Repaving the Silk Road
The vast territory between the Black Sea in the West and China in the East was once home to the major trade route connecting Europe to the Far East, known as the "Silk Road". Today, this area, referred to as the Trans-Caspian region, includes the nations of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan (Central Asia) along with Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan (the South Caucasus). The Trans-Caspian is an area rich in natural resources, and its vast oil and natural gas reserves may soon establish the region as a major energy supplier to global markets. Situated between China, Russia, and the Middle East, the nations of the region are also geopolitically significant to the world's major powers. However, despite their bountiful resources and a steadily increasing global interest, the nations of Central Asia and the South Caucasus are also among the world's poorest, socially repressed, and politically corrupt.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Impact of Alleged Russian Cyber Attacks
High profile cyber attacks against Estonia and Georgia have brought the subject of cyber security from the realm of internet magazines to main stream media outlets. The cyber attacks advanced the perceptions of animosity between the Russian Federation and former Soviet satellites. The cyber attacks that have occurred in the last few years have shown the vulnerabilities of using the internet and the weaknesses of cyber defenses. The international framework, either through regional organization such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU), or through international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), has been inadequate for preventing cyber attacks for political purposes or for bringing cyber criminals to justice. There is little concrete proof of involvement of the Russian Federation government in any cyber attacks. The circumstantial evidence does lead to the perception that the Russian government was behind or supported recent cyber attacks. When countries or organizations stand in opposition to Russia they are likely to receive a cyber attack in order to influence their position. The high likelihood of future cyber attacks, the ease of conducting cyber attacks, and the amount of networks to conduct the attacks make this monograph relevant for study. Government and organizational leaders need to ensure that their cyber defenses are ready to protect private information, internet services, and electrical grids that rely on internet technology to function. Former Soviet satellites, the United States, and international organizations need to strive to increase international co-operation in order to defeat cyber crime. Without a legal international framework cyber criminals will continue to operate in areas where there are no laws or agreements concerning cyber security. Nations can build their own defenses but co-operation and the sharing of technical data will enable a safer internet environment for everyone. The computerThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Examination of the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Role of NATO and the EU
Announced in 2003, the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) represents an effort by the U.S. to assemble a global response to the threat posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and related materials. This paper first describes the defining characteristics of the PSI, to include the international security context in which it was introduced. Next, the progress achieved by the initiative is examined, mainly the interdiction of a shipment of WMD-related parts to Libya, exercises to enhance the program's operational reach, and boarding agreements with important flag states. The interdiction of merchant vessel SO SAN, which pre-dated PSI, is included due its influence on the program and the insights it offers. Building upon those discussions, the paper highlights some of the challenges that must be addressed for the initiative to realize its full potential, namely the need for penetrating intelligence into proliferation activity and the legal considerations that can limit action in international waters. Recent and ongoing maritime operations conducted by NATO and the European Union (EU) are described thereafter due to their relevance to the PSI. The paper concludes with analysis of the ways in which NATO and the EU can contribute to the PSI if, as institutions, they make the political decision to do so.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Venezuela and Chavez
The next 10 years will bring many challenges and opportunities for the United States and its involvement with the Ch獺vez government of Venezuela. The question on how should the United States prepare its interaction with an increasingly hostile Venezuelan government can be better answered through the use of scenario-planning methodology, a process of five phases: Orient, Explore, Synthesize, Act, and Monitor. With Ch獺vez and Venezuela, the scenario-based methodology process begins by identifying potential changes in events or forces between the US and Venezuela. These events or forces are combined in different ways to create a set of four stories about how the future could unfold. With the creation of these four stories, implications are derived, adding depth of each scenario. At the end, indicators are developed for monitoring events that could unfold, providing insight to potentially predicted outcomes. In order to ensure national and regional security policy success in the Western Hemisphere, the United States' government must always consider national security strategies for potential future interaction with the Ch獺vez government of Venezuela.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Confronting Resurgent Russia
