Scams, Hacking, and Cybersecurity
The internet is a powerful tool connecting us in ways unimaginable just a few decades ago. However, it also harbors risks-cyber scams, cyber crimes, and hidden dangers lurking on the dark web. Hackers and cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities to steal data, commit identity theft, and manipulate systems using social engineering.But how safe are we online? Should we avoid the digital world entirely? Not at all. Just like real-world dangers, we can navigate online security risks with the right tools and knowledge.This cybersecurity bible is the ultimate guide to protecting yourself in the digital landscape. Whether you're looking for cybersecurity for beginners, insights into cyber hacking and the law, or best cybersecurity books to improve your internet safety, this book equips you with practical tools and strategies.You'll learn how to: Shield yourself from scams, phishing scams, and cybercrimes while securing your data.Build strong defenses against hackers and cyber threats.Safeguard your privacy and master internet safety across social media platforms.Implement cyber safety for seniors tips to protect vulnerable users.Understand cyber threat intelligence and navigate the dark web for dummies.Written by cybersecurity expert May Brooks-Kempler, whose passion for cybersecurity awareness began in the 1990s while exploring hacking communities, this cybersecurity for dummies 2024 guide blends storytelling with actionable strategies. It's not just another cyber security book-it's your practical anti-hacking guide to navigating the digital age safely."Scams, Hacking, and Cybersecurity is an essential cyber security book for anyone looking to understand the human side of cybersecurity. May Brooks is the perfect guide through this complex landscape, offering insights and advice that are both relevant and timely." -Keren Elazari, The Friendly Hacker"I couldn't put this book down. May's storytelling not only exposes the emotional aspect of cyber risks but also provides practical cybersecurity tools and techniques to enhance your security posture immediately." -Clar Rosso, CEO, ISC2Don't leave your online security to chance. Equip yourself with the ultimate cyber security bible and learn how to protect yourself from cybercrime, safeguard your privacy, and stay safe in the ever-evolving digital world.
From Day Zero to Zero Day
Find vulnerabilities before anyone else does. Zero days aren't magic--they're missed opportunities. From Day Zero to Zero Day teaches you how to find them before anyone else does. In this hands-on guide, award-winning white-hat hacker Eugene "Spaceraccoon" Lim breaks down the real-world process of vulnerability discovery. You'll retrace the steps behind past CVEs, analyze open source and embedded targets, and build a repeatable workflow for uncovering critical flaws in code. Whether you're new to vulnerability research or sharpening an existing skill set, this book will show you how to think--and work--like a bug hunter. You'll learn how to: Identify promising targets across codebases, protocols, and file formats. Trace code paths with taint analysis and map attack surfaces with precision.Reverse engineer binaries using Ghidra, Frida, and angr.Apply coverage-guided fuzzing, symbolic execution, and variant analysis.Build and validate proof-of-concept exploits to demonstrate real-world impact.More than a toolkit, this is a window into how top vulnerability researchers approach the work. You'll gain not just techniques but also the mindset to go deeper, ask better questions, and find what others miss. If you're ready to stop reading write-ups and start writing them, From Day Zero to Zero Day is your guide.
AI Ethics
As machines grow smarter, the real challenge isn't what AI can do-but what it should do. This urgent and thought-provoking guide tackles the pressing ethical questions surrounding artificial intelligence, from bias in algorithms to the moral implications of autonomous systems. It explores how our values, laws, and philosophical frameworks must evolve in tandem with machines that now make decisions about healthcare, security, employment, and human identity. Inside, you'll uncover: - The hidden biases coded into AI systems and their real-world impacts - What accountability looks like in machine-led decision-making - How ancient moral philosophy applies to futuristic tech - The dangers of unchecked automation and ethical "outsourcing" - The frameworks emerging to build a more transparent and fair digital future Perfect for tech professionals, policy thinkers, and curious citizens, this book offers a clear, accessible, and deeply reflective journey through the ethical maze of our AI-driven era. It will equip readers to ask smarter questions, challenge passive adoption, and advocate for a future where humanity stays at the centre of innovation.
AI Rookies Labs Beginning NLP with Orange
Master text analytics and natural language processing-one lab at a time.This lab-based workbook is your beginner-friendly path to learning text analytics and NLP with Orange Data Mining's visual workflows. You'll work hands-on with real data and clear examples as you move from tokenization and stop word removal to sentiment analysis, topic modeling, classification, embeddings, and more.Each lab guides you step by step-building workflows, connecting components, interpreting results-no programming required. Whether you're a student, instructor, or data-curious learner, this book helps you build real skills in text mining and natural language processing using Orange.If you want to learn by doing, this is your starting point.
AI Rookies Labs Learn Text Analytics and NLP using R
Master text analytics and natural language processing-one lab at a time.This lab-based workbook is your no-fluff, beginner-friendly path to learning text analytics and NLP using real R code. You'll work hands-on with real data and clear examples as you move from tokenization and stopword removal to sentiment analysis, topic modeling, classification, embeddings, and more.Each lab walks you through the entire process-installing packages, running code, understanding output-without assuming any prior programming experience. Whether you're a student, instructor, or data-curious learner, this book helps you build real skills in text mining and natural language processing using R and RStudio.If you want to learn by doing, not just reading, this is your starting point.Extensive resources and supplements are available from the publisher (code, data, slides and more) for teaching and self study.
