We're Number One!?
We're Number One!?: America's Uncertain Standing in the World compares the domestic policies of the United States to other countries across a wide variety of social, political, and economic metrics.This book demonstrates conclusively that despite America's wealth, its strong economy, its military might, and its soft power dominance, we have far to go in comparison with other democratic, industrialized nations. We may think we're Number One, but in too many key areas--health care, education, combating poverty, protecting the family, and so forth--we fall embarrassingly short. The shock to most readers won't be on one or more specific policy shortcomings, but on the cumulative rankings, chapter after chapter, showing where the United States has come up short. This book presents the facts and leaves to policymakers the challenge: how do we fix our broken health care system, how do we mitigate climate disasters, or how do we rein in gun violence. One answer is to look at the successful policies created in other countries.A refreshingly frank and thorough analysis of the United States' relative position in the world, this book will appeal to students, scholars, and practitioners of comparative politics, comparative sociology, public policy, social justice, and American government.An author-hosted website and Substack are updated regularly: www.werenumber.one https: //werenumberone.substack.com
The Gehlen Organization and the Nazis
This book uncovers the extent to which the Gehlen Organization, the intelligence organization created by the United States at the end of World War Two, recruited and used controversial individuals who had been heavily involved in the atrocities committed by the Nazis.Through an extensive study of records and primary sources, including the archives of the German armed forces during the Nazi era and the declassified files of the U.S. Army, as well as of several intelligence organizations such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence Service of the Federal Republic of Germany, the book investigates the war record of individuals who were recruited by the Gehlen Organization. This investigative work proves that several General Staff officers hired had a dark past and that the organization ultimately served as a safe haven for many Nazis. The book provides a new and original perspective on essential events that took place at the end of World War Two, thereby contributing to a new interpretation of history.While all readers interested in historical accuracy will find this book of interest, The Gehlen Organization and the Nazis is crucial reading for students researching Nazi Germany, the early Cold War, intelligence studies, and postwar German history.
Bosnian Fluxes
Bringing together scholars from across the social sciences with experience in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with scholars who have been documenting similar processes in other parts of the world, this volume develops new analytical heuristics and interventions into global post-Cold War studies.
Formulating Development
In the 1970s, Nestl矇 became a lightning rod for criticism against the food industry's negative impacts on humans and their environment, especially in the Global South. But what has so far eluded historical scrutiny is that the picture was more nuanced.This book tells the exclusive story of how the Swiss food giant, and more broadly corporate capitalism, have shaped the aid industry since the late nineteenth century. It follows Nestl矇's bid for a share of the humanitarian market brokered by the Red Cross in wartime Europe, of its clinical trials in Swiss and Senegalese maternities, and of its agricultural modernisation schemes in Mexico, India, and the Ivory Coast.Based on extensive research in the firm's own historical archives and the records of national and international aid agencies, the volume interrogates the legacies of this long history for international development today.
Used, Abused, and Sidelined
Since it was published in 1776, the Declaration of Independence has been used to advocate for social justice and to maintain inequitable social hierarchies; it has served as a model for justifying revolutions in other nations and for the Confederacy's secession from the US federal government. But as we approach its 250th anniversary, this book asks: Does the Declaration still matter?In this volume, leading scholars explore how this remarkably pliable document has been used for progressive and regressive politics alike and track its impact on independence movements across the globe. The essays begin with the Declaration's immediate reception and masculine style of prose and then move on to its central role in interpreting civic action between state and federal governments, most notably secession in the Antebellum era, questions of sovereignty between Indigenous nations in the United States, and the United States' relationship with Latin America. The next section focuses on the ways the Declaration was called upon to urge imperative moral action, especially in terms of human rights, in the US Civil Rights Movement and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and, in contrast, how it was cast aside in the Syrian Revolution. The final section teases out the tension between the needs reflected in the original document and the needs of the contemporary political world.Used, Abused, and Sidelined demonstrates how this foundational document prepares us to tolerate and to resist-and it points to how we might leverage the Declaration to create a different kind of political future.
RIPPLES FROM A Journey In Service
This is a thought-provoking and inspiring collection of articles on, "The memoir that chronicles the life and times of General Ibrahim Babangida, one of Nigeria's most influential leaders as written in his book: A JOURNEY IN SERVICE. In this book is a unique blend of history, politics, and personal reflection, offering readers a rare glimpse into the life of a man who has somewhat shaped the course of Nigerian history.General Babangida recounts his experiences as a soldier, statesman, and leader, sharing valuable insights into the complexities of Nigerian politics and the challenges of leadership. His story is one of courage, conviction, and service to his country but it's not without mistakes. This inspiring collection of Article Compendium on his book is a must-read.
Electoral Reforms in Nigeria
This study critically examines the impact of technology on electoral reforms in Nigeria, focusing on its role in facilitating free and fair elections. The research was motivated by persistent challenges in Nigeria's electoral process, including malpractices, violence, and public distrust, despite various reforms initiated by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The integration of technological innovations, such as biometric voter registration and electronic voting systems, has emerged as a potential solution to these issues. However, the effectiveness of these technologies is often hindered by infrastructural deficits, inadequate training for electoral officials, cyber threats, and political interference. Findings reveal that technological innovations have significantly enhanced transparency and accountability in Nigeria's electoral process. The deployment of systems like the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) has reduced incidents of fraud and multiple voting. The study recommends increased investment in advanced electoral technologies, comprehensive training programs for stakeholders, robust legal frameworks to address cybersecurity risks etc.
