Lepidoptera Indica; vol. 3
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Biomolecular Approaches and Drugs for Neurodegeneration
This reprint presents a collection of recent contributions addressing the urgent challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. In more detail, it explores therapeutic convergence through natural products, drug repurposing, and biomolecular targets, while also examining specific topics like the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cholesterol metabolism in microglia, and innovative approaches to prion inhibition. We also report on studies highlighting mitochondria as key modulators of neurodegeneration. The work also presents nutraceutical strategies in Parkinson's disease (PD) models and investigates anti-inflammatory compounds able to regulate microglial activity. The reprint further expands on the neuroprotective potential of plant-derived molecules, adrenergic receptor signaling in AD, immune system involvement in multiple sclerosis, and therapeutic strategies for spinocerebellar ataxia. Collectively, the different topics discussed in this work emphasize the multifaceted nature of neurodegeneration research, demonstrating how molecular insights, pharmacological innovation, and translational approaches converge to pave the way for future neurotherapies.
Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition)
The Special Issue (SI) entitled 'Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition)' has collected ten research papers focusing on different aspects of crystallization of metallic materials, e.g., solidification and continuous casting, crystal plasticity and recrystallization during deformation, laser cladding of the composite coatings, and non-metallic inclusions, as well as mechanical properties evolution of different engineering materials, e.g., non-oriented silicon steels (3 papers), stainless steels, Inconel alloys, aluminum alloys, etc. Both experimental and simulation studies relating to crystallization topics have been reported among the contributions. In addition, two review articles on crystal plasticity and antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys are presented in this Special Issue. This editorial summary aims to highlight the state of the art in the development of crystallization behaviors in different metallic materials.
Environmental Transport and Transformation of Pollutants
The presence of various pollutants in the environment causes concern due to their potential adverse effects on the ecosystem and human beings. Pollutants such as heavy metals, chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, per- and poly-fluorinated compounds, pesticides, antibiotics, micro- and nano-plastics, etc., may be transported and transformed in the environment, and these processes are influenced by many factors, such as the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the pollutants, the physio-chemical and biological properties of the matrix, and environmental conditions. Understanding the environmental processes of pollutants as well as their effects helps to establish sound science-based regulations and develop effective management practices. This Special Issue offers insights into advanced research in the environmental processes of pollutants. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Technologies for measurements of pollutants; (2) Approaches to characterize environmental transport and transformation; (3) Methods to predict and quantify environmental processes; (4) Assessments of interactions between pollutants and the environmental matrix; (5) Effects of transport and transformation of pollutants.
Underwater Acoustic Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries
This Reprint brings together nine studies that illustrate the essential role of acoustic methods in modern fisheries science and ecosystem conservation. It highlights practical and advanced applications that support sustainable fisheries, enhance monitoring accuracy, and facilitate broader ecological research.Key topics include foundational work on Target Strength (TS) estimation, crucial for species identification and biomass assessment. Several papers address challenges in broadband quantification, validate theoretical models such as the KRM, and establish TS-length relationships important for reliable resource evaluation. Other contributions examine the use of scientific echosounders to analyze species' spatiotemporal distribution and to assess fish stock recovery in inland waters, offering strong evidence for the effectiveness of conservation policies such as China's fishing ban.This Reprint also features studies that utilize acoustic cameras to monitor large aquatic organisms. Some works combine imaging acoustics with deep learning and tracking algorithms to achieve automated and efficient target identification and counting. This Reprint also extends to passive acoustic monitoring, which provides non-invasive insights into endangered species such as the Yangtze Finless Porpoise, informing conservation strategies.
Advances in the Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Material Joining Processes (Second Edition)
Nowadays, structural design is facing major challenges in the associated joining processes, such as material selection, different thermal coefficients and melting points, multi-material joining, the joining of thin-walled structures, traditional process effectiveness for new materials, cost-efficiency and ecological issues. To provide a strong, reliable and lightweight solutions for a given application, designers should either consider hybrid joining or choose from a large variety of available processes, such as welding, brazing, riveting, mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, clinching, friction stir welding, laser welding and diffusion welding, amongst others. These joining processes have evolved towards optimization and cost reduction in the early design stages in terms of their implementation and industrialization, destructive and non-destructive testing and either analytical or numerical modeling. Numerical modeling is particularly effective for simulating complex geometries, different load scenarios and materials with plasticity or anisotropy. The finite element method, together with fracture mechanics techniques, is a powerful and common approach employed in the scientific community, but less applied for the study of complex loads, such as high strain rates, fatigue or impact, and it is seldom used in the industry. To develop state-of-the-art techniques and disseminate the recent advances in all types of joining, either experimental or numerical, this Reprint brings together a significant number of high-quality contributions to this field of research through innovative and original works.
Advanced Research on Hydraulic Engineering and Hydrological Modelling
Hydraulics and hydrology are ancient disciplines that play a crucial role in ensuring water security, safeguarding water environments, and maintaining water ecology. In recent years, the construction of high dams, such as the Baihetan Project, has not only resolved numerous problems but has also generated a wealth of practical theories, advanced techniques, and valuable practical experiences in the fields of hydraulics and hydrology. Physical models, numerical models, and prototype measurements are traditional research methods. However, with the rapid advancement of emerging technologies like information technology and big data, the integration of these technologies with hydraulics and hydrology has emerged as a prominent research topic in the current academic landscape. It is essential to summarize and disseminate the above-mentioned research findings to further promote the development of this area of interest. We hope that the work contained within this Reprint will be useful to the scientific community, policymakers, and stakeholders in the field of hydraulics and hydrology at large.
Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Technology for Wastewater Treatment
The world faces growing water scarcity and pollution, intensified by socioeconomic development and rising demand for clean water. Annually, about 359.4 billion m3 of wastewater is generated globally, with nearly half discharged untreated. Conventional treatment plants, while widely used, are energy-intensive, rely heavily on chemicals, incompletely remove emerging contaminants and pathogens, emit significant greenhouse gases, and operate separately from natural ecosystems. Sustainable, cost-effective alternatives are urgently needed. Constructed wetlands mimic natural wetland processes-using plants, substrates, and microorganisms-to effectively remove pollutants. Recognized as eco-friendly and efficient nature-based solutions, they offer multiple benefits, including water purification, resource recovery, carbon sequestration, stormwater management, biodiversity support, and opportunities for education and recreation. This Reprint tackles current challenges in constructed wetlands, such as carbon emission reduction and removal of emerging contaminants. The studies provide insights to advance innovative applications and enhance the mechanistic understanding of wetlands for sustainable pollution control.
