition. 20 figures.
Algorithms for Minimization Without Derivatives
This outstanding text for graduate students and researchers proposes improvements to existing algorithms, extends their related mathematical theories, and offers details on new algorithms for approximating local and global minima. None of the algorithms requires an evaluation of derivatives; all depend entirely on sequential function evaluation, a highly practical scenario in the frequent event of difficult-to-evaluate derivatives.Topics include the use of successive interpolation for finding simple zeros of a function and its derivatives; an algorithm with guaranteed convergence for finding a minimum of a function of one variation; global minimization given an upper bound on the second derivative; and a new algorithm for minimizing a function of several variables without calculating derivatives. Many numerical examples augment the text, along with a complete analysis of rate of convergence for most algorithms and error bounds that allow for the effect of rounding errors.
Precalculus
The fastest, easiest way to master precalculus . . . by doing it!Do logarithmic functions throw you for a loop? Does the challenge of finding an inverse function leave you overwhelmed? Does the Law of Cosines make you feel clueless? With this helpful, easy-to-follow guide, you will gain total command of these precalc concepts-and many more-in no time at all.Precalculus: A Self-Teaching Guide includes an algebra review and complete coverage of exponential functions, log functions, and trigonometry. Whether you are studying precalculus for the first time, want to refresh your memory, or need a little help for a course, this clear, interactive primer will provide you with the skills you need. Precalculus offers a proven self-teaching approach that lets you work at your own pace-and the frequent self-tests and exercises reinforce what you've learned. Turn to this one-of-a-kind teaching tool and, before you know it, you'll be solving problems like a mathematician!
Essential Statistics
An introductory text for students taking a first course in statistics, Essential Statistics, Fourth Edition thoroughly updates and enhances the hugely successful third edition. It presents new information on modern statistical techniques, such as analysis of variance, and software such as Minitab. The author writes in his trademark easy-to-follow style and emphasizes the principles and assumptions underlying the statistical methods. Keeping complex mathematical theory to a minimum, he presents a wealth of fully explained, worked examples. End-of-chapter worksheets relate to a variety of fields and illustrate the relevance of the methods to a broad range of disciplines.
Evolutionary Computation 1
The field of evolutionary computation is expanding dramatically, fueled by the vast investment that reflects the value of applying its techniques. Culling material from the Handbook of Evolutionary Computation, Evolutionary Computation 1: Basic Algorithms and Operators contains up-to-date information on algorithms and operators used in evolutionary computing. This volume discusses the basic ideas that underlie the main paradigms of evolutionary algorithms, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic programming. It is intended to be used by individual researchers, teachers, and students working and studying in this expanding field.
Schaum's Outline of Elements of Statistics I: Descriptive Statistics and Probability
Tough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time?Fortunately for you, there's Schaum's Outlines. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This Schaum's Outline gives youPractice problems with full explanations that reinforce knowledgeCoverage of the most up-to-date developments in your course fieldIn-depth review of practices and applicationsFully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time-and get your best test scores!Schaum's Outlines-Problem Solved.
How to Think About Statistics
An easy, logical way to make sense of the numbers and data you encounter every day.
Moral Calculations
What does game theory tell us about rational behavior? Is there such a thing as rational behavior, and if so, is it of any use to us? In this fascinating book, reknowned Hungarian economist Laszlo Mero shows how game theory illuminates such aspects of human psychology as altruism, competition, and politics, as well as its relevance to disparate fields such as physics and evolutionary biology. He concludes by comparing the roles of rationality and irrationality in what we call "wisdom." This wonderful book is for everyone who wonders what mathematics can tell us about the human condition.
Functional Analysis
Excellent treatment of the subject geared toward students with background in linear algebra, advanced calculus, physics and engineering. Text covers introduction to inner-product spaces, normed and metric spaces, and topological spaces; complete orthonormal sets, the Hahn-Banach theorem and its consequences, spectral notions, square roots, a spectral decomposition theorem, and many other related subjects. Chapters conclude with exercises intended to test and reinforce reader's understanding of text material. A glossary of definitions, detailed proofs of theorems, bibliography, and index of symbols round out this comprehensive text. 1966 edition.
