Public Diplomacy on the Front Line
The Exhibition of Modern Brazilian Paintings, held at the Royal Academy of Arts of London and seven other major venues, had never been academically investigated. The research unearthed abundant firsthand documents to reconstruct the episode and claims that the initiative was intended and managed to achieve a substantial impact on views about Brazil, by means of conveying a well-planned message.
Advantage China
The influence of the People's Republic of China on world affairs is increasingly keenly felt: in Asia, in Africa, in Latin America and in Europe and North America too. But what are the reasons for China's rise and how can the West adapt? Advantage China explores these essential questions and the political, economic and cultural factors behind the answers. From the economic and demographic pressures of China's domestic economy to the expanding economic influence of the Belt and Road Initiative, Jeremy Garlick looks beyond Western misperceptions of China's rise to argue for new approaches to the international political order, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Between Voters and Eurocrats
How do governments in Europe justify their budgets towards the national parliament? Are their socioeconomic policies shaped more by electoral pressures or by their commitments towards the European Union? In Between Voters and Eurocrats, Johannes Karremans presents a framework and methodology for studying these questions. Based on theories of democratic legitimacy, he argues that if governments temporarily pursue unpopular policies with the justification that they need to be fiscally responsible, in subsequent years they need to become more responsive again to domestic socioeconomic demands in order to maintain the trust of citizens. The recent crises faced by European countries have repeatedly evoked the impression that European economic governance constrains governments' ability to be responsive to domestic demands. Today, especially in the European Union, maintaining financial sustainability of the state has become tied to international obligations. Karremans raises the concern that financial considerations are more important than people's demands and investigates whether this proposition is true through comparative study focussing on five countries - Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain - and explores how governments maintain a balance between institutional responsibility and democratic responsiveness.
Death Dust
The postwar period saw increased interest in the idea of relatively easy-to-manufacture but devastatingly lethal radiological munitions whose use would not discriminate between civilian and military targets. Death Dust explores the largely unknown history of the development of radiological weapons (RW)-weapons designed to disperse radioactive material without a nuclear detonation-through a series of comparative case studies across the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Iraq, and Egypt. The authors illuminate the historical drivers of and impediments to radiological weapons innovation. They also examine how new, dire geopolitical events-such as the war in Ukraine-could encourage other states to pursue RW and analyze the impact of the spread of such weapons on nuclear deterrence and the nonproliferation regime. Death Dust presents practical, necessary steps to reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of interest in and pursuit of radiological weapons by state actors.
Elastic Empire
The United States integrated counterterrorism mandates into its aid flows in the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the early years of the global war on terror. Some two decades later, this securitized model of aid has become normalized across donor intervention in Palestine. Elastic Empire traces how foreign aid, on which much of the Palestinian population is dependent, has multiplied the sites and means through which Palestinian life is regulated, surveilled, and policed-this book tells the story of how aid has also become war. Drawing on extensive research conducted in Palestine, Elastic Empire offers a novel accounting of the US security state. The US war chronicled here is not one of tanks, grenades, and guns, but a quieter one waged through the interlacing of aid and law. It emerges in the infrastructures of daily life-in a greenhouse and library, in the collection of personal information and mapping of land plots, in the halls of municipal councils and in local elections-and indelibly transfigures lives. Situated in a landscape where the lines between humanitarianism and the global war on terror are increasingly blurred, Elastic Empire reveals the shape-shifting nature of contemporary imperial formations, their realignments and reformulations, their haunted sites, and their obscured but intimate forms.
Critical Perspectives on Cybersecurity
Traditional notions of national security have generally dominated cybersecurity debates, but the response to emerging cybersecurity issues should not merely focus on the militarization of cyberspace. Weaponizing a space heavily populated by civilians has enormous implications for human rights. Yet, cybersecurity studies in international relations have largely overlooked the impact of cybersecurity policies on individuals and communities--including the consequences of surveillance, data overcollection, cybercrime, and cyberbullying. Critical Perspectives on Cybersecurity offers a new approach to understanding cybersecurity in international relations. As a counterpoint to existing work, which focuses largely on the security of states, private actors, and infrastructure, chapter authors examine how women and communities across the Global South understand "cybersecurity," including what threats and forms of resistance are most important to them. They make the case that policies need to consider individual human rights by putting people's empowerment and wellbeing at their center. Drawing on feminist and postcolonial theory, the chapters also cover issues that challenge conventional notions of cybersecurity, including disinformation, gender-based violence online, and technology as a neocolonial force. Bringing together contributions from a globally diverse range of authors, Anwar Mhajne and Alexis Henshaw provide a human security perspective on cybersecurity that pays attention to the interplay of race, ethnicity, gender, class, and other social hierarchies, especially regarding cybersecurity in the Global South.
