Economies of Control
What if the systems designed to make your life easier were actually built to shape your behavior, restrict your choices, and erase your privacy?This groundbreaking investigation reveals how digital ID surveillance, programmable money dangers, and biometric identity systems are quietly being woven into the fabric of everyday life-under the guise of convenience, efficiency, and safety. From central bank digital currency control to cashless society risks, this book exposes the silent shift from democratic governance to algorithmic rule.You'll explore real-world case studies from China's social credit experiment to India's Aadhaar network, uncovering how technology is becoming the new architecture of compliance. But this is not just about policy or politics-it's about you. Your data. Your money. Your identity.This book is for readers who: - Sense that something is "off" in the digital age, but can't quite name it, - Want to understand the mechanics behind digital control systems, - Care about privacy in the age of AI and the future of civil liberties, - Seek meaningful alternatives to passive participation in systems of soft control.Through gripping narratives and razor-sharp analysis, you'll learn how to decode the interface, question the incentive, and reclaim the right to remain unmeasured. Whether you're a technologist, policymaker, activist, or simply someone trying to navigate the modern world with awareness, this book delivers the clarity, urgency, and insight you need.By the final page, you won't just understand what's happening-you'll see it everywhere. And once you see it, you can choose differently.Freedom vs convenience technology is the defining trade-off of our time. This book shows you how to choose wisely.
Designing Sound for Animation
Sound is just as crucial an aspect of your animation as your visuals. Whether you're looking to create a score, ambient noise, dialog, or a complete soundtrack, you'll need sound for your piece. This nuts-and-bolts guide to sound design for animation will explain the theory and workings behind sound for image and provide an overview of the systems and production path to help you create your soundtrack. Follow along with the sound design process for animated shorts and learn how to use the tools and techniques of the trade. Enhance your piece and learn how to design sound for animation.
Sound Engineering Fundamentals - Mastering and Mixing
Mastering and Mixing Music is a comprehensive guide to the art of music production. From recording and editing to mixing and mastering, this book covers all aspects of creating professional-quality music. With tips and insights, you'll learn how to create your own unique sound and take your music to the next level. Whether you're a hobbyist or a professional, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in music production.
Image Super-Resolution Using Adaptive 2-D Gaussian Basis Function Interpolation
Digital image interpolation using Gaussian radial basis functions has been implemented by several investigators, and promising results have been obtained; however, determining the basis function variance has been problematic. Here, adaptive Gaussian basis functions fit the mean vector and covariance matrix of a non-radial Gaussian function to each pixel and its neighbors, which enables edges and other image characteristics to be more effectively represented. The interpolation is constrained to reproduce the original image mean gray level, and the mean basis function variance is determined using the expected image smoothness for the increased resolution. Test outputs from the resulting Adaptive Gaussian Interpolation algorithm are presented and compared with classical interpolation techniques.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Post-Processing Resolution Enhancement of Open Skies Photographic Imagery
The Treaty on Opens Skies allows any signatory nation to fly a specifically equipped reconnaissance aircraft anywhere over the territory of any other signatory nation. For photographic images, this treaty allows for a maximum ground resolution of 30 cm. The National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC), which manages implementation of the Open Skies Treaty for the US Air Force, wants to determine if post-processing of the photographic images can improve spatial resolution beyond 30 cm, and if so, determine the improvement achievable. Results presented in this thesis show that standard linear filters (edge and sharpening) do not improve resolution significantly and that super-resolution techniques are necessary. Most importantly, this thesis describes a prior-knowledge model fitting technique that improves resolution beyond the 30 cm treaty limit. The capabilities of this technique are demonstrated for a standard 3-Bar target, an optically degraded 2-Bar target, and the USAF airstar emblem.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Forensic Analysis of Digital Image Tampering
The use of digital photography has increased over the past few years, a trend which opens the door for new and creative ways to forge images. The manipulation of images through forgery influences the perception an observer has of the depicted scene, potentially resulting in ill consequences if created with malicious intentions. This poses a need to verify the authenticity of images originating from unknown sources in absence of any prior digital watermarking or authentication technique. This research explores the holes left by existing research; specifically, the ability to detect image forgeries created using multiple image sources and specialized methods tailored to the popular JPEG image format. In an effort to meet these goals, this thesis presents four methods to detect image tampering based on fundamental image attributes common to any forgery. These include discrepancies in 1) lighting and 2) brightness levels, 3) underlying edge inconsistencies, and 4) anomalies in JPEG compression blocks. Overall, these methods proved encouraging in detecting image forgeries with an observed accuracy of 60% in a completely blind experiment containing a mixture of 15 authentic and forged images.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Forensic Analysis of Digital Image Tampering
