Underdevelopment in Peru
At a time when Peru continues to reel from the impact of Covid-19 and the eruption of corruption scandals involving five former presidents, this book analyzes the persistence and the structural underpinnings of underdevelopment in Peru. During the commodities boom of 2004-2011, Peru experienced strong levels of economic growth, bringing poverty down and increasing the middle-class population. In the Covid-19 pandemic, however, the severe lack of structural economic and social improvements has been exposed. With the arrival of the pandemic, hospitals collapsed, oxygen supplies dwindled, and informality rose, with dire consequences for the vulnerable, and for those already working on subsistence wages. Delving into the history of the country, Jan Lust outlines the structural problems that came about following Peru's post-colonial entrance into the world economy and the subsequent neoliberal extractive development model adopted in the 1990s. Only by understanding Peru's specific political, economic, and social conditions can a path towards development be found. This book will be of interest to researchers working within politics, economics, critical development studies, and Latin American studies.
A New Bretton Woods for a New World
Examine the evolving role of the U.S. dollar as the global currency since the Bretton Woods Conference, questioning the need for a new monetary system in today's changing world.Over seventy-five years ago, in the midst of World War II, delegates from 45 countries met in the New Hampshire town of Bretton Woods to define a global monetary system for the postwar world. Those arrangements have been challenged on many occasions, and yet their core premise--the U.S. dollar as the anchor currency for the world--remains very much alive. However, today's world is very different than the postwar era, and the dollar's role is being challenged. Transatlantic Leadership Network senior fellows Giovanni Tria and Angelo Federico Arcelli discuss these changes and explore whether a new monetary system is needed for a new world.
Influence Without Arms
How does nuclear technology influence international relations? While many books focus on countries armed with nuclear weapons, this volume puts the spotlight on those that have the technology to build nuclear bombs but choose not to. These weapons-capable countries, such as Brazil, Germany, and Japan, have what is known as nuclear latency, and they shape world politics in important ways. Offering a definitive account of nuclear latency, Matthew Fuhrmann navigates a critical yet poorly understood issue. He identifies global trends, explains why countries obtain nuclear latency, and analyzes its consequences for international security. Influence Without Arms presents new statistical and case evidence that nuclear latency enhances deterrence and provides greater influence but also triggers conflict and arms races. The book offers a framework to explain when nuclear latency increases security and when it incites instability, and generates far-reaching implications for deterrence, nuclear proliferation, arms races, preventive war, and disarmament.
The Geoeconomics of Money in the Digital Age
In a more contentious world economy, where trade and finance are increasingly interlinked with economic security and geopolitical considerations, questions arise about the underpinnings of the US dollar's global leadership. For decades, the US dollar has reigned supreme, serving as a powerful tool of US foreign policy. However, history shows that currency dominance can shift with global power dynamics. Will China or another power rise to challenge the US-led system? Will the international monetary system experience a process of fragmentation, or will a new global order emerge? Will financial technology ease such a change? This book delves into the intricate web of how three forces - economic dislocation, evolving geopolitical relations and technology - could potentially foster transformations in the international monetary system. Adopting a multidisciplinary lens, it analyses the strategic elements that might compel major international powers to instigate change or solidify the current equilibrium. While there are no definitive answers on the future, the book provides readers with the key tools to understand the major factors influencing possible changes in the international finance system.
Emancipation, Development and Employability
The aim of this study is to analyze the results of public employment and income policies developed over the last two decades in the municipality of Cand籀i - located in the Midwest region of Paran獺, established on January 1, 1993 - through a historical contextualization of its emancipation, economic and social evolution, and the results in terms of employment and income generation. Its relevance lies in the fact that it provides the beginning of contextualized studies on the socio-economic evolution of municipalities that have completed 20 years of existence since their creation, considering the possibility of serving as support for the academic class, in specific studies of this great scenario that is municipal public management.
Influence Without Arms
A comprehensive theory of latent nuclear deterrence focusing on how nuclear programs influence war, peace, nuclear proliferation, and arms races. This book will appeal to anyone who wants to understand the role of nuclear technology in international politics, deterrence, military conflict, or the prospects for disarmament.
India and Japan
The book is the outcome of a two-year research fellowship at the Prime Minister Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi. The emergence of new security challenges in the region demands greater and deeper cooperation between India and Japan on not only bilateral issues but also on regional and global issues so as to maintain peace and stability in the region. The sharing of Asian values between the two countries further contributes to the mutual understanding. The book offers a comprehensive evaluation of the bilateral ties between India and Japan in the historical context and connects to the significance and emergence of the robustness of the relationship in contemporary times. In particular, the book dwells on the less explored issues, such as the diaspora and the roles of both countries in developing India's Northeastern region, particularly during the long-tenured Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe. The book attempts to cover the micro-analysis of issues either overlooked or underplayed in the past academic literature.The complementarity and convergence of interests of both countries in the security and economic aspects are comprehensively analysed in the chapters. Providing some key recommendations the book aspires to be impactful for policy makers in defining the future directions of the relationship between the two countries.The book is enriched by the author's several visits and stays in Japan, as close observations on the ground and interactions with Japanese academics help provide a balanced perspective on the study.Dr. Rajaram Panda is a distinguished scholar, specializing in Japan, Northeast Asia, and Indo-Pacific issues. Dr. Panda earned his Ph.D. in 1981 from the School of International Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).
