Ben Goldstein's 30 Ideas on Inclusion
Cambridge Primary Path Level 6 Grammar and Writing Workbook
"Cambridge Primary Path Second Edition is a comprehensive English language and literacy course that explores Big Questions and sets Big Challenges for young learners.The Grammar and Writing Workbook provides additional practice of target grammar and more opportunities to work on process writing skills. A free digital version including answer keys is available for teachers."
Cambridge Primary Path Level 4 Grammar and Writing Workbook
"Cambridge Primary Path Second Edition is a comprehensive English language and literacy course that explores Big Questions and sets Big Challenges for young learners.The Grammar and Writing Workbook provides additional practice of target grammar and more opportunities to work on process writing skills. A free digital version including answer keys is available for teachers."
Cambridge Primary Path Level 5 Grammar and Writing Workbook
"Cambridge Primary Path Second Edition is a comprehensive English language and literacy course that explores Big Questions and sets Big Challenges for young learners.The Grammar and Writing Workbook provides additional practice of target grammar and more opportunities to work on process writing skills. A free digital version including answer keys is available for teachers."
Conversational English for a Global Society (Intermediate Level)
This book focuses on English conversation. It is designed for low intermediate to more advanced students, and the lessons become more challenging from Unit 1 to Unit 8. It is also designed to develop the students' conversational skills, build their vocabulary and reinforce their grammar. It works best in a traditional (or not so traditional classroom) with a skilled ESL teacher and enthusiastic students willing to take on a slightly different approach to learning the English language. Each lesson begins with new vocabulary. It then proceeds to offer a short story or situation. Then it is followed by a dialog. Afterwards, there are comprehension questions, language exercises and ideas for role-plays. Once the student is familiar with the new language, role-plays offer excellent chances to practice and use the language in real situations. The situations follow strict rules of English grammar and syntax; however, the dialogs sometimes stray from the rules and focus more on the way native English-speaking people converse in natural situations. This includes informal vocabulary, blending words like in the case of "gunna" for "going to" and various idiomatic and slang expressions. There are two appendices at the end of the text. Appendix 1 offers answers to the comprehension questions. Appendix 2 covers several grammar points such as verb tenses and voices.
Cambridge Primary Path Level 1 Grammar and Writing Workbook
"Cambridge Primary Path Second Edition is a comprehensive English language and literacy course that explores Big Questions and sets Big Challenges for young learners.The Grammar and Writing Workbook provides additional practice of target grammar and more opportunities to work on process writing skills. A free digital version including answer keys is available for teachers."
Ready, Set, Grow! Level 3 Workbook American English
A pre-primary course featuring best friends Sofia and Daniel, Hug the sloth, and Hummy the hummingbird. The Ready, Set, Grow! Workbook provides further practice and consolidation of the Student's Book vocabulary, language, and skills. It includes more personalisation activities and a range of activities to develop fine motor-skills, as well as a fun craft activity in every unit. For each lesson of the Student's Book, the Workbook features a corresponding page of activities, so teachers always know which Workbook page to use. The Workbook is full-color and has a spiral binding to make it easy for children to use.
Ventures Level 1 Student's Book
A six-level, standards-based, integrated-skills series for Adult Education, aligned to WIOA, NRS, English Language Proficiency standards, and standardized tests. Ventures 4th edition Level 1 Student's Book contains ten topic-focused units, each with seven skill-focused lessons and five review units aligned to the English Proficiency Standards to prepare learners for standardized tests. Audio, grammar presentation and digital literacy videos can be accessed using the QR codes found throughout the book.
Ventures Basic Teacher's Edition
A six-level, standards-based, integrated-skills series for Adult Education, aligned to WIOA, NRS, English Language Proficiency standards, and standardized tests. Ventures 4th Edition Basic Level Teacher's Edition has easy-to-follow lesson plans for each lesson, with Student's Book pages on the opposite page for easy reference. Teaching tips address common problem areas for students and there are additional suggestions for expansion activities and building community. Additional material such as the Workbook, Teacher's Resources, the Ventures Arcade, CASAS STEPS practice and Mini quizzes, etc. are shown in the More Ventures chart at the end of each lesson.