The Art of Unification
What if the future of democracy depends not on political institutions, but on the character of its people? The Art of Unification: Democracy or Not confronts a stark truth: America is not simply divided-it appears on the brink of moral collapse, civic decay, and national fragmentation. With piercing clarity, Lorenzo Leonard identifies the deep fractures-eroded trust, weaponized language, moral confusion, and widespread civic disengagement-that have left its populace disoriented and dangerously detached from one another. This is not a book of partisan critique. It is a challenge set forth to each American. Leonard contends that democracy is sustained not by procedures or platforms, but through the education, development, and practice of principled character-reinforced daily by courage, moral imagination, and historical consciousness. He exposes the corrosive hunger for power, authority, and prominence without accountability, and insists that true unification begins with moral repair and shared responsibility. Yet The Art of Unification is ultimately a book about possibility-about rebuilding trust, reclaiming language, and reimagining democracy not just as a system, but as a way of being with one another. This is a book for citizens, leaders, educators, and truth-tellers who refuse to accept collapse as destiny. It is a guide for those willing to stay, to speak, and to build.
The English Prison System
Uncover the hidden truths of the English prison system in "The English Prison System," a powerful exploration that has been out of print for decades and is now reborn by Alpha Editions. This meticulously restored edition invites you to delve into the historical overview of prisons, revealing the stark realities of incarceration and the urgent need for criminal justice reform. With a compelling narrative that intertwines the plight of inmates' rights and the impact of imprisonment on society, this book serves as both a poignant reminder of the past and a call to action for future generations. Discover the evolution of the penal system through insightful analysis and thought-provoking commentary, shedding light on prison conditions and the movements advocating for rehabilitation. This edition is not merely a reprint; it is a collector s item and a cultural treasure, crafted for both casual readers and classic literature enthusiasts. Experience the rich tapestry of the justice system in England as you explore the themes of redemption and reform that resonate powerfully today. Join us in preserving this vital piece of literary history, now accessible and relevant for modern readers. "The English Prison System" is more than a book; it s an essential contribution to the ongoing dialogue about justice and humanity. Don t miss your chance to own this significant work, restored for today s and future generations.
An Introduction to Indian Parliament
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to Indian Parliament encapsulating the process and practices since its inception.
Women Leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions
Women Leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions is an insightful and comprehensive study that explores the dynamic role of women leaders within the framework of India's grassroots democratic system, with a special focus on Andhra Pradesh. This book is organized into five well-structured chapters: Chapter I: Introduction - sets the context by discussing the historical evolution and significance of women's political participation in rural governance. Chapter II: Panchayati Raj Institutions in Andhra Pradesh - An Overview - provides a detailed account of the structure, functioning, and evolution of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in the state.Chapter III: Empowerment of Women in Panchayati Raj System - examines how constitutional provisions, reservations, and socio-political initiatives have facilitated the empowerment of women at the grassroots level. Chapter IV: Problems of Elected Women in PRIs - analyzes the multifaceted challenges faced by women leaders, including socio-cultural barriers, administrative hurdles, and gender-based discrimination. Chapter V: Suggestions and Conclusion - offers practical recommendations to strengthen women's leadership.
Rethinking Abortion Rights After Dobbs
This book offers a novel account of the normative foundations of abortion rights informed by political theory and feminist theory. Stanley revisits the debate between privacy and equality as rationales for abortion rights that erupted after Roe v. Wade. First, Stanley argues that we can reconceptualize privacy along feminist lines, contra its feminist critics. Second, this reconceptualization allows us to see privacy and equality as essential allies and supplements to each other. When operating in tandem, privacy and equality provide a powerful theoretical and practical foundation not only for abortion rights but also for an expansive vision of reproductive justice informed by an intersectional understanding of the reproductive burdens endured by those multiply marginalized by gender, race, and class. This reproductive justice framework is the most promising basis for a powerful post-Dobbs political coalition seeking to restore and greatly expand the promise of reproductive freedom symbolically represented by Roe.
The Politics of Ethnic and Religious Exclusion in Nigeria
This book examines the politics of ethnic and religious exclusion in Nigeria, focusing on how these dynamics shape governance, social cohesion, and access to public services. The objective is to identify the key drivers and consequences of exclusion based on ethnicity and religion within Nigeria's political landscape. Employing a qualitative approach through literature review and stakeholder engagement, the study draws on theories of social exclusion, identity politics, and governance. Findings reveal that over-centralization of power, competition for resources, institutional biases, and socio-cultural stereotypes perpetuate exclusion at multiple levels-macro (state), meso (institutions), and micro (individual). This exclusion fuels inter-group mistrust, political marginalization, and violent conflicts, undermining national integration and democratic governance. The study concludes that ethnic and religious exclusion remains a significant barrier to inclusive development and political stability in Nigeria. It recommends decentralization, equitable resource distribution, enforcement of anti-discrimination policies, and promotion of inter-ethnic and inter-religious dialogue.