The Un Stabilization Mission in Mali (Minusma)
The book tells (and analyzes) the story of the United Nations multidimensional stabilization operation in Mali (MINUSMA), which closed at the end of the 2023 after almost a decade of existence. MINUSMA, which is the UN operation that has by far attracted the most media attention, has been the laboratory of contemporary peacekeeping, combining several interesting elements. It came on the tail of a French-African military intervention (rehatting African contingents), operated 'in parallel' to various counterterrorism forces (Barkhane and JF G5 Sahel). It has been the deadliest peace operation due to asymmetric threats but has also managed to adapt to a new environment and has witnessed a 'return' of European troop contributors to peacekeeping in Africa but also a significant contribution from China. Most importantly, MINUSMA ultimately became caught in the geopolitical crossfire, with a host government led by a military junta and supported by Russia (and the Wagner Group) defying the Security Council, in the context of a return of East-West rivalries exacerbated by the 2022 Ukraine invasion.
North Korea's Nuclear Cinema
North Korea's Nuclear Cinema examines why and how North Korea has transitioned to an image-based nuclear power in the changing context of a post-Cold War world. What exactly is the North Korean nuclear threat? Why is North Korea engaging in hostilities when its erstwhile adversaries have offered a diplomatic exit ramp? Chapter by chapter, it explains how North Korea's footage-based nuclear politics is presented as military practice, but ultimately traces its lineage to cinematic propaganda, a tradition that blurs the line between image and reality. By leveraging cinematic resources in place of physical military mobilization, North Korea continues to move international political actors with the mere suggestion of nuclear power. At a moment when North Korea is enhancing media representation, this book dives into a timely exploration of how the regime is projecting state power as South Korean televisual media challenges the North Korean communist spectacle that has held a captive audience for decades.
Contemporary Asia
For the first time in the modern era, Asia is not dominated by an outside power. Is this the Asian Century? Will internal rivalries emerge between China, Japan and India? How will growing tensions between the United States and China shape the global economic, strategic and political system? Covering governance, culture, and society in East and South Asia, this book introduces: - Key economic developments, including the Asian economic miracle and the 1997/8 Financial Crisis- The central role of education, and the contentious debate about 'Asian values'- The rapid expansion of military spending in the region- The demography and geography of major nations and their forms of nationalism With further reading suggestions and discussion questions for every chapter, this is essential introductory reading for students of Asian Studies and interested general readers alike.
JOHNSTONE October 24
The nightmare in Gaza and Lebanon continues to unfold, all justified by the narrative that Israel is fighting "terrorists". Who are the terrorists, you might ask? Why, the terrorists are groups which have been designated as such by the very governments who are supplying the bombs. "Terrorist organization" is a completely arbitrary designation which is used as a tool of western narrative control to justify war and militarism. In effect it just means "disobedient population who need bombs dropped on them".Israel is burning people alive in Gaza. An open letter to President Biden from 99 US healthcare workers who volunteered in Gaza contains a quote from Dr Mark Perlmutter, "Gaza was the first time I held a baby's brains in my hand. The first of many." We're the terrorists. We are. The word "terrorist" won't have any meaning or relevance until it applies first and foremost to the giant globe-spanning power structure that is inflicting this nightmare upon our species.This month's issue of JOHNSTONE is titled "We're The Terrorists", featuring a painting of the final moments of Sha'ban al-Dalou, a 19 year-old software engineering student who was burned alive in his hospital bed by Israeli forces.
The New India
A New York Times Notable Book of 2024 "An absorbing account of India's transformation" (The Guardian) from democracy towards autocracy told through "brilliant on-the-ground reportage" (The Times). Since Narendra Modi's election in May 2014, India has become more dysfunctional and dangerous than ever. The "world's largest democracy" has seen a cascade of events ushered in by a nationalistic and religious government that have threatened the freedoms and identities of its citizens. If you support Modi, you are a bhakt, among the devoted. If you do not, you are an urban naxal, an unpatriotic traitor, and enemy of the Hindu faith. There is, increasingly, no room in between. In The New India, journalist Rahul Bhatia investigates this slow burn of democracy in India, connecting past and present to offer the first thorough account of how the country is sliding towards autocracy. He describes the religious, societal, and technological changes that have brought India to a point at which a nationalist mindset that despises democracy and human rights is spreading fast, all in an effort to bind the multiethnic, multilingual, and multicultural country into a single identity. Through a character-driven narrative informed by on the ground reporting, he investigates the disinformation machine at the heart of the Modi government, the corrupt lawmakers whose work targets religious minorities, the police force bent on raiding every public newsroom, and the CEO behind the largest data collecting agency in the world whose invention has forever altered Indian elections. At the same time, Bhatia shows us the consequences of these efforts on everyday citizens--from Muslims attempting to hold on to their property to students protesting the government's overreach of their education to journalists being threatened for uttering a single word against the BJP party. What emerges is a timely, urgent and at times shocking portrait of a country that has turned on itself.
The Revolution of 1936-1939 in Palestine
A radical analysis of Palestinian resistance from one of their most influential voices.Revisit Ghassan Kanafani's pivotal text in a new English edition. Kanafani presents a concrete analysis of the mass uprisings against Zionism, and for independence from British colonialism, taking place in Palestine from 1936 to 1939. With a methodical yet illustrative approach, Kanafani examines the economic, political, social, and cultural conditions that contributed to, and limited, the anti-colonial struggle in this period.Translated by Hazem Jamjoum, with an introduction from Layan Sima Fuleihan and an afterword from Maher Charif GHASSAN KANAFANI was a political activist, artist, and writer who gave his life for the Palestinian people. He took part in founding the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), and is the accomplished author of many short stories, novels, plays, articles, and studies. Kanafani was assassinated in Beirut by the Israeli Mossad in 1972.LAYAN SIMA FULEIHAN is a popular educator and organizer. She is the Education Director of The People's Forum and an editor of 1804 Books in New York City.HAZEM JAMJOUM is a candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy in History and Middle Eastern Studies degree at New York University. His first literary translation of Maya Abu al-Hayyat's La Ahad Ya'rif Zumrat Damih received PEN America's nomination to the New York State Council for the Arts.MAHER CHARIF is Head of the Research Department at the Institute for Palestine Studies, Associate Researcher at the French Institute for the Near East, and Lecturer at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences at Saint Joseph University.