Galois Theory
In the nineteenth century, French mathematician Evariste Galois developed the Galois theory of groups-one of the most penetrating concepts in modem mathematics. The elements of the theory are clearly presented in this second, revised edition of a volume of lectures delivered by noted mathematician Emil Artin. The book has been edited by Dr. Arthur N. Milgram, who has also supplemented the work with a Section on Applications.The first section deals with linear algebra, including fields, vector spaces, homogeneous linear equations, determinants, and other topics. A second section considers extension fields, polynomials, algebraic elements, splitting fields, group characters, normal extensions, roots of unity, Noether equations, Jummer's fields, and more.Dr. Milgram's section on applications discusses solvable groups, permutation groups, solution of equations by radicals, and other concepts.
Information Theory and Statistics
Highly useful text studies logarithmic measures of information and their application to testing statistical hypotheses. Includes numerous worked examples and problems. References. Glossary. Appendix.
Game Theory
"A lucid and penetrating development of game theory that will appeal to the intuition . . . a most valuable contribution." -- Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of G繹del, Escher, BachThe foundations of game theory were laid by John von Neumann, who in 1928 proved the basic minimax theorem, and with the 1944 publication of the Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, the field was established. Since then, game theory has become an enormously important discipline because of its novel mathematical properties and its many applications to social, economic, and political problems.Game theory has been used to make investment decisions, pick jurors, commit tanks to battle, allocate business expenses equitably -- even to measure a senator's power, among many other uses. In this revised edition of his highly regarded work, Morton Davis begins with an overview of game theory, then discusses the two-person zero-sum game with equilibrium points; the general, two-person zero-sum game; utility theory; the two-person, non-zero-sum game; and the n-person game.A number of problems are posed at the start of each chapter and readers are given a chance to solve them before moving on. (Unlike most mathematical problems, many problems in game theory are easily understood by the lay reader.) At the end of the chapter, where solutions are discussed, readers can compare their "common sense" solutions with those of the author. Brimming with applications to an enormous variety of everyday situations, this book offers readers a fascinating, accessible introduction to one of the most fruitful and interesting intellectual systems of our time.
Continued Fractions
In this elementary-level text, eminent Soviet mathematician A. Ya. Khinchin offers a superb introduction to the positive-integral elements of the theory of continued functions, a special algorithm that is one of the most important tools in analysis, probability theory, mechanics, and, especially, number theory.Presented in a clear, straightforward manner, the book comprises three major chapters: the properties of the apparatus, the representation of numbers by continued fractions and the measure theory of continued fractions. The last chapter is somewhat more advanced and deals with the metric, or probability, theory of continued fractions, an important field developed almost entirely by Soviet mathematicians, including Khinchin.The present volume reprints an English translation of the third Russian edition published in 1961. It is not only an excellent introduction to the study of continued fractions, but a stimulating consideration of the profound and interesting problems of the measure theory of numbers.
Schaum's Outline of Graph Theory: Including Hundreds of Solved Problems
Confusing Textbooks? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time?Fortunately for you, there's Schaum's Outlines. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This Schaum's Outline gives youPractice problems with full explanations that reinforce knowledgeCoverage of the most up-to-date developments in your course fieldIn-depth review of practices and applicationsFully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time-and get your best test scores!Schaum's Outlines-Problem Solved.
Catastrophe Theory and Its Applications
This first integrated treatment of the main ideas behind Ren矇 Thom's theory of catastrophes aims to make them accessible to scientists wishing to apply the theory in their own fields of research. The mathematical basis of the theory is therefore explained with a minimum of technicalities, although some knowledge of the calculus of variables is assumed.Thom's now-famous list of seven elementary catastrophes, broadly classifying various types of discontinuous change, is elucidated, as are the reasons for its appearance. Nearly half the book concentrates on detailed applications of the theory, emphasizing its uses in the physical sciences where applications can be made quantitative and can be experimentally verified. The more controversial and speculative applications to areas in the social sciences are also mentioned, but not discussed in detail.Over 200 illustrations help clarify the ideas and applications in this volume, which will be of interest to researchers and postgraduate students in such diverse disciplines as engineering, mathematics, physics, and biology. 1978 edition. Bibliography.
Theory of Functions
This is a one-volume edition of Parts I and II of the classic five-volume set The Theory of Functions prepared by renowned mathematician Konrad Knopp. Concise, easy to follow, yet complete and rigorous, the work includes full demonstrations and detailed proofs.Part I stresses the general foundation of the theory of functions, providing the student with background for further books on a more advanced level.Part II places major emphasis on special functions and characteristic, important types of functions, selected from single-valued and multiple-valued classes.