A smart Healthcare System
The book "Smart Healthcare Systems: Reducing False Predictions of Chronic Diseases Using IoT and Machine Learning" presents an innovative, cost-effective IoT-based Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (IABPM) system aimed at real-time tracking and early detection of Chronic Heart Disease (CHD). It leverages wearable sensors and cloud integration to record blood pressure and pulse data throughout the day, enhancing patient mobility and care. The system applies ML algorithms like Na簿ve Bayes, KNN, Decision Tree, SVM, and XGBoost to clinical datasets (SMHRCE and Kaggle) to predict Early Warning Scores (EWS). The proposed model shows high accuracy (up to 99.85%) and helps reduce healthcare costs, support proactive intervention, and improve diagnostic precision. The project bridges gaps in traditional ABPM systems by offering continuous monitoring, automated alerts, and cloud accessibility-paving the way for improved chronic disease management through technology integration.
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th TPC Technology Conference on Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking, TPCTC 2024, held in Guangzhou, China, during August 30, 2024. The 7 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 12 submissions. The proceedings also include one invited talk and one paper based on a panel discussion with industry and academic leaders. The book focusses on providing vendors with a valuable tool to showcase the performance competitiveness of their current offerings while also aiding in the enhancement and tracking of products still in development.
Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networks and Systems
This two-volume set LNCS 15554 and LNCS 15555 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, NEW2AN 2024, and the 17th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2024, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, during December 11-12, 2024.The 48 full papers included in the joint proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 354 submissions. They address various aspects of next-generation data networks, with special attention to advanced wireless networking and applications. In particular, novel and innovative approaches to performance and effciency analysis of 5G and beyond systems, advanced queuing theory, and machine learning are demonstrated. Additionally, the papers focus on the Internet of Things, optics, signal processing, as well as digital Economy and business aspects.
Red Team Engineering
Stop Relying on Black Box Tools and Start Building Your Own. Offensive security isn't just about running scripts; it's about implementing engineering solutions. Red Team Engineering will show you how to transition from penetration tester to red team operator--taking you beyond the basics of exploitation to teach you the "how" of professional offensive development and infrastructure engineering. Casey Erdmann, an experienced red team operator, guides you through the complete development life cycle of a modern cyber operation. Using a project-based approach, you'll engineer a complete offensive arsenal as you: Build full-stack credential harvesting apps with HTML, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL.Create brute-force and password-spraying tools in Python to attack SMB services.Use Go to craft custom ransomware with encryption/decryption logic.Abandon manual server setups for reproducible, disposable infrastructure.Deploy C2 servers, redirectors, and phishing infrastructure on AWS.You'll also learn how to: Tunnel through firewalls with reverse VPNs using OpenVPN and PiVPN.Manage fleet configurations at scale with Salt Project.Simulate execution of end-to-end scenarios like deploying a physical "dropbox."Whether your goal is to understand the enemy or to level up your penetration testing skills, Red Team Engineering will show you how to build professional-grade hacking tools that get the job done.
Cyberspace
In the last century, the United States was protected from a direct physical attack by its adversaries due to its geographic isolation. However, today any adversary with sufficient capability can exploit vulnerabilities in the United States' critical network infrastructures using cyber warfare and leverage physical attacks to significantly impact the lives of its citizens and erode their confidence in its ability to protect their way of life. This AY-10 student research paper provides information to assist senior leaders working to prevent or to minimize the effects of future cyber attacks by a nation state or non-state actor against the United States' critical network infrastructures.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Study of Quality of Service Communication for High-Speed Packet-Switching Computer Sub-Networks
In this thesis, we analyze various factors that affect quality of service (QoS) communication in high-speed, packet-switching sub-networks. We hypothesize that sub-network-wide bandwidth reservation and guaranteed CPU processing power at endpoint systems for handling data traffic are indispensable to achieving hard end-to-end quality of service. Different bandwidth reservation strategies, traffic characterization schemes, and scheduling algorithms affect the network resources and CPU usage as well as the extent that QoS can be achieved. In order to analyze those factors, we design and implement a communication layer. Our experimental analysis supports our research hypothesis. The Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) is designed to realize resource reservation. Our analysis of RSVP shows that using RSVP solely is insufficient to provide hard end-to-end quality of service in a high-speed sub-network. Analysis of the IEEE 802.lp protocol also supports the research hypothesis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Supplementing an Ad Hoc Wireless Network Routing Protocol With Radio Frequency Identification Tags
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a broad and varied range of applications, yet all of these are limited by the resources available to the sensor nodes that make up the WSN. The most significant resource is energy; a WSN may be deployed to an inhospitable or unreachable area leaving it with a non-replenishable power source. This research examines a technique of reducing energy consumption by augmenting the nodes with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that contain routing information. It was expected that RFID tags would reduce the network throughput, AODV routing traffic sent, and the amount of energy consumed. However, RFID tags have little effect on the network throughput or the AODV routing traffic sent. They also increase ETE delays in sparse networks as well as the amount of energy consumed in both sparse and dense networks. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the amount of user data throughput received. The density of the network is shown to have an effect on the variation of the data but the trends are the same for both sparse and dense networks. This counter-intuitive result is explained and conditions for such a scheme to be effective are discussed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Enabling Intrusion Detection in IPSec Protected IPv6 Networks Through Secret-Key Sharing