The use of digital photography has increased over the past few years, a trend which opens the door for new and creative ways to forge images. The manipulation of images through forgery influences the perception an observer has of the depicted scene, potentially resulting in ill consequences if created with malicious intentions. This poses a need to verify the authenticity of images originating from unknown sources in absence of any prior digital watermarking or authentication technique. This research explores the holes left by existing research; specifically, the ability to detect image forgeries created using multiple image sources and specialized methods tailored to the popular JPEG image format. In an effort to meet these goals, this thesis presents four methods to detect image tampering based on fundamental image attributes common to any forgery. These include discrepancies in 1) lighting and 2) brightness levels, 3) underlying edge inconsistencies, and 4) anomalies in JPEG compression blocks. Overall, these methods proved encouraging in detecting image forgeries with an observed accuracy of 60% in a completely blind experiment containing a mixture of 15 authentic and forged images.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modeling and Simulation of Communications Systems in OPNET
This research aims to present accurate computer models of a communication link and a Super High Frequency (SHF) radio communication system. Network Warfare Simulation (NETWARS) is a J-6 initiative aimed at modeling all communication traffic in the Department of Defense (DoD) for testing and analysis of specific real world scenarios. The AN/TSC-94 is a SHF radio system with satellite communication capabilities. The AN/TSC-94 incorporates a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) radio link for certain Anti-Jam (AJ) features. A DSSS 'spreads' signal power over a large bandwidth, reducing power previously concentrated within the original system bandwidth. The simulations were performed using OPNET. Simulation results show DSSS lowered Bit Error Rate (BER) over links not using spread spectrum. Results show that in the presence of multiple jamming forms, the DSSS link performed without bit errors while the normal (non-DSSS) link was disrupted by the jammer, experiencing BER's of up to 0.43. The AN/TSC-94 was able to defeat the jammer using the DSSS link. By performing in normal mode during unjammed scenarios, and switching to AJ mode in the presence of a hostile transmitter, the AN/TSC-94 demonstrated its ability to successfully communicate in multiple access and hostile environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Post-Processing Resolution Enhancement of Open Skies Photographic Imagery
The Treaty on Opens Skies allows any signatory nation to fly a specifically equipped reconnaissance aircraft anywhere over the territory of any other signatory nation. For photographic images, this treaty allows for a maximum ground resolution of 30 cm. The National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC), which manages implementation of the Open Skies Treaty for the US Air Force, wants to determine if post-processing of the photographic images can improve spatial resolution beyond 30 cm, and if so, determine the improvement achievable. Results presented in this thesis show that standard linear filters (edge and sharpening) do not improve resolution significantly and that super-resolution techniques are necessary. Most importantly, this thesis describes a prior-knowledge model fitting technique that improves resolution beyond the 30 cm treaty limit. The capabilities of this technique are demonstrated for a standard 3-Bar target, an optically degraded 2-Bar target, and the USAF airstar emblem.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Outlier Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery Using Closest Distance to Center With Ellipsoidal Multivariate Trimming
Many multivariate techniques are available to find outliers in a hyperspectral image. Among the algorithms one may utilize is a global anomaly detector called Ellipsoidal Multivariate Trimming (MVT). In this paper we tested the efficacy of using the Closest Distance to Center (CDC) algorithm in conjunction with MVT to find outliers among a hyperspectral image. Since MVT is a global anomaly detector the images were first clustered using a variety of techniques. Among the hyperspectral images used for evaluation in this study, only one of the images contained more than 5% outliers in any given cluster set. Based upon the assumption that this is normally the case for most images, the standard use of 50% retention within MVT does not perform as well as using a higher value such as 95% for retention in MVT. This use of a higher number of observations for the estimate of the mean and covariance is shown to decrease the effect of swamping seen when using 50% retention. Furthermore, the use of CDC to initialize the MVT iteration process did not have any effect on outlier determination, but did increase the time to compute significantly.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Outlier Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery Using Closest Distance to Center With Ellipsoidal Multivariate Trimming
Many multivariate techniques are available to find outliers in a hyperspectral image. Among the algorithms one may utilize is a global anomaly detector called Ellipsoidal Multivariate Trimming (MVT). In this paper we tested the efficacy of using the Closest Distance to Center (CDC) algorithm in conjunction with MVT to find outliers among a hyperspectral image. Since MVT is a global anomaly detector the images were first clustered using a variety of techniques. Among the hyperspectral images used for evaluation in this study, only one of the images contained more than 5% outliers in any given cluster set. Based upon the assumption that this is normally the case for most images, the standard use of 50% retention within MVT does not perform as well as using a higher value such as 95% for retention in MVT. This use of a higher number of observations for the estimate of the mean and covariance is shown to decrease the effect of swamping seen when using 50% retention. Furthermore, the use of CDC to initialize the MVT iteration process did not have any effect on outlier determination, but did increase the time to compute significantly.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Statistical Approach to Background Subtraction for Production of High-Quality Silhouettes for Human Gait Recognition
This thesis uses a background subtraction to produce high-quality silhouettes for use in human identification by human gait recognition, an identification method which does not require contact with an individual and which can be done from a distance. A statistical method which reduces the noise level is employed resulting in cleaner silhouettes which facilitate identification. The thesis starts with gathering video data of individuals walking normally across a background scene. The video is then converted into a sequence of images that are stored as joint photographic experts group (jpeg) files. The background is subtracted from each image using a developed automatic computer code. In those codes, pixels in all the background frames are compared and averaged to produce an average background picture. The average background picture is then subtracted from pictures with a moving individual. If differenced pixels are determined to lie within a specified region, the pixel is colored black, otherwise it is colored white. The outline of the human figure is produced as a black and white silhouette. This inverse silhouette is then put into motion by recombining the individual frames into a video.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Symmetric Convolution Using Unitary Transform Matrices