Grand Strategies of the Left
Why are progressives often critical of US foreign policy and the national security state? What would a statecraft that pulls ideas from the American left look like? Grand Strategies of the Left brings the progressive worldview into conversation with security studies and foreign policy practice. It argues that American progressives think durable security will only come by prioritizing the interconnected conditions of peace, democracy, and equality. By conceiving of grand strategy as worldmaking, progressives see multiple ways of using foreign policy to make a more just and stable world. US statecraft - including defense policy - should be retooled not for primacy, endless power accumulation, or a political status quo that privileges elites, but rather to shape the context that gives rise to perpetual insecurity. Progressive worldmaking has its own risks and dilemmas but expands how we imagine what the world is and could be.
Elastic Empire
The United States integrated counterterrorism mandates into its aid flows in the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the early years of the global war on terror. Some two decades later, this securitized model of aid has become normalized across donor intervention in Palestine. Elastic Empire traces how foreign aid, on which much of the Palestinian population is dependent, has multiplied the sites and means through which Palestinian life is regulated, surveilled, and policed-this book tells the story of how aid has also become war. Drawing on extensive research conducted in Palestine, Elastic Empire offers a novel accounting of the US security state. The US war chronicled here is not one of tanks, grenades, and guns, but a quieter one waged through the interlacing of aid and law. It emerges in the infrastructures of daily life-in a greenhouse and library, in the collection of personal information and mapping of land plots, in the halls of municipal councils and in local elections-and indelibly transfigures lives. Situated in a landscape where the lines between humanitarianism and the global war on terror are increasingly blurred, Elastic Empire reveals the shape-shifting nature of contemporary imperial formations, their realignments and reformulations, their haunted sites, and their obscured but intimate forms.
Funding and the Quest for Sovereignty in Palestine
This book explores the political economy of governance in Palestine. It makes a unique contribution to studies of governance and political economy using the Palestinian Authority (PA) as a case study, introducing and developing the concept of 'dual rentierism'. The author uses primary research to chart the evolution of the fiscal sociology of the PA and explore how it has shaped the PA's economic policies and the state-society relationship in the Palestinian Territories. The book adopts a critical political economy approach, making the case that external sources of PA income represent political rents that need to be disaggregated and studied concurrently. It further focuses on the drivers and constraints that have shaped the PA's policy development and state-building associated with its dependence on external revenues. Ultimately, the book elaborates on how the need for fiscal survivability has thwarted the Palestinian quest for statehood.
The Political Economy of Education in Central Asia
This open access book is intended as an original contribution to the conversation on the role and challenges of education in Central Asia to promote social cohesion by looking at Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Examining education challenges within the countries' wider historical, social, political, and cultural context, the contributions explore existing discourses concerning national identity, religion, language, gender, inclusion, internationalisation of education, and non-state actors through a Political Economy Analysis (PEA) lens. With the understanding that education is both a powerful mechanism of social reproduction in societies and a driver of social change, the book attempts to promote political economy analysis of education as a helpful analytical tool for educational debates and reform agendas in the region and thus will be a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars in this region and beyond.
Chinese Politics
Written by a team of leading China specialists, this updated 2nd edition of Chinese Politics explores the dynamics of state power and politics in contemporary China, focusing on the Xi Jinping era.
Party Switching in Israel
This is the first book about the politics of party switching, or floor crossing, better known as "kalanterism" in Israeli politics. The Israeli parliament adopted legislation in 1991 that imposed penalties on parliamentary defectors. However, as the book documents, the effect of this legislation was extremely puzzling: the frequency of party switches has increased over time, and most switches have taken the form of party splits making Israeli legislative parties increasingly less cohesive and united. Building on evidence from parliamentary debates, committee records and contemporary journalistic accounts, author Csaba Nikolenyi shows that notwithstanding these unexpected consequences, the Israeli anti-defection legislation proved to be an important tool that governments could use to divide their opposition and shore up their often fragile parliamentary base of support.
The North Korean Regime Under Kim Jong-Un
This edited book is one of the most updated and comprehensive accounts of the North Korean regime under Kim Jong-un's era. It covers not only nuclear policies but also the political regime, the economy, society, and religion. It sets out to uncover multi-dimensional aspects of North Korea, explains how they have evolved, and predicts how they will proceed. It further investigates the extent to which his policies are different from his father's and whether and why they have changed during the course. This book will be an invaluable reference for scholars, journalists and NGOs trying to make sense of the present and future of the Korean peninsula.
The Political Economy of Education in Central Asia
This open access book is intended as an original contribution to the conversation on the role and challenges of education in Central Asia to promote social cohesion by looking at Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Examining education challenges within the countries' wider historical, social, political, and cultural context, the contributions explore existing discourses concerning national identity, religion, language, gender, inclusion, internationalisation of education, and non-state actors through a Political Economy Analysis (PEA) lens. With the understanding that education is both a powerful mechanism of social reproduction in societies and a driver of social change, the book attempts to promote political economy analysis of education as a helpful analytical tool for educational debates and reform agendas in the region and thus will be a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars in this region and beyond.
