Rebel Financing and Terrorism in Civil Wars
This book investigates the ways in which the lethality of terrorist violence depends on how rebel organizations finance their rebellion.The leaders of rebel groups make calculated decisions on the intensity of terrorism killings, considering the benefits and costs of targeting non-combatants against the financing needs of their organization. The study specifically focuses on analyzing the effects of different external financing options available to rebel groups and takes into account the role of local populations in making financing available. This comparative approach to external financing reveals new hypotheses that are empirically verified and differ from the expectations and findings of prior research. The book's findings are relevant to policy discussions on counter-insurgency strategies that prioritize protecting populations from human rights abuses. Existing doctrines tend to overlook the potential impact of targeted efforts to isolate insurgents from specific financing sources on the capacity to secure local populations.This book will be of interest to students of civil wars, terrorism studies, political violence, and security studies.
United Nations Peace Operations and International Relations Theory
United Nations peace operations have undergone multiple transformations over the more than seventy years of their existence. Multidimensional peace operations have organised elections, helped deliver humanitarian assistance, advised on army and police reform, and fought rebel groups. Such operations not only represent a core pillar of the multilateral peace and security architecture but also reshape the lives of millions of people around the world. This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of multiple theoretical perspectives, offering examples of how International Relations theories apply to specific policy issues and demonstrates how major debates on UN peace operations - on civilian protection, local ownership, or gender mainstreaming - benefit from theoretical exploration. With insightful contributions from international academics, this is an essential book for scholars, students, and experts working on peace and security and international cooperation.
Report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, on the Memorial of Porter C. Bliss and George F. Masterman, in Relation to Their Imprisonment in Paraguay
This report details the investigation into the imprisonment of two American citizens in Paraguay in the late 19th century. It provides a fascinating glimpse into U.S.-Paraguayan relations during this time, and sheds light on the challenges faced by Americans traveling abroad.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Report Of The Executive Committee Of The New York Civil-service Reform Association
This report provides an in-depth analysis of civil-service reform initiatives in New York State during the late 19th century. The report includes detailed discussions of the legal and political obstacles facing reformers, as well as case studies of successful reforms in other states. This book will be of interest to political scientists, historians, and anyone interested in the history of civil-service reform in the United States.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ethics of Political Commemoration
This book proposes a new Ethics of Political Commemoration adapted from the Just War tradition, reflecting that remembrance is often conducted with political - and even coercive - intent. With its Ius ad Memoriam (what to commemorate) and Ius in Memoria (how to commemorate) criteria, the framework looks to guide debates that are currently inchoate so that remembrance of the past can transform relationships in the present and build a shared future. Offering a moral argument with memorable illustrations, Gutbrod and Wood draw on experiences from Armenia, Georgia, Ireland, Lebanon, and Libya, while connecting to mainstream debates in Western Europe and the United States. Bringing together an ethical tradition with the practice of conflict transformation, the framework fuses two perspectives that enrich each other. The book, in providing a first systematic presentation of the ethics, seeks to engage citizens and scholars, and help those who work to transform conflicts.
The Informal Powers of Western European Presidents
The book explores how weak presidents directly or indirectly elected can still play a crucial role in the political arena. Weak presidents have been distinguished from strong ones by relying on the evaluation of the powers they display according to the constitution. Six Western European countries are analysed: Germany and Italy which present a consistent constitutional design (as weak presidents are elected indirectly), and Austria, Ireland, Finland and Portugal that present inconsistent constitutional design (as weak presidents are elected directly). In contrast to much of the existing comparative works on presidential powers and activism, the book emphasises the role and the use of informal powers beyond that of formal ones. In particular, a definition and a typology of informal powers are provided as well as an empirical investigation on informal presidential activism. The positive outcome of presidential informal interventions are studied by relying on an interactionist approachwhich combines presidency-centred as well as president centred-explanations. The book argues that when dealing with informal presidential activism the opportunity structure matters but presidential public support matters even more.
The Dilemma of Authoritarian Local Governance in Egypt
The authoritarian upgrading process in Egypt has enabled the regime to have a more effective dominance in local politics and to enhance its political control. However, its strategies failed to overcome the weakness of system mobilisation functions, which reflected the authoritarian dilemma of bridging the macro (the national) and the micro (the local). Drawing on extensive fieldwork, Hani Awad explores the formal and informal decentralisation strategies employed under three regimes (Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak) to upgrade the Egyptian system of local governance without giving up power or democratising local governments.