The Air Force images space-borne objects from the ground with optical systems that suffer from the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Many image processing techniques exist to alleviate these effects, but they are computationally complex and require large amounts of processing time. A faster image processing system would greatly improve images of objects observed through the turbulent atmosphere and help national strategists glean higher quality intelligence on other nations' space platforms. One promising mathematical method to decrease the computational complexity of image processing algorithms involves symmetric convolution. Symmetric convolution is a recently discovered property of trigonometric transforms that allows the convolution of sequences to be calculated through point multiplication in the trigonometric transform domain. This method holds distinct advantages over existing matrix techniques.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Blind Deconvolution Method of Image Deblurring Using Convergence of Variance
Images are used for both aerial and space imagery applications, including target detection and tracking. The current problem concerning objects in geosynchronous orbit is that they are dim and hard to resolve because of their distance. This work will further the combined effort of AFIT and AFRL to provide enhanced space situational awareness (SSA) and space surveillance. SSA is critical in a time when many countries possess the technology to put satellites into orbit. Enhanced imaging technology improves the Air Force's ability to see if foreign satellites or other space hardware are operating in the vicinity of our own assets at geosynchronous orbit. Image deblurring or denoising is a crucial part of restoring images that have been distorted either by movement during the capture process, using out-of-focus optics, or atmospheric turbulence. The goal of this work is to develop a new blind deconvolution method for imaging objects at geosynchronous orbit. It will feature an expectation maximization (EM) approach to iteratively deblur an image while using the convergence of the image's variance as the stopping criteria.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modeling and Simulation of Communications Systems in OPNET
This research aims to present accurate computer models of a communication link and a Super High Frequency (SHF) radio communication system. Network Warfare Simulation (NETWARS) is a J-6 initiative aimed at modeling all communication traffic in the Department of Defense (DoD) for testing and analysis of specific real world scenarios. The AN/TSC-94 is a SHF radio system with satellite communication capabilities. The AN/TSC-94 incorporates a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) radio link for certain Anti-Jam (AJ) features. A DSSS 'spreads' signal power over a large bandwidth, reducing power previously concentrated within the original system bandwidth. The simulations were performed using OPNET. Simulation results show DSSS lowered Bit Error Rate (BER) over links not using spread spectrum. Results show that in the presence of multiple jamming forms, the DSSS link performed without bit errors while the normal (non-DSSS) link was disrupted by the jammer, experiencing BER's of up to 0.43. The AN/TSC-94 was able to defeat the jammer using the DSSS link. By performing in normal mode during unjammed scenarios, and switching to AJ mode in the presence of a hostile transmitter, the AN/TSC-94 demonstrated its ability to successfully communicate in multiple access and hostile environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Future Cyborgs
From its inception as a technology, virtual reality has promised to revolutionize the way we interact with our computers and each other. So far, the reality of virtual reality has not lived up to the hype. This paper explores what the state of virtual reality interface technology will be in the future by analyzing the current state of the art, forecasting trends in areas relevant to virtual reality interface research and development, and highlighting the barriers to providing virtual reality environments that are immersive and interactively indistinguishable from reality (strong VR). This research shows that the evolutionary pathway of virtual reality technology development will not be able to overcome all of the barriers and limitations inherent in the current generation of interfaces. I use a reverse tree methodology to explore alternate pathways to achieve strong VR. Brain-machine interfaces (invasive and non-invasive) represent the most likely pathway that will lead to a strong VR interface. The US Air Force should continue to develop common VR interface technology using widely available interfaces, but should increase its funding and support for technologies that will enable enhanced brain-machine interfaces to ensure its dominance in training and simulation for the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Blind Deconvolution Method of Image Deblurring Using Convergence of Variance
Images are used for both aerial and space imagery applications, including target detection and tracking. The current problem concerning objects in geosynchronous orbit is that they are dim and hard to resolve because of their distance. This work will further the combined effort of AFIT and AFRL to provide enhanced space situational awareness (SSA) and space surveillance. SSA is critical in a time when many countries possess the technology to put satellites into orbit. Enhanced imaging technology improves the Air Force's ability to see if foreign satellites or other space hardware are operating in the vicinity of our own assets at geosynchronous orbit. Image deblurring or denoising is a crucial part of restoring images that have been distorted either by movement during the capture process, using out-of-focus optics, or atmospheric turbulence. The goal of this work is to develop a new blind deconvolution method for imaging objects at geosynchronous orbit. It will feature an expectation maximization (EM) approach to iteratively deblur an image while using the convergence of the image's variance as the stopping criteria.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Future Cyborgs