In the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union, all of the former republics have experienced upheaval and uncertainty. In the case of Russia, the largest and most powerful republic, organized crime and unorganized government led to many questions among Western leaders as to the political direction the former superpower would take. With the rise of Vladimir Putin and his consolidation of power first as president and now prime minister, those questions may have been answered. The present Russian leadership appears intent on reestablishing Russia's former sphere of influence with the ultimate goal of regaining their superpower status--at least in the immediate surrounding region.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Armed Diplomacy
In fiscal year 2008, United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) carried out 122 humanitarian projects in 26 countries. It conducted 65 Medical Readiness Training Exercises (MEDRETEs) in 17 countries, treating over 200,000 people and 46,000 animals. In addition, it provided coordinated response to disasters in Costa Rica, Panama, and Haiti. This paper will show that the use of military resources as soft power has many effects on American strategic posture in LATAM. The negative effects include militarizing US foreign policy, shifting funds away from civilian agencies, overestimating the strategic influence, delegitimizing regional actors, stressing US military forces, and degrading the local infrastructure. The positive effects of military use as soft power include providing a constant presence in area of operations, providing training to US military members, improving relations at the local/village level, and establishing contacts for future military operations. Finally, this paper proposes that the most appropriate soft power application of military assets in Latin America for the future is disaster relief. The January 2010 US response to the earthquake in Haiti was used as a case study. In conclusion, over-utilization of the military for purposes other than disaster relief as an instrument of soft power actually serves to weaken the overall strategic posture of the United States in Latin America.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Prince
"Everyone sees what you seem to be, few know what you really are; and those few do not dare take a stand against the general opinion." - Machiavelli, The Prince."Contemporary Americans, perhaps more than anyone else, could learn a lesson or two from Machiavelli." - John T. Scott, Robert Zaretsky and Michael Gonchar, The New York Times. "Machiavelli's The Prince is one of those rare brain-children with which all respectable minds claim acquaintance." -- Lloyd Eshleman, The New York Times."The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him." - Machiavelli, The Prince."His city's tempestuous history taught Machiavelli a lesson he tries to convey to future readers: that no one man can overpower a free people unless they let him." - Erica Benner, The Guardian.Machiavelli is often portrayed as the first honest teacher of dishonest politics." - Erica Benner, The Guardian.The Prince is a manual for those who wish to win and keep power. Plato and Aristotle viewed politics as an aspect of ethics. They described an ideal state and presumed that a good leader would aim to create an ideal state, and that the pursuit of virtue would lead to the success of the leader and the state. Niccol簷 Machiavelli set aside political ideals and went straight to the truth of how things really work. For him, virtue was the set of characteristics that lead to success. Machiavelli had read widely on the military and political history of Rome, Greece, and Persia, and, from his position as second chancellor of the Florentine Republic, in charge of diplomacy and warfare, he observed the fortunes of the warring Italian states and their leaders. Florence was caught between the much greater powers of Milan, Venice and Rome, and relied more on diplomatic strategy than military strength for its security.Machiavelli's careful, concise analysis of human nature over the ages has made The Prince as important in political science as Plato's Republic and Thomas More's Utopia, and it deserves a careful reading.Niccol簷 Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine republic. His most famous work is The Prince. However, his writing includes the lengthy Discourses on Livy, and works of poetry, fiction, and drama. Machiavelli is regarded as the first political scientist.
Hardcourt Diplomats
When the Soviet Union collapsed, new nations emerged from its shadow searching for identity, unity, and pride. For millions across Eastern Europe and Eurasia, basketball offered far more than entertainment-it became a language of hope, renewal, and diplomacy. Hardcourt Diplomats traces the extraordinary journey of basketball in the post-Soviet world, from its Soviet legacy to its role in forging new cultures, communities, and international relationships.This sweeping narrative follows the game's grassroots revival in Lithuania and Latvia, the emergence of Serbian and Russian powerhouses, the battles fought in iconic arenas, and the global journeys of players and coaches. Blending political history, sporting drama, and social transformation, the book reveals how basketball united divided peoples, became a form of soft power, and gave voice to the dreams of nations in transition. Drawing on stories of iconic clubs, unforgettable matches, and legendary personalities, Hardcourt Diplomats uncovers how a simple game became a symbol of resilience and reinvention-reshaping not only sport, but society itself.