As the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) implementation becomes more widespread, the IP Security (IPSec) features embedded into the next-generation protocol will become more accessible than ever. Though the networklayer encryption provided by IPSec is a boon to data security, its use renders standard network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) useless. The problem of performing intrusion detection on encrypted traffic has been addressed by differing means with each technique requiring one or more static secret keys to be shared with the NIDS beforehand.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity on the Reliability and Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) presents unique challenges not encountered in conventional networks. Limitations in bandwidth and power as well as a dynamic network topology must all be addressed in MANET routing protocols. Predicted Associativity Routing (PAR) is a custom routing protocol designed to address reliability in MANETs. By collecting associativity information on links, PAR calculates the expected lifetime of neighboring links. During route discovery, nodes use this expected lifetime, and their neighbor's connectivity to determine a residual lifetime. The routes are selected from those with the longest remaining lifetimes. Thus, PAR attempts to extend the duration routes are active, thereby improving their reliability. PAR is compared to Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) using a variety of reliability and performance metrics. Despite its focus on reliability, PAR does not provide more reliable routes. Rather, AODV produces routes which last as much as three times longer than PAR. However PAR, even with shorter lasting routes, delivers more data and has greater throughput. Both protocols are affected most by the node density of the networks. Node density accounts for 48.62% of the variation in route lifetime in AODV, and 70.66% of the variation in PAR. As node density increases from 25 to 75 nodes route lifetimes are halved, while throughput increases drastically with the increased routing overhead. Furthermore, PAR increases end-to-end delay, while AODV displays better efficiency.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Secureqemu
This research presents an original emulation-based software protection scheme providing protection from reverse code engineering (RCE) and software exploitation using encrypted code execution and page-granularity code signing, respectively. Protection mechanisms execute in trusted emulators while remaining out-of-band of untrusted systems being emulated. This protection scheme is called SecureQEMU and is based on a modi ed version of Quick Emulator (QEMU). RCE is a process that uncovers the internal workings of a program. It is used during vulnerability and intellectual property (IP) discovery. To protect from RCE program code may have anti-disassembly, anti-debugging, and obfuscation techniques incorporated. These techniques slow the process of RCE, however, once defeated protected code is still comprehensible.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
What Senior Leaders Need to Know About Cyberspace
What must senior security leaders know about cyberspace to transform their organizations and make wise decisions? How does the enduring cyberspace process interact with and transform organizations, technology, and people, and, in turn, how do they transform cyberspace itself? To evaluate these questions, this essay establishes the enduring nature of the cyberspace process and compares this relative constant to transformation of organizations and people. Each section discussing these areas provides an assessment of their status as well as identifies key issues for senior security leaders to comprehend now and work to resolve in the future. Specific issues include viewing cyberspace as a new strategic common akin to the sea, comparing effectiveness of existing hierarchies in achieving cybersecurity against networked adversaries, and balancing efficiency and effectiveness of security against the universal laws of privacy and human rights.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Automating Security Protocol Analysis
When Roger Needham and Michael Schroeder first introduced a seemingly secure protocol [24], it took over 18 years to discover that even with the most secure encryption, the conversations using this protocol were still subject to penetration. To date, there is still no one protocol that is accepted for universal use. Because of this, analysis of the protocol outside the encryption is becoming more important. Recent work by Joshua Guttman and others [9] have identified several properties that good protocols often exhibit. Termed "Authentication Tests", these properties have been very useful in examining protocols. The purpose of this research is to automate these tests and thus help expedite the analysis of both existing and future protocols. The success of this research is shown through rapid analysis of numerous protocols for the existence of authentication tests. The result of this is that an analyst is now able to ascertain in near real-time whether or not a proposed protocol is of a sound design or whether an existing protocol may contain previously unknown weaknesses. The other achievement of this research is the generality of the input process involved. Although there exist other protocol analyzers, their use is limited primarily due to their complexity of use. With the tool generated here, an analyst needs only to enter their protocol into a standard text file; and almost immediately, the analyzer determines the existence of the authentication tests.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance Analysis of Protocol Independent Multicasting-Dense Mode in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks
This research explored the implementation of Protocol Independent Multicasting - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) in a LEO satellite constellation. PIM-DM is a terrestrial protocol for distributing traffic efficiently between subscriber nodes by combining data streams into a tree-based structure, spreading from the root of the tree to the branches. Using this structure, a minimum number of connections are required to transfer data, decreasing the load on intermediate satellite routers. The PIM-DM protocol was developed for terrestrial systems and this research implemented an adaptation of this protocol in a satellite system. This research examined the PIM-DM performance characteristics which were compared to earlier work for On- Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Distance Vector Multicasting Routing Protocol (DVMRP) - all in a LEO satellite network environment. Experimental results show that PIM-DM is extremely scalable and has equivalent performance across diverse workloads.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Defining Our National Cyberspace Boundaries