The Civil Service Paradox
In this groundbreaking examination of African civil service systems, Dr. Evance Moses Silumbwe presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing public institutions across the continent. Drawing from extensive research and theoretical frameworks, including Principal-Agent Theory and Good Governance Theory, this book offers an incisive look at how political patronage has undermined the effectiveness of civil service institutions in Africa. Through meticulous analysis of structural weaknesses, bureaucratic challenges, and their impact on governance and economic development, Dr. Silumbwe provides a roadmap for transforming Africa's civil service into a professional, merit-based institution. The book presents compelling evidence for the need to establish robust legal frameworks, independent oversight mechanisms, and transparent recruitment processes. Most importantly, it offers practical solutions for policymakers, civil society organizations, and public sector leaders committed to building more accountable, efficient, and democratic institutions.
The People's Princes
A new window into Machiavelli's idea of virtuous leadership and the appropriate relationship among leaders, common citizens, and elites. For more than a decade, John P. McCormick has been at the forefront of a new wave of scholarship that reveals the anti-elitist and democratic commitments at the center of Niccolo Machiavelli's political thought. In The People's Princes, McCormick turns his attention to Machiavelli's conception of virtuous leadership and Machiavelli's views on the appropriate relationships among individual leaders, common citizens, and elites. While most people think of Machiavelli as a cynical advisor of tyrants--a man who counseled leaders to aggrandize themselves, by any means necessary, at the expense of their subjects and citizens--The People's Princes fundamentally challenges this understanding. Drawing from Machiavelli's major political works a normative standard for leadership that emphasizes the mutually reinforcing relationship of civic leadership and popular government, McCormick delineates Machiavelli's method of "political exemplarity" by analyzing in detail the Florentine's case studies of leaders and their interactions with populaces throughout ancient and modern history. McCormick argues that Machiavelli suggests that civic leaders should enhance their reputations by providing for their own eventual obsolescence; specifically, they should establish institutional means through which common citizens rule themselves more directly and substantively. The People's Princes invites readers to consider Machiavelli anew, and also reflect on insights that remain relevant in the twenty-first century amidst growing concerns that political leaders are not accountable or responsive to popular majorities.
Trump
Trump: Unaliving a Former President - 2 Disappearing Attempts Later, a BulletProof Presidential Campaign is a provocative and gripping exploration of resilience, power, and the unbreakable force of one of the most polarizing figures in modern political history. This book delves into the harrowing events surrounding two mysterious attempts on former President Trump's life and how these experiences galvanized his political resurgence. A riveting blend of political intrigue, conspiracy, and comeback story, this narrative examines the unyielding determination of a man who refuses to be sidelined, raising questions about the intersection of leadership, danger, and the indomitable human spirit.
The People's Princes
A new window into Machiavelli's idea of virtuous leadership and the appropriate relationship among leaders, common citizens, and elites. For more than a decade, John P. McCormick has been at the forefront of a new wave of scholarship that reveals the anti-elitist and democratic commitments at the center of Niccolo Machiavelli's political thought. In The People's Princes, McCormick turns his attention to Machiavelli's conception of virtuous leadership and Machiavelli's views on the appropriate relationships among individual leaders, common citizens, and elites. While most people think of Machiavelli as a cynical advisor of tyrants--a man who counseled leaders to aggrandize themselves, by any means necessary, at the expense of their subjects and citizens--The People's Princes fundamentally challenges this understanding. Drawing from Machiavelli's major political works a normative standard for leadership that emphasizes the mutually reinforcing relationship of civic leadership and popular government, McCormick delineates Machiavelli's method of "political exemplarity" by analyzing in detail the Florentine's case studies of leaders and their interactions with populaces throughout ancient and modern history. McCormick argues that Machiavelli suggests that civic leaders should enhance their reputations by providing for their own eventual obsolescence; specifically, they should establish institutional means through which common citizens rule themselves more directly and substantively. The People's Princes invites readers to consider Machiavelli anew, and also reflect on insights that remain relevant in the twenty-first century amidst growing concerns that political leaders are not accountable or responsive to popular majorities.
An Introduction to Indian Parliament
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to Indian Parliament encapsulating the process and practices since its inception. It discusses crucial themes including the emergence of Parliament and its contours; constitutional provisions and rules of procedure; role of President as a part of the Parliament; parliamentary devices; privileges, norms of standards and etiquettes; legislation process and budget; accountability to Parliament and outreach; relationship with judiciary and media; Parliament and international institutions; and the role of Parliament on issues related to gender, minorities and reservation in India.This book will be an essential read for students of political science, Indian politics, and political institutions, along with journalists, political analysts, professionals in Indian think tanks, and Indian politicians.
System Crash
It is the greatest crisis in human history. We are hurtling towards an abyss. The system is terminally diseased. Pandemic, climate crisis, endless war, mega-slums, police repression, creeping fascism, economic stagnation: these shape our world. On one side, grotesque greed and rampaging corporate power. On the other, poverty, oppression, and despair. Capitalism came into the world, Marx wrote, 'dripping from head to toe, from every pore, with blood and dirt'. Now, the ageing system is putrescent and gangrenous. But the last decade has seen explosions of revolt from below, firecracking across the globe, toppling dictators, resisting austerity, protesting racism, defending abortion rights, fighting for democracy. Here is the embryo of an alternative future. Revolution - ending the rule of capital and the state - has become an existential necessity. This book is a call to arms.