Renewable Energy Sources towards a Zero-Emission Economy
Renewable energy sources are a key pillar of the transformation of the economy towards zero carbon emissions. Research into biomass, photovoltaics, wind energy, and hydropower plays an important role in advancing knowledge and supporting the development of modern energy systems. Research into renewable energy sources addresses not only efficiency but also environmental impact, technological innovation, and integration with the existing infrastructure. Progress in these areas is essential to achieving global sustainable development goals and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Transforming the economy towards climate neutrality is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Achieving zero emissions requires profound changes not only in the energy sector but also in industry, agriculture, and socioeconomic systems. Renewable energy sources-such as wind, solar energy, hydropower, and biomass-are the foundation of this transformation, which is reflected in scientific research and public policy. In the face of increasing climate change and rising energy demand, the global economy increasingly relies on stable and sustainable energy resources, fueling the search for efficient and environmentally friendly green solutions. Transitioning to carbon-free energy systems is not only a technological challenge but also a social, economic, and organizational one. Research has addressed technological efficiency, environmental impact, governance models, and system-wide integration.
Lithium-Ion and Next-Generation Batteries Recycling
The progressive expansion of electromobility will lead to an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the future and thus inevitably to a drastically increased demand for raw materials for battery materials. The recycling and reuse of the individual components therefore serves as an important link in achieving a circular economy, whereby the dependence on geographically unevenly distributed elements and the associated costs can be reduced and the sustainability within the value chain improved.Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and upcoming cell chemistries like sodium-ion or lithium-sulfur batteries are and will be an integral part of our modern way of life, particularly in portable electronic devices and the emerging field of electric mobility. Ongoing research in the field, with the overarching aim of achieving higher energy densities and enabling lower material costs, has led to the continuous development of new cell chemistries specifically adapted to different requirements. The resulting high complexity of battery systems in combination with varying battery lifetimes leads to a heterogeneous flow of used end-of-life cells. In view of this, the establishment of universal, flexible, and robust recycling processes remains a major challenge, which is why it is crucial to thoroughly analyze and optimize the current state of the art and adapt it to future types and cell chemistries.
Advances in Wine Physicochemical Properties, Sensory Attributes, and Health Benefits
This Reprint, prepared within the Special Issue "Advances in Wine Physicochemical Properties, Sensory Attributes, and Health Benefits", presents a collection of published articles that highlight current progress in understanding the composition, quality, and potential health-related properties of wine. The collected contributions reflect the diversity and innovation of contemporary wine science. They explore topics ranging from the influence of vineyard environment and winemaking practices on the aromatic and phenolic profile of wines to the use of advanced analytical techniques such as non-destructive spectroscopy and chemometric modeling. Special attention is given to identifying compounds responsible for physicochemical characteristics, sensory perception, and antioxidant activity, supporting the view of wine as a potential functional food. Additional studies examine the role of microorganisms, the impact of technological innovations, and consumer perception, opening opportunities for wines tailored to evolving market expectations and health-conscious lifestyles.By assembling these insights, this Reprint offers a clear overview of the latest research directions and demonstrates how multidisciplinary approaches continue to deepen understanding of wine as a complex chemical, sensory, and biological system. It provides a valuable resource for readers interested in the scientific foundations of wine quality and its potential contribution to well-being.
Simulation, Experiment and Modeling of Coal Fires
This Special Issue brings together 12 pioneering articles dedicated to an in-depth analysis of coal fires, a global disaster, through various research paradigms including simulation, experimentation, and modeling. The content focuses on three core areas: i. At the microscopic mechanisms level, it investigates the effects of solvent extraction on the functional groups and molecular structures of coal, combined with thermodynamic analysis, to fundamentally reveal the physicochemical properties of spontaneous combustion. ii. In the field of monitoring and early warning, it presents advanced monitoring solutions ranging from optimizing traditional gas indicators to deploying Distributed Temperature Sensing Systems, while innovatively applying artificial intelligence models such as deep learning for the precise prediction of secondary disasters like gas explosion. iii. Regarding engineering prevention and control, it investigates airflow leakage patterns in gob areas under advanced mining techniques, proposing targeted, field-verified sealing and fire prevention strategies. The Special Issue also includes comprehensive reviews on the research landscape and looks forward to exploring innovative pathways for recovering and converting waste heat from fire zones using a combined device of TPCTs and TGs, presenting a new vision that integrates disaster management with resource utilization. Collectively, the research in this Special Issue provides a vital theoretical and technical foundation for understanding the mechanisms of coal fires, and for achieving their precise prevention, control, and sustainable governance.
Development of Boron-Based Materials
This Special Issue Reprint, "Development of Boron-Based Materials", compiles recent advances in the design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical modeling of boron-based compounds. Boron, with its unique electron-deficient bonding, gives rise to diverse materials including clusters, sheets, glasses, and bulk ceramics with remarkable mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. The nine contributions, together with the editorial, highlight both fundamental and applied aspects of boron-based materials science. Covered topics include low-dimensional boron allotropes such as borophenes, boron-rich carbides and borides, cluster-based composites, oxyhalide borate glasses, and borometallic molecular structures. The Reprint also addresses emerging applications in areas such as superconductivity, superhard coatings, radiation shielding, and chemical sensing. By combining theoretical and experimental perspectives, this Reprint offers an updated resource for scientists working in chemistry, physics, and materials engineering.