In February 2009, the Obama Administration commissioned a 60-day review of the United States' cyber security. A near-term action recommended by the 60-day review was to prepare an updated national strategy to secure information and communications infrastructure.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Speech Recognition Using the Mellin Transform
The purpose of this research was to improve performance in speech recognition. Specifically, a new approach was investigating by applying an integral transform known as the Mellin transform (MT) on the output of an auditory model to improve the recognition rate of phonemes through the scale-invariance property of the Mellin transform. Scale-invariance means that as a time-domain signal is subjected to dilations, the distribution of the signal in the MT domain remains unaffected. An auditory model was used to transform speech waveforms into images representing how the brain "sees" a sound. The MT was applied and features were extracted. The features were used in a speech recognizer based on Hidden Markov Models. The results from speech recognition experiments showed an increase in recognition rates for some phonemes compared to traditional methods.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Study of Quality of Service Communication for High-Speed Packet-Switching Computer Sub-Networks
In this thesis, we analyze various factors that affect quality of service (QoS) communication in high-speed, packet-switching sub-networks. We hypothesize that sub-network-wide bandwidth reservation and guaranteed CPU processing power at endpoint systems for handling data traffic are indispensable to achieving hard end-to-end quality of service. Different bandwidth reservation strategies, traffic characterization schemes, and scheduling algorithms affect the network resources and CPU usage as well as the extent that QoS can be achieved. In order to analyze those factors, we design and implement a communication layer. Our experimental analysis supports our research hypothesis. The Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) is designed to realize resource reservation. Our analysis of RSVP shows that using RSVP solely is insufficient to provide hard end-to-end quality of service in a high-speed sub-network. Analysis of the IEEE 802.lp protocol also supports the research hypothesis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Defeating 802.11 Wireless Networks
Homeland Security of the United States is constantly under threat of attack from terrorist organizations. A variable and current terrorist threat is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as weapons of mass destruction. These UAVs can be built simply and cheaply from commercial off the shelf (COTS) parts and are typically controlled using standard radio control (RC) technology. An emerging technology that is being implemented to control and communicate with UAVs is the 802.11 wireless network protocol or Wi-Fi. This project discusses various portions of the Wi-Fi protocol and analyzes the protocol to determine techniques for first detecting and then defeating wireless networks utilizing the protocol through denial or deception. The first set of techniques presented defeats a network through denial. These denial techniques are divided into two categories: broad area denial techniques and specific network denial techniques. After denial techniques are discussed a process for decieving an 802.11 wireless network is presented.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyberspace and the New Age of Influence
The importance of cyberspace and the utility of networked computer systems have grown exponentially over the past 20 years. For this reason, this study advances a theory for operations in cyberspace that uses the cyber domain to strategically influence an adversary in a context prior to armed conflict. It addresses different types of operations by initially examining parallel constructs from classical airpower theory. It goes on to analyze cyber operations in light of recently demonstrated international cyber events as well as analogues from air warfare, counterinsurgency warfare, and information operations. The analysis demonstrates that capabilities developed to exploit the unique nature of the cyber domain can be extremely persuasive if properly integrated into a well-crafted grand strategy. Effects created within the cyber domain can have real-world results that drive an opposing state's leaders to make decisions favorable to the state that is able to weild power in the domain. These operations can focus on the critical infrastructure of another state, its indigenous population, or even the leaders, themselves.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyberspace
In the last century, the United States was protected from a direct physical attack by its adversaries due to its geographic isolation. However, today any adversary with sufficient capability can exploit vulnerabilities in the United States' critical network infrastructures using cyber warfare and leverage physical attacks to significantly impact the lives of its citizens and erode their confidence in its ability to protect their way of life. This AY-10 student research paper provides information to assist senior leaders working to prevent or to minimize the effects of future cyber attacks by a nation state or non-state actor against the United States' critical network infrastructures.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
U.S. Cyber Strategy Deterrence and Strategic Response
A great deal of thought has been applied to focus government and industrial resources on the important problem of preventing cyber attacks against high profile infrastructure and economic targets. The cyber attack prevention problem is actually one of risk management and mitigation - it aims to reduce the number, severity, and impact of attacks rather than dreaming of preventing all cyber attacks. As prevention efforts continue, cyber attacks are ongoing and unlikely to completely stop. The pragmatic problem shifts toward appropriate responses. contend that not enough attention has been brought to study how the nation should respond to cyber attacks. Clearly such a policy rests heavily on knowing the source of an attack, the nature of the attacked infrastructure, as well as the destructive effect of the attack. Policy makers must also consider how the international community would view such a policy in light of existing international criminal law and the laws of armed conflict. Attack attribution is problematic, but can be helped with international cooperation. Thus, the key recommendation is that international norms for cyber crime and war fighting in the cyber domain be established through broadening of existing laws and conventions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Artificial Immune System-Inspired Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm With Application to the Detection of Distributed Computer Network Intrusions