Egypt and the Rise of Fluid Authoritarianism
This book is a ground-breaking and intellectually engaging work on authoritarian discontinuity in Egypt after the shockwaves, and the impact this has had at the overall domestic and international political, social and economic levels. It questions political ecology and the legitimation struggle along the spectrum of sustainable development.
Drones and the Annihilation-Image in Contemporary Warfare
This book analyses the entanglement between Washington and Hollywood to shed light on the violence inherent in the image as a semiotic-material agent in contemporary warfare. In the 21st century, the weaponized military drone, an image-centered machine, has spearheaded the geopolitical curatorship of the USA in the context of the war on terror. Drone violence shares the same characteristics as cinema: image and movement. However, a drone's image is not purely a reflection of the nature of war; it is more than representational, it is performative. Building upon the concept of annihilation-image, this book argues that the image wields a destructive agency as it transitions from reflection to diffraction. Rather than mirroring reality, the annihilation-image creates a brutal pattern of difference in the world. It is a destructive ontology in which seeing and annihilating are in a state of superposition. Therefore, everything that is framed is potentially dead. That is to say, by framing bodies and objects in the terrain, a state of superpositional violence is created in which one is alive, but virtually dead.
The Normalization of the Radical Right
Radical-right behavior is increasing across Western democracies, often very quickly. Previous research has shown, however, that political attitudes and preferences do not change as quickly. Vicente Valentim argues that the role of social norms as drivers of political behavior is crucial for understanding these patterns. Building on a norms-based theory of political supply and demand, he argues that growing radical-right behavior is driven by individuals who already had radical-right views, but who did not act on those views because they thought that they were socially unacceptable. If these voters do not express their preferences, politicians can underestimate how much latent support there is for radical-right policy. This leaves the radical right with less skilled leaders, who are unable to mobilize even radical-right voters to support them. However, if politicians realize that there is more private support for radical-right policy than is typically observable, they have an incentive to run for politics with a radical-right platform and to mobilize silent radical-right views. Their electoral success, in turn, leads to radical-right individuals becoming more comfortable in displaying their views, and impels more politicians to join the radical right. The book's argument makes us rethink how political preferences translate into behavior, shows how social norms affect the interaction of political supply and demand, and highlights how a political culture that promotes inclusion can be eroded. Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action
This handbook is a foundational text which offers a comprehensive, accessible analysis of personal data protection law, and its significance to humanitarian organizations. Bringing together years of research on personal data protection principles, it outlines how humanitarian organizations can use these principles to uphold the rights and dignity of the most vulnerable. Reflecting the rapid evolution of new technologies, the handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the impacts of using specific technologies in humanitarian contexts. It raises awareness of the importance of data protection and suggests practical steps that humanitarian organizations can implement to process the personal data that they hold in a responsible manner that complies with personal data protection principles and requirements. With tailored advice and extensive, up-to-date research, this is a vital resource for humanitarian practitioners and lawyers, data protection authorities and researchers working on humanitarian affairs and personal data protection. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action
Offering a comprehensive, accessible analysis, this handbook outlines how humanitarian organizations can implement personal data protection law to uphold the rights and dignity of the most vulnerable. It explores legal principles and requirements, new technologies, and humanitarian programming. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Environmental Education Program
The aim of this book is to show the results of a research project whose objective was to analyze the constitution of the Environmental Education Program of the State of Bahia (PEA-BA) and the way in which the subjects involved appropriated the concepts of communication, transversalization and evaluation in its 27 Territories of Identity. The PEA-BA has a political value based on participatory democracy, which is being disseminated in the program's proposal through the concepts, statements and structuring axes. It is through this value that the concept of environmental education is disseminated, in other words, what is said about environmental education in this programme necessarily involves a discourse in defence of the decentralization of power or the horizontalization of power relations between the state and civil society. The PEA-BA differs from other programs in that it was built collectively between the state and civil society, and it is also based on a proposal for environmental education from an emancipatory perspective, so that those involved can act in the environment where they are inserted in a conscious way and be co-responsible in the process of managing and caring for their territory of identity.