From its inception as a technology, virtual reality has promised to revolutionize the way we interact with our computers and each other. So far, the reality of virtual reality has not lived up to the hype. This paper explores what the state of virtual reality interface technology will be in the future by analyzing the current state of the art, forecasting trends in areas relevant to virtual reality interface research and development, and highlighting the barriers to providing virtual reality environments that are immersive and interactively indistinguishable from reality (strong VR). This research shows that the evolutionary pathway of virtual reality technology development will not be able to overcome all of the barriers and limitations inherent in the current generation of interfaces. I use a reverse tree methodology to explore alternate pathways to achieve strong VR. Brain-machine interfaces (invasive and non-invasive) represent the most likely pathway that will lead to a strong VR interface. The US Air Force should continue to develop common VR interface technology using widely available interfaces, but should increase its funding and support for technologies that will enable enhanced brain-machine interfaces to ensure its dominance in training and simulation for the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Agent Based Simulation Seas Evaluation of DoDAF Architecture
With Department of Defense (DoD) weapon systems being deeply rooted in the command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) structure, it is necessary for combat models to capture C4ISR effects in order to properly assess military worth. Unlike many DoD legacy combat models, the agent based model System Effectiveness and Analysis Simulation (SEAS) is identified as having C4ISR analysis capabilities. In lieu of requirements for all new DoD C4ISR weapon systems to be placed within a DoD Architectural Framework (DoDAF), investigation of means to export data from the Framework to the combat model SEAS began. Through operational, system, and technical views, the DoDAF provides a consistent format for new weapon systems to be compared and evaluated. Little research has been conducted to show how to create an executable model of an actual DoD weapon system described by the DoDAF. In collaboration with Systems Engineering masters student Captain Andrew Zinn, this research identified the Aerospace Operation Center (AOC) weapon system architecture, provided by the MITRE Corp., as suitable for translation into SEAS. The collaborative efforts lead to the identification and translation of architectural data products to represent the Time Critical Targeting (TCT) activities of the AOC. A comparison of the AOC weapon system employing these TCT activities with an AOC without TCT capabilities is accomplished within a Kosovo-like engagement (provided by Space and Missile Center Transformations Directorate). Results show statistically significant differences in measures of effectiveness (MOEs) chosen to compare the systems. The comparison also identified the importance of data products not available in this incomplete architecture and makes recommendations for SEAS to be more receptive to DoDAF data products.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Generalized Voronoi Diagrams for Moving a Ladder
This technical report explores the application of generalized Voronoi diagrams to the problem of moving a ladder in a constrained environment. Part I focuses on topological analysis, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the configuration space and its representation using Voronoi diagrams. The report delves into the complexities of motion planning and offers insights into efficient algorithms for navigating obstacles. The research presented in "Generalized Voronoi Diagrams for Moving a Ladder, I. Topological Analysis" is relevant to researchers and practitioners in robotics, computational geometry, and related fields.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Planning a Purely Translational Motion for a Convex Object in Two-dimensional Space Using Generalized Voronoi Diagrams
This technical work explores the problem of planning a purely translational motion for a convex object in two-dimensional space, employing generalized Voronoi diagrams as a key analytical tool. The study focuses on developing algorithmic approaches to navigate a convex object through a complex environment while avoiding collisions. By utilizing Voronoi diagrams, the research provides a structured method for mapping available pathways and optimizing the object's trajectory.This research provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in robotics, computer graphics, and related fields. Its rigorous mathematical framework and practical applications make it a significant contribution to the field of motion planning.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fast Video Stabilization Algorithms
A set of fast and robust electronic video stabilization algorithms are presented in this thesis. The first algorithm is based on a two-dimensional feature-based motion estimation technique. The method tracks a small set of features and estimates the movement of the camera between consecutive frames. An affine motion model is utilized to determine the parameters of translation and rotation between images. The determined affine transformation is then exploited to compensate for the abrupt temporal discontinuities of input image sequences. Also, a Frequency domain approach is developed to estimate translations between two consecutive frames in a video sequence. Finally, a jitter detection technique has been developed to isolate vibration affected subsequences from an image sequence. The experimental results of using both simulated and real images have revealed the applicability of the proposed techniques. In particular, the emphasis has been to develop real time implementable algorithms, suitable for unmanned vehicles with severe payload constraints.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Symmetric Convolution Using Unitary Transform Matrices
The Air Force images space-borne objects from the ground with optical systems that suffer from the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Many image processing techniques exist to alleviate these effects, but they are computationally complex and require large amounts of processing time. A faster image processing system would greatly improve images of objects observed through the turbulent atmosphere and help national strategists glean higher quality intelligence on other nations' space platforms. One promising mathematical method to decrease the computational complexity of image processing algorithms involves symmetric convolution. Symmetric convolution is a recently discovered property of trigonometric transforms that allows the convolution of sequences to be calculated through point multiplication in the trigonometric transform domain. This method holds distinct advantages over existing matrix techniques.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Internet Wargaming With Distributed Processing Using Client-Server Model