Today's predominantly-employed signature-based intrusion detection systems are reactive in nature and storage-limited. Their operation depends upon catching an instance of an intrusion or virus after a potentially successful attack, performing post-mortem analysis on that instance and encoding it into a signature that is stored in its anomaly database. The time required to perform these tasks provides a window of vulnerability to DoD computer systems. Further, because of the current maximum size of an Internet Protocol-based message, the database would have to be able to maintain 25665535 possible signature combinations. In order to tighten this response cycle within storage constraints, this thesis presents an Artificial Immune System-inspired Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm intended to measure the vector of tradeoff solutions among detectors with regard to two independent objectives: best classification fitness and optimal hypervolume size. Modeled in the spirit of the human biological immune system and intended to augment DoD network defense systems, our algorithm generates network traffic detectors that are dispersed throughout the network.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cryptanalysis of Pseudorandom Number Generators in Wireless Sensor Networks
This work presents a brute-force attack on an elliptic curve cryptosystemimplemented on UC Berkley's TinyOS operating system for wireless sensor networks.The attack exploits the short period of the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) usedby the cryptosystem to generate private keys. The attack assumes a laptop is listeningpromiscuously to network traffic for key messages and requires only the sensor node'spublic key and network address to discover the private key. Experimental results showthat roughly 50% of the address space leads to a private key compromise in 25 minuteson average.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Automating Security Protocol Analysis
When Roger Needham and Michael Schroeder first introduced a seemingly secure protocol [24], it took over 18 years to discover that even with the most secure encryption, the conversations using this protocol were still subject to penetration. To date, there is still no one protocol that is accepted for universal use. Because of this, analysis of the protocol outside the encryption is becoming more important. Recent work by Joshua Guttman and others [9] have identified several properties that good protocols often exhibit. Termed "Authentication Tests", these properties have been very useful in examining protocols. The purpose of this research is to automate these tests and thus help expedite the analysis of both existing and future protocols. The success of this research is shown through rapid analysis of numerous protocols for the existence of authentication tests. The result of this is that an analyst is now able to ascertain in near real-time whether or not a proposed protocol is of a sound design or whether an existing protocol may contain previously unknown weaknesses. The other achievement of this research is the generality of the input process involved. Although there exist other protocol analyzers, their use is limited primarily due to their complexity of use. With the tool generated here, an analyst needs only to enter their protocol into a standard text file; and almost immediately, the analyzer determines the existence of the authentication tests.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Secureqemu
This research presents an original emulation-based software protection scheme providing protection from reverse code engineering (RCE) and software exploitation using encrypted code execution and page-granularity code signing, respectively. Protection mechanisms execute in trusted emulators while remaining out-of-band of untrusted systems being emulated. This protection scheme is called SecureQEMU and is based on a modi ed version of Quick Emulator (QEMU). RCE is a process that uncovers the internal workings of a program. It is used during vulnerability and intellectual property (IP) discovery. To protect from RCE program code may have anti-disassembly, anti-debugging, and obfuscation techniques incorporated. These techniques slow the process of RCE, however, once defeated protected code is still comprehensible.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Developing Cyberspace Data Understanding
Current intrusion detection systems generate a large number of specific alerts, but do not provide actionable information. Many times, these alerts must be analyzed by a network defender, a time consuming and tedious task which can occur hours or days after an attack occurs. Improved understanding of the cyberspace domain can lead to great advancements in Cyberspace situational awareness research and development. This thesis applies the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) to develop an understanding about a host system under attack. Data is generated by launching scans and exploits at a machine outfitted with a set of host-based data collectors. Through knowledge discovery, features are identified within the data collected which can be used to enhance host-based intrusion detection. By discovering relationships between the data collected and the events, human understanding of the activity is shown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Enabling Intrusion Detection in IPSec Protected IPv6 Networks Through Secret-Key Sharing
As the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) implementation becomes more widespread, the IP Security (IPSec) features embedded into the next-generation protocol will become more accessible than ever. Though the networklayer encryption provided by IPSec is a boon to data security, its use renders standard network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) useless. The problem of performing intrusion detection on encrypted traffic has been addressed by differing means with each technique requiring one or more static secret keys to be shared with the NIDS beforehand.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Interagency Organization for Cyberwar
Many people take for granted things they cannot see, smell, or touch. For most people, security in cyberspace is one of these things. Aside from the securing their home personal computer with the latest anti-virus, the majority of Americans take government and corporate cyber security for granted assuming the professionals have security of the nation's military networks, sensitive government data, and consumers' personal data and financial information under control. Outside of an occasional news story about a denial of service internet attack or an "I Love You" virus, what goes on behind the closed compact disc drive doors does not concern most of the nation. The chilling fact is the nation should be concerned about what is going on in cyberspace. Since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, the nation has taken a renewed interest in securing the homeland, to include efforts to protect the countries critical infrastructure such as electrical plants, dams, and water supplies. It is no secret that terrorists are interested in striking these targets with the intent of inflicting catastrophic physical and economic damage to western civilization. What many people do not realize is, the computer network systems which monitor and manage these systems, and many others, are also under attack by what some are calling cyber terrorists. Although the government and industry has undertaken a significant amount of effort to protect the nation's military, non-military government, financial, and industrial networks, more work is necessary.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