Praktische Methode
Praktische Methode: Englisch Sprechen Und Denken by Bernhard Teichmann offers a practical approach to learning and mastering the English language. Designed for learners seeking to improve their speaking and thinking skills in English, this book provides a comprehensive method that emphasizes practical application and real-world communication. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, this guide provides valuable techniques and exercises to enhance your fluency and confidence. Discover a structured approach to learning English that combines essential grammar with everyday conversational skills. Unlock your potential and start speaking and thinking in English today!This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Shape It! Level 2 Workbook with eBook
We live in a rapidly changing world. With Shape It!, teens develop the confidence and competencies they need to pave their own path in this ever-evolving global landscape. From developing critical and creative thinking skills and social/emotional aptitudes to working effectively in a group, Shape It! helps create confident, future-ready learners who are able to meet the challenges ahead. The Student's Book includes full access to all digital tools for students, including mobile-friendly Practice Extra and the digital collaboration space.
Complete Ielts Bands 5-6.5 Workbook Without Answers
English Journal
The English Journal, Volume 8, offers a rich collection of articles and insights for educators focused on secondary English language arts. Published by the National Council of Teachers of English, this volume delves into various aspects of teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and practical strategies for engaging students in the study of English. It provides valuable resources and perspectives for teachers seeking to enhance their instructional practices and foster a deeper appreciation for literature and language among their students. A key resource for educators dedicated to improving English language instruction at the secondary level.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Praktische Methode
Praktische Methode: Englisch Sprechen Und Denken by Bernhard Teichmann offers a practical approach to learning and mastering the English language. Designed for learners seeking to improve their speaking and thinking skills in English, this book provides a comprehensive method that emphasizes practical application and real-world communication. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, this guide provides valuable techniques and exercises to enhance your fluency and confidence. Discover a structured approach to learning English that combines essential grammar with everyday conversational skills. Unlock your potential and start speaking and thinking in English today!This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ahn's American Interpreter
"Ahn's American Interpreter" is a comprehensive self-study guide designed for German speakers seeking to learn English. Originally titled "Ahn's Amerikanischer Dolmetscher F?1/4r Deutsche, Zum Erlernen Der Englischen Sprache Ohne Lehrer," this book provides a structured approach to mastering the English language without a teacher. It features guidance on English pronunciation, a concise grammar section, and easy-to-understand examples. The book includes practical conversations and extensive vocabulary collections, making it an invaluable resource for learners aiming to acquire everyday English proficiency. Ideal for independent study, this guide offers a solid foundation for German speakers to confidently navigate the English language.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
English Journal
The English Journal, Volume 8, offers a rich collection of articles and insights for educators focused on secondary English language arts. Published by the National Council of Teachers of English, this volume delves into various aspects of teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and practical strategies for engaging students in the study of English. It provides valuable resources and perspectives for teachers seeking to enhance their instructional practices and foster a deeper appreciation for literature and language among their students. A key resource for educators dedicated to improving English language instruction at the secondary level.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exploring Creativity Through Writing
The book explores the importance of creativity in education with reference to past and ongoing work on creativity theory. It aims to direct the attention of teachers to the need for creativity in education by dispelling the mystique surrounding it, and the apprehension it may evoke in educators, particularly in the Asia region.
Complete Ielts Bands 4-5 Student's Book Without Answers
Complete IELTS combines the very best in contemporary classroom practice with stimulating topics aimed at young adults wanting to study at university. It is designed to introduce students to the critical thinking required for IELTS and provide strategies and skills to maximise their score. The 10 topic-based units offer step-by-step approach to completing the different task-types for reading and listening and stimulating speaking activities to increase confidence and fluency. A Language Reference provides further grammar and vocabulary explanations and examples while Writing and Speaking References complete with tasks, sample answers and exercises. The Student's Book includes a full IELTS practice test. Audio files, containing the recordings for the listening exercises, are available online.