The development of a multi-player wargame, accessible on the Internet, is presented. This paper discusses how the client-server model of the World Wide Web (WWW) can be used to implement the five functions of an interactive game. These five functions are registration, interaction, synchronization, adjudication, and graphic display. The techniques used to implement these functions include client-side scripting, server-side computation using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), and graphical user interface design using the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). The strengths, weaknesses and applicability of the client-server techniques are examined within the context of the game functions. Critical to this analysis is the current state of the software available for implementing the chosen client-server methods. Browser software and the available computer language programming environments are examined for portability, utility and end-user acceptability. (AFEX) was "ported" to the Internet. The engineering solution is chronicled here. The WWW changed dramatically over the course of this project and several recommendations for future work are presented to capitalize on these changes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Genetic Algorithm for UAV Routing Integrated With a Parallel Swarm Simulation
This research investigation addresses the problem of routing and simulating swarms of UAVs. Sorties are modeled as instantiations of the NP-Complete Vehicle Routing Problem, and this work uses genetic algorithms (GAs) to provide a fast and robust algorithm for a priori and dynamic routing applications. Swarms of UAVs are modeled based on extensions of Reynolds' swarm research and are simulated on a Beowulf cluster as a parallel computing application using the Synchronous Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation (SPEEDES). In a test suite, standard measures such as benchmark problems, best published results, and parallel metrics are used as performance measures. The GA consistently provides efficient and effective results for a variety of VRP benchmarks. Analysis of the solution quality over time verifies that the GA exponentially improves solution quality and is robust to changing search landscapes making it an ideal tool for employment in UAV routing applications. Parallel computing metrics calculated from the results of a PDES show that consistent speedup (almost linear in many cases) can be obtained using SPEEDES as the communication library for this UAV routing application. Results from the routing application and parallel simulation are synthesized to produce a more advanced model for routing UAVs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Genetic Algorithm for UAV Routing Integrated With a Parallel Swarm Simulation
This research investigation addresses the problem of routing and simulating swarms of UAVs. Sorties are modeled as instantiations of the NP-Complete Vehicle Routing Problem, and this work uses genetic algorithms (GAs) to provide a fast and robust algorithm for a priori and dynamic routing applications. Swarms of UAVs are modeled based on extensions of Reynolds' swarm research and are simulated on a Beowulf cluster as a parallel computing application using the Synchronous Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation (SPEEDES). In a test suite, standard measures such as benchmark problems, best published results, and parallel metrics are used as performance measures. The GA consistently provides efficient and effective results for a variety of VRP benchmarks. Analysis of the solution quality over time verifies that the GA exponentially improves solution quality and is robust to changing search landscapes making it an ideal tool for employment in UAV routing applications. Parallel computing metrics calculated from the results of a PDES show that consistent speedup (almost linear in many cases) can be obtained using SPEEDES as the communication library for this UAV routing application. Results from the routing application and parallel simulation are synthesized to produce a more advanced model for routing UAVs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mission Route Planning With Multiple Aircraft and Targets Using Parallel A* Algorithm
The general Mission Route Planning (MRP) Problem is the process of selecting an aircraft flight path in order to fly from a starting point through defended terrain to target(s), and return to a safe destination. MRP is a three-dimensional, multi-criteria path search. Planning of aircraft routes involves an elaborate search through numerous possibilities, which can severely task the resources of the system being used to compute the routes. Operational systems can take up to a day to arrive at a solution due to the combinatoric nature of the problem, which is not acceptable, because time is critical in aviation. Also, the information that the software is using to solve the MRP may become invalid during the computation. An effective and efficient way of solving the MRP with multiple aircraft and multiple targets is desired using parallel computing techniques. Processors find the optimal solution by exploring in parallel the MRP search space. With this distributed decomposition the time required for an optimal solution is reduced as compared to a sequential version. We have designed an effective and scalable MRP solution using a parallelized version of the A* search algorithm. Efficient implementation and extensive testing was done using MPI on clusters of workstations and PCs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance Analysis of Live-Virtual-Constructive and Distributed Virtual Simulations
This research extends the knowledge of live-virtual-constructive (LVC) and distributed virtual simulations (DVS) through a detailed analysis and characterization of their underlying computing architecture. LVCs are characterized as a set of asynchronous simulation applications each serving as both producers and consumers of shared state data. In terms of data aging characteristics, LVCs are found to be first-order linear systems. System performance is quantified via two opposing factors; the consistency of the distributed state space, and the response time or interaction quality of the autonomous simulation applications. A framework is developed that defines temporal data consistency requirements such that the objectives of the simulation are satisfied. Additionally, to develop simulations that reliably execute in real-time and accurately model hierarchical systems, two real-time design patterns are developed: a tailored version of the model-view-controller architecture pattern along with a companion Component pattern. Together they provide a basis for hierarchical simulation models, graphical displays, and network I/O in a real-time environment. For both LVCs and DVSs the relationship between consistency and interactivity is established by mapping threads created by a simulation application to factors that control both interactivity and shared state consistency throughout a distributed environment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Benefits of a Network Tasking Order in Combat Search and Rescue Missions