Introductory Discrete Mathematics
This concise text offers an introduction to discrete mathematics for undergraduate students in computer science and mathematics. Mathematics educators consider it vital that their students be exposed to a course in discrete methods that introduces them to combinatorial mathematics and to algebraic and logical structures focusing on the interplay between computer science and mathematics. The present volume emphasizes combinatorics, graph theory with applications to some stand network optimization problems, and algorithms to solve these problems.Chapters 0-3 cover fundamental operations involving sets and the principle of mathematical induction, and standard combinatorial topics: basic counting principles, permutations, combinations, the inclusion-exclusion principle, generating functions, recurrence relations, and an introduction to the analysis of algorithms. Applications are emphasized wherever possible and more than 200 exercises at the ends of these chapters help students test their grasp of the material.Chapters 4 and 5 survey graphs and digraphs, including their connectedness properties, applications of graph coloring, and more, with stress on applications to coding and other related problems. Two important problems in network optimization ― the minimal spanning tree problem and the shortest distance problem ― are covered in the last two chapters. A very brief nontechnical exposition of the theory of computational complexity and NP-completeness is outlined in the appendix.
Elementary Theory of Analytic Functions of One or Several Complex Variables
Noted mathematician offers basic treatment of theory of analytic functions of a complex variable, touching on analytic functions of several real or complex variables as well as the existence theorem for solutions of differential systems where data is analytic. Also included is a systematic, though elementary, exposition of theory of abstract complex manifolds of one complex dimension. Topics include power series in one variable, holomorphic functions, Cauchy's integral, more. Exercises. 1973 edition.
An Introduction to Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Series
This book arose out of the authors' desire to present Lebesgue integration and Fourier series on an undergraduate level, since most undergraduate texts do not cover this material or do so in a cursory way. The result is a clear, concise, well-organized introduction to such topics as the Riemann integral, measurable sets, properties of measurable sets, measurable functions, the Lebesgue integral, convergence and the Lebesgue integral, pointwise convergence of Fourier series and other subjects.The authors not only cover these topics in a useful and thorough way, they have taken pains to motivate the student by keeping the goals of the theory always in sight, justifying each step of the development in terms of those goals. In addition, whenever possible, new concepts are related to concepts already in the student's repertoire.Finally, to enable readers to test their grasp of the material, the text is supplemented by numerous examples and exercises. Mathematics students as well as students of engineering and science will find here a superb treatment, carefully thought out and well presented, that is ideal for a one semester course. The only prerequisite is a basic knowledge of advanced calculus, including the notions of compactness, continuity, uniform convergence and Riemann integration.
An Introduction to Information Theory
Written for an engineering audience, this book has a threefold purpose: (1) to present elements of modern probability theory -- discrete, continuous, and stochastic; (2) to present elements of information theory with emphasis on its basic roots in probability theory; and (3) to present elements of coding theory.The emphasis throughout the book is on such basic concepts as sets, the probability measure associated with sets, sample space, random variables, information measure, and capacity. These concepts proceed from set theory to probability theory and then to information and coding theories. No formal prerequisites are required other than the usual undergraduate mathematics included in an engineering or science program. However, since these programs may not include a course in probability, the author presents an introductory treatment of probability for those who wish to pursue the general study of statistical theory of communications. The book is divided into four parts: memoryless discrete themes, memoryless continuum, schemes with memory, and an outline of some recent developments. An appendix contains notes to help familiarize the reader with the literature in the field, while the inclusion of many reference tables and an extensive bibliography with some 200 entries makes this an excellent resource for any student in the field.
How to Lie with Statistics
From distorted graphs and biased samples to misleading averages, there are countless statistical dodges that lend cover to anyone with an ax to grind or a product to sell. With abundant examples and illustrations, Darrell Huff's lively and engaging primer clarifies the basic principles of statistics and explains how they're used to present information in honest and not-so-honest ways. Now even more indispensable in our data-driven world than it was when first published, How to Lie with Statistics is the book that generations of readers have relied on to keep from being fooled.