Experimental Testing, Manufacturing and Numerical Modelling of Composite and Sandwich Structures (Second Edition)
Composite materials can be used in a wide range of applications, including aerospace, automotive, construction, sports equipment, and electronics. These materials have a high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent fatigue and corrosion resistance, and low thermal expansion. However, there are still issues that need to be solved, including high production costs, difficulty in repairing damage, susceptibility to delamination and other types of damage, and characterization/modelling difficulties. Recent research has focused on issues such as advanced manufacturing techniques (including 3D printing and digital manufacturing), nanocomposites (to improve strength and stiffness, or thermal and electrical conductivity), sustainable composites (using renewable or recycled materials), multifunctional composites (taking advantage of shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and carbon nanotubes), bioinspired composites (spider silk, seashells, and bone, and their unique properties' replication in synthetic materials), and numerical modelling (new approaches to simulate complex behaviour). Composite sandwich structures are widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness, and durability. To advance the state-of-the-art and spread the recent advances in all composite-related matters, this Reprint gathers a significant number of contributions in this area through high-quality original or review works.
Advancing Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Service Using Satellite Navigation Technology
This Reprint aims to comprehensively explore the expansive and ever-evolving realm of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) technologies, with a primary focus on those rooted in satellite navigation systems. It serves as an in-depth platform for delving into a wide array of significant topics, including, but not limited to, the seamless integration of multiple PNT sources for enhanced accuracy and reliability, the development of resilient PNT systems capable of withstanding challenging environments, miniaturized micro PNT innovations tailored for small-scale devices, secure PNT frameworks to safeguard against cyber threats, advancements in GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and PPP-Real-Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) for centimeter-level real-time positioning, precision in GNSS timing for critical applications, refined GNSS orbit determination and modeling for improved system performance, atmospheric sensing utilizing GNSS signals for weather forecasting, research into the impact of ionospheric disturbances and space weather on GNSS signals, and the integration of navigation with smart applications, as well as exploring satellite navigation countermeasures and the future potential of Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) PNT and broadband PNT constellations leveraging signals of opportunity.
Energy Conversion Materials/Devices and Their Applications
This Reprint highlights recent advances in energy conversion materials and devices that are shaping the next generation of sustainable technologies. As global demands for clean and efficient energy systems continue to rise, researchers are developing innovative materials, architectures, and mechanisms that improve performance, safety, stability, and environmental compatibility. The collected articles offer a broad yet coherent view of these developments, covering progress in high-efficiency batteries, lead-free and solution-processed photovoltaics, electrochromic and optoelectronic devices, and broadband optical materials. Key contributions include strategies for stabilizing lithium metal and high-capacity cathodes, emerging concepts for sodium-ion storage, nanoscale engineering of electrochromic films, and advances in lead-free perovskite solar materials. The Reprint also explores cutting-edge light-emitting technologies and broadband near-infrared glass systems that expand the capabilities of telecommunications and sensing.Together, these works demonstrate how materials innovation and device engineering can accelerate the transition toward cleaner and smarter energy solutions. This Reprint provides a timely overview for researchers, engineers, and practitioners seeking actionable insights across the rapidly evolving landscape of energy conversion technologies.
Establishment of State-of-the-Art Methods/Techniques and Identification of Novel Biomarkers in Brain Tumor Diagnosis
Rapid progress in brain tumor diagnostics is reshaping practice across neuro-oncology. In line with the newly updated WHO classification of CNS tumors, which formalizes an integrated diagnosis that combines histopathological criteria with tumor-specific molecular signatures, current research is expanding the set of markers and tools that refine tumor recognition and classification. Parallel advances in methodology are streamlining workflows and improving diagnostic accuracy.This Special Issue presents recent advancements and breakthroughs in brain tumor diagnosis. It focuses on the discovery and validation of novel biomarkers, the development and assessment of new diagnostic techniques, and the implementation of state-of-the-art methods for detection and classification. Content spans neuroimaging, molecular biology, pathology, and clinical diagnosis, with an emphasis on approaches that support precision diagnostics and inform treatment selection.
Sketches of Western Canada 1873-1899
Landscapes, rivers, resources, geology, indigenous peoples... all these subjects were of interest to geologist-explorer George M. Dawson (1849-1901) as he travelled the prairies, Rockies, British Columbia, Yukon and beyond.These sketches are collected from his personal notebooks at McGill University Archives and his field notebooks at the National Archives from his work with the Geological Survey of Canada, of which he was Assistant Director (1883-) and Director (1895-1901). Raised in upper-class Victorian Montreal (his father Sir William was principal of McGill) he was well educated and, beyond his work as a scientist, excelled at drawing, watercolours and photography. Prepared by Peter D. Geldart
The End of Particle Age
For more than a century, modern physics has been built on particles, forces, and invisible constructs that explain less while contradicting more. Each new discovery has added layers of abstraction-virtual particles, wave-particle duality, dark matter, dark energy, singularities-turning clarity into complexity and coherence into patchwork.The End of Particle Age presents a decisive shift away from this fragmented worldview.In this bold and rigorously reasoned work, independent physicist and philosopher Sandeep J. Chavan proposes a continuous-field reinterpretation of physical reality based on his original frameworks: Universal Energy Dynamics (UED) and Ripple Field Dynamics (RFD). Rather than treating the universe as a collection of discrete objects, this book reveals reality as the behavior of a single, continuous field-where matter, light, gravity, and motion emerge from ripple structures, gradients, coherence, and equilibrium-seeking dynamics.Particles are reinterpreted as stable field patterns.Forces dissolve into gradient behavior.Quantum paradoxes vanish as coherence transitions.Cosmological mysteries no longer require invisible substances or speculative fixes.Across a carefully structured narrative, the book dismantles the particle worldview and rebuilds physics from the field up. Electrons become ripple-knots, photons become alignment propagation, gravity becomes natural gradient flow, and black holes are understood as high-density field states rather than singularities. The long-standing conflict between quantum mechanics and relativity is shown to be an artifact of fragmented assumptions, not a fundamental problem of nature.Beyond theory, The End of Particle Age explores the practical consequences of a field-centric universe-opening pathways toward field engineering, gravity control through gradient shaping, coherence-based computation, ripple-aligned energy systems, and future medical technologies rooted in field stability rather than biochemical intervention.Written in a clear, conversational style without heavy mathematics, this book is designed for physicists, researchers, engineers, students, and serious science readers who seek conceptual clarity rather than technical intimidation. It does not ask the reader to abandon science, but to complete it.This is not a rebellion against physics.It is a correction of its assumptions.The End of Particle Age marks the transition from fragmentation to continuity-and invites the reader into the emerging Field Age of science.