Networked communications play a crucial role in United States Armed Forces operations. As the military moves towards more network centric (Net-Centric) operations, it becomes increasingly important to use the network as effectively as possible with respect to the overall mission. This thesis advocates the use of a Network Tasking Order (NTO), which allows operators to reason about the network based on asset movement, capabilities, and communication requirements. These requirements are likely to be derived from the Air Tasking Order (ATO), which gives insight into the plan for physical assets in a military mission. In this research we illustrate the benefit of an NTO in a simulation scenario that centers on communication in a Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) mission. While demonstrating the CSAR mission, we assume the use of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) for communication instead of current technology in order to mimic likely future communication configurations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Statistical Approach to Background Subtraction for Production of High-Quality Silhouettes for Human Gait Recognition
This thesis uses a background subtraction to produce high-quality silhouettes for use in human identification by human gait recognition, an identification method which does not require contact with an individual and which can be done from a distance. A statistical method which reduces the noise level is employed resulting in cleaner silhouettes which facilitate identification. The thesis starts with gathering video data of individuals walking normally across a background scene. The video is then converted into a sequence of images that are stored as joint photographic experts group (jpeg) files. The background is subtracted from each image using a developed automatic computer code. In those codes, pixels in all the background frames are compared and averaged to produce an average background picture. The average background picture is then subtracted from pictures with a moving individual. If differenced pixels are determined to lie within a specified region, the pixel is colored black, otherwise it is colored white. The outline of the human figure is produced as a black and white silhouette. This inverse silhouette is then put into motion by recombining the individual frames into a video.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Internet Wargaming With Distributed Processing Using Client-Server Model
The development of a multi-player wargame, accessible on the Internet, is presented. This paper discusses how the client-server model of the World Wide Web (WWW) can be used to implement the five functions of an interactive game. These five functions are registration, interaction, synchronization, adjudication, and graphic display. The techniques used to implement these functions include client-side scripting, server-side computation using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), and graphical user interface design using the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). The strengths, weaknesses and applicability of the client-server techniques are examined within the context of the game functions. Critical to this analysis is the current state of the software available for implementing the chosen client-server methods. Browser software and the available computer language programming environments are examined for portability, utility and end-user acceptability. (AFEX) was "ported" to the Internet. The engineering solution is chronicled here. The WWW changed dramatically over the course of this project and several recommendations for future work are presented to capitalize on these changes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Agent Based Simulation Seas Evaluation of DoDAF Architecture
With Department of Defense (DoD) weapon systems being deeply rooted in the command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) structure, it is necessary for combat models to capture C4ISR effects in order to properly assess military worth. Unlike many DoD legacy combat models, the agent based model System Effectiveness and Analysis Simulation (SEAS) is identified as having C4ISR analysis capabilities. In lieu of requirements for all new DoD C4ISR weapon systems to be placed within a DoD Architectural Framework (DoDAF), investigation of means to export data from the Framework to the combat model SEAS began. Through operational, system, and technical views, the DoDAF provides a consistent format for new weapon systems to be compared and evaluated. Little research has been conducted to show how to create an executable model of an actual DoD weapon system described by the DoDAF. In collaboration with Systems Engineering masters student Captain Andrew Zinn, this research identified the Aerospace Operation Center (AOC) weapon system architecture, provided by the MITRE Corp., as suitable for translation into SEAS. The collaborative efforts lead to the identification and translation of architectural data products to represent the Time Critical Targeting (TCT) activities of the AOC. A comparison of the AOC weapon system employing these TCT activities with an AOC without TCT capabilities is accomplished within a Kosovo-like engagement (provided by Space and Missile Center Transformations Directorate). Results show statistically significant differences in measures of effectiveness (MOEs) chosen to compare the systems. The comparison also identified the importance of data products not available in this incomplete architecture and makes recommendations for SEAS to be more receptive to DoDAF data products.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Benefits of a Network Tasking Order in Combat Search and Rescue Missions
Networked communications play a crucial role in United States Armed Forces operations. As the military moves towards more network centric (Net-Centric) operations, it becomes increasingly important to use the network as effectively as possible with respect to the overall mission. This thesis advocates the use of a Network Tasking Order (NTO), which allows operators to reason about the network based on asset movement, capabilities, and communication requirements. These requirements are likely to be derived from the Air Tasking Order (ATO), which gives insight into the plan for physical assets in a military mission. In this research we illustrate the benefit of an NTO in a simulation scenario that centers on communication in a Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) mission. While demonstrating the CSAR mission, we assume the use of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) for communication instead of current technology in order to mimic likely future communication configurations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fast Video Stabilization Algorithms
