Cyber Sovereignty
Governments across the globe find themselves in an exploratory phase as they probe the limits of their sovereignty in the cyber domain. Cyberspace is a singular environment that is forcing states to adjust their behavior to fit a new arena beyond the four traditional domains (air, sea, space, and land) to which the classic understanding of state sovereignty applies. According to Lucie Kadlecov獺, governments must implement a more adaptive approach to keep up with rapid developments and innovations in cyberspace in order to truly retain their sovereignty. This requires understanding the concept of sovereignty in a more creative and flexible manner. Kadlecov獺 argues that the existence of sovereignty in cyberspace is the latest remarkable stage in the evolution of this concept. Through a close study of the most advanced transatlantic cases of state sovereignty in cyberspace--the Netherlands, the US, Estonia, and Turkey--Cyber Sovereignty reveals how states have pursued new methods and tactics to fuel the distribution of authority and control in the cyber field, imaginatively combining modern technologies with legal frameworks. In times of booming competition over cyber governance between democracies and authoritarian regimes worldwide, cyber sovereignty is a major topic of interest, and concern, for the international community.
Consultative Democracy or Consultative Authoritarianism?
This book theorizes Chinese politics, specifically about China's "deliberative democracy (xieshang minzhu 协商民主)". Creating a China-West comparative framework, the author interrogates China's government's claims to give representation to citizens, allowing readers to see how all of these concepts interact within Chinese ideology, democratic discourse, and governance, and their relationship with Chinese authoritarianism. Above all, this book represents a sustained hybridization of political theory, one which is neither a simple democratic-authoritarian dichotomy, nor a reinterpretation of the official propaganda. This study will interest scholars of Chinese politics and statecraft, shedding light on an emergent discourse of the state - Chinese xieshang minzhu. More importantly, this book goes beyond a simple rhetorical and linguistic use of 'deliberative democracy' in the Western sense, and rather emphasizes the very consultative nature of Chinese politics, which facilitates and reconsolidates Chinese authoritarianism.
Investigation Of Offices And Departments Of The City Of New York By A Special Committee Of The Assembly ...
This report, prepared by counsel to the Mazet Committee of the New York State Assembly, offers a detailed investigation into the offices and departments of the City of New York. Covering topics such as public contracts, public works, and the police department, this report provides a fascinating insight into the workings of municipal government in New York City at the turn of the 20th century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Syria 2011-2013
Azmi Bishara's book on the Syrian Revolution is one of the most comprehensive and profound works on the subject published to date. Translated here into English for the first time, the study examines the complex roots of Syria's political and sectarian conflicts from the day revolution erupted on 15th March 2011 to its descent into civil war in the two years that followed. The book unearths and discusses the very first signs of protests from across Daraa, Hama, Aleppo, Damascus, Raqqa, Deir El Zour, Edlib and Homs, and it deals with Syria's ruralization process and the subsequent economic 'liberalization', which eventually led to the revolt against the Baath party. The work is based on high-level interviews, analysis of the country's socio-economic background, and examination of the Syrian regime's strategy and its political and media discourse. Syria's revolution is chronicled in two stages: the peaceful civil stage and the armed stage. Bishara's analysis first centres on the regime's strategy, unveiling despotism, massacres, kidnapping, sectarian tendencies, jihadist violence, the emergence of warlords, and the chaotic spread of arms. He then turns to the role of the opposition to narrate in detail the events that broke out and exactly how a peaceful protest turned into an armed struggle. The book provides a roadmap to how revolution broke out and is a comprehensive analysis of what drove those early events. Its publication brings renowned Arabic-language scholarship to the English-speaking world.