Media Capture and Corrupt Journalists
This book explores the form, dynamics, and main reasons for media capture and conspiracy between editors and executive politicians in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since 2000. Situated in the literatures on Europeanization, democratization, party studies, and media studies, the book aims to connect these fields by showing that internal party dynamics play an important role in motivating executive politicians to hijack or collaborate with media. Against this backdrop, the book tells the story of Croatian journalism in the context of media-mafia conglomerates, political corruption, and media hijacking, and examines how "traditional" democratic drivers that the literature frequently cites, such as Europeanization and party competition, failed to prevent systematic transgressions by politicians. Methodologically, the book takes a two-pronged approach. First, nearly 50 interviews were conducted with Croatian investigative journalists, from which the narratives about the relationshipsbetween government politicians and editors over 15 years were reconstructed. In a second step, a sample of 40,000 media articles was subjected to a computational sentiment analysis, covering the same 15-year period and showing high levels of cooperation between corrupt politicians and corrupt media outlets.
Debunking Myths About Terrorism
Think you know what's really going on in the world of terrorism? So, think again! Perceptions and feelings prevalent in the public arena do not necessarily align with the scientific findings and data, such that baseless "facts" about terrorism are sometimes presented. The reader will be exposed to myths related to the causes of terrorism - globalization, poverty, religion, suicide terrorism and the ability to defeat terrorist organizations - and learn about the extent of their truth. The reader will benefit from in-depth and well-founded information presented in a simple and accessible manner, referring to data and research. This book is unique among terrorism books, international security books and domestic terrorism books, as it seeks to bridge the knowledge gap through a succinct and lighter presentation of the weighty academic knowledge on topics such as homeland security and international terrorism.
Death Dust
The postwar period saw increased interest in the idea of relatively easy-to-manufacture but devastatingly lethal radiological munitions whose use would not discriminate between civilian and military targets. Death Dust explores the largely unknown history of the development of radiological weapons (RW)-weapons designed to disperse radioactive material without a nuclear detonation-through a series of comparative case studies across the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Iraq, and Egypt. The authors illuminate the historical drivers of and impediments to radiological weapons innovation. They also examine how new, dire geopolitical events-such as the war in Ukraine-could encourage other states to pursue RW and analyze the impact of the spread of such weapons on nuclear deterrence and the nonproliferation regime. Death Dust presents practical, necessary steps to reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of interest in and pursuit of radiological weapons by state actors.
Contemporary Islamic Political Thought in Egypt
This book takes a hermeneutic approach toward reading the writings of Jamal al-Banna and Tariq al-Bishri across several decades in order to explore contemporary Islamic political thought under authoritarianism. Ebtisam Aly Hussein uses the framework of 'meta-languages', in relation to the writings of these two particular Islamic intellectuals, to examine how authority over the public sphere is established, in both religious and political terms. Chapters outline the major themes of Islamic political thought in the writings of al-Banna and al-Bishri - mainly the state in Islam, Shari'a application, political violence as jihad, and identity politics - and how in their writings they have interacted with a variety of autocratic practices under Nasir, Sadat and Mubarak. The book puts forward a unique study of the role of politics and religion in establishing authority over the public sphere, and how this authority is manifested in the intellectual output of these two Islamic intellectuals.
Dehumanization in the Global Migration Crisis
What does it mean to fail to recognise people's humanity? This book analyses dehumanization in the global migration crisis to answer this complex question. Drawing from interviews with refugees and asylum seekers, Dehumanization in the Global Migration Crisis presents a philosophical, yet empirically grounded account of what dehumanization entails. While dehumanization is commonly used as a key concept in scholarship, popular media, and public debate to call attention to remediable harms faced by the forcibly displaced, its precise meaning is far from clear. A wide variety of practices is called dehumanizing, ranging from international policies that confine people under undignified circumstances within refugee camps to using (forced) migrants as bargaining chips in political negotiations. Yet, (how) do these practices exactly deny the humanity of the persons involved? What sense of humanity is at stake in the adversities that refugees, asylum seekers, and unwanted migrants face? Through a detailed examination of victims' descriptions of their lived experiences with dehumanization, animalization, objectification, and brutalization, De Ruiter finds that dehumanisation is best understood as a distinct form of moral exclusion that is characterised by blindness to the significance of their human subjectivity. The book provides a critical discourse analysis of the usage of the term dehumanization in reporting on the global migration crisis, and sets out what should be done to counteract the dehumanization of refugees, asylum seekers, and unwanted migrants.
Geopolitics in Central Europe
The geopolitical landscape of Central Europe has undergone considerable transformation in the last two decades. While the pre-Global Financial Crisis period saw a focus on strengthening ties with Western Europe and the USA, the post-crisis period has seen reorientation towards Asia, in particular China. This book charts these changes in geopolitical dominance in the region, covering the economic influence of China, the increasingly assertive diplomatic involvement of Russia and increased US interest in the region under the Biden administration. The book also seeks to explain why the countries of Central Europe are realigning their geopolitical alliances towards the great powers as confidence in the European project and its economic benefits has waned, and what opportunities this realignment could hold.