Swap
From the Wall Street Journal's award-winning international investigations team comes a spellbinding account of a spy war between the U.S. and Russia that transformed into a ruthless game of hostage-taking, in which Putin held all the cards.Narrated with the propulsive drive of a spy thriller and packed with revelatory reporting, Swap takes you deep inside a shadow war that will upend how you think about global politics. It is the first full account of the Kremlin's game of human poker--and the extraordinary lengths the U.S. had to go to to retrieve its citizens, including Brittney Griner, Evan Gershkovich, Paul Whelan, Alsu Kurmasheva, and numerous others whose arrests were unseen collateral damage in a hidden conflict.Swap unspools the history behind the series of prisoner trades that returned Moscow and Washington to the crude transactional logic of the Cold War, culminating in the two rivals' largest and most complex swap ever. On August 1, 2024, twenty-four people jailed in seven nations were exchanged, including eight Russian spies, smugglers, hackers, and a professional hit man. But that headline moment was only the climax of a secret war two decades in the making.Investigative reporters Drew Hinshaw and Joe Parkinson were Pulitzer finalists for their work with Gershkovich to uncover the Russian officials responsible for resurrecting a brutal tactic once wielded by the KGB. Now they reveal the story of how the Russian government planted deep-cover agents in the West, how the CIA tracked them down, and how Russia responded by snatching American citizens--imprisoning them under false or jacked-up charges--forcing the U.S. government to play Putin's game.Swap takes you inside the Oval Office, the Kremlin, the headquarters of the CIA and MI6, and the living rooms of ordinary families forced to become activists in order to bring their loved ones home. You'll meet the Gulf royals, billionaire tech moguls, and unlikely Hollywood intermediaries navigating back channels to save lives. You'll visit remote Arctic prison camps and cordoned-off Middle Eastern airstrips. And you'll discover how the CIA and MI6 waged a quiet, high-stakes campaign against a Kremlin that was abducting Americans to build leverage.Tracking each move and countermove in a multilayered Rubik's Cube of negotiations, Swap unscrambles and decodes the spy craft really going on between the U.S. and Russia, offering a chilling diagnosis for how power works in the twenty-first century.
Applied Statistics for Court Management - The Ultimate Guide to Efficient Courts
Applied Statistics for Court Management - The Ultimate Guide to Efficient Courts is a comprehensive book on the application of scientific methods to appraise, monitor and evaluate court performance. In addition to proposing over 30 measures of court performance which can be applied in any jurisdiction, the book extensively interrogates one of the central pre-occupations of modern court systems - the causes and consequences of court delay and scientifically explores the factors which influences court productivity. Thus, the book embodies a wealth of insights on how to manage modern courts using data to improve judicial accountability and enhance the quality and timeliness of the delivery of justice to the society. It is well established in development literature that strong, efficient judiciaries are an important cornerstone in fostering economic growth and development in any nation. This book has a wide range of essential information and measurements to inform the creation of excellent courts, which is essential to economic advancement and poverty alleviation in the long run. Several scenarios are used in this book from the Jamaican jurisdiction, which continues to undergo rapid operational, structural and systemic transformations and currently provides viable case studies on how to engender the creation of efficient courts.
50 Years in Fair Trade
Martin Kunz has been active in Fair Trade for more than 45 years. From the time when he served with local Non Governmental Organizations in Kolkata in the mid 1970 until today, he was part of a group that founded one of the first World Shops in Germany, he was the first chairman of the board of directors of gepa, the world's largest Alternative Trade Organization, he was founding executive secretary of the global Fairtrade label association TransFair International (TFI) and also of its successor FairTrade Labelling Organization (FLO - nowadays Fairtrade international). In 1994 he wrote the first criteria for Fairtrade labelled tea (which included the introduction of the 'Joint Body' concept, which became blueprint for criteria involving hired labour) and for Fairly Traded soccerballs (1998).Most recently he expanded Fair Trade to cover natural rubber, and for nine years he was the director of the Fair Rubber Association. He is still active with his company Diversity Honeys Ltd., raising awareness for issues such as biodiversity (particularly pollinator diversity) by selling honey from Asian honey bees and plastic free gardening products. This book brings together some of his writing, including his PhD thesis on 'Third World Shops', which becomes electronically available for the first time.