Asian Defence Review 2024
The world has been undergoing transformational changes, and the security environment is being affected by recent conflicts like the Ukraine Invasion and the Gaza conflict. China's expansionist behaviour continues to affect the Indo-Pacific region and its countries. However, peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region are now tenuous due to the shifting character of conflicts and the constantly shifting geopolitical environment.The last two decades have witnessed a quantum leap in technology, and modern multi-domain warfare has been most affected by this change. Modern warfare's evolving nature is fast becoming dependent on the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, quantum technology and its applications, and the cyber domain. As these technologies advance and grow more sophisticated, they will have a long-lasting effect on conflicts in the future.In light of this, the Asian Defence Review's theme for this year is Emerging Technologies and Changing Dimensions of Threats for India. In order to provide a picture of the defence, it includes the viewpoints of various writers who are experts in their fields.Air Vice Marshal Anil Golani is a Qualified Flying Instructor and an Instrument Rating Instructor and Examiner, commissioned into the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force (IAF) in December 1982. He commanded an Air Defence Direction Centre and an operational base and is one of the few to have served in senior ranks in both the Joint Services Commands of the country, the Andaman & Nicobar Command as the Air Force Component Commander and Strategic Forces Command as the Chief Staff Officer (Air Vector). His other joint Services appointments include Air Officer Commanding Maritime Air Operations in Mumbai and Chief Instructor, Air Force, at the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington. AVM Golani has completed the Staff Course, Higher Air Command Course and a year's course in International Security and Strategy at the Royal College of Defence Studies, London. He superannuated from service in November 2019. An avid writer and author, he has written several articles on air power, national security, strategy and integration of the armed forces. He has also co-edited two books, Air Power and Emerging Technologies and Indian Air Force in its Centennial Decade. He took over as Additional Director General of Centre for Air Power Studies (CAPS) on May 7, 2021, and Director General of CAPS on April 1, 2024.
American Resilience
Amidst all the turmoil and division in the United States, fueled by culture wars and hyper-partisan politics in Washington, ordinary Americans go about their daily lives, distant from the politics of chaos. The vivid color photos of everyday life in America capture the nations neighborhoods, streets, workplaces and even life in the desert.The photos also show that there are individuals and groups who are not experiencing this same level of prosperity. This disparity highlights the pressing issue of inequality in American life. The vast array of photos offers a fresh perspective on American life as it is today.
The Lands in Between
In 2007, Russia launched a hybrid war on the West to preserve its influence in the "lands in between" Russia and the European Union (EU), countries that had left the Soviet Union and gravitated towards an enlarged EU and NATO. Since Russia's meddling in the US presidential election in 2016 and its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, this conflict has altered the politics of all countries involved. Just as the lands in between face a civilizational choice between a future in EU Europe or a revived Russian empire, Western countries must choose between dictatorship and democracy. Yet some politicians benefit from maneuvering between both sides in a conflict that seems to demand loyalty, but often rewards flexibility. This book shows that studying the polarized politics that have afflicted the lands in between for decades helps us to better understand the paradoxes of Western politics in an age of hybrid war.
Farmers-Herders Conflict and Rural-Urban Migration
This study examined Farmers-Headers Conflict and Rural-Urban Migration in Benue State. The study adopts eco-violence theory as its framework of analysis. The study adopted survey design as its methodology and use questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection. The study revealed that, Benue State in recent times has witnessed high prevalence of herdsmen and farmers conflict, the violent confrontations between farmers and herdsmen has many people to migrate from the rural area to urban centres such as Makurdi, Gboko and Otukpo and to several other internally displaced camps scattered throughout the state. The study recommended among other things that, government establish or strengthen conflict mediation, resolution, reconciliation and peace building mechanisms.
Corruption and Anti-Corruption Upside Down
This edited volume provides original research and innovative analysis on corruption and anti-corruption in countries and regions of the Global South. It brings together economists, social and political scientists, and international relations, law, public policy and management scholars working on and from different regions of the Global South in a discussion of the empirical, comparative, and theoretical aspects of corruption and anti-corruption. By reflecting on a variety of experiences, theories, and methodologies, this collective effort responds to the call to decolonise social sciences and democratise the dialogue between policymakers, practitioners, and the general public.
The Dark Side of Diplomacy
Embark on a Journey into the Shadows of Global PoliticsIntrigue, power, manipulation-the world of international diplomacy holds secrets far beyond the public eye. The Dark Side of Diplomacy: Unseen Forces Shaping Nations and Fates invites readers to pierce the veil of formalities and discover the real maneuvers steering the course of our world. This book doesn't just tell a story; it reveals the clandestine strategies, ethical dilemmas, and covert operations that have defined geopolitical landscapes.From the evolution of diplomatic practices to the high-stakes world of cyber diplomacy, this comprehensive guide walks you through the nuances of modern politics. You'll explore the art of influence, uncover the truth behind diplomatic intrigue, and confront the ethical questions that loom over acts of persuasion and coercion. With detailed case studies, The Dark Side of Diplomacy offers an unparalleled insight into how nations navigate the treacherous waters of global governance.Witness firsthand the battle for resources that pushes nations to the brink, and understand the pivotal role non-state actors play in shaping foreign policy. The chapters on regional tensions and proxy wars illuminate the complexities of a multipolar world, offering a clear-eyed view of the shifting alliances and power balances at play. Moreover, delve into the unique challenges faced by nations like Israel and the shadowy operations aiming for regional dominance.But The Dark Side of Diplomacy does more than expose the realities of international relations; it also points toward the future. In a world increasingly connected yet divided, innovations in diplomacy offer hope for more transparent and fair negotiations. This book equips readers with the knowledge to understand the underlying forces of diplomacy, providing a foundation for advocating a world where influence is wielded responsibly.For enthusiasts of politics, history, and international relations, The Dark Side of Diplomacy is an essential addition to your library. Embrace the chance to uncover the unseen forces shaping nations and fates, and embark on a thrilling exploration of the dark side of diplomacy.