Beyond Collective Action Problems
Human history is full of examples of continuously maintained shared infrastructure. Our ability to survive and prosper depends on cooperation at some level, from the irrigation systems that enabled ancient humans to abandon their nomadic lifestyle to the free and open-source software that undergirds the internet. Thus, understanding the conditions under which community governance can be both equitable and sustainable is of critical importance to scholars and policymakers alike. In Beyond Collective Action Problems, Atul Pokharel argues that sustained cooperation depends on user perceptions that the cooperative arrangement is fair. Pokharel elaborates a different way to think about sustained cooperation over decades, based on a follow-up of 233 long-running community managed irrigation systems in Nepal--the same cases that were used to understand how groups can overcome collective action problems. Covering nearly forty years of history through these cases, Pokharel introduces the idea of fairness problems to capture the many forms in which the perceived fairness of a form of governance comes to matter to continued cooperation. As he shows, the longer individuals cooperate, the more they become aware of how far their cooperative arrangement has diverged from the initial promise of fairness. This perception of fairness affects their commitment to maintaining the shared resource and participating in the institutions for governing it. Highlighting why eventually perceived fairness matters to sustained cooperation, this book illustrates how the fairness problem underlies successful cooperation over time, making it necessary to look beyond collective action problems.
Whispers of War
Are you ready to journey into the shadows of power, where decisions of peace and war hang in the balance?In "Whispers of War," delve into the riveting, untold stories that have shaped the world's nuclear politics. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a strategist dissecting global affairs, or a curious mind seeking the hidden narratives, this book is your portal to unlocking the secrets of the art of war and diplomacy.Have you ever wondered about the enigmatic forces driving nuclear politics? This book unveils the cloak of secrecy, shedding light on the pivotal moments that defined our world's destiny.Immerse yourself in the clandestine world of decision-makers, where whispers of war echo through the corridors of power. With meticulous research and firsthand accounts, you'll discover the intricate dance between the art of war and the art of diplomacy.Picture a world where you can decipher the motives behind nations' actions, and anticipate their next moves. With the insights gained from this book, you'll not only comprehend the past but also glimpse into the future of international relations.Don't miss your chance to gain unparalleled insight into the forces that have shaped our world. Dive into the hidden stories behind nuclear politics and embark on a journey through the corridors of power. "Whispers of War" is your indispensable guide on this illuminating path.Inside this book, you'll uncover: The Cold War Chessboard: Explore the intense rivalry between superpowers, the brinkmanship that defined an era, and the covert operations that blurred the lines between war and diplomacy.Nuclear Pioneers: Meet the visionaries and scientists who unlocked the destructive potential of atomic energy, forever changing the course of history.Diplomacy vs. Conflict: Examine critical moments when diplomacy averted catastrophe and when conflict seemed inevitable. Gain insight into the delicate balance of power on the world stage.The Human Cost: Witness the untold stories of those directly affected by nuclear politics, from survivors of bombings to those who tirelessly worked for disarmament.The Modern Landscape: Navigate the complexities of today's nuclear politics, from rogue states to the emergence of cyber warfare, and the ongoing quest for global stability.The Future of Diplomacy: Gain a glimpse into the evolving dynamics of international relations and the pivotal role of diplomacy in an interconnected world.This book is your passport to a world of intrigue, power, and the delicate dance between war and diplomacy. Whether you're seeking to understand the forces shaping our world, or you simply crave an engaging narrative of history's most defining moments, "Whispers of War" is your definitive guide.Join the ranks of those who have uncovered the untold stories behind nuclear politics and gained a deeper understanding of our world's most critical issues. Your journey into the world of international relations and the art of war and diplomacy starts here. The wisdom of history awaits your discovery. Secure your copy now and embark on the path to unraveling the whispers of war!
Routes to Reform
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The key to sustained and equitable development in Latin America is high quality education for all. However, coalitions favoring quality reforms in education are usually weak because parents are dispersed, business is not interested, and much of the middle class has exited public education. In Routes to Reform, Ben Ross Schneider examines education policy throughout Latin America to show that reforms to improve learning--especially making teacher careers more meritocratic and less political--are possible. Several Andean countries and state governments in Brazil achieved notable reform since 2000, though on markedly different trajectories. Although rare, the first bottom-up route to reform was electoral. The second route was more top-down and technocratic, with little support from voters or civil society. Ultimately, by framing education policy in a much broader comparative perspective, Schneider demonstrates that contrary to much established theory, reform outcomes in Latin America depended less on institutions and broad coalitions, but rather--due to the emptiness of the education policy space--on more micro factors like civil society organizations, teacher unions, policy networks, and technocrats.
Tacit Alliance
In February 1938, Senator William Borah, an inveterate isolationist, accused the Roosevelt Administration of forming a 'tacit alliance' with Britain. Taking Borah's remark as its starting point, Tony McCulloch analyses Anglo-American relations from the start of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term in January 1937 through to the outbreak of war in Europe and the revision of the US Neutrality Act in November 1939. Despite the mutual doubts afflicting the governments - and public opinion - on both sides of the Atlantic during these years, McCulloch argues that thanks largely to Franklin Roosevelt there was considerable progress in establishing an ideological and strategic understanding between the two democracies. This laid the foundation for the 'special relationship' so desired by Winston Churchill during and after the Second World War.