The Power to Destroy
How the antitax fringe went mainstream--and now threatens America's future The postwar United States enjoyed large, widely distributed economic rewards--and most Americans accepted that taxes were a reasonable price to pay for living in a society of shared prosperity. Then in 1978 California enacted Proposition 13, a property tax cap that Ronald Reagan hailed as a "second American Revolution," setting off an antitax, antigovernment wave that has transformed American politics and economic policy. In The Power to Destroy, Michael Graetz tells the story of the antitax movement and how it holds America hostage--undermining the nation's ability to meet basic needs and fix critical problems. In 1819, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the power to tax entails "the power to destroy." But The Power to Destroy argues that tax opponents now wield this destructive power. Attacking the IRS, protecting tax loopholes, and pushing tax cuts from Reagan to Donald Trump, the antitax movement is threatening the nation's social safety net, increasing inequality, ballooning the national debt, and sapping America's financial strength. The book chronicles how the movement originated as a fringe enterprise promoted by zealous outsiders using false economic claims and thinly veiled racist rhetoric, and how--abetted by conservative media and Grover Norquist's "taxpayer protection pledge"--it evolved into a mainstream political force. The important story of how the antitax movement came to dominate and distort politics, and how it impedes rational budgeting, equality, and opportunities, The Power to Destroy is essential reading for understanding American life today.
Conference of Officers in Charge of Government Hospitals Serving Veterans of the World War
Step into a pivotal moment in history with "Conference of Officers in Charge of Government Hospitals Serving Veterans of the World War," a compelling exploration of veterans' healthcare history that has been out of print for decades and is now revitalized by Alpha Editions. This restored edition is not just a reprint; it's a collector s item and a cultural treasure, meticulously crafted for today s and future generations. Delve into the urgent discussions and decisions that shaped military medical care for World War I veterans, as officers convened to address the pressing healthcare services for those who served our nation. This book offers a unique glimpse into the challenges and triumphs of government hospitals for veterans, highlighting the evolution of healthcare policy and the ongoing struggles surrounding veterans' health issues. With its rich historical accounts and insights into military hospital administration, this work appeals to both casual readers and classic literature collectors. Experience the reverence of a literary tribute that honors the sacrifices of our veterans while igniting a passion for understanding the vital role of government support in their recovery and well-being. Rediscover this essential piece of history and join the conversation on veterans affairs, as you explore the legacy of those who fought for our freedom and the healthcare services that serve them.
Reflections of an Unconventional Mind
Reflections of an Unconventional Mind is an intellectual tapestry interweaving history, philosophy, and contemporary discourse, focusing on challenging entrenched narratives. It addresses contentious yet pertinent topics such as the Aryan Invasion Theory, Cancel Culture, and Wokeism while providing a vision for a Viksit Bharat rooted in truth, inclusivity, and innovation. What makes this book unique is its synthesis of traditional Bhartiya thought with contemporary challenges, offering profound insights on a wide range of issues, including women empowerment, Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), and India's evolving global role. Blending critical analysis with reflective commentary fosters an engaging dialogue on the essence of Indian identity and the journey toward a harmonious and progressive future. This work is a critique and a call to rethink, rebuild, and rediscover, inspiring readers to question conventional perspectives and contribute to a brighter, more inclusive world.Professor Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit is a distinguished academic and administrator currently serving as the Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She completed her education at Presidency College, Chennai, before earning her MPhil and PhD in International Politics from Jawaharlal Nehru University. Fluent in six languages, Prof. Pandit began her teaching career at Goa University (1988), followed by her long stint at Savitribai Phule Pune University as a professor. Her major works include Parliament and Foreign Policy in India (1990) and Restructuring Environmental Governance in Asia-Ethics and Policy (2003). She has co-authored and edited multiple volumes, including Transformation of India's Foreign Policy: Shaping the Global Order as a Responsible Power (2024). Prof. Pandit is the recipient of multiple honours and is actively involved in cultural and social initiatives, encouraging societal progress through community engagement.
The Violence of Law
'Lawfare' describes the systematic use and abuse of legal procedure for political ends. This provocative book examines this insufficiently understood form of warfare in post-genocide Rwanda, where it contributed to the making of dictatorship. Jens Meierhenrich provides a redescription of Rwanda's daring experiment in transitional justice known as inkiko gacaca. By dissecting the temporally and structurally embedded mechanisms and processes by which change agents in post-genocide Rwanda manoeuvred to create modified legal arrangements of things past, Meierhenrich reveals an unexpected jurisprudence of violence. Combining nomothetic and ideographic reasoning, he shows that the deformation of the gacaca courts - and thus the rise of lawfare in post-genocide Rwanda - was not preordained but the outcome of a violently structured contingency. The Violence of Law tells a disturbing tale and will appeal to scholars, advanced students, and practitioners of international and comparative law, African studies and human rights.