Battery Management in Electric Vehicles
Li-ion batteries (LiBs) are central to the global transition toward zero-carbon energy and the achievement of the COP26 target of net-zero emissions by mid-century. However, their rapid adoption presents a range of challenges. As demand for LiBs increases, especially in electric vehicles (EVs), concerns about their environmental impact and the stability of supply chains are mounting. The key materials used in LiBs are finite and concentrated in specific regions, heightening the risk of supply disruptions. Additionally, the eventual disposal of large quantities of battery waste introduces further complications. To address these challenges, the implementation of advanced battery management techniques in electric vehicles is essential. These strategies can enhance battery performance, extend their lifespan, enable secondary applications, and promote the recycling and reuse of EV batteries, thereby mitigating both environmental and supply chain risks. This Reprint seeks to update the scientific community on the latest advancements and future trends in EV battery management. It encompasses a broad spectrum of developments, ranging from foundational battery research to cutting-edge approaches like electro-thermal modeling, state-of-health estimation, thermal runaway analysis, aging and degradation studies in lithium batteries, and the development of modular battery management system (BMS) topologies. These innovations aim to optimize battery performance, improve efficiency, and ensure the long-term reliability of EV batteries.
Climate Change and Hydrological Processes
Water is one of the essential elements sustaining human life and security. In recent years, the emergence and intensification of extreme climatic events have increasingly compromised water availability and quality, profoundly affecting people's well-being. Periods of drought have intensified water scarcity, while, conversely, rainfall has become more intense and frequent in various regions around the world. Within this evolving climatic context, the need to evaluate, forecast, and mitigate the occurrence and effects of extreme events has become a pressing priority-not only as a subject of scientific investigation but also as a matter of great importance for policymakers and decision-makers seeking to prevent or reduce their inherent impacts. Therefore, this reprint focuses on a range of interrelated topics, including the influence of climate change on water runoff processes, the projection of flash-flood susceptibility under different climate scenarios, and the variability of maximum river discharges in response to changing climatic conditions. It also addresses the impacts of climate change on the frequency and severity of droughts, the challenges of assessing risk and uncertainty in detecting drought events, and the need for both quantitative and qualitative analyses of extreme hydrological occurrences. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of evaluating hazards and risks in drought assessment, integrating environmental economics into flood and drought risk management, and modeling the complex relationships between climatic variables and hydrological processes.
Success by Design
If you have read Napoleon Hill, Dale Carnegie, Tony Robbins, and James Clear - Think and Grow Rich, How to Win Friends and Influence People, Awaken the Giant Within, and Atomic Habits - then this book is a must-read. It synthesises mindset, habit design, influence, and personal empowerment into a practical roadmap that turns vision into consistent action.Most people think success is about finding the right strategy. Get the system, follow the rules, wait for life to change.It doesn't work like that.This is not a manual, a fluffy spiritual, nor a religious text. It's a field guide to your own operating system-how it was programmed, how it's quietly sabotaging you, and how to redesign it so that wealth, performance and calm become side-effects of who you are, not rare accidents.After more than twenty-five years trading the markets, building companies, and coaching thousands of students, Lewis Daniels arrived at a blunt conclusion: the real bottleneck isn't information, it's the invisible code running you.Two students can learn the same techniques from the same mentor. One quietly compounds into six-figure payouts. The other fails. Same logic. Same information. Different results. The difference lies in the connection between what you believe you are ("I am..."), the state your mind and body live in, and the patterns you don't even know you're following.In this book, Lewis joins dots most people never put in the same room.From wealth mindset, faith and the deeper mechanics of "I AM," to visualisation that actually rewires behaviour instead of staying as daydreams; from the real "science of attraction" in psychology, body language and even quantum models, to why the Great Pyramid still embarrasses modern engineering; how frequencies and music can program emotion and belief. There's a lot more to the "self-help" than you realise.If you're ready to stop blaming external factors, luck or "how life is" and start editing the code that actually runs your results, Success by Design will show you where the switches are-and how to flip them.
Chilled
Heat and fire have been at humanity's command for at least 100,000 years, but we've been in control of the cold for barely one hundred. Why it took so long is quite a story. Controlling cold would involve gnomes, performing maggots and a fresh chicken bought in a blizzard. And that control has transformed our relationship with food, but it also makes space flight and quantum computers possible - and party balloons. And one day we might use cold to drive a teleportation machine or suspend the moment of death forever. In Chilled, science writer Tom Jackson delivers the cold, hard facts on our battle to keep things refrigerated, from the ice houses of Persia to today, and shows that the whirring box in the kitchen represents a genuine wonder of civilisation.
Advances in Hydro-Geological Research in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Hydrogeological research in arid and semi-arid regions has entered a new stage driven by interdisciplinary integration and technological innovation, providing crucial support for the sustainable management of water-scarce areas. Research continues to make breakthroughs in core areas such as groundwater cycle mechanisms, hydrogeological modeling, and the coupling of landscape and hydrological processes. Through techniques such as hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope analysis and the chlorine mass balance method, diverse recharge sources and slow cycle characteristics have been clarified. The integration of open-source tools with remote sensing, GIS, and artificial intelligence has not only reduced the cost of constructing three-dimensional hydrogeological framework models but also enabled more precise drought risk assessment and dynamic water resource monitoring. For special systems such as desert springs and karst aquifers, the unique gushing mechanisms and hydrochemical laws have been elucidated. Furthermore, through field infiltration tests and data analysis, the impacts of soil type and land use on hydrological processes have been clarified, providing a scientific basis for land use planning and watershed management. Today, research methods that combine multi-source data fusion and field and laboratory work are becoming increasingly mature. Interdisciplinary collaboration has further streamlined the chain from mechanism research to application, enabling hydrogeological research results to serve practical needs such as water resource optimization, ecological protection, and climate change adaptation more efficiently.