Psychoanalytic Reflections on Vladimir Putin
Psychoanalytic Reflections on Vladimir Putin: The Cost of Malignant Leadership attempts to explore the core psychodynamics that appear to characterize Vladimir Putin's presidency.Its contributors examine the nature of the leader-follower relationship, the costs of malignant leadership, and the larger historical context in which Putin's presidency is unfolding. The sobering threat of nuclear war is considered. Finally, the viability and ethics of distance assessment are discussed.This book will be of great interest to psychoanalysts and to readers seeking to understand the complex dynamics of populist leadership.
Politics of Impunity
Politics of Impunity investigates the failure of the anti-impunity agenda in Brazil, from the release of the truth commission report denouncing the crimes of the military regime (1964-1985) in 2014, to the election of the former-paratrooper and far-Right leader Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. Connecting debates on critical military studies, transitional justice and memory studies, the book moves beyond the conditions of implementation of accountability measures. It examines the conditions of possibility of the global anti-impunity agenda: when, how and why the question of impunity came to dominate debates on large-scale political violence. Drawing lessons from the Brazilian case, the book provides a new reading of transitional justice, investigating alternative ways of understanding militarism in the absence of warfare. It reveals the ways in which narratives of accountability and the memory of militarism work to demarcate and restrict what counts as unacceptable violence, who counts as victims/perpetrators and what counts as reasonable forms of justice and resistance.
Grand Strategies of the Left
Why are progressives often critical of US foreign policy and the national security state? What would a statecraft that pulls ideas from the American left look like? Grand Strategies of the Left brings the progressive worldview into conversation with security studies and foreign policy practice. It argues that American progressives think durable security will only come by prioritizing the interconnected conditions of peace, democracy, and equality. By conceiving of grand strategy as worldmaking, progressives see multiple ways of using foreign policy to make a more just and stable world. US statecraft - including defense policy - should be retooled not for primacy, endless power accumulation, or a political status quo that privileges elites, but rather to shape the context that gives rise to perpetual insecurity. Progressive worldmaking has its own risks and dilemmas but expands how we imagine what the world is and could be.
The Prince
Niccol簷 Machiavelli's The Prince is a 16th-century political treatise that has been controversial and influential for centuries. Written as a guide for new princes and royals, Machiavelli offers a candid and unflinching assessment of the realities of power and politics.Machiavelli rejects the traditional view that rulers should be guided by morality and ethics. Instead, he argues that princes must be willing to use any means necessary to achieve their goals, including deception, violence, and ruthlessness. He also emphasizes the importance of maintaining a strong military and of being feared by the people.The Prince is a brutally realistic and often cynical book, but it is also a brilliant and insightful analysis of power and politics. It has been read and studied by leaders and scholars alike, and it continues to be relevant today.Here are some of the key themes of The Prince: The ends justify the means: Machiavelli argues that princes should be willing to use any means necessary to achieve their goals, even if those means are immoral.The importance of maintaining a strong military: Machiavelli emphasizes the importance of having a strong military to deter enemies and maintain control over the people.The need to be feared: Machiavelli argues that princes should be feared by the people in order to maintain their power.The importance of deception and manipulation: Machiavelli advises princes to use deception and manipulation to achieve their goals.The Prince is a controversial book, but it is also a seminal work of political philosophy. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the nature of power and politics.
Spatial Politics in Istanbul
Over the past decade, the AKP, under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has decisively turned Turkish politics in the direction of conservative Islamic national identity. A specific ideological framework undergirded the AKP's conception of the built environment, the plans it implemented to transform it and the forms of resistance that these plans generated. This framework is termed Erdoğanian Neo-Ottomanism and describes AKP's use of the power of the state to shape public surroundings in their social and ideological image. By utilising an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates religion, politics and space, Courtenay Dorroll and Philip Dorroll focus on the role of the Turkish state under the AKP in the restoration of traditional Islamic and Neo-Ottoman imagery and iconography. This book explores the momentous shifts in power during this crucial decade in Turkish history through an analysis of four case studies. The 2010 designation of Istanbul as the European Capital of Culture, the 2013 Gezi Park protests, the Monument to the Martyrs of July 15 and associated memorial practices related to the 2016 coup attempt and the transition of Hagia Sophia from museum to mosque in 2020 - these are identified as the most prominent ways in which the AKP has restructured public spaces in Istanbul to reflect its values. The authors scrutinise this phenomenon and intentional transformation of the physical landscape through an accessible but interpretive method that uncovers issues crucial to understanding Turkey's most recent history.
Transferring Asylum Norms to Eu Neighbours
This book analyses why the Ukrainian state established asylum laws and policies in the thirty years since 1991, even though the number of asylum seekers was very low. International and non-governmental organisations transferred international asylum norms to Ukraine. Various state and non-state actors participated in this process, translating, spreading, and resisting those norms. In many cases, legislative adoption was driven by domestic politicians' pursuit of recognition by international organisations, such as the European Union and the Council of Europe, and by their desire to meet conditionality requirements. NGOs sought to influence administrative practices, alternating between confrontational and conciliatory, formal and informal approaches, and often relying on personal contacts. Actors used and shifted between scales in order to transfer norms or resist transfer. In the process, they produced, renegotiated, and confirmed those scales. For instance, NGOs resorting to the European Court of Human Rights to prevent refoulement placed the European scale above the national scale. This book offers a new multi-actor and multi-scalar analysis of policy transfer.