A set of fast and robust electronic video stabilization algorithms are presented in this thesis. The first algorithm is based on a two-dimensional feature-based motion estimation technique. The method tracks a small set of features and estimates the movement of the camera between consecutive frames. An affine motion model is utilized to determine the parameters of translation and rotation between images. The determined affine transformation is then exploited to compensate for the abrupt temporal discontinuities of input image sequences. Also, a Frequency domain approach is developed to estimate translations between two consecutive frames in a video sequence. Finally, a jitter detection technique has been developed to isolate vibration affected subsequences from an image sequence. The experimental results of using both simulated and real images have revealed the applicability of the proposed techniques. In particular, the emphasis has been to develop real time implementable algorithms, suitable for unmanned vehicles with severe payload constraints.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance Analysis of Live-Virtual-Constructive and Distributed Virtual Simulations
This research extends the knowledge of live-virtual-constructive (LVC) and distributed virtual simulations (DVS) through a detailed analysis and characterization of their underlying computing architecture. LVCs are characterized as a set of asynchronous simulation applications each serving as both producers and consumers of shared state data. In terms of data aging characteristics, LVCs are found to be first-order linear systems. System performance is quantified via two opposing factors; the consistency of the distributed state space, and the response time or interaction quality of the autonomous simulation applications. A framework is developed that defines temporal data consistency requirements such that the objectives of the simulation are satisfied. Additionally, to develop simulations that reliably execute in real-time and accurately model hierarchical systems, two real-time design patterns are developed: a tailored version of the model-view-controller architecture pattern along with a companion Component pattern. Together they provide a basis for hierarchical simulation models, graphical displays, and network I/O in a real-time environment. For both LVCs and DVSs the relationship between consistency and interactivity is established by mapping threads created by a simulation application to factors that control both interactivity and shared state consistency throughout a distributed environment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mission Route Planning With Multiple Aircraft and Targets Using Parallel A* Algorithm
The general Mission Route Planning (MRP) Problem is the process of selecting an aircraft flight path in order to fly from a starting point through defended terrain to target(s), and return to a safe destination. MRP is a three-dimensional, multi-criteria path search. Planning of aircraft routes involves an elaborate search through numerous possibilities, which can severely task the resources of the system being used to compute the routes. Operational systems can take up to a day to arrive at a solution due to the combinatoric nature of the problem, which is not acceptable, because time is critical in aviation. Also, the information that the software is using to solve the MRP may become invalid during the computation. An effective and efficient way of solving the MRP with multiple aircraft and multiple targets is desired using parallel computing techniques. Processors find the optimal solution by exploring in parallel the MRP search space. With this distributed decomposition the time required for an optimal solution is reduced as compared to a sequential version. We have designed an effective and scalable MRP solution using a parallelized version of the A* search algorithm. Efficient implementation and extensive testing was done using MPI on clusters of workstations and PCs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Digital Twins for Simulation-Based Decision-Making
This book introduces the concept of digital twins and their purposive usage, including the technology infrastructure and the method support necessary for their construction. The landscape of digital twins is illustrated through a range of use cases spread across different application domains such as strategy and business assessment in enterprises, logistics networks, manufacturing industries, chemical and refinery systems, sustainable food ecosystems, and public healthcare. All these examples show how digital twins are exploited to simulate complex scenarios depending on various external factors - all of which would not be feasible as real-world simulations because of their high costs, potential fatal damages, and unpredictable side effects. The book is written for professionals in industry who would like to learn about the application of these powerful methodologies and tools in various areas as well as for researchers in computer science who would like to draw inspirations for further development of this technology from real-world applications.
Generalized Voronoi Diagrams for Moving a Ladder
This technical report explores the application of generalized Voronoi diagrams to the problem of moving a ladder in a constrained environment. Part I focuses on topological analysis, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the configuration space and its representation using Voronoi diagrams. The report delves into the complexities of motion planning and offers insights into efficient algorithms for navigating obstacles. The research presented in "Generalized Voronoi Diagrams for Moving a Ladder, I. Topological Analysis" is relevant to researchers and practitioners in robotics, computational geometry, and related fields.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Advancing Secure Image Handling Through Chaotic and Bio-Molecular Computing
Rapid digital advances have made image security crucial, especially in fields like banking, biometrics, and social media. This study proposes a novel image cryptosystem combining DNA and chaos-based cryptography to ensure secure image transmission. A Cross Cosine Map (CCM) generates chaotic keys for grayscale image encryption, while a hyper-chaos-based system secures color images. A lightweight architecture offers dual-layered protection for biometric data. The system's performance is validated using statistical, differential, and robustness analyses, along with standard image quality metrics.
