Contemporary Solutions for Advanced Catalytic Materials with a High Impact on Society
The main aim of this reprint is to highlight the contributions of advanced catalytic materials in the evolution of contemporary society, delivering practical and useful solutions with a positive societal, economic, and environmental impact.
State of the Art in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
This reprint is a compilation of ten publications, including original-research and review articles, and the accompanying editorial within the scope of a Special Issue entitled: "State of the Art in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis" published in Cells.
Bioreactors in Stem Cell Biology
1. Benchtop Bioreactors in Mammalian Cell Culture: Overview and Guidelines Ang矇lique Schmid, Emanuel Kreidl, Martin Bertschinger, and Patrick Vetsch 2. Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient Measurement in a Stirred Tank Reactor Aysegul Inam, Ezgi Rojda Taymaz, Mehmet Emin Uslu, Baris Binay, and Irem Deniz 3. Fabrication Protocol for Thermoplastic Microfluidic Devices: Nanoliter Volumed Bioreactors for Cell Culturing Elif Gencturk, Senol Mutlu, and Kutlu O. Ulgen 4. Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Stirred Tank Bioreactors Marites T. Woon, Puspa R. Pandey, and Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun 5. High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Random Positioning Machine Bioreactors Xiaohua Lei, Chiyuan Ma, Yujing Cao, Yue Xiong, Jian V. Zhang, and Enkui Duan 6. Integrating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion Capability and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Potential in a Microcarrier Suspension Culture Valerie Ho, Gerine Tong, Alan Lam, Shaul Reuveny, and Steve Oh 7. Chemically Defined, Xeno-Free Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on Benchtop-Scale Using a Stirred Single-Use Bioreactor Misha Teale, Valentin Jossen, Dieter Eibl, and Regine Eibl 8. Large-Scale Expansion of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Microcarrier Tablets in Bioreactor Huanye Xu, Zhongxiao Cong, Yuanyuan Zhang, Wei Liu, Xiaojun Yan, and Yanan Du 9. Optimized Method to Improve Cell Activity in 3D Scaffolds under a Dual Real-Time Dynamic Bioreactor System Flavia Pedrini, Moema A. Hausen, and Eliana A.R. Duek 10. In Vitro 3D Mechanical Stimulation to Tendon-Derived Stem Cells by Bioreactor Ziming Chen, Peilin Chen, Rui Ruan, and Minghao Zheng 11. Microcarrier-Supported Culture of Chondrocytes in Continuously Rocked Disposable Bioreactor Kamil Wierzchowski and Maciej Pilarek 12. Tracheal In Vitro Reconstruction Using a Decellularized Bio-Scaffold in Combination with a Rotating Bioreactor Georgia Pennarossa, Matteo Ghiringhelli, Fulvio Gandolfi, and Tiziana A.L. Brevini 13. Bioreactor-Based De-Epithelialization of Long-Segment Tracheal Grafts Alba E. Marin-Araujo, Siba Haykal, and Golnaz Karoubi 14. Production of Extracellular Vesicles Using a CELLine Adherent Bioreactor Flask Anastasiia Artuyants, Vanessa Chang, Gabrielle Reshef, Cherie Blenkiron, Lawrence W. Chamley, Euphemia Leung, and Colin L. Hisey 15. Extracellular Vesicle Collection from Human Stem Cells Grown in Suspension Bioreactors
Handbook on Evolution and Society
"Handbook on Evolution and Society" brings together original chapters by prominent scholars who have been instrumental in the revival of evolutionary theorizing and research in the social sciences over the last twenty-five years. Previously unpublished essays provide up-to-date, critical surveys of recent research and key debates.
Board Review in Preventive Medicine and Public Health
Board Review in Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Second Edition provides an ideal resource for physicians preparing to take the board exams in both preventive medicine and occupational medicine or for those preparing to take the examination to become certified in Public Health. In this new edition, topics have been added to fill any potential gaps in important key concepts. Topics include clinical preventive medicine, health administration, epidemiology, biostatistics, occupational medicine, correctional medicine, aerospace medicine, and much more. This second edition uses the board exam outline supplied by the American Board of Preventive Medicine to help test-takers understand exam topics and components. The primary audience for the book is physicians preparing to take board exams in preventive medicine or occupational medicine. This includes resident physicians taking the exam for the first time, as well as those that are preparing to take the recertifying exam. Similar to physicians, this book can be used by nurse practitioners preparing for their occupational medicine certification exams.