How Singapore Beat the Odds
This book tells the inside story of how Singapore defied considerable odds to develop a dynamic economy and cohesive society in the 60 years since the city-state's independence.Through in-depth interviews with some of the nation's most influential leaders - Abdullah Tarmugi, Chan Sek Keong, Cheong Koon Hean, Halimah Yacob, Peter Ho, Khaw Boon Wan, Lim Siong Guan, Ravi Menon, Seah Jiak Choo, Tan Yong Soon, Eddie Teo, Teo Ming Kian - How Singapore Beat the Odds explores various facets of public policy that shaped Singapore's remarkable transformation.Their first-hand accounts will inform, enlighten and inspire anyone seeking insights into successful public governance.
How Singapore Beat the Odds
This book tells the inside story of how Singapore defied considerable odds to develop a dynamic economy and cohesive society in the 60 years since the city-state's independence.Through in-depth interviews with some of the nation's most influential leaders - Abdullah Tarmugi, Chan Sek Keong, Cheong Koon Hean, Halimah Yacob, Peter Ho, Khaw Boon Wan, Lim Siong Guan, Ravi Menon, Seah Jiak Choo, Tan Yong Soon, Eddie Teo, Teo Ming Kian - How Singapore Beat the Odds explores various facets of public policy that shaped Singapore's remarkable transformation.Their first-hand accounts will inform, enlighten and inspire anyone seeking insights into successful public governance.
Silencing the Guns: Pathways to Sustainable Peace in Postcolonial Africa
This book interrogates the major challenges of postcolonial Africa that have hindered development, peace, and security. It advocates for different paths to secure peace and tranquillity, more specifically by employing indigenous knowledge systems, and examines the sources of African military coups d'矇tat in political and other contexts, and how to prevent their recurrence. The author conducts a multidisciplinary examination of postcolonial Africa's peace and security dynamics, providing readers with a nuanced understanding of the continent's challenges and opportunities in these critical areas. By synthesizing insights from political science, history, sociology, and international relations, they offer a holistic perspective that transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries. In the wake of decolonization, Africa emerged as a continent grappling with myriad challenges, particularly in the realms of peace and security. From colonial legacies to contemporary geopolitical dynamics, the journey towards stability has been fraught with complexities and contradictions. This book delves into these complexities, offering a comprehensive exploration of the factors shaping Africa's peace and security landscape.
Structural Shift of Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific
This book - the latest in our series East Asian Security - was inspired by the Japan-Taiwan Security Dialogue, held by the Taiwan Center for Security Studies, National Chengchi University, and Osaka-based Momoyama Gakuin University. For years, China's political-economic development continued on a trajectory that Western leaders hoped would mirror that of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, and so many others before them: political liberalization followed economic development. Alas, China chose a different path: one driven by a revanchist mindset and a desire to dismantle the current unipolar order, removing the US from the position of global hegemon - starting with the Indo-Pacific region.Now, as the world holds its breath while an assertive China policy under a new, second Trump administration takes shape, this slow structural shift of geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific region threatens to accelerate. The book examines this geopolitical shift from a variety of perspectives, bringing together research and analysis from a number of experts in the field from several different nations and disciplines. It is organized according to three broad themes: the increasing internationalization of Indo-Pacific security, the region's shifting alliance structures, and the growing competition over hegemony.
ASEAN Centrality & Revitalisation Regional Connectivity
In a world of increasingly interconnected economies, the shift toward deeper regional cooperation has become a defining feature of modern trade relations. One of the most significant manifestations of this trend is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), an agreement that encompasses key players in the Asia- Pacific region, including China and the ten ASEAN countries. This book is a collaboration between Nanyang Centre for Public Administration (NCPA), Singapore Manufacturing Federation (SMF) and Lien Ying Chow Legacy Fellowship (LYCLF), explores the evolution of this collaboration, with a particular focus on ASEAN centrality, its impact on global value chains and the broader economic landscape. This book is divided into three themes: Regional Integration and Connectivity of ASEAN, Building of the ASEAN Community through ASEAN-China Economic Cooperation, and Exporting Member States' Role in Regional Integration and Development, written with the goal of offering a thorough analysis of RCEP's role in reshaping the dynamics of trade and commerce in the region. It presents an in-depth look at how this partnership impacts the global value chain and offers fresh insights for academics, business leaders, and policy makers alike.