Environmental Exposure to Microplastics
This Reprint compiles key research addressing the pervasive challenge of microplastic pollution. Moving beyond detection, the included studies critically examine toxicological effects and exposure pathways from a One Health perspective.The synthesis reveals that microplastics act as carriers for co-pollutants like phthalates and pharmaceuticals, enhancing their bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic and mammalian models. Toxicological impact depends strongly on polymer type, with polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride eliciting distinct biological responses. Fieldwork from regions like the Yangtze River Estuary and Pakistan's freshwater ecosystems documents environmental distribution and confirms widespread wildlife ingestion. Innovative non-invasive methods, such as analyzing white stork pellets, are highlighted as effective biomonitoring tools. A key focus is human exposure, identifying the mechanical fragmentation of everyday plastics as a significant, overlooked pathway. Studies on wastewater treatment plants show that while microplastics are partially removed, persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals in effluent remain an ecological concern.By integrating toxicology, environmental monitoring, and risk assessment, this Reprint serves as a comprehensive scientific resource. It provides an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, and students seeking an evidence-based understanding of microplastic impacts on ecosystem stability, animal health, and public health.
XVIII International Seminars on Overarching Issues of the European Area
The Reprint "XVIII International Seminars on Overarching Issues of the European Area" gathers twenty peer-reviewed papers presented in Porto, Portugal, between 23 and 26 May 2024. This Reprint explores the intersections between sustainability, innovation, and territorial development, offering multidisciplinary insights into how societies can respond to global and local challenges. The contributions address various topics, including rural innovation, wildfire risk management, climate change adaptation, sustainable tourism, cultural heritage, governance, and social cohesion. These works provide an integrated understanding of the transformations shaping territories in the twenty-first century and highlight the importance of place-based and community-oriented approaches to building more resilient futures.
Feature Papers for Land Systems and Global Change Section
This Reprint presents a concise selection of recent studies that deepen our understanding of land system dynamics under accelerating global change. Land systems arise from interactions among ecological processes, human activities, and socio-economic structures, and their evolution is increasingly shaped by multiple, intertwined pressures. The contributions highlight how climate variability, urban growth, institutional change, and ecological degradation jointly drive land transformation, often producing nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous outcomes. Several studies investigate how land use transitions alter ecosystem functions such as soil stability, hydrological regulation, and cultural benefits. Case analyses from diverse regions show that landscape patterns and ecological resilience respond differently across environmental and developmental contexts, emphasizing the need for locally tailored strategies. Urban environments feature prominently, with research assessing ecological efficiency, green infrastructure, and the impacts of rapid urbanization on environmental stress. These findings demonstrate the dual role of cities as both drivers of land system change and critical arenas for nature-based solutions. Other contributions address governance and conceptual challenges, including land resource equity and the need for coherent planning frameworks.
Environmental Catalysis in Advanced Oxidation Processes, 2nd Edition
The reprint, 'Environmental Catalysis in Advanced Oxidation Processes, 2nd Edition', presents a comprehensive collection of eleven high-quality contributions addressing recent advances in catalytic and photocatalytic technologies for environmental remediation. This reprint highlights the design, synthesis, and characterisation of novel heterogeneous catalysts and their application in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants and wastewater treatment. The featured studies cover diverse approaches, including photo-Fenton systems, peroxydisulfate activation, catalytic wet air oxidation, and semiconductor-based photocatalysis, with emphasis on both radical and non-radical oxidation pathways. Innovative reactor concepts, such as 3D-printed and rotating photo-disc reactors, are explored alongside investigations of noble and non-noble metal catalysts, biochar-based materials, and metal-free systems. Collectively, the contributions provide mechanistic insights and demonstrate how process intensification, material engineering, and light management can enhance pollutant removal efficiency. This reprint is intended for researchers, engineers, and students in catalysis, environmental chemistry, and process engineering, offering a timely overview of state-of-the-art strategies to address global environmental challenges.
Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is one of the most important steelmaking routes and currently accounts for approximately thirty percent of worldwide crude steel production. The share of scrap-based EAF steelmaking is expected to continue rising in the coming decades. In addition, EAF steelmaking provides the basis for plans to melt direct reduced iron (DRI) produced using hydrogen reduction. Accompanied by an editorial, this Reprint presents eight peer-reviewed articles from the Special Issue "Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking", published in the journal Metals.
Application of Microfluidic Technology in Bioengineering
Microfluidic technology, commonly referred to as lab-on-a-chip technology, represents a state-of-the-art research domain. It primarily centers on the manipulation and precise control of minute volumes of fluids within micrometer-sized channels. This innovative field has captured substantial attention on account of its distinctive characteristics. These features, such as miniaturization, integration, high precision, automation, and remarkable versatility, endow it with the status of a potent instrument for fluid manipulation and sample analysis across a wide spectrum of applications. These applications span multiple disciplines, including biomedical engineering, chemistry, materials science, and environmental sciences. The Special Issue under discussion is dedicated to the application of microfluidic technology in bioengineering. It encompasses a collection of 13 papers, comprising one Editorial, nine Research Articles, and three Reviews. These papers comprehensively cover the latest advancements in microfluidics, including single-cell manipulation and detection, liquid biopsy, molecular diagnosis, interface design, and simulation modeling. The contributions to this Special Issue come from researchers affiliated with 26 institutions in China, the United States, and Germany.
Production of Energy-Efficient Natural Gas Hydrate
Natural gas hydrate represents a significant potential energy resource for the future, yet its path to commercial production requires overcoming substantial scientific and technical hurdles. This Reprint, entitled "Production of Energy-efficient Natural Gas Hydrate", is dedicated to presenting the latest progress in addressing these challenges. The collected research spans the entire value chain, from fundamental molecular-scale studies to field-scale simulations and environmental impact assessments. This Reprint consolidates cutting-edge findings on core topics essential for advancing the field. These include the fundamentals of gas hydrate phase transition, the development of novel production technologies, and the comprehensive characterization of hydrate resources. A significant focus is placed on understanding and mitigating environmental impacts, such as those related to climate and geohazards. The issue also explores critical areas like flow assurance in production systems, the application of hydrate science for CO2 capture and storage, and the use of advanced numerical simulations for prediction and scaling. By synthesizing a wide array of experimental, theoretical, and simulation-based research, this Reprint serves as a vital reference on the current state of knowledge and the innovative approaches driving the efficient and responsible development of natural gas hydrates.