Attitudes Toward Political Authoritarianism in Economically Advanced Democracies
This Element focuses on how individuals' gender values and populations' gender norms influence their attitudes toward political authoritarianism in economically advanced democracies. First, it theorizes that individuals' higher support for gender equality and freedom of sexuality (GEFS) decreases their support of political authoritarianism. This operates directly through the development of a belief system that is incompatible with political authoritarianism as a system rooted in and sustained through conformity to hegemonic masculine dominance. Additionally, this operates indirectly by strengthening support for pluralism, strengthening support for democratic socialization in households, and increasing rejection of the use of violence to control household social relations. Second, it theorizes how GEFS norms and political authoritarian norms are mutually reinforcing in shaping political culture at the country-level. The Element shows evidence consistent with these theories through analysis of data on OECD countries from 1995 to 2022 based on waves 3-7 of the World Values Surveys.
Confusion in the West
In their trenchant panoramic overview - ranging from antiquity to the present-day - John and Anna Rist write with authority and ennui about nothing less than the loss of the foundational culture of the West. The authors characterize this culture as the 'original tradition', viewing its erosion as one which has led to anxiety about the entire value of Western thought. The causes of the disintegration are discussed with an intensity rare in academe. Critics of modernity ordinarily concentrate on the Enlightenment and the book certainly offers deep analysis of Enlightenment thought. But it goes further. Thus the cruelty of modern totalitarianism is now depicted as in the spirit of the French Revolution and its implacable hostility to a vanished primordial heritage, while scientism, bureaucracy and consumerism appear as the only rivals to a threatening nihilism. The book argues that Western thought has created a set of conflicting moral and spiritual customs: to the detriment of coherence, in individual minds as in society and culture.
Just-War Theory and Future Warfare
The future global system of international relations, the clash of civilizations, the revolution in military affairs, and the expansion of war present significant challenges to just-war theory. The problem is that modern definitions of just-war principles address conventional war between states; therefore, they may not apply to information-age warfare or complex conflict between transnational, national, subnational groups. Thus, the central research question is: Should American strategists accept, modify, or reject modern just-war theory as evaluation criteria of military operations in future warfare? Three case studies tested just-war theory: netwar, Operation Allied Force in Kosovo, and the strategic air campaign during Operation Desert Storm. The first step applied modern just-war theory to the military course of action to determine whether it was just or unjust. The second step applied realistic tests of power and national interests to determine whether to use or refrain from unjust military force. The third step evaluated absolute principles and moral consequences to determine if there is cause to modify just-war theory. Netwar and Kosovo recommended that strategists should modify the modern definitions of jus ad bellum to return to the classic definitions. Desert Storm recommended that strategists should accept the modern definitions of jus in bello.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Proceedings Of The City Council Of The City Of Minneapolis
This historical record, "Proceedings Of The City Council Of The City Of Minneapolis, Volume 27," offers a detailed look into the workings of municipal governance. Compiled by the Minneapolis City Council, this volume presents a comprehensive account of council meetings, decisions, and legislative actions taken during the specified period. Researchers, historians, and anyone interested in the evolution of urban policy and administration will find this a valuable primary source. The proceedings offer insights into the daily challenges and long-term planning undertaken by city officials, providing a window into the issues that shaped Minneapolis during this era. The book serves as an essential resource for understanding the development of urban centers and the processes of local government.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Vision 2015
The United States Department of State is the US equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries. The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established. The Department operates the diplomatic missions of the United States abroad and is responsible for implementing US foreign policy and diplomacy efforts. The collection of publications of the US Department of State contains federal budget proposals, reports on the status of troops around the world, economic status reports on the nation's trading partners, summaries of urgent matters of national security, and more. These publications reflect the Department's responsibilities of protecting and assisting US citizens living or traveling abroad, assisting US businesses in the international marketplace, coordinating and providing support for international activities of other US agencies, and keeping the public informed about US foreign policy and relations with other countries.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers Report
The United States Department of State is the US equivalent to the foreignministries of other countries. The Department was crated in 1789 and was thefirst executive department established. The Department operates the diplomatic missions of the United States abroad and is responsible for implementing US foreignpolicy and diplomacy efforts. The collection of publications of the US Department of State contains federal budgetproposals, reports on the status of troops around the world, economic status reportson the nation's trading partners, summaries of urgent matters of national security, and more. These publications reflect the Department's responsibilities of protectingand assisting US citizens living or traveling abroad, assisting US businesses in theinternational marketplace, coordinating and providing support for internationalactivities of other US agencies, and keeping the public informed about US foreignpolicy and relations with other countries.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Crony Attack
Major Tolbert details how a nation can use crony attack to disrupt, if not destroy, "key elite supporters of an enemy leader to effect policy change in the attacker's favor." He defines crony attack, discusses its methodology, and outlines ways in which its effectiveness can be measured by offering the Slobodan Milosevic regime as a case study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Compelling Other Governments to Capitulate
There is not a clearly defined framework within the national security dialogue of the United States, which sufficiently details compelling another government to capitulate as an end-state to the use of military force. When deciding to use military force the U.S. should consider all options. One option is to force a belligerent government to capitulate. Governmental capitulation is defined as "The situation in a country at the national level, where the ruling authorities have relinquished power and do not control the country. The military is destroyed or rendered incapable of conducting medium or large- scale operations. The populace is subjected to martial law by an occupying force." My research revealed how the roots of strategy, diplomacy, peace, and security intertwine to reveal models or frameworks that best detail what courses of action can be taken when nations are faced with threats to national security. Part of this research included historical examples where governmental capitulation was achieved and produced long-term peace and stability. It includes examples where governmental capitulation was not achieved and peace and stability were not secured. This thesis outlines a model for planning and analyzing the conditions for governmental capitulation to be used as part of the national security dialogue prior to commitment of U.S. Armed Forces.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Should the U.S. Department of State Continue to Use Private Security Contractors to Protect U.S. Diplomats?