Complete Ielts Bands 5-6.5 Workbook with Answers
Ahn's American Interpreter
"Ahn's American Interpreter" is a comprehensive self-study guide designed for German speakers seeking to learn English. Originally titled "Ahn's Amerikanischer Dolmetscher F?1/4r Deutsche, Zum Erlernen Der Englischen Sprache Ohne Lehrer," this book provides a structured approach to mastering the English language without a teacher. It features guidance on English pronunciation, a concise grammar section, and easy-to-understand examples. The book includes practical conversations and extensive vocabulary collections, making it an invaluable resource for learners aiming to acquire everyday English proficiency. Ideal for independent study, this guide offers a solid foundation for German speakers to confidently navigate the English language.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Culture-Based Blended Learning Approaches in English as an International or Foreign Language
This book provides rich information about the historical development and progress of blended learning with a focus on the field of English as an International (EIL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) area. A valuable resource to researchers, educators, and higher degree students interested in second and foreign language education.
Teaching Pronunciation
Teaching Pronunciation Second edition is a comprehensive treatment of pronunciation pedagogy. The second edition of Teaching Pronunciation - a reference and activity book in one - has been revised to reflect recent research into the sound system of North American English, as well as new practices in pronunciation pedagogy. The audio files to be used with the book are provided online.
The Language of Thought
IBDP English A: Language and Literature Paper 1: Master It with Precision, Purpose, and PowerThe Language of Thought by Ruchi N.P. Singh is the definitive guide for students aiming to achieve top marks in IB English A: Language and Literature Paper 1. Combining over 18 years of global teaching expertise with deep insight into the IB assessment rubrics, Singh demystifies the challenges of analyzing unseen texts under exam pressure. Packed with clear strategies, annotated model responses, and step-by-step techniques, this guide empowers students to read critically, write analytically, and approach Paper 1 with confidence. Whether you're analysing a cartoon, an op-ed, or a PSA, this book shows you how to think like a top scorer and write like one too.Clarity over confusion. Strategy over stress. Get ready to own Paper 1.
Exploring Creativity Through Writing
The book explores the importance of creativity in education with reference to past and ongoing work on creativity theory. It aims to direct the attention of teachers to the need for creativity in education by dispelling the mystique surrounding it, and the apprehension it may evoke in educators, particularly in the Asia region.
Business English Study - Elementary 7 - Food & Beverage
Business English Study - Elementary 7 - looks at Food & Beverage: Coca-Cola, Ben & Jerry's, Red Bull, McDonald's and Beyond Meat. Each module contains: Business Skills, Grammar point, Listening practice, Reading exercise, Vocabulary building, Pronunciation, and Role-plays. Business English Study produces a variety of books that are an excellent resource for Business English Tutors who want to inspire their students, and offer career opportunities. Business English Study creates cutting-edge learning materials that honour great entrepreneurs, brands, and companies. At BusinessEnglishStudy.com students can use our free study materials, find excellent tutors, apply for jobs at the case-study companies, and join total immersion courses in London UK. Our mission is to support your Business English learning and connect you to valuable industry contacts
Complete Ielts Bands 6.5-7.5 Workbook Without Answers
Complete Ielts Bands 4-5 Workbook Without Answers
Complete Ielts Bands 4-5 Workbook with Answers
Romeo and Juliet
Learn English with the world's most famous love story - now in easy English for A1+ learners!Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, family problems and tragic choices. This special edition uses simple English - you can read it easily and with confidence.Why do learners love my books?"Much more effective than language learning apps." - Marie from France"Beautiful book. Perfect for my level. Exciting and intriguing!" - Cristina from ItalyThis book is made for you if you want to: Read in English without feeling lost or frustratedPractise familiar words and learn new ones - with clear definitions at the backAbsorb grammar and everyday English naturally, as you readFeel proud for reading a real English classicExtra learning activities are available on my website!Book details: Word count: 4 300 wordsHeadwords: 700
An Outline of Anglo-Saxon Grammar From the Appendix of Harrison & Baskervill's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
"An Outline of Anglo-Saxon Grammar" offers a concise guide to the grammatical structures of Old English. Extracted from the appendix of Harrison & Baskervill's esteemed Anglo-Saxon dictionary, this outline provides a structured approach to understanding the complexities of the Anglo-Saxon language. It covers fundamental elements such as noun declensions, verb conjugations, and syntactic rules, offering students and scholars a valuable resource for mastering Old English. Originally designed to complement the dictionary, this standalone outline serves as an accessible introduction to Anglo-Saxon grammar, making it an essential addition to any linguistic library. This edition preserves the historical integrity of the original work, ensuring its continued relevance for modern learners and researchers alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Outline of Anglo-Saxon Grammar From the Appendix of Harrison & Baskervill's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