The Global 1923 and the Treaty of Lausanne
This book is a cutting-edge analysis of how the peace treaty was achieved in Lausanne by placing it in the global context. The Treaty of Lausanne reconsidered explores events from the long great war to the conclusion of the Treaty of Lausanne, examining imperialism and divergent - among and within states - motives, actions and constraints that shaped the peace settlement. It shows that peace can only last if it is a product of negotiation and not imposition. In doing so, the book addresses the silences and the absences that eventually formed controversial aspects of the settlement. It highlights the degree to which the Eastern Question discourse and the western powers' concerns in light of the emerging Turco-Soviet alliance, shaped the proceedings in Lausanne. The Treaty of Lausanne reconsidered reveals how the entanglement and the contestation at Lausanne continues to inform our contemporary politics today.
Ordinary Rebels
How do non-state armed groups change when states look the other way? States rarely engage in total war with militants, even during long-running conflicts. In Ordinary Rebels, Kolby Hanson argues that these periods of state toleration do not simply change armed groups' behavior, but fundamentally transform the organizations themselves by shaping who takes up arms and which leaders they follow. First, because life is safer and easier for cadres, armed groups attract more recruits with few pre-existing commitments to leaders or their goals. Second, because toleration opens opportunities for local governance and armed lobbying, recruits and supporters flock to factions willing to coexist with the state and pursue more modest goals. This book draws on a set of innovative experimental surveys and 75 in-depth interviews tracing four armed movements over time in Northeast India and Sri Lanka. A powerful new theory of how conditions shape the trajectory of non-state armed groups, this book reshapes our understanding of why such organizations become more moderate over time.
Europe Is My Country
Europe is my Country (1963) is a survey of the movement towards uniting Europe into a single state, introducing Europe geographically and considering the East-West split. It describes how the European economy recovered after the Second World War through the transfusion of Marshall Aid and how various bodies grew to meet varying administrative needs - OEEC, OECD, GATT, the Council of Europe, EEC, and European defence embodied in NATO.
Ukraine, Russia and Europe
The 21st century has witnessed a proliferation of conflicts globally with hot spots in Europe and the Middle East. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has many dimensions that are central to all key discussions at the regional and global levels. The book analyses the emergence of a new Cold War in Europe by examining the 2014 and 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflicts/wars and their impact on Russia-EU relations. The book has three focal points. First, it employs a historical lens to examine the relationship between the Soviet Union and the European Community during the Cold War and post-Cold War periods; second, it explores the historical context of Ukraine's relationship with Russia and Europe from Kievan Rus to the present; and third, it gives an assessment of the broader geopolitical consequences of the conflict that has precipitated a new Cold War between Russia and the EU.Dr Renu is an independent researcher and author with a PhD from the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). She worked with the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, from 2019 to 2024. Her research areas are European Affairs, Russian Foreign Policy and Global Politics. She holds a bachelor's and a master's degree from JNU. She is fluent in English, Hindi and German and has a sound understanding of the Russian language. She has presented various papers at national and international conferences. She has published in Journals and has book chapters.
China
The book covers a crucial period when Xi Jinping, despite inner-Party opposition, decided to continue in China's top three leadership positions for an unprecedented third term. It explores the popular dissatisfaction accentuated by the slowing economy, loss of millions of jobs, low salaries and rising prices, and Xi Jinping imposing progressively stringent controls on the populace to quell dissatisfaction from metamorphosing into uncontrollable protests. Xi Jinping also introduced administrative curbs and monitoring of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Politburo members accompanied by intensive ideological and political education of CCP cadres and People's Liberation Army (PLA) personnel. Xi Jinping even personally vetted each cadre for the CCP Central Committee. The trade war with the US has exacerbated China's economic difficulties.The book shows Xi Jinping's thus far unwavering efforts to make China a major world power rivalling, if not surpassing, the US by 2049. China has accordingly continued its aggressive policies to dominate Asia and effect the "rejuvenation" of China including reunification with Taiwan.Rejuvenation, which includes "recovery" of so-called "lost" territories ensuring friction, interspersed with conflict, between India and China over the longer term is examined.Jayadeva Ranade is President of the 'Centre for China Analysis and Strategy'. He has twice been a member of the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB) (2013-2015 & 2023-2025). He retired as Additional Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India in August 2008.He has specialised for over 45 years in analysing developments relating to China, Tibet and East Asia and his foreign assignments include Hong Kong, Beijing and Washington DC.He obtained a Diploma of Advanced Proficiency in Chinese from the Jawaharlal Nehru University and a Certificate and Diploma in Mandarin from the University of Hong Kong.He was conferred both the highest awards of the Organisations out of turn.