U.S. Policy Recommendation for Responding to Cyber Attacks Against the United States
U.S. Response Strategy for Cyber Attacks The United States has traditionally looked to its military to defend against all foreign enemies. International telecommunications and computer networks and globalization have now overcome the military's absolute ability to provide for that common defense. More than capable to respond to attacks in traditional war fighting domains of land, sea, air, and even space, the military will not be able to prevent all cyber attacks against U.S. interests. As a result, the U.S. should establish and announce the nature of its strategic responses to cyber attacks - including legal prosecution, diplomacy, or military action. Such a policy pronunciation will serve both as a deterrent to potential attackers and likely be established as a normative international standard. The outline for a response policy begins by addressing attacks based upon the prevailing security environment - peacetime or conflict. The U.S. should respond to peacetime attacks based on the target, reasonably expected damage, attack type, and source. Attacks likely to cause significant injuries and damage warrant a full spectrum of response options, while state-sponsored attacks would justify a forcible response when their type and target indicate destructive effects including widespread injury and damage.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Virtualization Technology Applied to Rootkit Defense
This research effort examines the idea of applying virtualization hardware to enhance operating system security against rootkits. Rootkits are sets of tools used to hide code and/or functionality from the user and operating system. Rootkits can accomplish this feat through using access to one part of an operating system to change another part that resides at the same privilege level. Hardware assisted virtualization (HAV) provides an opportunity to defeat this tactic through the introduction of a new operating mode. Created to aid operating system virtualization, HAV provides hardware support for managing and saving multiple states of the processor. This hardware support overcomes a problem in pure software virtualization, which is the need to modify guest software to run at a less privileged level. Using HAV, guest software can operate at the pre-HAV most privileged level. This thesis provides a plan to protect data structures targeted by rootkits through unconventional use of HAV technology to secure system resources such as memory. This method of protection will provide true real-time security through OS attack prevention, rather than reaction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Developing Cyberspace Data Understanding
Current intrusion detection systems generate a large number of specific alerts, but do not provide actionable information. Many times, these alerts must be analyzed by a network defender, a time consuming and tedious task which can occur hours or days after an attack occurs. Improved understanding of the cyberspace domain can lead to great advancements in Cyberspace situational awareness research and development. This thesis applies the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) to develop an understanding about a host system under attack. Data is generated by launching scans and exploits at a machine outfitted with a set of host-based data collectors. Through knowledge discovery, features are identified within the data collected which can be used to enhance host-based intrusion detection. By discovering relationships between the data collected and the events, human understanding of the activity is shown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyberspace and the New Age of Influence
The importance of cyberspace and the utility of networked computer systems have grown exponentially over the past 20 years. For this reason, this study advances a theory for operations in cyberspace that uses the cyber domain to strategically influence an adversary in a context prior to armed conflict. It addresses different types of operations by initially examining parallel constructs from classical airpower theory. It goes on to analyze cyber operations in light of recently demonstrated international cyber events as well as analogues from air warfare, counterinsurgency warfare, and information operations. The analysis demonstrates that capabilities developed to exploit the unique nature of the cyber domain can be extremely persuasive if properly integrated into a well-crafted grand strategy. Effects created within the cyber domain can have real-world results that drive an opposing state's leaders to make decisions favorable to the state that is able to weild power in the domain. These operations can focus on the critical infrastructure of another state, its indigenous population, or even the leaders, themselves.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Analysis of Information Asset Valuation Quantification Methodology for Application With Cyber Information Mission Impact Assessment
The purpose of this research is to develop a standardized Information Asset Valuation (IAV) methodology. The IAV methodology proposes that accurate valuation for an Information Asset (InfoA) is the convergence of information tangible, intangible, and flow attributes to form a functional entity that enhances mission capability. The IAV model attempts to quantify an InfoA to a single value through the summation of weighted criteria. Standardizing the InfoA value criteria will enable decision makers to comparatively analyze dissimilar InfoAs across the tactical, operational, and strategic domains. This research develops the IAV methodology through a review of existing military and non-military valuation methodologies. IAV provides the Air Force (AF) and Department of Defense (DoD) with a standardized methodology that may be utilized enterprise wide when conducting risk and damage assessment and risk management. The IAV methodology is one of the key functions necessary for the Cyber Incident Mission Impact Assessment (CIMIA) program to operationalize a scalable, semi-automated Decision Support System (DSS) tool. The CIMIA DSS intends to provide decision makers with near real-time cyber awareness prior to, during, and post cyber incident situations through documentation of relationships, interdependencies, and criticalities among information assets, the communications infrastructure, and the operations mission impact.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Historical Analysis of the Awareness and Key Issues of the Insider Threat to Information Systems