"An Outline of Anglo-Saxon Grammar" offers a concise guide to the grammatical structures of Old English. Extracted from the appendix of Harrison & Baskervill's esteemed Anglo-Saxon dictionary, this outline provides a structured approach to understanding the complexities of the Anglo-Saxon language. It covers fundamental elements such as noun declensions, verb conjugations, and syntactic rules, offering students and scholars a valuable resource for mastering Old English. Originally designed to complement the dictionary, this standalone outline serves as an accessible introduction to Anglo-Saxon grammar, making it an essential addition to any linguistic library. This edition preserves the historical integrity of the original work, ensuring its continued relevance for modern learners and researchers alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Classified English Vocabulary
"A Classified English Vocabulary" is a comprehensive resource designed to enhance and expand the user's understanding and command of the English language. This book meticulously categorizes a wide array of English words, making it an invaluable tool for students, educators, and anyone seeking to improve their vocabulary. With its systematic approach, the book facilitates efficient learning and retention, enabling users to quickly locate and study words related to specific topics. Whether preparing for exams, writing reports, or simply aiming to communicate more effectively, this vocabulary guide provides the necessary support to achieve your language goals. Discover the richness and depth of the English language with this indispensable reference.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Classified English Vocabulary
"A Classified English Vocabulary" is a comprehensive resource designed to enhance and expand the user's understanding and command of the English language. This book meticulously categorizes a wide array of English words, making it an invaluable tool for students, educators, and anyone seeking to improve their vocabulary. With its systematic approach, the book facilitates efficient learning and retention, enabling users to quickly locate and study words related to specific topics. Whether preparing for exams, writing reports, or simply aiming to communicate more effectively, this vocabulary guide provides the necessary support to achieve your language goals. Discover the richness and depth of the English language with this indispensable reference.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modal Verbs
Learning requires not only grammatical knowledge, but also the ability to express thoughts correctly and clearly in communication. In this regard, modal verbs in English (can, could, must, have to, may, might, need, should, shall, will, would) occupy a special place as important grammatical units. Through them, the student can express meanings such as probability, obligation, permission, opportunity and necessity.This methodological manual is dedicated to the topic "Modal Verbs", in which language learners will get acquainted with the meaning, use and differences of modal verbs. The manual also contains many examples of the correct use of modal verbs, interactive exercises, creative tasks and dialogues related to real-life situations.This guide is designed for teachers, students, and independent learners to help them develop fluency and correct English speaking skills through in-depth mastery of modal verbs. Learn modal verbs - they will give you freedom and clarity in expressing your thoughts!
English Colloquial Phrases
English Colloquial Phrases is a comprehensive guide to understanding and using common English expressions. Alphabetically arranged, this unique resource provides a free translation into German, a literal translation of the German back into English, and the positioning of German words in English sentences. This thorough approach aids German speakers in grasping the nuances of English colloquialisms. In addition to translations, the book offers a complete explanation of the sounds of English, making it an invaluable tool for language learners seeking to improve their pronunciation and comprehension. Whether for academic study or practical use, this book serves as an enduring reference for mastering the subtleties of English colloquial speech and enhancing cross-linguistic communication.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
English Colloquial Phrases
English Colloquial Phrases is a comprehensive guide to understanding and using common English expressions. Alphabetically arranged, this unique resource provides a free translation into German, a literal translation of the German back into English, and the positioning of German words in English sentences. This thorough approach aids German speakers in grasping the nuances of English colloquialisms. In addition to translations, the book offers a complete explanation of the sounds of English, making it an invaluable tool for language learners seeking to improve their pronunciation and comprehension. Whether for academic study or practical use, this book serves as an enduring reference for mastering the subtleties of English colloquial speech and enhancing cross-linguistic communication.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.