The Manual of Peace
Written during the height of the American Civil War, this book is an impassioned plea for peace and an end to the hostilities that were tearing the country apart. The author examines the causes and consequences of war, and proposes a number of remedies for its many evils.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Economic and Monetary Union in 2010-2022
This book has two research objectives. The main objective is to present the dynamics of the system reform of the Economic and Monetary Union in 2010-2022. The other is to take stock of the reform and to highlight its successes and failures. In this context, the monograph puts forward two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumes that the shortcomings in EU primary and secondary law regarding the Economic and Monetary Union and the course of the euro area debt crisis were two main reasons for reforming the EMU, whereby the crisis in question actually forced the European Union and the euro area countries to implement the reform. The second hypothesis is based on the assumption that the implementation of the system reform encountered many difficulties and obstacles arising from the negative attitude of the governments of some euro area Member States to the execution of selected projects, but also from the accumulation of various severe crises that the European Union faced during the reform, in particular the euro area debt crisis, the migration crisis, the pandemic crisis and the geopolitical crisis following Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The research hypotheses were verified using a triangulation of several qualitative methods: case study, institutional-legal method, comparative method, and critical analysis of sources and literature.
Sustainable Peace in Northeast Asia
Sustainable Peace in Northeast Asia examines the causes of lasting and complex tensions in the region and explores possible solutions to build lasting peace here.
Politics of Regionalism in Central Asia
This book addresses how to mitigate regional tensions and enhance cooperative opportunities through well-designed regional institutions and organizations among countries in geographical proximity. We use the case of Central Asia (i.e., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) to employ our conceptual framework of 'externally guided regionalism.' The following questions guide the study: How and by what forces has Central Asian regionalism evolved, and what are the main characteristics and political implications of the continuously evolving regional institutions? We discuss not only the extra-regional influential actors (i.e., Russia, the United States, the European Union, and China), but also intra-regional initiatives, strategies, and struggles in securing stability and sovereignty. Extra-regional actors' growing competition over molding their own kind of multilateralism involving this region has contributed to the current direction of Central Asia's regionalization. Concurrently, Central Asia's political conditions and constraints interactively contribute to ever-increasing institutional sprawl.
Pivoting Government through Digital Transformation
Affecting every sector and country in the world, digital technology is changing the way citizens engage in society, companies conduct business, and governments deliver public services. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of digitalization and exposed such vulnerabilities as inadequate infrastructure, weak regulations, and a scarcity of skilled professionals capable of digitally transforming government. Not immune to the digital revolution, governments are slowly adapting to a digital world. Governments are implementing digital solutions to deliver services to their citizens, make payments, and engage the public.Focusing on how government can transition more effectively through digital transformation, Pivoting Government Through Digital Transformation covers the following key components: Setting the stage during the Great Resignation period Filling the digital talent pipeline Best practices and vignettes for applying digital transformation in government Looking ahead towards the future Key chapter contributors from U.S. and foreign governments, as well as state and local governments, discuss how they are coping with today's environment and how they are using digital transformation efforts to enhance their organization's effectiveness and digital talent pipeline.With chapters on theory and practice, this groundbreaking book offers an in-depth analysis of the most innovative approaches to e-government and discusses case studies from local, state, and federal government perspectives. This is an essential guide for government employees, scholars, and regular citizens who want to make government work more effectively and democratically in the digital age.
Brazil after Bolsonaro
Brazil after Bolsonaro captures and presents the voices of a wide range of stakeholders, including academics and journalists in Brazil and abroad, to produce the first systematic engagement with Lula's upcoming presidency.
Women, Money, and Political Participation in the Middle East
This book examines women, money, and political participation in the Middle East and North Africa focusing on women's capacity to engage local political systems. In particular, it considers whether and how this engagement is facilitated through specific types of financial flows from abroad. Arab countries are well-known rentier states, and so a prime destination for foreign aid, worker remittances, and oil-related investment. Alongside other factors these external monies have elicited dramatic shifts in gender-related social norms and expectations both from the state and the domestic population, affording certain women the opportunity to enter the political arena, while leaving others behind. The research presented here expands the discussion of women in rentier political economy and highlights their roles as participants and agents within regional templates for economic development.