Since information systems have become smaller, faster, cheaper and more interconnected many organizations have become more dependent on them for daily operations and to maintain critical data. This reliance on information systems is not without risk of attack. Because these systems are relied upon so heavily the impact of such an attack also increases, making the protection of these systems essential. Information system security often focuses on the risk of attack and damage from the outsider. High-profile issues such as hackers, viruses and denial-of-service are generally emphasized in literature and other media outlets. A neglected area of computer security that is just as prevalent and potentially more damaging is the threat from a trusted insider. An organizational insider who misuses a system whether intentional or unintentional is often in a position to know where and how to access important information. How do we become aware of such activities and protect against this threat? This research was a historical analysis of the insider threat to information systems to develop a understanding and framework of the topic.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity on the Reliability and Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) presents unique challenges not encountered in conventional networks. Limitations in bandwidth and power as well as a dynamic network topology must all be addressed in MANET routing protocols. Predicted Associativity Routing (PAR) is a custom routing protocol designed to address reliability in MANETs. By collecting associativity information on links, PAR calculates the expected lifetime of neighboring links. During route discovery, nodes use this expected lifetime, and their neighbor's connectivity to determine a residual lifetime. The routes are selected from those with the longest remaining lifetimes. Thus, PAR attempts to extend the duration routes are active, thereby improving their reliability. PAR is compared to Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) using a variety of reliability and performance metrics. Despite its focus on reliability, PAR does not provide more reliable routes. Rather, AODV produces routes which last as much as three times longer than PAR. However PAR, even with shorter lasting routes, delivers more data and has greater throughput. Both protocols are affected most by the node density of the networks. Node density accounts for 48.62% of the variation in route lifetime in AODV, and 70.66% of the variation in PAR. As node density increases from 25 to 75 nodes route lifetimes are halved, while throughput increases drastically with the increased routing overhead. Furthermore, PAR increases end-to-end delay, while AODV displays better efficiency.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance Analysis of Protocol Independent Multicasting-Dense Mode in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks
This research explored the implementation of Protocol Independent Multicasting - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) in a LEO satellite constellation. PIM-DM is a terrestrial protocol for distributing traffic efficiently between subscriber nodes by combining data streams into a tree-based structure, spreading from the root of the tree to the branches. Using this structure, a minimum number of connections are required to transfer data, decreasing the load on intermediate satellite routers. The PIM-DM protocol was developed for terrestrial systems and this research implemented an adaptation of this protocol in a satellite system. This research examined the PIM-DM performance characteristics which were compared to earlier work for On- Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Distance Vector Multicasting Routing Protocol (DVMRP) - all in a LEO satellite network environment. Experimental results show that PIM-DM is extremely scalable and has equivalent performance across diverse workloads.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Taxonomy for and Analysis of Anonymous Communications Networks
Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating attacks. With cyber attacks intended to gather intelligence and disrupt communications rapidly replacing the threat of conventional and nuclear attacks, a new age of warfare is at hand. In 2003, the United States acknowledged that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Even President Obama's Cybersecurity Chief-elect feels challenged by the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks. Indeed, the rising quantity and ubiquity of new surveillance technologies in cyberspace enables instant, undetectable, and unsolicited information collection about entities. Hence, anonymity and privacy are becoming increasingly important issues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Software and Critical Technology Protection Against Side-Channel Analysis Through Dynamic Hardware Obfuscation
Side Channel Analysis (SCA) is a method by which an adversary can gather information about a processor by examining the activity being done on a microchip though the environment surrounding the chip. Side Channel Analysis attacks use SCA to attack a microcontroller when it is processing cryptographic code, and can allow an attacker to gain secret information, like a crypto-algorithm's key. The purpose of this thesis is to test proposed dynamic hardware methods to increase the hardware security of a microprocessor such that the software code being run on the microprocessor can be made more secure without having to change the code. This thesis uses the Java Optimized Processor (JOP) to identify and _x SCA vulnerabilities to give a processor running RSA or AES code more protection against SCA attacks.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Bubble World a Novel Visual Information Retrieval Technique
With the tremendous growth of published electronic information sources in the last decade and the unprecedented reliance on this information to succeed in day-to-day operations, comes the expectation of finding the right information at the right time. Sentential interfaces are currently the only viable solution for searching through large infospheres of unstructured information, however, the simplistic nature of their interaction model and lack of cognitive amplification they can provide severely limit the performance of the interface. Visual information retrieval systems are emerging as possible candidate replacements for the more traditional interfaces, but many lack the cognitive framework to support the knowledge crystallization process found to be essential in information retrieval. This work introduces a novel visual information retrieval technique crafted from two distinct design genres: (1) the cognitive strategies of the human mind to solve problems and (2) observed interaction patterns with existing information retrieval systems. Based on the cognitive and interaction framework developed in this research, a functional prototype information retrieval system, called Bubble World, has been created to demonstrate that significant performance gains can be achieved using this technique when compared to more traditional text-based interfaces.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Insider Threat Detection Using Microsoft Log Files