Eclipsing the West
As the international order begins to crumble, this incisive book asks what the rise of the Asian superstates means for the future. The Western-dominated world we have known for the past three hundred years is coming to an end. As America withdraws from its role as enforcer of the international order, other countries are moving in to fill the void. Among them are two rising Asian 'superstates'. Accounting for more than a third of the world's population, China and India have the potential to wield enormous economic and political power. China is already vying with the US for the top spot in the global economy, and on some measures has surpassed it. By the middle of the century India may be number two. How will these countries navigate their growing roles on the world stage? What are the implications for commerce, international law and the fight against climate change? Vince Cable has followed China and India for decades, first as a professional economist and later as a senior government minister. In Eclipsing the West he draws on the latest data and a lifetime of political and economic experience to offer a compelling account of what the rise of the Asian superstates means for the future.
Middle East Crises
In Middle East Crises, veteran American diplomat James Jeffrey offers a compelling, first-hand account of U.S. foreign policy and crisis management in the Middle East from 2004 to 2020. Drawing on his decades-long career as a Foreign Service Officer, Jeffrey takes readers behind the scenes of some of the most consequential moments in recent Middle Eastern history.The book chronicles his service under three American presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump detailing his roles in key hotspots like Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. Jeffrey provides vivid recollections of war-zone diplomacy and the balancing act of military and political leadership in the region. From the early challenges of the Iraq War to the emergence of ISIS, and the complexities of dealing with leaders like Erdogan and Putin, his narrative captures the volatile and ever-changing landscape of Middle Eastern affairs.Beyond recounting events, Jeffrey reflects on the broader principles guiding American foreign policy, the challenges of maintaining alliances, and the personal risks and sacrifices of those on the ground. His insights highlight the high stakes of Middle Eastern diplomacy and the continued necessity of American leadership in a turbulent region.Both memoir and analysis, Middle East Crises is an essential read for anyone interested in the realities of diplomacy, war, and American power in one of the world's most complex regions.
Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940
This is a print on demand publication. Of all the British "amateur ambassadors" none was more distinguished than Philip Kerr, 11th Marquis of Lothian (1882-1940). His tenure of office was brief -- Aug. 1939 to Dec. 1940 -- but it coincided with a crucial period in British & U.S. history. Recently-opened archives enable one to fill in some important gaps in the history of his life & achievements & to set Lothian's work in the context of British & U.S. policy-making. This book will shows the strengths & weaknesses of a non-career diplomat. In the end, the successes outweighed the failures, as is shown by examining Lothian's role as intermediary between Churchill & Roosevelt in the two episodes in Anglo-Amer. diplomacy during 1940, the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal & the origins of Lend-Lease.
Punctuated Equilibria and Sino-American Relations
In many areas of the natural and physical world, long periods of seeming stasis or small incremental changes are interrupted by large, sudden leaps. This book illustrates how similar processes characterize international relations. This book points to such occurrences, for example the collapse of the USSR, the unravelling of Napoleon's wartime alliance, and the possible future status of the US dollar; and it illustrates in greater detail the admission of China to the United Nations, the history of economic development of various countries, and the possible formation of a countervailing coalition against US primacy. Steve Chan investigates these instances and explains the dynamics governing these processes of lulls and lurches and illuminates how qualitative research can apply the Boolean logic to study systematically the danger of a possible future Sino-American conflict based on past episodes.
Great Power, Great Responsibility
In the wake of World War II, the United States leveraged its hegemonic position in the international political system to gradually build a new global order centered around democracy, the expansion of free market capitalism, and the containment of communism. Named in retrospect the "liberal international order" (LIO), the system took decades to build and is still largely with us today even as the US's relative power within it has diminished. In Great Power, Great Responsibility, Michael Poznansky explores how the LIO has influenced US foreign policy from its founding to the present. Proponents argue that its impact has been profound, producing a system that has been more rule-bound and beneficial than any previous order. Critics charge that it has failed to prevent the US itself from consistently violating rules and norms. Poznansky contends that the answer lies in-between. While rule-breaking has been a constant feature of the postwar order, the nature of violations varies in surprising and poorly understood ways. America's approach to compliance with the LIO, including whether leaders feel the need to conceal rule violations at all, is a function of two primary factors: the intensity of competition over international order; and the burden of complying with the liberal order's core tenets in a given case. Drawing on nine case studies, including the Korean War and Iraq War, Great Power, Great Responsibility sheds important light on the future of US foreign policy in an era where American unipolarity has ended and great power rivalry has returned.