Propagation and reintroduction to its habitat of Metabriggsia ovalifolia W. T. Wang
An efficient protocol providing a dual regeneration pathway via shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis for an endangered species, Metabriggsia ovalifolia W. T. Wang, was established from leaf explants. When applied at 2.5 M, the cytokinins 6-benzyladenine or thidiazuron and the auxins indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid could induce shoots when on basal Murashige and Skoog medium. BA and TDZ at 5-10 M could induce both shoots and somatic embryos. A higher concentration (25 M) of TDZ induced only somatic embryos. The same concentration of BA induced both adventitious shoots and somatic embryos. Somatic embryos germinated easily when left on the same media, but formed adventitious roots in two weeks on MS supplemented with 0.5 M NAA, 0.5 M IBA and 0.1% activated charcoal. Over 90% of plantlets survived following acclimatization and transfer to a mixture of sand and vermiculite (1: 1, v/v) in trays. In the following another test, Leaf and petiole segments derived from 1-year-old transplanted potted plants originally derived from in vitro culture were used to study the effects of plant growth regulators and orientation on the induction of adventitious shoots and roots. Leaf cuttings and petiole segments dipped in 20.0 繕M 6-benzyladenine for 30 min induced the highest number of shoots per explant among the PGRs tested and 1 - 20 繕M indole-3-butyric acid induced more roots than indole-3-acetic acid or α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Leaf cuttings placed abaxial side down induced significantly more adventitious shoots than leaf cuttings placed abaxial side up. More than 95% of plantlets survived when transferred to square plastic trays
Bird From Hell And Other Mega Fauna
The book challenges various "sacred" scientific theories. These include that of the mass extinction of all flying reptiles, numerous orders of swimming reptiles, and the mass extinction of "mega fauna", including the woolly mammoth and the sober toothed cat. As well, the author maintains that there is one species of whale which still has legs, and is currently walking the earth. He also states that the bipedal ape known as "Sasquatch" is also very much alive, and is nothing other than a separate species of human. Readers are invited to take part in locating these huge animals. The directions are clear and simple. The denial of the existence of these animals, by the scientific community, is due to the fact that we live under a state of capitalism. The alternative is scientific socialism. The capitalists must be overthrown and crushed under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat.
Sex, Genes and Rock 'n' Roll
Why are people getting fatter?Why do so many rock stars end up dead at 27?Is there any hope of curbing population growth, rampant consumerism and the environmental devastation they wreak?Evolutionary biologist Rob Brooks argues that the origins of these twenty-first century problems can be found where the ancient forces of evolution collide with modern culture and economics. In Sex, Genes and Rock 'n' Roll Brooks explores a tasting platter of topics, from the frivolous to the tragic - falling in love, making music, our obsession with rock 'n' roll, sexual conflict, fertility, obesity, consumption, ageing and more - illustrating how evolution stands alongside economics, anthropology, psychology and political science in shaping our world.
Dinoflagellate Biology
Dinoflagellates are an important group of aquatic microbial eukaryotes, showing great diversity in life histories, ecological niches, morphology, and pigment composition. They include species with photosynthetic, heterotrophic, symbiotic, mixotrophic, and parasitic lifestyles, and encompass coral symbionts, harmful algal bloom forming species, and important fish parasites. They are present in fossil records that date back several hundred million years. Dinoflagellates include the majority of species that produce marine biotoxins, impacting aquaculture. In recent years, molecular approaches have been applied to understand dinoflagellate biology, including techniques for studying dinoflagellate ecology, physiology, basic genetics, and evolution. This Special Issue, edited by Professor Shauna Murray, is dedicated to the application and development of molecular approaches for enhancing our understanding of dinoflagellate biology.