The Dark Side of Diplomacy
Embark on a Journey into the Shadows of Global PoliticsIntrigue, power, manipulation-the world of international diplomacy holds secrets far beyond the public eye. The Dark Side of Diplomacy: Unseen Forces Shaping Nations and Fates invites readers to pierce the veil of formalities and discover the real maneuvers steering the course of our world. This book doesn't just tell a story; it reveals the clandestine strategies, ethical dilemmas, and covert operations that have defined geopolitical landscapes.From the evolution of diplomatic practices to the high-stakes world of cyber diplomacy, this comprehensive guide walks you through the nuances of modern politics. You'll explore the art of influence, uncover the truth behind diplomatic intrigue, and confront the ethical questions that loom over acts of persuasion and coercion. With detailed case studies, The Dark Side of Diplomacy offers an unparalleled insight into how nations navigate the treacherous waters of global governance.Witness firsthand the battle for resources that pushes nations to the brink, and understand the pivotal role non-state actors play in shaping foreign policy. The chapters on regional tensions and proxy wars illuminate the complexities of a multipolar world, offering a clear-eyed view of the shifting alliances and power balances at play. Moreover, delve into the unique challenges faced by nations like Israel and the shadowy operations aiming for regional dominance.But The Dark Side of Diplomacy does more than expose the realities of international relations; it also points toward the future. In a world increasingly connected yet divided, innovations in diplomacy offer hope for more transparent and fair negotiations. This book equips readers with the knowledge to understand the underlying forces of diplomacy, providing a foundation for advocating a world where influence is wielded responsibly.For enthusiasts of politics, history, and international relations, The Dark Side of Diplomacy is an essential addition to your library. Embrace the chance to uncover the unseen forces shaping nations and fates, and embark on a thrilling exploration of the dark side of diplomacy.
Empresas militares privadas y la externalizaci籀n de la guerra
Favorecido con un gran talento y habilidades de comunicaci籀n, Renan de Souza muestra en este libro una genuina curiosidad intelectual mezclada con una sobresaliente capacidad de ir m獺s all獺 de los eventos hist籀ricos con una perspectiva profunda, hol穩stica e innovadora sobre la pol穩tica y las relaciones internacionales, teniendo un excelente dominio de esos campos. Esta obra saca a la luz conceptos cruciales para entender la guerra y la paz. Precisamente, llamo la atenci籀n sobre la significativa aplicaci籀n de la seguridad humana en este libro.?scar Arias S獺nchezExpresidente de Costa Rica (1986-1990; 2006-2010)Ganador del Premio Nobel de la Paz (1987) Este es un estudio muy valioso y oportuno, y el Sr. De Souza tiene mis felicitaciones por concluir un libro tan gratificante.Dra. Jelena AparacRelatora principal del Grupo de Trabajo de la ONU sobre el uso de mercenarios El libro se簽ala acertadamente los defectos de privatizar la guerra o desplegar mercenarios para luchar en guerras por lucro.Fawzia KoofiMiembro del Parlamento de Afganist獺n Renan de SouzaEs un periodista galardonado y experto en relaciones internacionales, reconocido por la Uni籀n Europea, el Departamento de Estado de EUA y el Senado de Argentina. Renan fue elegido como una de las 100 Personas de Ascendencia Africana M獺s Influyentes del Mundo (Naciones Unidas). Tiene una maestr穩a en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de Londres (Becario Chevening) y sus art穩culos acad矇micos se publican a nivel mundial. Renan ha visitado m獺s de 70 pa穩ses y le apasiona la pol穩tica y las relaciones internacionales.
The Golden Land Ablaze
Myanmar's generals didn't expect the nation to rise up against the coup they staged in February 2021. But after decades of stifling, direct military rule, the Burmese people had become used to another way of life during the relative openness of 2011-21. The army has been unable to suppress anti-coup protests as it did in 1962 and 1988; and, three years after sending tanks into Yangon, Naypyitaw and other cities, the army has yet to establish a functioning administration. For the first time since the 1970s, armed resistance is not confined to traditionally strife-torn frontier areas, where ethnic insurgents like the Karen National Union and Kachin Independence Army have been active for decades--it has spread to the majority-Burmese heartland, in the shape of the People's Defence Forces. But the anti-junta forces are insufficiently well-equipped to defeat the much more heavily armed Myanmar army, which itself is stretched too thin, on several fronts, to crush the resistance. And, despite foreign observers' assurances, there is no unity, common command or synchronized strategy among the various ethnic-minority and ethnic-Burmese resistance groups. This is a war that neither side can win. Caught in the middle, and bound to suffer most, are civilians.
Climate Agendas and Instability
This book examines the expansion of climate governance frameworks in the EU and US and their re-framing as part of green industrial programs.Addressing research on how vectors of stability and punctuation interact to advance or block policy progress, the book breaks new ground by presenting a theoretical framework suitable to integrate insights of comparative research and "sui generis" accounts of climate policy as a variable and multi-dimensional issue. In its empirical part, it compares two contrasting trajectories of climate policy-making: namely, the adaptation of the European Green Deal agenda to the exogenous shocks of the Covid pandemic and war in Ukraine through its NextGen and REPowerEU programs; and the launch of green industrial policies targeting infrastructure (Bipartisan Infrastructure Law) and inflation reduction (Inflation Reduction Act) in the US. Finally discussing to what degree the EU and US show signs of convergence towards a new type of climate policy from opposed starting points, the book identifies future research agendas around the topics of climate policy integration and politicization.This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of climate change governance, EU and US politics, environmental politics and comparative politics.
The United States, China, and the Competition for Control
This book considers whether the United States and the People's Republic of China have irreconcilable visions of world order.The United States, China, and the Competition for Control evaluates the twin claims that China seeks to dismantle the post-World War II international order and that the United States seeks to defend it. It defines the post-war order and examines how the United States and China have behaved within and in relation to it since 1945. An analysis of the two states' rhetoric and policy reveals that their preferences for international order are not as divergent as today's conventional wisdom suggests. The book therefore concludes that U.S. policies that treat China as a threat to international order are misplaced and offers policy recommendations for how the United States can both preserve the post-war order and protect its vital national interests.The book will be of interest to foreign policy practitioners, commentators, and analysts as well as students and scholars of security studies, international relations, and geopolitics.