AI for Business
AI for Business is a practical guide for leaders who want to harness the power of artificial intelligence without getting lost in the hype. Drawing on decades of experience at the intersection of cutting-edge research, public policy and industry transformation, Jon Whittle shows how AI can create real, human-centred value in your organisation.With clarity and pragmatism, the book demystifies AI for non-technical decision-makers. It offers a framework for thinking strategically about AI adoption, covering everything from defining the right use cases to building responsible governance, navigating ethics, understanding productivity impacts, and aligning AI with your values. Real-world examples bring the ideas to life and offer actionable insights you can apply right away.Whether you are a CEO, policymaker, innovation lead or just AI-curious, this book empowers you to lead with confidence, curiosity and integrity in an AI-powered world. Because when AI works for people - not just profits - that's when it really delivers.
Quantum Physics and the Power of the Mind
A clear and grounded guide to how quantum principles mirror the deeper workings of human consciousness. This book invites curious minds to explore the subtle yet powerful ways that perception, attention, and internal coherence shape personal reality-not through mysticism or overreach, but with clarity, precision, and respect for both science and human experience.Rather than using quantum physics as a metaphor, it honors the science while exploring its surprising resonance with inner life. Through thoughtful explanation and practical insight, it offers a fresh, honest look at how consciousness and reality interact-and how intention and presence can become tools for transformation.You'll discover: What quantum physics actually describes-and what it doesn't Why the Law of Attraction is less about belief and more about attention, emotion, and choice How perception and observation influence the unfolding of experience Why presence matters more than positive thinking How to work with your inner world to navigate life with greater clarity, alignment, and response-ability This is not a book of exaggerated claims or vague metaphors. It doesn't ask you to suspend reason-it invites you to deepen it. Drawing a line between hype and insight, it offers a grounded framework for exploring how the subtle structures of consciousness-such as attention, coherence, and resonance-may play a more active role in shaping lived experience than we often realize.If you've ever been intrigued by the connection between quantum theory and awareness but found most explanations too shallow, too abstract, or too sensationalized, this book offers a welcome alternative: clear thinking, honest inquiry, and practical ways to reflect on your own experience.Topics explored include: The observer effect and how it mirrors the role of conscious awareness The relationship between energy, emotion, and attention Coherence, resonance, and alignment as inner technologies Intention as a form of navigation-not control The importance of internal feedback loops and conscious response Written in an accessible yet intelligent voice, the book bridges science, mindfulness, and self-awareness without slipping into pseudoscience. It's for readers who crave depth without dogma, clarity without oversimplification, and insight grounded in both curiosity and discernment.Whether you're new to these ideas or have been exploring consciousness for years, this book offers a fresh lens-rooted in presence and grounded inquiry-that can help you: Understand the nature of perception and its influence on what becomes real Work with attention and emotion more deliberately Recognize subtle patterns shaping your experience Engage with life more consciously and coherently A thoughtful, mature perspective on quantum awareness and the mechanics of inner transformation. Ideal for seekers, skeptics, and scientifically minded readers alike, this book doesn't promise instant manifestation or magical thinking-it offers something more valuable: a clear path to understanding how your awareness interacts with reality, and how conscious presence can shift the way you live, respond, and create meaning.
Stowaway
A NEW SCIENTIST NON-FICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR A cultural and social history of the rat, examining how one creature achieved total world domination and has inspired such love and loathing. Rats are creatures which inspire fear and fascination in equal measure. Their lives are more closely entwined with humans than any other animal, but they remain the most misunderstood of all species. No animal has sacrificed more in the pursuit of human health but also been so resolutely blamed for spreading plague and pestilence. No animal has been so determinedly targeted by humans, and still managed to survive and thrive in our midst. No animal is so often derided as being vicious and cunning, but possesses such a rich inner life. In Stowaway, Joe Shute, explores our complex and often contradictory relationship with the rat. He travels the world from sub-Saharan Africa to the Rocky Mountains and visits some of the most rodent-infested cities on earth to unpick the myths we tell ourselves about rats and investigate the unexplored secrets of their own extraordinary lives. He examines the way in which rats have shaped human history and meets cutting-edge researchers harnessing the power of rat intelligence to achieve incredible results. He explores the hidden world they inhabit beneath our feet as well as their role in natural ecosystems. And through his own pet rats, he discovers the close emotional bonds they form with humans when given the chance. Ultimately, this is a book which questions what the lives of rats reveal to us about our own, and whether there might be a better way to live alongside our ancient enemies in the modern age?
A First Felt Book: Rain and Shine
Settle down for interactive story time with A First Felt Book: Rain and Shine from Petit Collage. This sweet felt book all about seasons and weather is perfect for reading together with your little one. The brightly colored and softly textured touch-and-feel areas keeps children engaged throughout, and the rhythm of the rhyming text gently soothes them as you speak. The simple story also encourages a lifelong love of animals and the natural world. Made for ages 0+, this First Felt Book will become a family favorite to treasure. The pages of this book are printed using FSC paper and vegetable inks, and the touch-and-feel areas are made from 90% recycled felt. SWEET RHYMING STORY - Rain and Shine is a sweet felt book all about seasons and weather. The rhythm of the rhyming text gently soothes little ones, and the simple story encourages a lifelong love of animals and the natural world. TACTILE EXPERIENCE - The brightly colored and softly textured touch-and-feel areas keeps children engaged as you read. They also bring an awareness of change and differences between each page, which helps babies to associate the word shapes and pictures. PLAY & DEVELOPMENT - First Felt Books are designed to develop hand-eye coordination, sensory awareness, and fine and gross motor skills. The bright felt areas also encourage color recognition. THOUGHTFULLY DESIGNED - The pages of this book are printed using FSC paper and vegetable inks, and the touch-and-feel areas are made from 90% recycled felt. PETIT COLLAGE - Combining great design with environmentally conscious manufacturing to create toys, puzzles, and games that encourage learning through play. From on-the-go fun to nursery show pieces, our products are playful, creative, and educational.