Introduction to Probability
For centuries, humans lived with the "uncertainties" of everyday life, unaware of probability theory and how it might be applied to the solution of simple problems of daily living or used to study the laws of nature. It was not until the advent of the scientific method with its emphasis on observation and experimentation that people began to think about the role probability might play in areas of life that once seemed ruled by blind chance. Today, of course, probability theory is the basis of statistics and game theory, and can be immensely useful to anyone engaged in business, the social and physical sciences, and many other areas of endeavor.This volume demonstrates that the study of probability can be fun, challenging, and relevant -- both to daily life and to modern scientific thought. Lucid, well-written chapters introduce the reader to the concept of possibilities, including combinations and permutations; probabilities, expectations (utility, decision making, more), events, rules of probability, conditional probabilities, probability distributions, the law of large numbers, including Chebyshev's theorem, and more.Numerous exercises throughout the text are designed to reinforce the methods and ideas explained in the book. Answers to the odd-numbered exercises are provided. A bibliography and summary round out this valuable introduction that will be of great help to anyone engaged in business, social sciences, statistical work, game theory, or just the business of living.
Introduction to Formal Languages
This carefully written introductory treatment covers all areas of mainstream formal language theory, including operations on languages, context-sensitive languages, automata, decidability, and syntax analysis, as well as the first complete discussion of derivation languages. It features numerous worked examples, problem exercises, and elegant mathematical proofs for almost all theorems. 1983 edition.
Principles and Techniques of Applied Mathematics
Stimulating, thought-provoking study shows how abstract methods of pure mathematics can be used to systematize problem-solving techniques in applied mathematics. Topics include methods for solving integral equations, finding Green's function for ordinary or partial differential equations, and for finding the spectral representation of ordinary differential operators. Problems. Appendices. Bibliography.
Differential Forms With Applications to the Physical Sciences
"To the reader who wishes to obtain a bird's-eye view of the theory of differential forms with applications to other branches of pure mathematics, applied mathematic and physics, I can recommend no better book." -- T. J. Willmore, London Mathematical Society Journal.This excellent text introduces the use of exterior differential forms as a powerful tool in the analysis of a variety of mathematical problems in the physical and engineering sciences. Requiring familiarity with several variable calculus and some knowledge of linear algebra and set theory, it is directed primarily to engineers and physical scientists, but it has also been used successfully to introduce modern differential geometry to students in mathematics.Chapter I introduces exterior differential forms and their comparisons with tensors. The next three chapters take up exterior algebra, the exterior derivative and their applications. Chapter V discusses manifolds and integration, and Chapter VI covers applications in Euclidean space. The last three chapters explore applications to differential equations, differential geometry, and group theory."The book is very readable, indeed, enjoyable -- and, although addressed to engineers and scientists, should be not at all inaccessible to or inappropriate for ... first year graduate students and bright undergraduates." -- F. E. J. Linton, Wesleyan University, American Mathematical Monthly.
Experiments in Topology
"A mathematician named KleinThought the Moebius band was divine.Said he: 'If you glueThe edges of two, You'll get a weird bottle like mine.' " -- Stephen Barr In this lively book, the classic in its field, a master of recreational topology invites readers to venture into such tantalizing topological realms as continuity and connectedness via the Klein bottle and the Moebius strip. Beginning with a definition of topology and a discussion of Euler's theorem, Mr. Barr brings wit and clarity to these topics: New Surfaces (Orientability, Dimension, The Klein Bottle, etc.)The Shortest Moebius StripThe Conical Moebius StripThe Klein BottleThe Projective Plane (Symmetry)Map ColoringNetworks (Koenigsberg Bridges, Betti Numbers, Knots)The Trial of the Punctured TorusContinuity and Discreteness ("Next Number," Continuity, Neighborhoods, Limit Points)Sets (Valid or Merely True? Venn Diagrams, Open and Closed Sets, Transformations, Mapping, Homotopy) With this book and a square sheet of paper, the reader can make paper Klein bottles, step by step; then, by intersecting or cutting the bottle, make Moebius strips. Conical Moebius strips, projective planes, the principle of map coloring, the classic problem of the Koenigsberg bridges, and many more aspects of topology are carefully and concisely illuminated by the author's informal and entertaining approach.Now in this inexpensive paperback edition, Experiments in Topology belongs in the library of any math enthusiast with a taste for brainteasing adventures in the byways of mathematics.