Final Cut Pro Cookbook
Follow Apple Certified Final Cut Pro Trainer Mike Eddy as he guides you from core editing to pro effects, real-world tips, and time-saving workflows using the latest version of Final Cut ProKey Features: - Optimize your workflow and collaboration efficiency with time-saving organizational strategies- Troubleshoot common editing hurdles with the help of practical, workable solutions- Enhance your creative expression through color adjustments, visual effects, and audio editing- Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBookBook Description: Supercharge your Final Cut Pro game with this recipe-packed guide designed for driven video professionals and ambitious editors. The author distills his 30+ years of experience spanning top brands, big screens, and award-winning classrooms in this book to equip you with expert techniques for streamlining editing, boosting performance, and producing polished, professional-grade videos. Each recipe includes clear explanations and examples, making complex concepts accessible and actionable.The book begins by guiding you through the Final Cut Pro interface and essential tools, providing a solid foundation for more advanced topics. From there, you'll work through practical projects covering scratch audio, blend modes, and title object trackers. You'll learn how to optimize workflows, manage media, and utilize time-saving keyboard shortcuts to boost productivity. The chapters also help you explore comprehensive techniques for color correction, visual effects, and exporting closed captions, ensuring your videos are polished and professional.By the end of this book, you'll be able to confidently tackle complex projects, streamline your workflow, and produce stunning content. Whether you're a new producer or a seasoned editor, this cookbook delivers the insights you need to refine your craft.What You Will Learn: - Adapt the Final Cut Pro interface to streamline your workflow- Enhance your media with color adjustments and blend modes- Transform your storytelling skills with keyframes, masks, and visual effects- Improve audio components through blending, effects, and additional recording- Accelerate your editing speed with keyboard shortcuts- Optimize team collaboration with efficient version control and sharing methodsWho this book is for: This book is for intermediate video editors, content creators, and post-production professionals using Final Cut Pro on macOS. This book is ideal for freelancers, educators, marketers, and production teams with an understanding of the basics of editing, media import, and project setup who want to develop professional-level skills.Table of Contents- Utilizing the Final Cut Pro Interface for Workflow Success- Organizing Media and Using the Event Browser Effectively- Sculpting Clips in the Final Cut Pro Timeline- Improving Your Editing Efficiency- Exploring Color Correction and Stylizing- Applying Visual Effects- Transforming Visual Elements- Correcting and Enhancing Audio- Building Titles- Accelerating Real-World Projects- Sharing Your Projects
Natural Language Processing and Information Systems
The two-volume set LNCS 15836 and 15837 constitutes the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2025, held in Kanazawa, Japan, during July 4-6, 2025.The 33 full papers, 19 short papers and 2 demo papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. The proceedings contain novel and significant research contributions addressing theoretical aspects, algorithms, applications, architectures, resources, and other aspects of NLP, as well as survey and discussion papers.
Computational Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders
This book delves into the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as game-changers in diagnosing and managing of neurodisorder conditions. It covers a wide array of methodologies, algorithms, and applications in depth.
Digital Twins and Simulation Technology
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of digital twins, emphasising its strategic importance across various commercial domains. This book covers the fundamentals, data requirements, tools, and technologies essential for understanding and implementing digital twins.
Frame-By-Frame Stop Motion
This third edition of Frame-by-Frame Stop Motion is an up-to-date review of non-puppet stop motion techniques. The reader will not only learn how to execute these techniques through descriptive chapters but also experience them with the carefully designed exercises included at the end of this book. There are many other aspects of filmmaking including design, sound, cinematography, lighting, and animation principles that make this a thorough study in non-puppet stop motion. The animation of people, objects (not designed to be animated), light painting, time-lapse, and downshooting are popular approaches to animation practice around the globe. This edition includes insights from the author, an experienced stop motion puppet and non-puppet animator, as well as filmmakers from Japan to Eastern Europe to Argentina and North America. There are many aspects to this edition that should appeal not only to animators but also to photographers, live-action filmmakers and those interested in expanding their repertoire in the filmmaking arena. Included are examples of filmmaking critiques and a wide variety of applications of photographic animation. Frame-by-Frame Stop Motion is the only resource of its kind.
Frame-By-Frame Stop Motion
This third edition of Frame-by-Frame Stop Motion is an up-to-date review of non-puppet stop motion techniques. The reader will not only learn how to execute these techniques through descriptive chapters but also experience them with the carefully designed exercises included at the end of this book. There are many other aspects of filmmaking including design, sound, cinematography, lighting, and animation principles that make this a thorough study in non-puppet stop motion. The animation of people, objects (not designed to be animated), light painting, time-lapse, and downshooting are popular approaches to animation practice around the globe. This edition includes insights from the author, an experienced stop motion puppet and non-puppet animator, as well as filmmakers from Japan to Eastern Europe to Argentina and North America. There are many aspects to this edition that should appeal not only to animators but also to photographers, live-action filmmakers and those interested in expanding their repertoire in the filmmaking arena. Included are examples of filmmaking critiques and a wide variety of applications of photographic animation. Frame-by-Frame Stop Motion is the only resource of its kind.
Colour Printing And Colour Printers
"Colour Printing And Colour Printers" offers a detailed exploration of the historical and technical aspects of color printing. Authored by Robert M. Burch and William Gamble, this book delves into the intricacies of early color printing methods and provides valuable insights into the evolution of printing technology. The book examines various color printing techniques, offering a comprehensive overview of the processes and equipment used. A dedicated chapter explores modern processes, making it a valuable resource for those interested in both the historical context and contemporary applications of color printing. This book will appeal to historians of technology, graphic artists, and anyone fascinated by the art and science of bringing color to the printed page.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Colour Printing And Colour Printers
"Colour Printing And Colour Printers" offers a detailed exploration of the historical and technical aspects of color printing. Authored by Robert M. Burch and William Gamble, this book delves into the intricacies of early color printing methods and provides valuable insights into the evolution of printing technology. The book examines various color printing techniques, offering a comprehensive overview of the processes and equipment used. A dedicated chapter explores modern processes, making it a valuable resource for those interested in both the historical context and contemporary applications of color printing. This book will appeal to historians of technology, graphic artists, and anyone fascinated by the art and science of bringing color to the printed page.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