Nutrition, Diet and Food Allergy
This Special Issue of Nutrients is addressing the topic 'Nutrition, Diet and Food Allergy'. Globally, food allergy affects 1.5% of adults and 5% of children and this prevalence is increasing in recent decades, representing a public health problem.Different mechanisms are involved in food allergic diseases with distinctive clinical characteristics: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated phenotypes will be distinguished in the Issue, considering the early recent literature on the prevalence, age of onset, follow-up recommendations and duration of food allergies.Moreover, the management of these fascinating diseases will be discussed with particular attention on nutritional hazards, risks of allergic reactions to new allergens, problems with missed labelling (precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)). Especially, the dietary restrictions and the re-introduction of allergens lead to a significant burden for affected patients, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, resulting in a reduced quality of life among patients with food allergies.
Genetic Conditions Affecting the Skeleton
In this Special Issue of Genes entitled "Genetic Conditions Affecting the Skeleton: Congenital, Idiopathic Scoliosis and Arthrogryposis", evidence is presented that suggests that congenital, idiopathic scoliosis, and arthrogryposis share similar overlapping, but also distinct, etiopathogenic mechanisms, including connective tissue and neuromuscular mechanisms. Congenital scoliosis (CS) is defined by the presence of an abnormal spinal curvature, due to an underlying vertebral bony malformation (VM). Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is defined by the presence of an abnormal structural spinal curvature of >=10 degrees in the sagittal plane, in the absence of an underlying VM. Arthrogryposis is defined by the presence of congenital contractures in two or more joints of the appendicular skeleton. All three conditions have complex genetic causes. This Special Issue highlights the complex nature of these conditions and current concepts in our approach to better understand their genetics.
Frontiers of Targeted Therapy and Predictors of Treatment Response in Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an incurable connective tissue disease with an unclear etiology characterized by vasculopathy, dysregulation of the immune response, and progressive tissue fibrosis affecting the skin, lungs, digestive tract, heart, and kidneys. The collection of six original research manuscripts and five review articles included in this book highlights the most recent advances in this field and provides further elucidation of the pathogenesis, natural disease course, and treatment of this challenging disease.
Vitamins C and D
The global coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the paramount importance of immune health and the nutrient status of peoples worldwide. Vitamins C and D have important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems and are known to support healthy immune function. Both vitamins C and D have gene regulatory roles with the ability to up- and down-regulate thousands of genes, thus playing pleotropic roles in human health and disease. People from low- and middle-income countries tend to have inadequate micronutrient intakes and status, as do specific subgroups from high-income countries. This can affect their resistance to both communicable and non-communicable diseases and the severity of these diseases. In this Special Issue, we have compiled review articles and research papers (both observational and interventional studies) that explore the role of vitamins C and D in numerous aspects of global and population health.
Phenolic Compounds in Food
Phenolic compounds in food such as fruits, vegetables, wine, spices, and oils have been characterized and their possible effects on human health has been studied in depth. Several technological aspects have also been considered concerning the sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds, the long-term storage effects, and the influence of fermentation and boiling techniques on their properties.
Molecular Mechanism and Application of Somatic Cell Cloning in Mammals
The primary objective of this book is to provide the current status of and new data on the molecular mechanisms affecting the efficacy of somatic cell cloning, but also insightful interpretations of the topical and coming trends in the exploration of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles for nuclear donor cells, nuclear recipient oocytes and SCNT-derived embryos. Comprehensively deciphering the crucial molecular scenarios responsible for inter-genomic, inter-epigenomic, inter-transcriptomic and inter-proteomic communication within the framework of the aforementioned scenarios might be a milestone giving rise to the enhancements in the extra- and intracorporeal epigenetic reprogrammabilities of donor cell nuclei in nuclear-transferred oocytes, embryos, conceptuses and neonates. In turn, this might allow us to use SCNT-mediated ARTs in such research fields as biotechnology, transgenics, medicine, and biopharmacology, as well as scientific efforts targeted at designing the in vitro and in vivo models of molecular and epigenomic landscapes specific for inheritable and acquired disorders in humans and other mammalian species.