Third-Party Governance
This book introduces readers to the theory and practice of third-party governance. It helps students understand market-oriented tools such as contracting, networks, public-private partnerships and other collaborative governance mechanisms that make up the repertoire of third-party governance.
Sparks
Using history to challenge Communist Party rule. Sparks: China's Underground Historians and their Battle for the Future describes how some of China's best-known writers, filmmakers, and artists have overcome crackdowns and censorship to forge a nationwide movement that challenges the Communist Party on its most hallowed ground: its control of history. The past is a battleground in many countries, but in China it is crucial to political power. In traditional China, dynasties rewrote history to justify their rule by proving that their predecessors were unworthy of holding power. Marxism gave this a modern gloss, describing history as an unstoppable force heading toward Communism's triumph. The Chinese Communist Party builds on these ideas to whitewash its misdeeds and glorify its rule. Indeed, one of Xi Jinping's signature policies is the control of history, which he equates with the party's survival. But in recent years, a network of independent writers, artists, and filmmakers have begun challenging this state-led disremembering. Using digital technologies to bypass China's legendary surveillance state, their samizdat journals, guerilla media posts, and underground films document a regular pattern of disasters: from famines and purges of years past to ethnic clashes and virus outbreaks of the present--powerful and inspiring accounts that have underpinned recent protests in China against Xi Jinping's strongman rule. Based on years of first-hand research in Xi Jinping's China, Sparks challenges stereotypes of a China where the state has quashed all free thought, revealing instead a country engaged in one of humanity's great struggles of memory against forgetting--a battle that will shape the China that emerges in the mid-21st century.
Non-Discrimination in Turkey
The book "Non-discrimination in Turkey" focuses on issue areas within the broader non-discrimination framework in Turkey. It looks domestic change in Turkey regarding non-discrimination across time. The book unpacks the principle of non-discrimination and provides analysis in many issue areas like LGBTI rights, disability rights or age discrimination that rely under the framework of non-discrimination. Adopting a comprehensive approach including many areas within non-discrimination, the book will be useful for the students, scholars and researchers of international relations, political science, Middle East and Turkish studies and those interested in human rights.
Frustrated Relations?
This book focuses on China's foreign strategy and policy toward Central and Eastern Europe via the "China-CEEC" Cooperation Mechanism. It discusses the formation and evolution of the mechanism, concentrating on China's leading role in this process, and covering a range of issues related to the mechanism's organizational development. This discussion includes the broad context of China's foreign policy, a coherent framework analysis of institution and cooperation issues, the internal aspects of the heterogeneity, external aspects of its asymmetry interactions, and finally, its emphases on cooperation in the two primary dimensions of great powers engagement and localization.After the end of the Cold War and the sudden and shocking collapse of the Soviet Union, the geopolitics of Central and Eastern Europe begins to undergo dramatic changes. Since then, an increase in public discussion in China about the transformation from the planned economy to market economy became very visible. Moreover, this part of the world perceives as the gate to Europe through almost forget Silk Road. Both factors have played a crucial role in shaping China's interest in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Following the points mentioned above, China's interests in Central and Eastern Europe are due to several factors, including its frontier stability, national security, economic expansion, and search for new sources of energy and new markets for made in China products. Recognition of the importance of the region culminates in the recent Chinese grand strategy of "Belt and Road," which highlights Central and Eastern Europe as the essential link in China's plan New Silk Road strategy. In this regard, the "China-CEEC" Cooperation Mechanism has a crucial role in China's "Go West" strategy.