Overseen or Overlooked?
"War is too important to be left to the generals," declared French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau over a century ago. But which civilians, exactly, play the most important roles in controlling the armed forces? When civilian control is studied, the focus is typically on those in the upper echelons of the executive branch: presidents, prime ministers, or defense secretaries. Yet, because civilians in the executive may be tempted to hide problems or use the military in controversial ways, researchers must extend Clemenceau's dictum: if war is too important to be left to the generals, civilian control is too important to leave with the executive. This book aims to understand the similarities and differences among the world's democracies regarding the role of legislatures in democratic civil-military relations. Drawing on over a dozen cases from across the globe, the authors examine how most legislatures face capability and motivational impediments to conducting truly robust oversight and propose realistic reforms to strengthen military accountability to elected officials and the public-the heart of the civil-military relationship.
Punctuated Equilibria and Sino-American Relations
In many areas of the natural and physical world, long periods of seeming stasis or small incremental changes are interrupted by large, sudden leaps. This book illustrates how similar processes characterize international relations. This book points to such occurrences, for example the collapse of the USSR, the unravelling of Napoleon's wartime alliance, and the possible future status of the US dollar; and it illustrates in greater detail the admission of China to the United Nations, the history of economic development of various countries, and the possible formation of a countervailing coalition against US primacy. Steve Chan investigates these instances and explains the dynamics governing these processes of lulls and lurches and illuminates how qualitative research can apply the Boolean logic to study systematically the danger of a possible future Sino-American conflict based on past episodes.
Understanding China's Digital Politics
This book examines the impact in China of the move to the digital sphere of public deliberation and discourse.
Britain, D矇tente, and the Helsinki CSCE
This book offers the first in-depth account of the UK's contribution to the rapprochement between East and West that culminated in the successful negotiation of the Helsinki Final Act of 1975.
Understanding Threats to Space Systems and Space Assets
This book explores the current space threat profile in an increasingly contested, congested, and competitive space environment.
Britain Into Europe
Britain into Europe (1976) examines how the debate in Britain about EEC membership was conducted between 1961 and 1975. Using survey research data from Social and Community Planning Research it shows how public opinion on this critical issue developed over fifteen years. Roger Jowell and Gerald Hoinville describe the background to the decision to apply; James Spence traces the movements in public mood; Barry Hedges looks at the final four years; Dipak Nandy analyses the role of the media; Martin Collins examines the vote itself; Andrew Duff considers the constitutional implications of the referendum.
Radicalising the Mainstream in Western Europe
This Open Access book offers a mixed-method approach to analysing anti-Muslim narratives in interactions between the far right and the Western European mainstream. By exploring narratives that portray Islam as inherently other, the essays in this collection interrogate the effects of such narratives on the targeted group and mainstream society. Authors explore mechanisms, such as historical othering, media agenda building, and online mobilization of the far right, and harness historical analysis, media content, social media network analyses and qualitative surveys, to propose that the effects of such media narratives are far from purely symbolic.
The English Constitution
What is England? What is England's place in the United Kingdom - or indeed outside it? How should England be governed? What constitutional foundations are needed to secure English democracy? In this ground-breaking book, Dr W. Elliot Bulmer makes the case for a written constitution for England. Informed by comparative constitutional scholarship and by practical experience of constitution-making around the world, the book ties together debates on English national identity with discussion on the constitutional future of England. It offers an English solution to the problem of the United Kingdom's constitutional disrepair and a constitutional solution to the problem of England's identity crisis. Demonstrating that a written constitution both practical in the English context and compatible with the English constitutional tradition, the book includes an example draft constitution inspired by Westminster Model democracies in the Commonwealth.