Filter-Feeding in Marine Invertebrates
Filter-feeding in marine invertebrates is a big and important research subject, which cannot be even approximately covered by the present six articles. But although these articles deal with a limited and rather random selection of both topics and filter-feeding species, they give an update of certain aspects of important ongoing research. The articles deal with many topics, such as: filtration rates, energy budgets, growth rates, bioenergetic modeling, filter-pump design, particle-capture mechanisms, functional morphology, and hydrodynamics studied in sponges, jellyfish, mussels, and other filter-feeding marine invertebrates. This makes the Special Issue relevant for all marine biologists.
Biocatalytic Applications in Biotechnology
At present, the increasing demand for novel biotechnological products is supported through the continuous development of biocatalytic applications. As a consequence, the progress of research regarding enzymatic catalysis in aqueous, non-aqueous, organic (polar or non-polar), and/or non-solvent media is decisive. Experimental design methods, which also may comprise in silico studies, the design of specific reactors and conditions, the reactions of significant chemical and/or biochemical processes that are relevant to industrial production, enzyme kinetic methods, the investigation of enzymatic mechanisms and the use of immobilized enzymes and/or microbial cells on various inert matrices, are all useful. A plethora of enzymes of several classes, which may potentially be used as biocatalysts in biotechnological applications, are available. Among these enzymes, the more common are oxidoreductases (laccase, catalase, glucose oxidase, etc.), hydrolases (amylases, lipases, proteases, amidases, cellulases, esterases, etc.), isomerases (epimerases, topoisomerases, mutases, etc.), and others. By means of the aforementioned biocatalysts and the utilization of specific biotechnological methods, important, cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly processes have been applied for the synthesis and/or the conversion of a huge number of market-required products.
Antimicrobial Peptides Aka Host Defense Peptides
This Special Issue reprint will address the most current and innovative developments in the field of HDP research across a range of topics, such as structure and function analysis, modes of action, anti-microbial effects, cell and animal model systems, the discovery of novel host-defense peptides, and drug development.
Carcass and Meat Quality in Ruminants
Dear Colleagues, Ruminant production systems are very important in many areas of the world and a key aspect of the economy and culture. Food quality is a complex term that includes, in addition to safety, such intrinsic characteristics as appearance, color, texture, and flavor, which are modified by both pre- and post-mortem factors. For this Special Issue, we included studies on any of these factors or preservation methods for improving the quality and shelf-life of meat. We also collected manuscripts on carcass development, quality, and valorization. We are interested in applied research and the interaction between pre- and post-mortem factors, e.g., nutrition and preservation methods for improving the quality and conservation of a carcass and meat, and methods for assessing carcass quality (ultrasound, image analysis, etc.). However, manuscripts related to the extrinsic characteristics (origin, quality labels, price, etc.) of a carcass or meat do not fall into the scope of this Special Issue.
Hot and Cold Theory: The Path Towards Personalized Medicine
This book is about the theory of Hot and Cold, a mutual fundamental base of traditional medicines all around the world. The theory describes the dynamic balance state of the body on the axis of hot and cold for each individual and proposes the fact that deviation from this equilibrium is a predisposing factor for diseases. Such an approach helps practitioners to provide treatments tailored to the patient's condition, not the disease. This book, for the first time, has gathered native descriptions of Hot and Cold theory in different traditional medicines, including traditional Chinese medicine, Persian (Humoral, Unani) medicine, Ayurvedic medicine and Latin American and Caribbean medicines. After defining the common ground, contemporary research - in nutrition, pharmacology, physiology and systems biology - has been explored using scientific methodology. This work is the result of an international collaboration of more than 30 scientists and scholars with high reputations intheir fields. Hot and Cold theory, as a holistic individualized approach in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, can be merged into the novel fast-paced concepts in systems biology and precision medicine. Through this bridge, the authors propose that the Hot and Cold theory should be revisited more deeply by medical scientists, who are the main audience of this book, to pave the way towards integrated holistic personalized medicine.