International Relations Theories
A comprehensive and accessible introduction to international relations theories with a unique emphasis on positioning IR theories within their social, political, and historical contexts to help students fully understand IR theories and their influence. A comprehensive first introduction to international relations theories which encourages students to fully understand the purpose and function of IR theory. Readers are introduced to each IR theory and asked to consider the social, political, and historical context within which the theory emerged. Pedagogical features such as 'Think Critically' and 'Twisting the lens' provide the tools students need to apply IR theory to global issues. - A comprehensive introduction to mainstream IR theories and critical approaches to IR, explained within the social, political, and historical context, to demonstrate that theory does not emerge from a vacuum.- An expert authorial voice guides students through the required material in a gentle, reassuring pace, with an accessible and concise style, without shying away from the more complex theories and concepts.- A clear and consistent structure and pedagogical framework of key terms, key concepts, key events, and key thinkers, to enable students with little or no knowledge of theory to develop a strong theoretical understanding, supported by easy-to-navigate points of reference.- Critical reflection on new theoretical knowledge is encouraged by 'Think Critically' questions that are supported by hints and tips to guide avenues of thought.- Opportunities to apply theory to today's events and issues and to practise using theory to analyse and interpret important societal concerns- Available as an e-book enhanced with self-assessment activities and multi-media content to offer a fully immersive experience and extra learning support
International Relations Theories
Unrivalled coverage of IR theories from leading experts, including historically dominant traditions such as realism, and liberalism, to theories such as postcolonialism and green theory. Featuring a new organisation to reflect the importance and focus on global IR as well as newly authored chapters on classical realism, liberalism, Marxism, and critical theories. A wide range of case studies show readers how theory can be applied to address concrete political problems. Key Features: - Expert line-up of contributors offer coverage of dominant and emerging theories and arguments from diverse perspectives- Includes coverage of historically marginalised theories, including postcolonialism and environmentalism- A case study in each chapter shows how theory can be used to explain real-world problems and dilemmas and additional questions to encourage students to analyse and evaluate the different theories for themselves- Boxes highlighting key books or articles introduce students to prominent works in the field to encourage wider reading and research interests- Spotlights on key books and articles encourage readers to go beyond the textbook and develop their research interests, exploring important works in the field New to this Edition: - An enhanced ebook with author videos, self-test questions, and pointers to answering case study questions- Newly authored chapters on classical realism, liberalism, and Marxism provide students with fresh perspectives on these theories- Newly authored chapter on critical theories illustrates the intersectional nature of critical theories as it relates to gender, race, and decolonisation, while speaking to topical debates in the field- The global IR chapter has been moved to the beginning of the text, which encourages students to critically reflect on the context in which IR developed and appreciate the importance of viewing international relations theories from truly representative perspectives from the very start- Updated online resources include pointers on answering case study questions, supporting students to apply theories to real world issues Digital Formats and Resources: International Relations Theories is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supportedby online resources. The enhanced e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with self-test multiple choice questions, functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks http: //www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks The digital version, available on Politics Trove, is also accompanied by online resources.These include: For students: - Self-test questions for every section of the chapter, to help you test your knowledge as you go- Author videos explaining concepts or going into greater depth into a case study- Pointers on answering the case study questionsFor lecturers: - Test Bank for each chapter- PowerPoint slides with a deck for each chapter to help build lecture materials
The Social Roots of Authoritarianism
Why are some authoritarian regimes highly competitive and others highly unified? Do they function differently? And what does it mean for our understanding of democracy and democratization? In The Social Roots of Authoritarianism, Natalia Forrat describes two models of authoritarianism: the first in which people see the state as their team leader and the other where they trust informal (non-state) leaders and see the state as a source of perks or punishment. Depending on which vision of the state is dominant in society, she argues that autocrats must use different tools to consolidate their regimes or risk a pushback. If people view the state as their team leader, autocrats rely on social conformity and teamwork logic. If people view the state as an outsider, autocrats rely on clientelist bargains and utility maximization logic. Unpacking the grassroot mechanisms maintaining unity-based and division-based authoritarianisms further, Forrat compares the structures of political machines in four Russian regions. She finds that the two regions with centralized organizational structures bound by social solidarity and team logic delivered predictable, stable results across multiple elections. But the other two regions that relied on decentralized structures with multiple levels of brokers acting independently of each other were less effective in delivering stable results. Carefully crafted and sophisticated, Forrat's theory of authoritarian power sheds new light on state-society relations in Russia. But it is also broadly applicable beyond Russia and helps explain the divergent patterns of regime maintenance strategies in authoritarian countries throughout the world.
Right to the City
Based on extensive, original fieldwork, as well as new survey data, The Right to the City contributes to the study of democratization by focusing on the dilemmas and opportunities of popular contention in the city of Buenos Aires. It also offers an excellent overview of the history of social mobilization in Argentina. Gabriela Ippolito-O'Donnell's main assertion in this study is that through various channels of collective action and associational activities, as well as by voting, the urban popular sector is a fundamental actor in the pursuit of the expansion and consolidation of citizenship rights. Using both qualitative analysis and quantitative data, Ippolito-O'Donnell explores what factors--economic, politico-institutional, organizational, and subjective--account for the emergence in the 1980s, and collapse in the 1990s, of a wave of grassroots popular organizations in Villa Lugano, a poor neighborhood located in the south of Buenos Aires. She identifies factors crucial for explaining the organizational weakness and concomitant cyclical patterns of collective action by the urban poor, as well as the consequences for alleviating poverty and inequality in this newly democratized nation.