On the Line
The Humanitarian Review is a forward-thinking publication dedicated to exploring the most pressing issues facing humanity today. Each issue features in-depth articles, interviews, and analysis on topics ranging from human rights and social justice to global health and the environment. Essential reading for anyone who cares about making the world a better place.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Affective Spaces
Explores how affect and emotion create new ways of understanding contemporary Chinese politics.
Gender Equitable and Transformative Social Policies for Post COVID-19 Africa
U.S. Postal Service Postal Inspection Service and Postal Operations
Our Foreign Service
A seminal work of foreign policy and international relations, providing a comprehensive overview of the role and function of American diplomacy in the early 20th century. Examines the key challenges and opportunities facing the United States in its relations with other nations, and offers a nuanced and insightful analysis of the political, economic, and cultural factors that shape international affairs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Report of the Joint Legislative Committee for the Investigation of the Finances of the City of New York
The Struggle to Reshape the Middle East in the 21st Century
The volume examines the causes and consequences of regional turbulence in the Middle East following the 2003 Iraq war and the 2011 Arab uprisings. The Middle East has experienced unprecedented levels of instability and violence during this period including regime breakdown, heightened rivalry and competition, civil and proxy wars, cross border military intervention, refugee flows, and the emergence of violent non-state actors. Following a theoretical chapter analysing the drivers of regional turbulence, leading Middle East scholars investigate the impact of turbulence on the politics of different states and actors in the region. Nine case studies analyse the foreign policies and regional role of the United States and Israel, Iran and Turkey's policies toward the Syrian crisis, and the impact of regional turbulence and intervention on Yemen, Egypt, and relations among Arab Gulf states. The two final chapters examine two new Islamist actors that emerged in the Middle East during this period: Sunni militant groups in Iraq and Syria and the new Salafi political parties and their foreign policy orientations.
The Administration's Clipper Chip key Escrow Encryption Program
Global Displacement in the Twenty-First Century
In this book Phillip Cole calls for a radical review of what international protection looks like and who is entitled to it. The book brings together different issues of forced displacement in one place to provide a systematic overview. It draws attention to groups who are often overlooked when it comes to discussions of international protection, such as the internally displaced, those displaced by climate change, disasters, development infrastructure projects and extreme poverty. The study draws on extensive case studies, such as border practices by European Union states, the United States and its border with Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Cole places the experiences of displaced people at the centre, and argues that they should be key political agents in determining policy in this area.
The Afterworld
COVID-19 sparked the largest global crisis of the 21st century, extending well beyond public health. For some, the impact was swift and dramatic, with the pandemic pushing tens of millions into poverty and creating extreme food insecurity; for others, the transformations are still bubbling under the surface. Efforts to arrest the spread of COVID-19 entailed far-reaching forms of government intervention and the extensive use of new technologies. Questions thus remain as to whether the societal changes brought about by COVID-19 will endure in the post-pandemic period. The return of geopolitics, along with the war in Ukraine and tensions in Asia, have further complexified an already complex global situation. Since March 2020, there has been an explosion of analyses about the short-term impacts and future global consequences of COVID-19. Parallels to the 1930s collapse of Europe have been made, as recounted by Stefan Zweig in his famous memoir, The World of Yesterday. While most commentators are pessimistic, some are looking for positive change. Faced with this unprecedented crisis, we have been propelled to think about how, in the "next world," we can strengthen economic prosperity, social justice, the environment, gender relations, public health, and political institutions--or at least ensure that these features of our world do not continue to deteriorate. In The Afterworld, 50 professors from four Montreal universities, among the foremost experts in their fields, propose progressive, pragmatic, and social science-based ideas with the potential to improve international cooperation, security, human rights, and sustainable prosperity beyond the pandemic.
Near and Far Waters
Seapower has been a constant in world politics, a tool through which powerful countries have policed the seas for commercial advantage. Political geographer Colin Flint highlights the geography of seapower as a dynamic, continual struggle to gain control of near waters-those parts of the oceans close to a country's shoreline-and far waters-parts of the oceans beyond the horizon and that neighbor the shorelines of other countries. A forceful and clarifying challenge to conventional accounts of geopolitics, Near and Far Waters offers an accessible introduction to the combination of economic and political relations that are the reason behind, and the result of, the development of seapower to control near waters and project force into far waters. Examining the histories of three naval powers (the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States), this book distills the past and present patterns of seapower and their tendency to trigger repercussive conflict and war. Readers will gain an appreciation for how geopolitics works, the importance of seapower in economic competition, the motivations behind China's desire to become a global naval force, and the risks of current and future wars. Drawing on decades of experience, Flint urges readers to take seriously the dilemma of near/far waters as a context for an alternative understanding of global politics.