Neo-Ottomanism and the Politics of Emotions in Turkey
This open access book explores the politics of emotions under the ruling Justice and Development Party in Turkey and the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. It examines how emotional politics and, particularly, the use of a Neo-Ottomanist narrative created a new national mood and contributed to the durability of Erdoğan's rule. The author analyses the interactions between national narratives, symbolic politics and emotions. She argues that these interactions have formed the basis of Erdoğan's popular support for more than 20 years. The book is a valuable resource for scholars of political science and sociology, as well as policymakers interested in the rise of authoritarianism in Turkey.
Welfare Goes Global
This innovative book shows that the health, education, and employment of billions of people have been improving on every continent in the past three decades. The globalization of welfare has had the biggest impact in developing countries, where more than five-sixths of the world's population lives. In Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East there has been great progress in eradicating infant mortality and illiteracy, people are living longer, and more young people are able to obtain a secondary education. These achievements are the product of a welfare mix combining resources of the household, the market, and the state. Given low starting points, only a minority of developing countries have already caught up with the high standards of welfare in Europe, the United States and Canada, and the Asia Pacific region. Slow but steady rates of progress show that people in a majority of developing countries can expect to catch up with the high, fixed standards of welfare in the next three decades. This will happen sooner in China and later in India, because China has been unusually successful in using its resources to promote welfare while India has been below the global average. These conclusions are based on Richard Rose's systematic analysis of the Global Welfare Database, which combines official and unofficial data covering 95 per cent of the world's population. The success of highly developed countries raises questions about how much is enough welfare. At what age will young people learn more by leaving classrooms and becoming employees? Is length of life or quality of life more important for older people? Should unpaid work caring for children and older family members have the same value as working and paying taxes in the official economy?
Post-Colonial Approaches in Kazakhstan and Beyond
This book explores the postcolonial discourse and decolonization processes in modern Kazakhstan and beyond. It pays particular attention to such areas as national and religious identity, language, literature, and historical narratives. Despite the fact that the post-colonial theory initially emerged in other regions of the world, it has increasingly been applied in the scholarship on Central Asia. Exploring recent debates on post-coloniality in Kazakhstan, this book is an attempt to bring together two bodies of scholarly literature: scholarship on culture and society in post-Soviet Central Asia and research on post-colonial theory. This volume will be of interest to scholars of Eurasian studies as well as researchers and students of post-colonialism in various contexts beyond Eurasia.
Democracy in Latin America
Between 1978 and 2006, most Latin American countries joined the "third wave of democracy". However, as elected governments were set in place all over the region, authoritarian actors often managed to overshadow democratic procedures and preserve their authoritarian enclaves, hindering the transformation of the state and the advancement of citizens' fundamental rights. This book analyzes the extent to which democratic and authoritarian forces are intertwined in political processes and institutional design and how they affect the inclusion of the citizenry in political decisions. This enables readers to understand how autocratization influences the different dimensions of representative democracy.
Dynamics of the Changing Global Security Order
Dynamics of the Changing Global Security Order: Emerging Trends and Key Issues in Asia presents knowledge, insights and understanding of why and how the US-led unipolar world order is shifting more in a multipolar direction. It demonstrates the influence of power contests involving economic and military weaponry on this new development. It reveals the impact this transformation will have on international security (and the challenges, crises and risks that humanity faces).This volume systematically explores its hypothesis through newly evolving theoretical positions - such as geoeconomics; socio-economic-political and cultural implications; tensions at the national, regional, and global levels; as well as debates, trends, policies, practices, and examples concerning power and international relations praxis.
Op矇ration Crevette
Op矇ration Crevette is a meticulously researched account of the political instability leading to private mercenary action in Benin during the mid-twentieth century. This book brings together the voices of the involved mercenaries, political rulers, and local witnesses to reveal a struggle for power in the former French colony.
The United States-South Korea Alliance
The alliance between the United States and South Korea has endured through seven decades of shifting regional and geopolitical security contexts. Yet it now faces challenges from within. Domestic political turmoil, including deepening political polarization and rising nationalism in both countries, has cast doubt on the alliance's viability--with critical implications for the balance of power in East Asia. Scott A. Snyder provides an authoritative overview of the internal and external pressures on the U.S.-South Korea alliance and explores its future prospects. He argues that nationalist leaders' accession to power could put past successes at risk and endanger the national security objectives of both countries. In the United States, "America first" nationalism favors self-interest over cooperation and portrays allies as burdens or even free riders. "Korea first" sentiments, in both progressive and conservative forms, present the U.S. military presence in South Korea as an obstacle to Korean reconciliation or a shackle on South Korea's freedom of action. Snyder also examines North Korea's attempts to influence South Korean domestic politics and how China's growing strength has affected the dynamics of the alliance. He considers scenarios in which the U.S.-South Korea relationship weakens or crumbles, emphasizing the consequences for the region and the world. Drawing on this analysis, Snyder offers timely recommendations for stakeholders in both countries on how to preserve and strengthen the alliance.