On September 16, 2007 in Baghdad, Iraq, members of an American protective security detail, composed of private security contractors (PSCs), engaged in a shooting incident while protecting U.S. Department of State (DOS) personnel. Seventeen Iraqi civilians died. The idea of U.S. Foreign Service personnel being protected by armed American private contractor personnel raised many questions. The purpose of this study is to provide answers to the primary question of "Should DOS continue the use of PSCs to provide protection for U.S. diplomats?" and three secondary research questions: (1) How effectively do PSCs perform their protection function for DOS? (2) What alternatives exist besides using PSCs? (3) How can DOS use PSCs more effectively? I answered the above questions with a qualitative analysis of the existing body of literature complemented with personal interviews with key DOS leadership, and solicited comments from Diplomatic Security Service Agents, U.S. Foreign Service Officers, and PSC detail members.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
U.S. Department of State, Diplomatic Security Service, Career Development Program
The United States (U.S.) Department of State's (DOS) Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) is tasked with ensuring the safety and security of all U.S. diplomatic missions around the world. Domestically, DSS Special Agents investigate Passport and Visa fraud, as well as protect visiting foreign dignitaries. DSS today faces the unprecedented challenge of staffing a large number of Special Agents in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan (AIP) in order to maintain the security needs for U.S. personnel working in those locations. As an incentive to serve in these less desirable locations, DSS Special Agents serving in AIP are given priority for their follow-on assignment. It is becoming increasingly difficult for a DSS Special Agent serving domestically to obtain an overseas assignment, which is a requirement for promotion under the current DSS career development program. This thesis addresses the question, "what changes are needed to the current DSS career development program?" Utilizing open-source data from the DOS, as well as past Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports, it was determined that the current DSS assignment process is not sustainable; thus a change in the DSS career development program is necessary. This will require a change of culture within DOS. Suggestions are made based on the Kotter Model for how to best make the needed changes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stabilization and Democratization of Iraq
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America of September 2002 (NSS) aims "to help make the world not just safer but better." In order to achieve this ambitious challenge, The NSS defines the following goals on the path to progress: political and economic freedom, peaceful relationships with other states, and respect for human dignity. Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded to free the Iraqi people of Saddam Hussein's totalitarian regime. The next challenge for the US-led coalition is to stabilize the country and to implement a durable democracy. The latter tasks seem to be the most difficult ones because Iraq has never known democracy. It is a mosaic of multiple sectarian and ethnic groups. Furthermore, it lies within the area of strategic-political, economic, and religious influence of its neighboring countries. This thesis analyses Iraq's Islamic, sectarian, and ethnic factors. Next, it examines the historical case studies of Iraq's former republican constitutions and the Afghani constitution, adopted on 3 January 2004. Finally, this thesis recommends the US administration bolster a Federal Republic of Iraq by assisting the Iraqi people, diplomatically, militarily, economically, and judicially, to constitute a freely elected government, and to draft a constitution that respects Muslim values, democracy, protection of minorities, and human dignity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stabilization and Democratization of Iraq
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America of September 2002 (NSS) aims "to help make the world not just safer but better." In order to achieve this ambitious challenge, The NSS defines the following goals on the path to progress: political and economic freedom, peaceful relationships with other states, and respect for human dignity. Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded to free the Iraqi people of Saddam Hussein's totalitarian regime. The next challenge for the US-led coalition is to stabilize the country and to implement a durable democracy. The latter tasks seem to be the most difficult ones because Iraq has never known democracy. It is a mosaic of multiple sectarian and ethnic groups. Furthermore, it lies within the area of strategic-political, economic, and religious influence of its neighboring countries. This thesis analyses Iraq's Islamic, sectarian, and ethnic factors. Next, it examines the historical case studies of Iraq's former republican constitutions and the Afghani constitution, adopted on 3 January 2004. Finally, this thesis recommends the US administration bolster a Federal Republic of Iraq by assisting the Iraqi people, diplomatically, militarily, economically, and judicially, to constitute a freely elected government, and to draft a constitution that respects Muslim values, democracy, protection of minorities, and human dignity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Assessment of the Philippine Counterinsurgency Operational Methodology
The roots of the Philippine communist insurgency problem are multidimensional, encompassing political and socioeconomic dimensions. The Arroyo administration recognized this when it formulated the National Internal Security Plan (NISP) in 2001. The NISP developed the Strategy of Holistic Approach (SHA) with the following components: 1) legal, diplomatic and political; 2) peace and order and security; 3) socioeconomic and psychosocial; and 4) information. The SHA involves the mobilization of the whole government bureaucracy from the national down to the regional and local levels to address the different aspects of the communist insurgency problem including its root causes. The NISP intends to implement the SHA in four phases called Clear-Hold-Consolidate-Develop (C-H-C-D). This study attempts to examine the government's success so far in implementing the C-H-C-D operational methodology. The government still shows interest in pursuing the series of peace negotiations the two parties have been conducting on and off for a long time. But although CPP negotiators sit with the government there is yet no indication until this time that the CPP has any genuine interest in settling differences with the government peacefully. Meanwhile, military efforts to neutralize the insurgents fall short on their own targets. There is a greater need for the military to intensify intelligence and combat operations to effectively reduce insurgency strength and incapacitate its politico-military building capability. Rather than concentrate in clearing villages the military should focus on thwarting the insurgents' efforts to expand its mass base operations and establish guerrilla fronts. The military and civilian defense forces' shortcomings in military and civil-military operations are some of the main obstacles in effectively countering the expansion campaign of the insurgents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Political Impact of Islamic Revival in a Plural Society