Correspondence on the Present Relations Between Great Britain and the United States of America
Transformation of Platform Governance in China
The admiration of science and technology and the emphasis on political stability are two sides of the same coin in China. Therefore, China is more likely to take aggressive measures to promote or inhibit platform development than the United States and the European Union. But the uncertainty in the decision-making process is worrisome and calls for a broader discussion of the multiple political consequences of technology.
League of Nations; Volume II
A detailed history of the League of Nations, written by Theodore Marburg, a prominent American diplomat and internationalist. The book explores the origins and development of the League, as well as its successes and failures in promoting peace and global cooperation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Divided Isles
In 2019, Solomon Islands made international headlines when the country severed its decades-old alliance with Taiwan in exchange for a partnership with Beijing. The decision prompted international condemnation and terrified security experts. This penetrating investigation into the switch sheds light on China's wider foreign policy.
The Navy Department
Written by former Secretary of the Navy Truman H. Newberry, this book provides a detailed look at how the department conducts business and implements changes. With a focus on efficiency and effectiveness, Newberry's methods are still relevant today, making this an essential read for anyone interested in government and management.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
House Of Commons Papers; Volume 37
This collection of papers from the House of Commons offers a firsthand look at the workings of the British government in the nineteenth century. Included are official reports, correspondence, and other documents related to a wide range of issues, such as education, labor, finance, and foreign policy. With its rich detail and insights, this book is an important resource for scholars of British political history.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Consultative Democracy or Consultative Authoritarianism?
This book theorizes Chinese politics, specifically about China's "deliberative democracy (xieshang minzhu 协商民主)". Creating a China-West comparative framework, the author interrogates China's government's claims to give representation to citizens, allowing readers to see how all of these concepts interact within Chinese ideology, democratic discourse, and governance, and their relationship with Chinese authoritarianism. Above all, this book represents a sustained hybridization of political theory, one which is neither a simple democratic-authoritarian dichotomy, nor a reinterpretation of the official propaganda. This study will interest scholars of Chinese politics and statecraft, shedding light on an emergent discourse of the state - Chinese xieshang minzhu. More importantly, this book goes beyond a simple rhetorical and linguistic use of 'deliberative democracy' in the Western sense, and rather emphasizes the very consultative nature of Chinese politics, which facilitates and reconsolidates Chinese authoritarianism.
Brief History of the Massachusetts School Suffrage Association
Cyber Sovereignty
Governments across the globe find themselves in an exploratory phase as they probe the limits of their sovereignty in the cyber domain. Cyberspace is a singular environment that is forcing states to adjust their behavior to fit a new arena beyond the four traditional domains (air, sea, space, and land) to which the classic understanding of state sovereignty applies. According to Lucie Kadlecov獺, governments must implement a more adaptive approach to keep up with rapid developments and innovations in cyberspace in order to truly retain their sovereignty. This requires understanding the concept of sovereignty in a more creative and flexible manner. Kadlecov獺 argues that the existence of sovereignty in cyberspace is the latest remarkable stage in the evolution of this concept. Through a close study of the most advanced transatlantic cases of state sovereignty in cyberspace--the Netherlands, the US, Estonia, and Turkey--Cyber Sovereignty reveals how states have pursued new methods and tactics to fuel the distribution of authority and control in the cyber field, imaginatively combining modern technologies with legal frameworks. In times of booming competition over cyber governance between democracies and authoritarian regimes worldwide, cyber sovereignty is a major topic of interest, and concern, for the international community.
The Moro Problem; an Academic Discussion of the History and Solution of the Problem of the Government of the Moros of the Phillipine Islands
This scholarly work examines the conflict between the Moro people of the southern Philippines and the colonial government of the United States. Najeeb Saleeby provides a detailed historical overview of the situation, and proposes his own solutions to the problem based on cultural understanding and respect. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of the Philippines and the complex issues surrounding colonialism and cultural identity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Future of Austria-Hungary and the Attitude of the Great Powers