Iran Is More Than Persia
Iran is More than Persia: Ethnic Politics in Iran analyses Iranian politics from a unique perspective, one that focuses on the relations between the Persian-dominated Iranian state and the country's ethnic minorities. The book explores the stability of the ruling regime in light of the challenges that multiethnicity brings. Persians comprise less than half of the population of Iran and more than 40 percent of Iranians lack fluency in the Persian language. An overwhelming majority of non-Persian groups inhabit most of Iran's border regions; as such the book explores Iran's foreign policy toward neighboring states that share co-ethnic populations. Iran's ethnic minorities inhabit the state's poorest provinces and the country's growing environmental and water supply challenges hit the ethnic minority provinces harder than the Persian center, adding an ominous ethnic character to what are often presented as purely environmental or economic challenges. The book further examines the potential impact of ethnic based unrest in Khuzestan on Iran's oil production, Iran's main oil producing region. Drawing on a rich assortment of primary data and interviews, this book offers unparalled insights into ethnic politics in Iran. It will be of interest to upper-level undergraduates and postgraduates, researchers and professionals interested in the Middle East, international relations, and ethnic studies.
The Democracy Myth
The relationship between governance models and national development is one of the most complex and debated topics in the realm of global politics and economics. The traditional belief in democracy as the optimal system for promoting human rights, economic prosperity, and social development has dominated much of the global discourse for decades. However, the rise of non-democratic regimes, particularly China, as economic powerhouses challenges this narrative, prompting a deeper examination of whether democracy is truly essential for development, especially in the context of developing nations.This book embarks on a comparative analysis of India, the world's largest democracy, and China, the world's most populous authoritarian regime, to explore how their respective governance models have shaped their development trajectories. India and China, both vast nations with complex histories and similar starting points after colonial rule, offer valuable insights into how different governance systems impact economic growth, social mobility, legal efficiency, and global influence.India, with its pluralistic democratic system, upholds the values of political freedom and electoral participation. Yet, it faces significant challenges in translating these democratic ideals into tangible development outcomes. In contrast, China's centralized authoritarian system, though limiting political freedoms, has delivered unprecedented economic growth, poverty alleviation, and infrastructure development. This raises critical questions: Is democracy truly necessary for fostering development, or can a more centralized, authoritarian approach provide better outcomes for certain nations?Throughout this book, each chapter dissects key aspects of governance, from legal efficiency and crime rates to social mobility, technological adoption, and cultural influence. By comparing the successes and shortcomings of India and China, the book challenges the reader to reconsider preconceived notions about governance models and their implications for development. It also highlights the lessons other developing countries can learn from these two giants, as they navigate their own unique paths toward economic growth and modernization.Ultimately, this book does not aim to discredit democracy or promote authoritarianism but seeks to present an objective, evidence-based analysis of how different governance systems function in practice, particularly in the context of the unique challenges faced by developing nations. The goal is to broaden the reader's understanding of governance and development, while offering a nuanced perspective on the ongoing debate between democracy and authoritarianism in the global arena.
Suffering and Smiling
Suffering and Smiling presents a glimpse inside everyday North Korea. Educator and hunger activist, Byung-Ho Chung, illustrates his interactions with the citizenry both inside the border and as refugees in South Korea.
Foreign Policy Analysis
Foreign Policy Analysis is the most systematic, thorough guide to core foreign policy approaches, drawing insights from international relations and non-Western perspectives to provide students with a full understanding of theory. Brummer and Opperman put theoretical approaches front and centre without neglecting the righ connection with international relations theories. This book challenges Western-centric perspectives on foreign policy analysis and reflects the rise of non-Western scholarship in the field. This edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats. The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks.
Global Political Economy
What constitutes Global Political Economy? In whose interest is GPE constructed, and by whom? How can injustices in GPE best be redressed? These are some of the key questions that this new edition addresses by re-imagining this highly regarded textbook. As this is an ever-evolving field subject to constant changes and developments, the new edition of this highly regarded tex provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject written by leading experts in the field. Edited by Erin Hannah, it surveys major contemporary issues and debates in GPE while being attuned to the silences, marginalizations, and exclusions that predominate the field. By integrating a wide range of theoretical approaches, rich empirical material, non-western viewpoints and diversity of contributors, the seventh edition provides enhanced coverage of the central axes of inequality in GPE and centers such topics as colonialism, racial injustice, gender inequality, and North-South divides, making them focal points for inquiry throughout the book.
Us-China Rivalry
US-China Rivalry offers a holistic analysis of the unfolding of US-China competition in the Indo-Pacific, using a novel theory called neo-offensive realism. It synthesises quantitative and qualitative data to examine the intensification of US-China competition across the Indo-Pacific in recent years, with a focus on why the competition is intensifying under the interplay of system-level and unit-level forces; where the competition is unfolding across states and quasi-states in the region; how the competition is conducted through economic and military influence mechanisms; and whither the competition is developing in the future.