Treaty of Peace With Germany
This treaty of peace was signed between the United States and Germany on August 25, 1921, in order to restore friendly relations between the two nations following World War I. The document includes section 1 of part IV and parts V, VI, VIII, and I, and offers insight into the development of international relations in the aftermath of one of the most devastating conflicts in human history. This book is essential reading for scholars and students of international relations and diplomatic history.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Constitution Of The State Of Kansas
This historic document outlines the founding principles of the state of Kansas, including its commitment to freedom and democracy. The constitution reflects the spirit of the time, as Kansas struggled to resolve the conflict between pro- and anti-slavery forces. It remains an important reminder of our nation's ongoing struggle for justice and equality.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook Of Town Administration And Accounting For Town Offices
This practical guide to town administration and accounting is designed for use by municipal officials and employees in New York State. Written by experienced practitioners and published by the state Comptroller's Office, the book covers a wide range of topics such as budgeting, taxation, purchasing, personnel management, and reporting. It also includes helpful examples, checklists, and other tools for efficient and effective local government.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Great Illusion
""The Great Illusion"" by Norman Angell is a thought-provoking study that challenges conventional beliefs about the benefits of military power and the pursuit of war. Angell argues that armed conflict and the quest for military dominance do not lead to lasting national advantage or economic prosperity. In this groundbreaking work, Angell asserts that the interdependence of nations and the interconnectedness of their economies make war an outdated and futile strategy. He presents compelling evidence and logical reasoning to demonstrate that armed aggression ultimately harms all parties involved, including the presumed victors. ""The Great Illusion"" explores the economic and social consequences of war, debunking the notion that military strength guarantees national security or superiority. Angell's ideas have had a profound impact on the field of international relations and have influenced policymakers and peace activists alike.
The Jersey City Development Plan
This book outlines the comprehensive development plan for Jersey City, New Jersey, as proposed and enacted by the Board of City Commissioners. It covers topics such as zoning regulations, transport infrastructure, and public spaces, with a focus on promoting economic growth and improving quality of life for residents. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the future of urban planning and development.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Arms Control and Europe
This book examines the recent changes in strategic stability, caused by the collapse of the international security architecture. Against the background of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, international experts discuss topics and critical issues such as the revanchist strategy of Russia and the readiness of the United States (US) and Europe to give an adequate response; the influence of new technologies in the future of nuclear deterrence; and the crumbling of the arms control and nonproliferation system under the new challenges. The book explains how the combination of these factors lead to a crucial change of strategic stability and the international security landscape, the first such change since the end of the Cold War.Divided into three parts, the book presents timely analyses on (1) US, Russia: New Challenges and Strategic Stability in Europe; (2) Extended Deterrence and Arms Control in Europe; and (3) Regional Dimensions of Strategic Stability in Europe. It further offers perspectives from and case studies on different countries, such as Ukraine, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the USA, Turkey, Poland, and Romania.This book is a must-read for scholars for international relations, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the changing international security architecture, Russia's strategy, arms control, nonproliferation, and the future of nuclear deterrence.
South Korea’s Grand Strategy
Since the end of the Cold War, South Korea has taken on a greater role in global affairs. Ramon Pacheco Pardo provides a groundbreaking analysis of South Korea's foreign policy from its transition to democracy in the late 1980s through the present day, arguing that the country's approach to the world constitutes a grand strategy. This book examines the key factors and goals that shape South Korea's long-term strategy, with analysis that brings together its diplomatic, military, economic, and soft-power components. Pacheco Pardo shows that South Korea's fundamental aim has been to move beyond its past as a "shrimp among whales" and instead attain autonomy and freedom of action. He explores how South Korean leaders across parties and governments have pursued security, prosperity, and status. Pacheco Pardo tracks South Korea's core relationships with North Korea, the United States, and China, and he details the country's objectives and policies across East Asia, the Asia-Pacific region, and the rest of the world. Drawing on in-depth interviews with past and present policy makers, this book presents an analytical account of how South Korean strategy is made and practiced. It expertly lays out South Korea's grand strategy and, more broadly, makes a compelling case that middle powers like South Korea can implement grand strategies.