China and Iran Readjust Relations
The conclusion of the multilateral agreement about the Iranian nuclear issue in June 2015 was widely predicted to accelerate both the scope and size of commercial interactions between China and Iran. As a result, the two countries talked about the prospect of increasing their bilateral commerce from less than $50 billion to $600 billion within a short period of time. Later, Beijing and Tehran moved to sign a 25-year strategic agreement partly to achieve that critical objective. The American withdrawal from the nuclear deal under the Trump administration in May 2018, however, put a halt to the rosy trade prospect of $600 billion between China and Iran. The contentious 25-year pact laid in the limbo in the wake of the crippling regime of international sanctions in which Washington spearheaded against Iran upon quitting the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Shirzad Azad argues how China's overall commercial relationship with Iran has turned out to be unusually asymmetrical and lopsided over the past several years. In some areas, Sino-Iranian business partnership surprisingly dwindled to a trickle, while in several other fields the presence of Chinese brands and technological expertise in Iran unexpectedly reached an all-time high.
The United States-South Korea Alliance
The alliance between the United States and South Korea has endured through seven decades of shifting regional and geopolitical security contexts. Yet it now faces challenges from within. Domestic political turmoil, including deepening political polarization and rising nationalism in both countries, has cast doubt on the alliance's viability--with critical implications for the balance of power in East Asia. Scott A. Snyder provides an authoritative overview of the internal and external pressures on the U.S.-South Korea alliance and explores its future prospects. He argues that nationalist leaders' accession to power could put past successes at risk and endanger the national security objectives of both countries. In the United States, "America first" nationalism favors self-interest over cooperation and portrays allies as burdens or even free riders. "Korea first" sentiments, in both progressive and conservative forms, present the U.S. military presence in South Korea as an obstacle to Korean reconciliation or a shackle on South Korea's freedom of action. Snyder also examines North Korea's attempts to influence South Korean domestic politics and how China's growing strength has affected the dynamics of the alliance. He considers scenarios in which the U.S.-South Korea relationship weakens or crumbles, emphasizing the consequences for the region and the world. Drawing on this analysis, Snyder offers timely recommendations for stakeholders in both countries on how to preserve and strengthen the alliance.
Elections in Latin America
Even as several Latin American countries have regressed to authoritarian rule in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, elections remain permanent and vital features of the region's political life. Kevin Pallister provides an accessible overview of elections throughout Latin America, including formal electoral institutions, informal practices, and the behavior of voters and candidates. Through a wide-ranging synthesis of scholarly literature and sources, it offers a descriptive and analytical look at how elections in the region work, from the legal rules of the game to the final counting of the votes, and provides an even-handed discussion of its complexities such as electoral integrity, gender quotas, the role of social media, corruption in campaign finance, and how elections can be instruments of both democracy and autocracy. This comprehensive narrative, from Mexico to Argentina, is complemented with illustrative examples, case studies, and data. By understanding how elections in Latin America work as flawed but indispensable institutions of democracy, students and other readers will enhance their knowledge of contemporary Latin American politics and the important process of democratization in the region.
Radicalization and De-Radicalization Between National and Global Jihadism
At the turn of the Twenty-first century, a number of violent jihadi groups laid down their arms, as in the case of Egypt and Libya. Many of those former fighters ceased actual violence, and some of them took a step forward, initiating processes of ideological de-radicalization and doctrinal changes that deeply transformed their stance towards the State and active confrontation. How was it possible for those groups to disengage and de-radicalize? Why doesn't this happen again, among other contemporary jihadists? Sara Brzuszkiewicz argues that the answer is simple, yet quite pessimistic: those who de-radicalized were national jihadists. Once jihad goes global it is no longer possible for an organic process of collective and political de-radicalization to happen. Radicalization and de-radicalization between national and global jihadism. From the first Egyptian national jihadists to Al Qaeda retraces the trajectory of the jihadists who de-radicalized and of those who went global, and measures the role of national jihadism and its characteristics in making de-radicalization a viable option.
Elections in Latin America
Even as several Latin American countries have regressed to authoritarian rule in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, elections remain permanent and vital features of the region's political life. Kevin Pallister provides an accessible overview of elections throughout Latin America, including formal electoral institutions, informal practices, and the behavior of voters and candidates. Through a wide-ranging synthesis of scholarly literature and sources, it offers a descriptive and analytical look at how elections in the region work, from the legal rules of the game to the final counting of the votes, and provides an even-handed discussion of its complexities such as electoral integrity, gender quotas, the role of social media, corruption in campaign finance, and how elections can be instruments of both democracy and autocracy. This comprehensive narrative, from Mexico to Argentina, is complemented with illustrative examples, case studies, and data. By understanding how elections in Latin America work as flawed but indispensable institutions of democracy, students and other readers will enhance their knowledge of contemporary Latin American politics and the important process of democratization in the region.