Like many other multiethnic countries, Malaysia has seen a revival in Islamic fundamentalism in her Muslim populace since the seventies. The ongoing revival has led to pressures on the Malaysian government to establish an Islamic state in the country. Since the eighties, this revival is associated with a deterioration in political relations between Muslims and non-Muslims and a heightening of domestic tensions in the country. This study examines the process by which the activities of Islamic revival movements have contributed to the polarization in Malaysia's domestic politics. The study analyzes the characteristics of the revival and the impact on some key areas of Malaysian politics. These areas include Muslim and non-Muslim interests, governmental response to the revival, responses of major political parties, and changes in the alignment of popular support for these political parties. The study shows that the government has adopted conciliatory responses toward the demands of Muslim revivalists because of the pivotal role of the Muslim vote in the electoral process. Such responses have been detrimental to the interests of non-Muslims, resulting in a deterioration in relations between Muslims and non-Muslims at the grassroots level, and a polarization of support for political parties along ethnic lines. If the momentum of the revival continues, interethnic relations are likely to continue deteriorating.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Iraqi Ministry of Interior Forces
An examination of ethnic demography, historical governments, political parties, force structure, organization, and partnership efforts within the Iraqi Ministry of Interior includes several recommendations that must be accomplished in order to provide permanent security and stability to the nation. These variables must be considered and delicately balanced as the United States and its coalition partners assist the nation of Iraq in its democratization. This thesis examines the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, focusing on the Iraqi Police Services, and the ongoing efforts to provide internal security to the nation without regard to ethnicity, religious beliefs, or political ties. Instead, the reformation of this organization requires an increased national capacity and capability within the Ministry of Interior to sufficiently recruit, vet, and develop an adequate force structure to secure the nation during an extremely complex insurgency. The thesis also identifies the need to develop an organization responsible for nation's internal security that unifies ethnic factions that will protect and serve the entire people of Iraq and protect their constitution in order to prevent a future authoritarian regime. Finally, this thesis presents some recommendations to ongoing development efforts that could provide rigidity to a fragile police infrastructure for the nation of Iraq. If implemented, these recommendations would enhance the Ministry of Interior's ability to effectively govern, secure, and police the nation in order to provide security and stability and facilitate reconstruction throughout the nation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Influence of Politics, Technology, and Asia on the Future of US Missile Defense
This work presents an overview of ballistic missile defense (BMD) initiatives and their attendant technologies with a careful analysis of their existing capabilities and potentialities to make recommendations as to the BMD initiatives that are most likely to provide realistic expectations of useful defense capabilities in the near to mid-term. There is also an extended discussion of the implications of BMD in the relationships of the United States and the nations of Asia, particularly Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, and Japan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Community-Oriented Policing and Counterinsurgency
Community-oriented policing is a model for police operations used in many countries. The goal of policing is to provide law enforcement of behaviors that a society considers criminal and to help the society in the process of control of those actions that may not be criminal but are undesirable in a community. It consists of three main elements: strategic, neighborhood-oriented, and problem-oriented policing. This method encourages community input into the government system and that helps establish needs and priorities for government and social services. The successful British counterinsurgency in Malaya is used as a case study to examine the community-oriented policing model in the light of concrete experience. The case study reveals that the pattern of operation and the final organization of the security forces in Malaya conformed closely to the community-oriented policing model laid out in chapter 2. The model is then compared to current operations in Afghanistan to see what recommendations may be made. This paper concludes that community-oriented policing is a model useful for counterinsurgency, that U.S. military policing doctrine be expanded and improved, and that the U.S. ability to provide policing and police training abroad be expanded.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Counterinsurgency in West Africa
Among the most challenging issues of West Africa, is its security. This region had experienced and is still experiencing many insurgencies. The Senegalese Armed Forces had been containing the insurgents in Senegal's southern Casamance region for more than twenty years. They have conducted many successful military operations against the rebels but still now the region is not completely secured. Despite this long insurgency, the Republic of Senegal seems more fortunate than some of its neighbors in West Africa, such as Liberia or C?織te d'Ivoire. In these two countries, the insurgency reached such high levels that United Nations peacekeeping forces' interventions were required to avoid a general chaos in those countries. To bring back and maintain peace and stability, these countries, have unsuccessfully tried predominantly a military lethal approach. They have also experienced numerous political negotiations, helped by neighboring countries, West Africa's sub-regional organization known as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union (AU) and United Nations (UN). This thesis explores some non-lethal Lines of operations within a coherent counterinsurgency strategy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Is Federalism Based on Ethnic Partition a Viable Solution in Iraq?