Reflections on Grand Strategy
The book provides an analytic framework for grand strategy and applies the framework to illuminate the grand strategies of the Great Powers of the twenty-first century: India, China, Russia, and the United States. The book also uses Coca-Cola as a case study to illustrate the potential influence of grand strategy on business strategy. The analysis is rigorous, logical, fact-based, historically rooted, and well-sourced with abundant endnotes to encourage further exploration by readers.
Armed Groups
Armed Groups­ provides a framework for categorizing and analyzing a key threat to today's security arena--terrorists, mercenaries, insurgents, militias, and transnational criminal organizations. Understanding their goals, strategies, internal composition, and the environment that fosters them is crucial to understand today's changing nature of war.
Military, Politics and Democratization in Southern Africa
This book explores multiple challenges faced by democratization in Southern Africa. Applying a wider lens to the concept of political transition and employing a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches, the contributions gathered here explore residual political cultural practices that hinder democratic consolidation in Southern Africa. Presenting various case studies, the book tackles themes such as the military-political nexus, leadership renewal, constitutionalism, electoral politics, election violence, marginalization of women, civil society and political transition, media framing and transitional justice. Written from a multidisciplinary perspective and drawing on empirical data from multiple sources, this edited volume challenges orthodox conceptualizations of political transition. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, African studies, and related fields, as well as policy-makers and professionals interested in thelatest political developments in Southern Africa.
![Proceedings Of [1st]-6th National Conference, American Society For Judicial Settlement Of International Disputes; Volume 1](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/3365/9781020603365m.webp "Proceedings Of [1st]-6th National Conference, American Society For Judicial Settlement Of International Disputes; Volume 1")
Proceedings Of [1st]-6th National Conference, American Society For Judicial Settlement Of International Disputes; Volume 1
This volume is a collection of the proceedings of the early conferences of the American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, a pioneering organization that worked to promote peaceful resolution of conflicts between nations through the judicial system.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Making the Supreme Court
Appointments to the United States Supreme Court are now central events in American political life. Every vacancy unleashes a bitter struggle between Republicans and Democrats over nominees; and once the seat is filled, new justices typically vote in predictable ways. However, this has not always been the case. As late as the middle of the twentieth century, presidents invested little time and effort in finding and vetting nominees, often selecting personal cronies, who senators briskly confirmed. Media coverage was desultory, public opinion was largely non-existent, and the justices often voted independently and erratically. In Making the Supreme Court, Charles M. Cameron and Jonathan P. Kastellec examine 90 years of American political history to show how the growth of federal judicial power from the 1930s onward inspired a multitude of groups struggling to shape judicial policy. Over time, some groups moved beyond lobbying the Court to changing who sits on it. Other groups formed expressly to influence appointments. These activists and organized groups penetrated the national party system so that after about 1980, presidential candidates increasingly pledged to select and confirm nominees who conformed to specific policy and ideological litmus tests. Once in office, these presidents re-shaped the executive selection system to deliver on their promises. Moreover, the selection process for justices turned into media events, often fueled by controversy. As Cameron and Kastellec argue, the result is a new politics aimed squarely at selecting and placing judicial ideologues on the Court. They make the case that this new model gradually transformed how the Court itself operates, turning it into an ideologically driven and polarized branch. Based on rich data and qualitative evidence, Making the Supreme Court provides a sharp lens on the social and political transformations that created a new American politics.
The Russia-Ukraine War from an African Perspective
In the Russia-Ukraine war, attention has been focused on the "Special Military Operation" This book argues that there are many other special operations, in various other arenas in the world, that deserve equal and urgent attention. Connecting special military operations to what it calls special economic operations, special cultural operations, special technological operations, special sexual operations and special political operations, the book argues that special operations are not exclusive. AIso drawing on topical debates about technoscience, the book critically examines invasive technologies in relation to bodily autonomy, integrity and privacy, and it urges scholars and thinkers to compare these invasive technological operations to invasive special military operations. The book grapples with the future of humanity in a world where the human is decentred even as the world is witnessing the proliferation of resource wars. The book is relevant for scholars in anthropology, sociology, politics, government studies, international relations, history, media studies, science and technology studies and disaster management.