Advanced Studies on High-Performance Metal-Ion Capacitors
This Special Issue, "Advanced Studies on High-Performance Metal-Ion Capacitors: Technologies, Systems and Applications", highlights recent progress in hybrid electrochemical energy storage systems that integrate the merits of both batteries and supercapacitors. This Special Issue brings together research articles and reviews that address the challenges involved in the construction of metal-ion capacitors from multiple perspectives, including electrode structure engineering, heteroatom doping, electrolyte design and innovative cell configurations. This Reprint provides a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies and future directions for metal-ion capacitors, offering valuable insights for designing next-generation high-performance and sustainable electrochemical energy storage systems.
Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors
Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) are an emerging class of energy storage devices that combine the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of batteries, offering a unique set of advantages that make them ideal for a wide range of applications. By pairing a faradaic electrode-where charges are stored through reversible redox, intercalation, or conversion reactions-with a non-faradaic or pseudocapacitive electrode that relies on surface ion adsorption, HSCs can provide higher energy density while still maintaining a high level of power output in short bursts, making them well-suited for applications that require rapid charging and discharging, such as in electric vehicles during acceleration, regenerative braking, or start-stop events; cordless power tools that must drive screws or drill masonry without voltage sag; grid-tied buffers that smooth short-term fluctuations from renewables; and even wearable or IoT devices that harvest intermittent energy and must transmit data bursts. This preprint features eleven research and review papers that focus on the recent advances in the field of hybrid supercapacitors, covering topics such as carbon-based and transition metal oxides electrode materials, electrolytes and additives, Zn-ion hybrid capacitors, hybrid energy storage systems, and control algorithms for supercapacitors. Research from over 40 authors from China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Romania, the Republic of Korea, Greece, and other countries and regions contributed to this preprint.
Fruit Tree Physiology and Molecular Biology
Fruit tree physiology and molecular biology, a key branch of agricultural science, is key to maintaining the sustainability of the global fruit industry amid worsening conditions due to climate change and the growing demand for high-quality, diverse fruits. Critical physiological changes in fruit trees-flower bud differentiation, fruit/seed development, sugar-acid/color formation, rootstock impacts on tree/fruit quality, and stress responses-guide production, and analyzing their molecular mechanisms remains a focus of research, as this drives practical guidance.​ This Reprint "Fruit Tree Physiology and Molecular Biology" presents the latest work by global researchers in this field, focusing on four core areas: extreme environment adaptation, efficient resource use, precise quality improvement, and variety innovation. It covers apples, pears, grapes, etc., integrating multi-omics, CRISPR/Cas9, and cultivation techniques to explore stress resistance, nutrient regulation, and germplasm innovation mechanisms, solving industry issues (low efficiency, poor resilience, etc.).​ Our motivation for compiling this Reprint lies in addressing challenges (nutrient imbalance, pear ring rot, lab-field gaps, etc.) and consolidating progress (key genes, YOLOv10 models, etc.), and gaps (molecular-physiological links) are bridged via theory-practice research. The targets of this Special Issue Reprint include researchers (new mechanisms), agronomists (field optimization), and students (trends). It aims to inspire collaboration, accelerate technological translation, and advance a climate-resilient, high-quality industry for food security.
Editorial Board Members' Collection Series
Human activities have induced conspicuous global changes including, inter alia, climate change, land use change, nitrogen deposition, and biological invasions, which negatively impact biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Anthropocene. The decline in biodiversity and the deterioration of ecosystem functions and services may hamper the sustainable development of both the economy and society. Although numerous studies have been conducted over the past few decades, the biological and ecological mechanisms governing how global changes affect biodiversity and ecosystem functions are not fully understood. This reprint presents studies that advance our understanding of how global change drivers affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Island of Silver
Island of Silver is a story about wonder. It is set on the magical island of Guernsey, an idyllic world of gleaming cliffs and enchanted woods, of aquamarine seas and angel bright skies.It is also a story about war, the tragedy of a dying land as the First World War rips open the heart of Europe.And it begins and ends with a little girl.Lorley lives a golden life in Guernsey with her Papa, Mamma, and four brothers. Blessed with a wondrous imagination, she sees the magic of Guernsey all around her, where she dreams of mermaids in the waves and angels in the white mist of the sky, a young girl who sees heaven in the wildflowers.But beyond this tiny island in the sea, the First World War has begun, and soon the killing fields of Europe bleed into Guernsey. Lorley's Papa must leave his family to fight in the trenches of France.So begins the great yearning of Lorley's family. Her Mamma cannot truly believe in the war, and longs for her husband's return. Lorley's brothers, Reginald and Herbert, too young to fight, yearn for the glory of battle. And her youngest brothers, Lloyd and Randolph, adventurous, lion-hearted boys, yearn for their Papa, their hero, to return to them.Lorley's world becomes one of great longing also. Believing she must strive to not be afraid, and to not be sad, as her Papa tells her before he leaves, Lorley waits for her Papa to come home.It is then that the magical Mme. de la Rue enters her life, a radiant witch with shimmering silver hair from the mysterious South Shore of the island. She is a gifted healer and dreamspeaker, and becomes a spiritual beacon for Lorley. The little girl's imagination spirals to new heights as Mme. de la Rue becomes part of Lorley's family through the dark days of the war, through the great longing.Lorley and her family endure heart wrenching loss that changes their lives irrevocably. Never, though, does Lorley lose sight of the magic and the wonder in her island.