Inequalities
This classic of the mathematical literature forms a comprehensive study of the inequalities used throughout mathematics. First published in 1934, it presents clearly and lucidly both the statement and proof of all the standard inequalities of analysis. The authors were well-known for their powers of exposition and made this subject accessible to a wide audience of mathematicians.
Asymptotic Expansions
Originally prepared for the Office of Naval Research, this important monograph introduces various methods for the asymptotic evaluation of integrals containing a large parameter, and solutions of ordinary linear differential equations by means of asymptotic expansions. Author's preface. Bibliography.
Challenging Mathematical Problems With Elementary Solutions
Designed for advanced high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, mathematics teachers, and any lover of mathematical challenges, this two-volume set offers a broad spectrum of challenging problems -- ranging from relatively simple to extremely difficult. Indeed, some rank among the finest achievements of outstanding mathematicians.Translated from a well-known Russian work entitled Non-Elementary Problems in an Elementary Exposition, the chief aim of the book is to acquaint the readers with a variety of new mathematical facts, ideas, and methods. And while the majority of the problems represent questions in higher ("non-elementary") mathematics, most can be solved with elementary mathematics. In fact, for the most part, no knowledge of mathematics beyond a good high school course is required.Volume One contains 100 problems, with detailed solutions, all dealing with probability theory and combinatorial analysis. Topics include the representation of integers as sums and products, combinatorial problems on the chessboard, geometric problems on combinatorial analysis, problems on the binomial coefficients, problems on computing probabilities, experiments with infinitely many possible outcomes, and experiments with a continuum of possible outcomes.Volume Two contains 74 problems from various branches of mathematics, dealing with such topics as points and lines, lattices of points in the plane, topology, convex polygons, distribution of objects, nondecimal counting, theory of primes, and more. In both volumes the statements of the problems are given first, followed by a section giving complete solutions. Answers and hints are given at the end of the book.Ideal as a text, for self-study, or as a working resource for a mathematics club, this wide-ranging compilation offers 174 carefully chosen problems that will test the mathematical acuity and problem-solving skills of almost any student, teacher, or mathematician.
Challenging Mathematical Problems With Elementary Solutions
Designed for advanced high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, mathematics teachers, and any lover of mathematical challenges, this two-volume set offers a broad spectrum of challenging problems -- ranging from relatively simple to extremely difficult. Indeed, some rank among the finest achievements of outstanding mathematicians.Translated from a well-known Russian work entitled Non-Elementary Problems in an Elementary Exposition, the chief aim of the book is to acquaint the readers with a variety of new mathematical facts, ideas, and methods. And while the majority of the problems represent questions in higher ("non-elementary") mathematics, most can be solved with elementary mathematics. In fact, for the most part, no knowledge of mathematics beyond a good high school course is required.Volume One contains 100 problems, with detailed solutions, all dealing with probability theory and combinatorial analysis. Topics include the representation of integers as sums and products, combinatorial problems on the chessboard, geometric problems on combinatorial analysis, problems on the binomial coefficients, problems on computing probabilities, experiments with infinitely many possible outcomes, and experiments with a continuum of possible outcomes.Volume Two contains 74 problems from various branches of mathematics, dealing with such topics as points and lines, lattices of points in the plane, topology, convex polygons, distribution of objects, nondecimal counting, theory of primes, and more. In both volumes the statements of the problems are given first, followed by a section giving complete solutions. Answers and hints are given at the end of the book.Ideal as a text, for self-study, or as a working resource for a mathematics club, this wide-ranging compilation offers 174 carefully chosen problems that will test the mathematical acuity and problem-solving skills of almost any student, teacher, or mathematician.
Elementary Decision Theory
Beginners will find this well-respected introduction to statistics and statistical theory a motivating introduction to important mathematical notions such as set, function, and convexity. Other topics include data processing, probability, and random variables, models, testing hypotheses, and much more. Clearly written, brief, well-indexed, and abundantly equipped with exercise material. 1959 edition.