Evolution of China’s Global Foreign Policy Discourse in the 21st Century
China's rapid economic development in recent decades has significantly boosted its international political activities as evidenced by the promotion of a set of relevant global foreign policy doctrines. Unlike the concepts adopted under Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, which were primarily ideological, China's foreign policy conceptions since the early 2000s have been more scientific and commercial. The book analyses factors that influenced the change of foreign policy discourse of China during Xi Jinping's Premiership (from 2012 till now).The book analyses the genesis and contents of modern China's major foreign policy conceptions, such as the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative. These conceptions will be examined through the methodology of different theories and approaches, from sinicized Marxism, Max Weber's theory, through to Foucault, Derrida and others.An important and challenging issue in China's modern discourse is the problem of democracy and human rights. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach to these problems in relations between the West and China. Modern China, having carried out rapid socio-economic, scientific and technological development, not only did not change its political system, but also proceeded to reformat the international sphere of human rights in accordance with its understanding of them.The growing "shutdown" of China to the outside world narrows the opportunities for researchers, in whose arsenal the analysis of the discourse of key foreign policy actors occupies one of the central places.
New York Legislative Documents; Volume 7
This comprehensive volume collects a wide range of legislative documents from the state of New York, spanning the years from colonial times to the present day. From constitutional amendments to executive orders, from court decisions to gubernatorial speeches, this book offers a unique glimpse into the workings of one of the most important states in the Union. Whether you are a legal scholar, a historian, or simply interested in the inner workings of government, this book is a must-read.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rwanda’s Radical Transformation Since the End of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi
This book discusses the radical transformation of Rwanda, focusing on the dynamics of its society before and after the genocide against theTutsis in 1994. Through contextualizing the significant changes experienced by the country, it throws searchlights on a number of other African states facing similar challenges. The author analyses Rwanda's challenges of nationhood after the genocide; the vision and will of the country's leadership; its social programs and strategies for cohesion and national development; the population's resilience; and its growing regional influence in the twenty-first century. Rwandan society is here considered not only through the lens of existing literature on African politics, but also through direct engagement and fieldwork with local populations, scholars and policymakers. In addition, the book weighs in on narratives of survivors and victims of the genocide to understand and present local dispositions to current realities such as reforms, development plans, inclusive policies and programs, and determine how Rwandans deal with historical identity issues and conflicts. This book will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers interested in Rwandan and African politics, peace and conflict studies, security (strategic) studies, and genocide studies.
Thieves, Opportunists, and Autocrats
This book examines how Russia and Kazakhstan navigated the dilemmas associated with building regulatory state institutions on the ruins of the Soviet command and control system. The two nations developed predatory and wasteful crony capitalism but still improved their business climates and economic performance. To better understand these seemingly incompatible outcomes, the book advances a theory of authoritarian regulatory statehood. It argues that politicians use institutions of the state as a means to balance conflicting elite demands for economic rents and popular demands for public goods and economic growth. An effective balancing of the two prevents elite subversion and popular revolt in the short run and ensures elites' continued access to economic rents in the long run. Empirical analysis of nearly a million national and regional regulatory documents enacted in Russia and Kazakhstan between 1990 and 2020 shows that formal regulatory institutions the autocrats built have a profound effect on economic outcomes. Moreover, at times of political vulnerability, autocracies use formal regulatory mechanisms to discipline state agencies responsible for policy implementation. By reducing capricious policy implementation by the regulatory bureaucracy, autocrats are able to reinvigorate economic performance and rebalance elite and popular interests. The theoretical argument advanced in the book links the use of institutional instruments of policy implementation to the political survival strategy. This study effectively shows that regulatory state building has emerged as an effective tool for strengthening autocratic regimes and enhancing their long-term survival.