Political Fragmentation of the Slovak Republic in Light of Regional Elections
The book examines the electoral processes that took place at the regional level in the Slovak Republic between 2001 and 2022. It focuses on the elections to the Regional Assemblies and elections of Zupans, which reflect the legislative conditions for holding elections in the regions, the structure of regional self-government, and the course of regional elections. The book highlights the main electoral cleavages that emerged from the results of the most recent regional elections in 2022. These are 1. Slovak politics vs. Hungarian minority, 2. Party vs. independent deputies, and 3. Political and geographical fragmentation on the regional level.
Wheat at War
The battlefields were not the only places that threatened death during World War I. As conflict raged on and supply lines tightened, the allied powers of France, Britain, and Italy faced a fundamental problem: keeping their soldier and civilian populations safe from starvation. Wheat at War describes how, faced with this immense challenge, the Allies devised a multilateral institution--the Wheat Executive--to do what no state could do alone. Rosella Cappella Zielinski and Paul Poast examine the difficult considerations made by the allied powers when ceding authority to an international body that would make decisions for them. Beyond successfully managing wheat shipping and distribution, they argue, the Wheat Executive proved to have significant influence in the evolving landscape of interstate cooperation. As a case study, the Wheat Executive improves our understanding of international institutional design, the importance of commodities during wartime, economic coordination amongst wartime coalition members, and the legacies of international cooperation during the First World War. As one of the first great experiments in supranationalism, the Allies' management of wheat while at war provides lessons about the emergence of international organizations and their contours.
Competing for Foreign Aid
Every year, the United States authorizes dozens of bureaucracies to craft and implement foreign policy. This fragmentation of authority can result in chaos and infighting when agencies fail to communicate or outright undermine each other. Conventional wisdom considers the president to be the primary actor in US foreign policy, overlooking the extent of this bureaucratic turmoil. Why does the US government create a foreign policy apparatus that is so fragmented as to undermine its own leadership? In Competing for Foreign Aid, Shannon P. Carcelli argues that bureaucratic fragmentation is an unintended byproduct of the foreign policy-making process. To unpack the black box of foreign policy, Carcelli traces Congress's role in policy incoherence, infighting, and fragmentation in the realm of foreign aid policy. Rather than a centrally driven plan, she explains that foreign policy is better understood as an uneasy compromise between domestic interests that do not always align with ideological or economic preferences. Her theory proposes two factors that lead to fragmentation: congressional interest and disunity. Interestingly, as Carcelli shows, Congress is often the least capable of legislating effectively in the areas where its members care most about policy effectiveness. This is because congressional interest in foreign policy incentivizes micromanagement, territorial disputes, and favoritism. Combining qualitative process-tracing with a quantitative analysis of legislative voting, Competing for Foreign Aid provides a deep dive into Congress's role in shaping--and often misshaping--the foreign aid bureaucracy.
The English Constitution
What is England? What is England's place in the United Kingdom - or indeed outside it? How should England be governed? What constitutional foundations are needed to secure English democracy? In this ground-breaking book, Dr W. Elliot Bulmer makes the case for a written constitution for England. Informed by comparative constitutional scholarship and by practical experience of constitution-making around the world, the book ties together debates on English national identity with discussion on the constitutional future of England. It offers an English solution to the problem of the United Kingdom's constitutional disrepair and a constitutional solution to the problem of England's identity crisis. Demonstrating that a written constitution both practical in the English context and compatible with the English constitutional tradition, the book includes an example draft constitution inspired by Westminster Model democracies in the Commonwealth.
Information Sharing Among Intelligence, Law Enforcement, and Other Federal, State, and Local Agencies
Without a doubt, the terrorist events of 9/11 have forever changed the security posture of the United States of America. In today's society, the need for improved information sharing of terrorist-related information across all levels of Federal, State, and local government is a critical challenge. Though the United States (U.S.) has made much progress in this area, there still remains a great deal of work to be performed in order to ensure the wide-spread and timely coordination and dissemination of terrorist-related information. On October 2007, the U.S. published the National Strategy for Information Sharing that emphasized the challenges in improving terrorist-related information sharing. As America grapples with the transformation and reshaping of its local law enforcement and military services to better deal with terrorist operations and threats being imposed on American civil liberties, so to most Americans adapt their way of thinking with regard to performing intelligence information sharing to avert terrorist-related threats directed at the U.S. homeland.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Geostrategic Situation of Chile in Continental Defense
Analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Chile, based on geographical location and available resources.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