Many threats to a network are not detected in a timely manner. Some are found hours or even days after the threat occurs. This research enhances threat detection in networks by parsing log data from the Windows event viewer. The data is processed in real time, and the notification of a threat results in the immediate sending of an email alertto the administrator. This notification is an imperative first step which alerts administrators of a possible threat that needs to be fully investigated. It was found that timely auditing of all components of the Microsoft Event Log, along with a script running to monitor these events on all network systems, can alert an administrator immediately of a potential threat situation on the network via email, resulting in more efficient defense tactics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Multi-Class Classification for Identifying JPEG Steganography Embedding Methods
Over 725 steganography tools are available over the Internet, each providing a method for covert transmission of secret messages. This research presents four steganalysis advancements that result in an algorithm that identifies the steganalysis tool used to embed a secret message in a JPEG image file. The algorithm includes feature generation, feature preprocessing, multi-class classification and classifier fusion. The first contribution is a new feature generation method which is based on the decomposition of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients used in the JPEG image encoder. The generated features are better suited to identifying discrepancies in each area of the decomposed DCT coefficients. Second, the classification accuracy is further improved with the development of a feature ranking technique in the preprocessing stage for the kernel Fisher's discriminant (KFD) and support vector machines (SVM) classifiers in the kernel space during the training process. Third, for the KFD and SVM two-class classifiers a classification tree is designed from the kernel space to provide a multi-class classification solution for both methods. Fourth, by analyzing a set of classifiers, signature detectors, and multi-class classification methods a classifier fusion system is developed to increase the detection accuracy of identifying the embedding method used in generating the steganography images.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Spear Phishing Attack Detection
This thesis addresses the problem of identifying email spear phishing attacks, which are indicative of cyber espionage. Spear phishing consists of targeted emails sent to entice a victim to open a malicious file attachment or click on a malicious link that leads to a compromise of their computer. Current detection methods fail to detect emails of this kind consistently. The SPEar phishing Attack Detection system (SPEAD) is developed to analyze all incoming emails on a network for the presence of spear phishing attacks. SPEAD analyzes the following file types: Windows Portable Executable and Common Object File Format (PE/COFF), Adobe Reader, and Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint. SPEAD's malware detection accuracy is compared against five commercially-available email anti-virus solutions. Finally, this research quantifies the time required to perform this detection with email traffic loads emulating an Air Force base network. Results show that SPEAD outperforms the anti-virus products in PE/COFF malware detection with an overall accuracy of 99.68% and an accuracy of 98.2% where new malware is involved. Additionally, SPEAD is comparable to the anti-virus products when it comes to the detection of new Adobe Reader malware with a rate of 88.79%. Ultimately, SPEAD demonstrates a strong tendency to focus its detection on new malware, which is a rare and desirable trait. Finally, after less than 4 minutes of sustained maximum email throughput, SPEAD's non-optimized configuration exhibits one-hour delays in processing files and links.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using Prospect Theory to Investigate Decision-Making Bias Within an Information Security Context
Information security is an issue that has increased greatly in importance to bothindustry executives as well as military leadership over the past decade. In this time bothpractitioner and academic circles have researched and developed practices and process tomore effectively handle information security. Even with growth in these areas there hasbeen almost no research conducted into how decision makers actually behave. This isproblematic because information security decision makers in the Department of Defensehave been observed exhibiting risk seeking behavior when making information securitydecisions that seemingly violate accepted norms. There are presently no models in theliterature that provide sufficient insight into this phenomenon.This study used Prospect Theory, developed by Kahneman and Tversky, as aframework to develop a survey in an effort to obtain insight into how decision makersactually behave while making information security decisions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Air Force and the Cyberspace Mission
A little over year ago, in November 2005, the Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne and Air Force Chief of Staff General T. Michael Moseley wrote a joint letter to all airmen of the Air Force. The letter defined a new mission statement which also included the concept of cyberspace. The secretary and chief defined cyberspace as including network security, data transmission and the sharing of information. It would be useful to look at how United States adversaries plan to engage us in the cyber domain as the Air Force moves toward this new frontier. This paper begins by suggesting potential areas an adversary may infiltrate cyberspace. It also includes a scenario describing China's cyberspace strategy. A brief historical look at computers, followed by a visit to today's systems, and then more importantly, an examination of future vulnerability of computer systems used throughout the Air Force is also included. A snapshot of current computer vulnerabilities within the Air Force, to include the operating systems, software and network/internet connectivity is also discussed in this paper. Although the Air Force and the Department of Defense (DOD) in general, have numerous safeguards in effect to protect systems and their networks, the DOD relies on a system that is passive when encountering cyber threats. This paper offers recommendations to consider, in the future, as the Air Force increasingly becomes reliant on computers, software, and the networks they reside on. Additionally, the time needed to develop and deploy effective defenses in cyberspace is much longer than the time required for an adversary to mount an attack. This paper concludes with an assessment that there is a valid and urgent need to begin steps today to defend the Air Force computer systems as well as to proactively protect and dominate the cyberspace domain of the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