Government Ownership of Electrical Means of Communication
This report, commissioned in 1914, evaluates the potential benefits and drawbacks of government ownership of electrical means of communication, including telegraph and telephone lines. The report provides valuable insights into early 20th-century debates around the role of the government in regulating and owning communication technologies. This book is a must-read for historians and scholars of communication technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Administration’s Clipper Chip key Escrow Encryption Program
This important hearing transcript captures the debate over the Clipper Chip encryption program, which was proposed by the Clinton administration in 1993 as a way to balance national security concerns with the need for individual privacy. The program would have required encryption vendors to build a 'trapdoor' into their software that would allow law enforcement officials to bypass encryption in cases of criminal investigation. The hearing features testimony from industry experts, civil libertarians, and government officials, and provides valuable historical context for ongoing debates about the balance between privacy and security in the digital age.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Righteous Politics
Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the Iranian political system has been subject to diminishing legitimacy. In recent years, various waves of protest have spread across the country and the question of the resilience of the revolutionary state becomes more pressing by the day. Drawing from extensive fieldwork and rare primary sources, Mehran Kamrava provides here a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the Iranian state and the various formal and informal institutions through which it operates. The book offers an in-depth analysis of the Iranian state, from the Constitution to the powers and offices of the Supreme Leader, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the several intelligence agencies. Paying careful attention to the nuances of Iranian politics, Kamrava also highlights how factional politics and rentierism have served to enhance state resilience. Presenting a range of original insights, this book is invaluable to understanding the inner workings of the contemporary Iranian state.
Terms of Exclusion
LGBT political movements in the United States have been successful in expediting the growing acceptance of sexual and gender minorities and increasing public support for LGBT rights. However, not all segments of what has come to be called the "LGBT community" have benefited from these gains; even marginalized identity groups have internal hierarchies that determine whose political claims are heard or ignored. In Terms of Exclusion, Zein Murib looks at the LGBT community in the US as it formed into an identity-based social and political group. Drawing on an extensive archive of movement documents and publications, Murib argues that the strategic use of "rightful citizenship claims," or the assertion that lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender people are owed rights as citizens, created opportunities for the recognition of white, gender-normative, monogamously partnered gay men and lesbians at the expense of other community members. The rights wins made as a result of these opportunities are celebrated as evidence of progress, even while they simultaneously foreclose representation and political gains for those members whose cross-cutting identities challenge or elude the boundaries of normative citizenship. By focusing on the effects of mobilization tactics seeking assimilation, Murib shows that within-group marginalization is not an accident of political expediency or due to relatively fewer resources, but rather a discursive strategy employed by political actors to make a group palatable to lawmakers and the general public. Terms of Exclusion thus constitutes a significant revision to existing scholarship on LGBT politics in political science and joins a growing body of interdisciplinary work that focuses on how a seemingly benign strategy of political movements foregrounding citizenship claims entails silence and erasure for the most precarious members of the group.
Righteous Politics
Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the Iranian political system has been subject to diminishing legitimacy. In recent years, various waves of protest have spread across the country and the question of the resilience of the revolutionary state becomes more pressing by the day. Drawing from extensive fieldwork and rare primary sources, Mehran Kamrava provides here a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the Iranian state and the various formal and informal institutions through which it operates. The book offers an in-depth analysis of the Iranian state, from the Constitution to the powers and offices of the Supreme Leader, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the several intelligence agencies. Paying careful attention to the nuances of Iranian politics, Kamrava also highlights how factional politics and rentierism have served to enhance state resilience. Presenting a range of original insights, this book is invaluable to understanding the inner workings of the contemporary Iranian state.