Us Public Diplomacy in Socialist Yugoslavia, 1950-70
The first comprehensive account of the public and cultural diplomacy campaigns carried out by the US in Yugoslavia during the height of the Cold War, this book examines the political role of culture in US-Yugoslav bilateral relations and the fluid links between information and propaganda. Tito allowed the US Information Agency and the State Department's cultural programmes to enter Yugoslavia, liberated from Soviet control. The exchange of intellectual and political personnel helped foster the US-Yugoslav relationship, yet it posed severe ideological challenges for both sides. By providing new insights into porous borders between freedom and coercion in Tito's regime, this book shows how public diplomacy acted as an external input for Yugoslav liberalisation and dissident movements. Using extensive archival research and interviews, Konta analyses the links between information and propaganda, and the unintended effects of propaganda beyond the control of producers and receivers.
Unofficial Peace Diplomacy
The book analyses the phenomenon of private peace entrepreneurs - citizens with no official authority who initiate dialogue channels with official representatives in order to promote conflict resolution. The research combines theoretical discussion with historical analysis, examining four cases from different conflicts.
Russia Reimagined
Maria Kuznetsova's book, "Russia Reimagined," details Russia's geopolitical evolution from the Soviet collapse to the present day, covering economic turmoil, political consolidation under Putin, relations with the West, and Russia's evolving domestic and foreign policies.Contributions of the Book- Geopolitical Influence and Strategies: The book delves into Russia's geopolitical strategies, particularly focusing on its influence in regions like the South Caucasus and Central Asia. It highlights the historical associations and ongoing tensions in areas such as Nagorno-Karabakh, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, emphasizing the need to thoroughly examine Russia's influence and interrelations in these critical areas.- Economic and Energy Partnerships: The book discusses the economic collaborations between Russia and European nations, which include trade, investment, and technological exchanges. These partnerships have facilitated mutual economic growth and technology transfers, although they have also faced challenges such as regulations, sanctions, and trade disputes.- Cultural Influence and Soft Power: The book explores Russia's use of cultural influence and soft power as part of its geopolitical strategies. This includes disseminating ideas and cultural exchanges, which influence Russia's broader global influence.- Unintended Outcomes and Challenges: The book addresses the unintended outcomes of Russia's geopolitical actions, such as the complexities and challenges that arise from its interventions and alliances. These outcomes highlight the intricate nature of international relations and the potential for unforeseen consequences.- Future Projections and Resolutions: The book proposes potential resolutions for geopolitical conflicts, such as deploying a United Nations peacekeeping mission and using international legal mechanisms for arbitration. These suggestions aim to foster stability and uphold international law in disputed territories.- Transformation and Challenges in Russia: The book examines Russia's internal transformations and challenges, including economic and political shifts. It provides insights into the country's domestic changes and their implications for its international strategies.These contributions collectively offer a comprehensive analysis of Russia's geopolitical strategies, economic collaborations, cultural influence, and the domestic and international challenges it faces. A Must Read.
Enhancing Offensive Cyber Capability At National Level
"Enhancing Offensive Cyber Capability at National Level" aims to navigate and equip the cyber professionals, policymakers, organisations and beginners, highlighting the framework and complexities of Offensive Cyberspace Operations (Cyber Defence, Cyber Exploitation and Cyber Attack). The research highlights focus areas desiring Atmanirbharta, global emerging, and best practices, and recommends immediate and Long-term measures to establish a potent Offensive Information and Cyber Deterrence capability.
South Asian Instability
This book examines key concerns in South Asian security through a fine-grained history of the accidental firing of a missile and its aftermath between two nuclear-armed states--India and Pakistan--with tense relations in March 2022. It consolidates the official statements, media discourse and debates within the strategic communities in both countries into a coherent narrative. It looks at the role of key institutions in the crisis such as the Indian Air Force (IAF), The Directorate of Air Staff Inspection-IAF, Indian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Pakistan Air Force (PAF), Pakistani Foreign Office (FO), Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) and others. The book also examines the missile accident's coverage in the international media and discussions in the global think-tank community.Drawing on a host of resources, including published interviews of government officials, analyses in media, and strategic communities in India, Pakistan and the United States, this volume will be key reading for scholars and researchers of military and strategic studies, politics and international relations, public policy and South Asian studies.
How to Stop Wars and Save the World
Bob Worden, Esq. is an experienced lawyer who focuses on helping people and corporations reach fair settlements in high-stakes lawsuits, finding creative solutions, saving tremendous expense and limiting risks. In How To Stop Wars And Save The World, Bob reveals multiple surprising stories that are not usually taught in schools. Most people don't know about these individuals and the events that led to the three pivotal American wars.His fascinating portrayal of key their personalities and motivations, and the facts and circumstances that drove these wars will captivate readers while they learn fundamental concepts of negotiation and settlement in serious disputes and why settlement is always the preferable solution.
Democratic Turbulence in the United Kingdom
Numerous analysts have lately expressed concern about tendencies including democratic backsliding and populism occurring in many countries worldwide. This book considers such theories in the context of the United Kingdom (UK) in the period since 2016, examining Brexit and numerous other subjects. The author applies the techniques of the historian, drawing on a variety of primary and secondary materials. Offering both evidence-based assessment and polemic, the work presents its analysis in a variety of different forms, intended to convey the complexity and extensive sweep of the issues. The book concludes that, while they have precedents, UK democracy faces real and broad challenges. The author makes recommendations for addressing these problems.
Democracy in Latin America
Between 1978 and 2006, most Latin American countries joined the "third wave of democracy". However, as elected governments were set in place all over the region, authoritarian actors often managed to overshadow democratic procedures and preserve their authoritarian enclaves, hindering the transformation of the state and the advancement of citizens' fundamental rights. This book analyzes the extent to which democratic and authoritarian forces are intertwined in political processes and institutional design and how they affect the inclusion of the citizenry in political decisions. This enables readers to understand how autocratization influences the different dimensions of representative democracy.