The U.S. strategy in Iraq from 2003 to 2007 focused on transitioning Iraq into a unified democratic nation state with majority and minority leaders working toward common goals. One seemingly unforeseen issue was that primordial nationalism overshadowed modern nationalism. Primordial nationalism provided an exploitable seam for outside actors and internal ethnically driven leaders to create instability despite the efforts of the United States. Under the confines of the initial U.S. strategy, the rift between the ethnic groups resulted in increased insecurity within the country and sectarian violence similar to Bosnia. This thesis analyzed the sectarian rifts, the potential establishment of ethnic provinces with security and governance, and a multi-ethnic national government. This thesis concluded that federalism based on an ethnic partition of Iraq is viable. The solution to primordial nationalism is to provide each group an equal level of authority in the nation. A change in strategy permitting the groups to use their current militias as the provincial police force will provide the security for each province. The unit structure in the Iraqi Army requires equality of leadership and membership at every conceivable level. The Iraqi government requires restructuring to provide equal sharing of power between Sunnis, Shias, and Kurds.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How Do Separatist Insurgents Use Negotiations for Their Growth and Survival?
Several scholarly discussions have been held and numerous studies conducted on the subject of counterinsurgency warfare but only a little emphasis has been made on studying the relationship between negotiations and the growth of insurgents. For that reason, an effort was made to research this unexamined area, initially by conducting an in-depth review on the literature published on the subjects of insurgency and negotiations to acquire a sound knowledge on the theoretical foundations pertaining to the key areas of the research question and subsequently by analyzing a case study on the Sri Lankan scenario, where a prolonged counterinsurgency campaign has been waged for the last two decades. This research focuses on four different episodes where the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (GOSL) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had conducted negotiations from 1985 to 2003 in order to analyze how an insurgent organization makes use of negotiations for its growth and survival through a case studies methodology. The study concludes by logically assessing how the LTTE, as a separatist insurgent organization, has been able to make use of the aforesaid negotiations for its growth and survival. The conclusion also meets the broad purpose of the research by making recommendations for legitimate counterinsurgents to gainfully engage in negotiations while denying the insurgents from gaining advantages during negotiations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sub-State Actors and Leadership in the Evolution of the African State
This study investigates the role of sub-state actors and leadership in the stabilization, the collapse or the renewal of the African state. Understanding the root causes of the mutations occurring in today's African states will help to build legitimacy for future Internal Security Assistance Programs and Military Operations Other Than War. The study explains how the emergence or the empowerment of traditional, civil society, and religious leaders loosens the states' authority, by atomizing the centers of decision. Then, to promote stability in the continent, shape a better environment, prevent conflicts or respond to crisis will always depend on how sub-state actors are managed in order to empower leadership at national level. This thesis advocates to implement long term strategies designed to progressively erode the influence of traditional and religious leaders while using them in focused areas and at limited levels to fulfill intermediate objectives.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sub-State Actors and Leadership in the Evolution of the African State
This study investigates the role of sub-state actors and leadership in the stabilization, the collapse or the renewal of the African state. Understanding the root causes of the mutations occurring in today's African states will help to build legitimacy for future Internal Security Assistance Programs and Military Operations Other Than War. The study explains how the emergence or the empowerment of traditional, civil society, and religious leaders loosens the states' authority, by atomizing the centers of decision. Then, to promote stability in the continent, shape a better environment, prevent conflicts or respond to crisis will always depend on how sub-state actors are managed in order to empower leadership at national level. This thesis advocates to implement long term strategies designed to progressively erode the influence of traditional and religious leaders while using them in focused areas and at limited levels to fulfill intermediate objectives.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluating the Impact of Drug Trafficking Organizations on the Stability of the Mexican State
Since 2007, when President Felipe Calderon declared his government's war on the drug trafficking organizations operating in his country, the level of narcotics related violence has increased dramatically. The violence, which had been largely confined to factions of the cartels, now threatens every citizen and is devastating the economy of the border region. This thesis evaluates the impact of Mexican drug cartels on the stability of the Mexican State and on the security of the U.S. The primary conclusion drawn is that the Mexican state is unlikely to fail as state failure is defined, but the Mexican government is likely to return to a one party system under which drug trafficking and corruption are tolerated but the violence does not directly affect the average Mexican. While current U.S. efforts toward increased border security and assistance to Mexico in the form of the Merida Initiative have made positive impacts, it is only by decreasing U.S. demand for illegal narcotics and encouraging Mexican economic growth that both nations can make real progress in the drug war.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