Conversations with Great Teachers
Climate change is increasingly recognised as a security issue. Yet this recognition belies contestation over what security means and whose security is viewed as threatened. Different accounts - here defined as discourses - of security range from those focused on national sovereignty to those emphasising the vulnerability of human populations. This book examines the ethical assumptions and implications of these 'climate security' discourses, ultimately making a case for moving beyond the protection of human institutions and collectives. Drawing on insights from political ecology, feminism and critical theory, Matt McDonald suggests the need to focus on the resilience of ecosystems themselves when approaching the climate-security relationship, orienting towards the most vulnerable across time, space and species. The book outlines the ethical assumptions and contours of ecological security before exploring how it might find purchase in contemporary political contexts. A shift in this direction could not be more urgent, given the current climate crisis.
The European Union as a Mediator in Post-Conflict Western Balkans
Attempting to pacify the emergent wars in the 1990s, the European Union mediation could not stop the vast destruction and prevent genocide from taking place right next door to the EU, the world's biggest peace project. In the 21st century, the Western Balkans region has again become a subject of testing the EU's "new" foreign policy instrument - mediation. This time, the EU assumed the role of a post-conflict mediator aiming to sustainably resolve the (intractable) conflicts in the post-war setting of the region. While its first mediations in the former Yugoslavia were unsuccessful, the EU's recent mediation attempts in the post-violent stage of the Balkans' conflicts have resulted in varied outcomes. Introducing a new model, this book explains the varying effectiveness of EU mediation in post-conflict and analyses the determining conditions of the EU mediation efficiency in post-conflict settings. The book is among the few publications that shed light on EU mediation utilized as an instrument of conflict resolution that aims to solve protracted conflicts in post-conflict settings.
The Voice Of Peace; Volume 1
In an age of conflict and division, the need for peace and unity has never been greater. This inspiring book offers a powerful and moving collection of essays, speeches, and other writings on the theme of peace, drawn from a wide range of voices across history and around the world. With its clear and compassionate vision of a more peaceful and harmonious world, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the power of words to inspire social change.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Out from the Shadows
The Bureau of Municipal Research provides a valuable resource for those interested in the history and politics of municipal governance. This book brings together four key reports from the period, exploring topics such as pension legislation, budget systems, and financial history. It will be of interest to historians, researchers, and anyone interested in the development of modern governance systems.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
House Of Commons Papers, Volume 24, Part 3
This volume contains a treasure trove of information on the workings of the British government, including reports on everything from education reform to public health initiatives. The papers provide a fascinating glimpse into the concerns and priorities of 19th-century lawmakers, and shed light on the complex political and economic issues of the day.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Bread and Autocracy
Food has been crucial to the functioning and survival of governments and regimes since the emergence of early states. Yet, only in a few countries is the connection between food and politics as pronounced as in Russia. Since the 1917 Revolution, virtually every significant development in Russian and Soviet history has been either directly driven by or closely associated with the question of food and access to it. In fact, food shortages played a critical role in the collapse of both the Russian Empire and the USSR. Under Putin's watch, Russia moved from heavily relying on grain imports to feed the population to being one of the world's leading food exporters. In Bread and Autocracy, Janetta Azarieva, Yitzhak M. Brudny, and Eugene Finkel focus on this crucial yet widely overlooked transformation, as well as its causes and consequences for Russia's domestic and foreign politics. The authors argue that Russia's food independence agenda is an outcome of a deliberate, decades-long policy to better prepare the country for a confrontation with the West. Moreover, they show that for the Kremlin, nutritional self-sufficiency and domestic food production is a crucial pillar of state security and regime survival. Azarieva, Brudny, and Finkel also make the case that Russia's focus on food independence also sets the country apart from almost all modern autocracies. While many authoritarian regimes have adopted industrial import-substitution policies, in Putin's Russia it is the substitution of food imports with domestically produced crops that is crucial for regime survival. As food reemerges as a key global issue and nations increasingly turn inwards, Bread and Autocracy provides a timely and comprehensive look into Russia's experience in building a nutritionally autarkic dictatorship.