Advances in Functional Polymers and Composites
Polymers and composites offer significant advantages such as cost-effectiveness, lightweight properties, design flexibility, and manufacturing adaptability. They are widely applied across aerospace, transportation, sustainable energy, construction, and other sectors. The production of polymer and composite components involves multiple steps, including structural design, preform shaping, curing and forming, machining and assembly, and inspection and analysis - each exerting a direct and significant influence on the final performance and reliability of the structure. With the growing use of these materials in high-end applications, composite components are increasingly developed at for large scale and integrated structures, with greater complexity and multifunctionality. These trends present new challenges in the design and manufacturing of advanced functional polymers and composites.This Reprint aims to showcase recent advances and cutting-edge research in this field, covering topics such as structural design, mechanics, molding processes, machining and assembly techniques, defect detection, and functional evaluation. Both original research articles and reviews are included, and through this collection, editors seek to promote the development of scientific theories and methodologies, and to support the broader application of advanced functional polymers and composites in high-performance equipment and interdisciplinary fields.
Advances in Remediation of Contaminated Sites
This Reprint compiles 24 cutting-edge studies on contaminated site remediation, covering four core areas: pollution characterization and risk assessment, environmental fate of pollutants, remediation technology, and review articles with bibliometric analysis. It explores diverse scenarios including industrial zones, mining areas, agricultural lands, drinking water sources, and tailings ponds. Key advances include rapid pollution detection via multi-source spectral fusion and machine learning, revelation of plant-microbe adaptive mechanisms in polluted environments, development of high-performance materials (e.g., modified biochar, nanoflower-like oxides), and intelligent optimization of remediation strategies. The collection reflects interdisciplinary integration and practical application, addressing challenges like compound pollution and technology scaling. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers, advancing sustainable management of contaminated sites worldwide.
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Pollutants in Water
The pervasive contamination of water resources by persistent and emerging pollutants-including pharmaceuticals, industrial dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals-represents one of the most critical global environmental and public health challenges. Conventional water treatment methods often prove inadequate, inefficient, or costly for achieving the complete mineralization of these complex, non-biodegradable contaminants. With pollutants posing significant environmental threats, developing environmentally benign, efficient, and cost-effective treatment technologies is paramount. Photocatalysis stands at the forefront of this shift, offering a "green chemistry" pathway for water purification. In this Reprint, we focus on cutting-edge research on the application of photocatalysis for water treatment.
Blooming Hearts - Coloring Book
Blooming Hearts is a floral coloring book featuring heart-shaped flower illustrations drawn in clean black-and-white line art.Designed for artistic coloring and creative use, this book appeals to adults and teens interested in floral design and line art illustration.
Innovate Energy
America's next energy revolution won't be won by politicians. It will be built by innovators.For decades, nuclear microreactors powered the world's harshest outposts-Antarctica, Panama, and beyond-delivering clean, reliable energy where diesel was costly, risky, and hard to sustain. Then, in the 1970s, politics and fear shut the door.Today, as America faces an energy crunch, microreactors stand ready. Perfectly sized and portable, they provide energy without forcing industries to set up operations close to power supplies or fly diesel. Microreactors mean energy on your terms-not the grid's.In Innovate Energy, author, entrepreneur, and industrial leader Mike Wandler tells the untold story of microreactors' ability to restore resilience, security, and prosperity. Drawing on family legacy, lessons from heavy industry, and insights from mentors and pioneers, WandlerBusts myths to alleviate fear around the dangers of nuclear energy.Reveals truths about the ways microreactors can provide affordable, more secure energy solutions.Lays out a playbook for leaders who refuse to settle for scarcity.Other proven clean sources will play their role, but nuclear microreactors hold the key to unlocking America's next wave of energy abundance. This is not just a book about technology-it's a call to action for builders, entrepreneurs, and policymakers who believe America's best days are still ahead.Are you ready to see what happens when truth, grit, and American leadership take charge of energy's future? Let Innovate Energy show you how today!
Management of Forest Pests and Diseases
Forests are complex ecosystems sustained by interactions among countless organisms. Insects and microorganisms play essential roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow, yet many also act as pests and pathogens, threatening forest health and stability. This paradox-the presence of organisms that support ecological balance but can also disrupt it-is intensified by two global forces: the introduction of alien species and climate change. Global trade and travel facilitate biological invasions, while rising temperatures and shifting climates expand the range and reproduction of many pests and pathogens, contributing to recent outbreaks. Effective surveillance and monitoring are crucial for sustainable forest management. Early detection, rapid response, and long-term planning will help to mitigate their impacts, guide targeted control strategies, and advance scientific understanding.In this Special Issue, we compile interdisciplinary research addressing the interactions between pests, pathogens, climate, and human activity. By informing policy and management, we aim to support healthier, more resilient forests and foster collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
Functional Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration
It is generally recognized that the success of bone regeneration depends not only on the choice of a particular surgical technique and the clinical experience of the therapist but also on the knowledge, correct selection, and use of various biomaterials. Therefore, the science of biomaterials is one of the fastest growing disciplines in dentistry, and a more thorough knowledge of the properties of existing biomaterials and the development of new biomaterials are certainly areas that require special research attention. We believe that the topic of this Special Issue is of great importance to professionals working in the field of tissue engineering, dental implantology, and regenerative dentistry.
Morphological and Physiological Research on Fish
The Special Issue "Morphological and Physiological Research on Fish" focuses on the application of morphological and physiological research conducted on fish, with the goal of providing information on the relevance of morphological studies and their relationships to functions. Fish are not only the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates, but they also have a wide range of applications in research and industry. Furthermore, aquaculture is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly ways to generate high-quality protein. In addition, in recent years, fish have emerged as an intriguing model system in biomedical research, owing to their strong resemblance to mammals in terms of several fundamental systems. Morphological studies give us context for understanding the spatial organization and link between physiological and biochemical data, as well as the molecular machinery that is rapidly being explained using molecular approaches focused on the genome, transcriptome, and proteome. As a result, new morphological and physiological studies of fish would improve our comprehension of these species, with extraordinary and exciting implications for both basic and applied studies. Many authors contributed to the Special Issue with ten original pieces and four reviews. The themes covered ranged from descriptive morphology to morphometry, stress markers to toxic compounds, wild to aquaculture or model species, and involved various organs and apparatus. Morphometrical and morphological research were the most numerous contributions in this Special Issue.