Geopolitics of Globalization
The book shows that from the last two decades of the twentieth century and the end of the Cold War in 1991, a shift occurred in inter-American geopolitics as the United States emerged as the dominant global structural power. The post-Cold War international relations and new geopolitics are predominantly driven by geoeconomic rationales and outclass the old Cold War geopolitics overwhelmingly dominated by state politics and security strategies. The post-Cold War geopolitics is largely tied to globalization as integrated flows laying out various interrelated social, economic, political, and geographical networks in the Americas. As a result, the book states that the geopolitics of globalization sparks a geo-sociology and politics of scales, shaping political geography and internal-external politics and policies through the causes and effects of free trade areas, transnational migrations, human settlement patterns, ethnocultural, and demographic changes, city growth, and urban governance challenges. As well as discussing the issues of migration and cities, the book merges territoriality, geopolitics, and globalization in the broader existing theoretical literature and analyzes the implications for the research community at large. As such, it appeals to students, academics, policy makers, journalists, activists, and globalists looking for fresh thinking in the interplay of globalization and geopolitics in an era of global migration in global cities.
The Logic of Cooperation in Autocracies
This meticulously researched book offers a comprehensive analysis of strategic cooperation in authoritarian regimes, specifically focusing on Yemen's Joint Meeting Parties--an alliance composed of diverse Islamist, Socialist, and Arab nationalist parties. Heibach presents a unique case study that explores the alliance's remarkable longevity and ultimate success, shedding light on the reasons behind the emergence and endurance of opposition cooperation in autocracies. To provide a nuanced understanding of strategic cooperation, Heibach advocates for the separate examination of internal and external alliance performance. The internal logic of cooperation, which centers on the sustenance of the alliance, and the external logic, driven by goal attainment, give rise to contradictions that significantly impact overall alliance performance. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources and employing rigorous methodologies, The Logic of Cooperation in Autocracies offers a vital addition to the academic discourse on authoritarianism, opposition politics, and coalition formation. It is an indispensable resource for scholars, researchers, and students seeking deep insights into the complex world of strategic cooperation in autocratic systems and its profound implications for political conflicts.
The Logic of Cooperation in Autocracies
This meticulously researched book offers a comprehensive analysis of strategic cooperation in authoritarian regimes, specifically focusing on Yemen's Joint Meeting Parties--an alliance composed of diverse Islamist, Socialist, and Arab nationalist parties. Heibach presents a unique case study that explores the alliance's remarkable longevity and ultimate success, shedding light on the reasons behind the emergence and endurance of opposition cooperation in autocracies. To provide a nuanced understanding of strategic cooperation, Heibach advocates for the separate examination of internal and external alliance performance. The internal logic of cooperation, which centers on the sustenance of the alliance, and the external logic, driven by goal attainment, give rise to contradictions that significantly impact overall alliance performance. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources and employing rigorous methodologies, The Logic of Cooperation in Autocracies offers a vital addition to the academic discourse on authoritarianism, opposition politics, and coalition formation. It is an indispensable resource for scholars, researchers, and students seeking deep insights into the complex world of strategic cooperation in autocratic systems and its profound implications for political conflicts.
Change in Global Environmental Politics
As wildfires rage, pollution thickens, and species disappear, the world confronts environmental crisis with a set of global institutions in urgent need of reform. Yet, these institutions have proved frustratingly resistant to change. Introducing the concept of Temporal Focal Points, Manulak shows how change occurs in world politics. By re-envisioning the role of timing and temporality in social relations, his analysis presents a new approach to understanding transformative phases in international cooperation. We may now be entering such a phase, he argues, and global actors must be ready to realize the opportunities presented. Charting the often colorful and intensely political history of change in global environmental politics, this book sheds new light on the actors and institutions that shape humanity's response to planetary decline. It will be of interest to scholars and advanced students of international relations, international organization and environmental politics and history.
How Did Britain Come to This?
If every system is perfectly designed to get the results it gets, what is wrong with the design of the systems that govern Britain? And how have they resulted in failures in housing, privatisation, outsourcing, education and healthcare? In How Did Britain Come to This? Gwyn Bevan examines a century of varieties of systemic failures in the British state. The book begins and ends by showing how systems of governance explain scandals in NHS hospitals, and the failures and successes of the UK and Germany in responding to Covid-19 before and after vaccines became available. The book compares geographical fault lines and inequalities in Britain with those that have developed in other European countries and argues that the causes of Britain's entrenched inequalities are consequences of shifts in systems of governance over the past century. Clement Attlee's postwar government aimed to remedy the failings of the prewar minimal state, while Margaret Thatcher's governments in the 1980s in turn sought to remedy the failings of Attlee's planned state by developing the marketised state, which morphed into the financialised state we see today. This analysis highlights the urgent need for a new political settlement of an enabling state that tackles current systemic weaknesses from market failures and over-centralisation. This book offers an accessible, analytic account of government failures of the past century, and is essential reading for anyone who wants to make an informed contribution to what an innovative, capable state might look like in a post-pandemic world.