Statistical Method from the Viewpoint of Quality Control
The application of statistical methods in mass production make possible the most efficient use of raw materials and manufacturing processes, economical production, and the highest standards of quality for manufactured goods. In this classic volume, based on a series of ground-breaking lectures given to the Graduate School of the Department of Agriculture in 1938, Dr. Shewhart illuminated the fundamental principles and techniques basic to the efficient use of statistical method in attaining statistical control, establishing tolerance limits, presenting data, and specifying accuracy and precision.In the first chapter, devoted to statistical control, the author broadly defines the three steps in quality control: specification, production, and inspection; then outlines the historical background of quality control. This is followed by a rigorous discussion of the physical and mathematical states of statistical control, statistical control as an operation, the significance of statistical control and the future of statistics in mass production.Chapter II offers a thought-provoking treatment of the problem of establishing limits of variability, including the meaning of tolerance limits, establishing tolerance limits in the simplest cases and in practical cases, and standard methods of measuring. Chapter III explores the presentation of measurements of physical properties and constants. Among the topics considered are measurements presented as original data, characteristics of original data, summarizing original data (both by symmetric functions and by Tchebycheff's theorem), measurement presented as meaningful predictions, and measurement presented as knowledge.Finally, Dr. Shewhart deals with the problem of specifying accuracy and precision -- the meaning of accuracy and precision, operational meaning, verifiable procedures, minimum quantity of evidence needed for forming a judgment and more.Now available for the first time in this inexpensive paperbound format, this highly respected study will be welcomed by mathematics students, engineers, researchers in industry and agriculture -- anyone in need of a lucid, well-written explanation of how to regulate variable and maintain control over statistics in order to achieve quality control over manufactured products, crops, and data.
An Introduction to Matrices, Sets and Groups for Science Students
This outstanding text offers undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and engineering a concise, readable introduction to matrices, sets, and groups. Concentrating mainly on matrix theory, the book is virtually self-contained, requiring a minimum of mathematical knowledge and providing all the background necessary to develop a thorough comprehension of the subject. Beginning with a chapter on sets, mappings, and transformations, the treatment advances to considerations of matrix algebra, inverse and related matrices, and systems of linear algebraic equations. Additional topics include eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalisation and functions of matrices, and group theory. Each chapter contains a selection of worked examples and many problems with answers, enabling readers to test their understanding and ability to apply concepts.
Introduction to Analysis
This well-written text provides excellent instruction in basic real analysis, giving a solid foundation for direct entry into advanced work in such fields as complex analysis, differential equations, integration theory, and general topology. The nominal prerequisite is a year of calculus, but actually nothing is assumed other than the axioms of the real number system. Because of its clarity, simplicity of exposition, and stress on easier examples, this material is accessible to a wide range of students, of both mathematics and other fields.Chapter headings include notions from set theory, the real number system, metric spaces, continuous functions, differentiation, Riemann integration, interchange of limit operations, the method of successive approximations, partial differentiation, and multiple integrals.Following some introductory material on very basic set theory and the deduction of the most important properties of the real number system from its axioms, Professor Rosenlicht gets to the heart of the book: a rigorous and carefully presented discussion of metric spaces and continuous functions, including such topics as open and closed sets, limits and continuity, and convergent sequence of points and of functions. Subsequent chapters cover smoothly and efficiently the relevant aspects of elementary calculus together with several somewhat more advanced subjects, such as multivariable calculus and existence theorems. The exercises include both easy problems and more difficult ones, interesting examples and counter examples, and a number of more advanced results.Introduction to Analysis lends itself to a one- or two-quarter or one-semester course at the undergraduate level. It grew out of a course given at Berkeley since 1960. Refinement through extensive classroom use and the author's pedagogical experience and expertise make it an unusually accessible introductory text.
Complex Analysis With Applications
This basic book on functions of a complex variable represents the irreducible minimum of what every scientist and engineer should know about this important subject. From a preliminary discussion of complex numbers and functions to key topics such as the Cauchy theory, power series, and residues, distinguished mathematical writer Richard Silverman presents the fundamentals of complex analysis in a concise manner designed not to overwhelm the beginner. The author's lively style and simplicity of approach enable the reader to grasp essential topics without being distracted by secondary issues.Contents include: Complex Numbers; Some Special Mapping; Limits in the Complex Plane; Multiple-Valued Functions' Complex Functions; Taylor Series; Differentiation in the Complex Plane; Laurent Series; Integration in the Complex Plane; Applications of Residues; Complex Series; Mapping of Polygonal Domains; Power Series; and Some Physical Applications.Abundant exercise material and examples, as well as section-by-section comments at the end of each chapter make this book especially valuable to students and anyone encountering complex analysis for the first time.