Research on Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in China
Researchers have made great progress in the mechanism of mycotoxins biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and the construction of detection methods. This collection holds fundamental and applied research on pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins in China, which directly or indirectly affect the health of plants, animals, and humans. Some papers mainly study the mechanism of mycotoxin biosynthesis, including the crucial genes, environmental factors, and regulation mechanisms, which is beneficial to advancing our knowledge of this area. Some papers focus on the toxicity of mycotoxins, which is helpful to the detoxification of mycotoxins and the reduction of the hazardous effect of mycotoxins. Special attention is given to the leading detection methods, especially on-site rapid detection. These effective and feasible methods are important for discovering and controlling the risk of mycotoxins.
Dragonflies and Damselflies
This research level text documents the latest advances in odonate biology and relates these to a broader ecological and evolutionary research agenda. Despite being one of the smallest insect orders, dragonflies offer a number of advantages for both laboratory and field studies. In fact, they continue to make a crucial contribution to the advancement of our broader understanding of insect ecology and evolution. This new edition provides a critical summary of the major advances in these fields. The editors have carefully assembled a fresh set of contributions from a diverse geographic mix of both junior and senior researchers in dragonfly biology to offer new perspectives and paradigms as well as additional, unpublished data. These include theoretical and applied chapters (including those addressing conservation and monitoring) as well as a balance of emerging (e.g. molecular evolution) and established research topics, providing suggestions for future study in each case. This accessible text is not about dragonflies per se but is an essential source of knowledge that describes how different sets of evolutionary and ecological principles and ideas have been tested on a particular taxon. Dragonflies and Damselflies is suitable for graduate students and researchers in entomology, evolutionary biology, population and behavioural ecology, community ecology, and conservation biology. It will be of particular interest and use to those working on insects and an indispensable reference text for odonate biologists.
The Readable Darwin
Darwin's The Origin of Species is one of the most influential books ever written. It is essential reading for anyone interested in biology, evolution, the natural world, or the history of scientific thought. However, the book can be difficult to follow. The sentences and paragraphs are lengthy, and Darwin often references people and ideas unfamiliar to contemporary readers. The Readable Darwin translates the sixth and final edition of Darwin's The Origin of Species (1872) into clear, engaging prose. Whereas the first edition of The Readable Darwin includes the first eight chapters of Darwin's book, this new edition presents all fifteen chapters of The Origin of Species and features over 100 illustrations. The Readable Darwin begins by discussing artificial selection, demonstrating that selection for new traits can indeed be made to occur, even within our lifetimes. It then presents evidence for natural selection derived from developmental traits and the geological record. Throughout, Pechenik painstakingly revises Darwin's prose. He breaks up long paragraphs, shortens and reorganizes sentences, and replaces weak verbs with strong ones. Footnotes clarify concepts, define terms, and identify the many historical figures Darwin mentions. The Origin of Species is a foundational work of scholarship in the biological sciences. It documents the remarkable diversity of life on earth and is a wonderful example of honest and logical scientific thinking. The Readable Darwin brings this groundbreaking book to life for readers of all backgrounds while remaining true to the original text.
Polyphenolic Compounds in Wine and Beer
This reprint describes the polyphenolic composition of wine and beer, with a special emphasis on extractive and analytical aspects. Furthermore, the effects of wine and beer polyphenols on human health are studied in the depth.
Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
The clinical spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is highly heterogeneous, ranging from mild disease, which can be limited to skin and joint involvement, to life-threatening conditions with renal impairment, severe cytopenias, central nervous system disease, and thromboembolic events. Apart from the host genetics, several environmental factors, such as sunlight, infections, drugs, and probably hormonal factors, can trigger the onset of symptoms related to SLE. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and optimization of medical care, patients with SLE still have significant rates of premature mortality and many patients experience severe disease with increased risk of sustaining organ damage and having a reduced health-related quality of life. The development of effective drugs that can induce remission or low disease activity, the unanimous use of definitions of remission and low or high disease activity, flare, and response to therapy, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers of disease activity and long-term outcomes, and the implementation of SLE patients' perspectives as an integral part of the clinical assessment constitute only a few of the many unmet needs in the field of SLE.
Feature Papers in Food Chemistry
This reprint collects high-quality manuscripts with a focus on food composition, with special emphasis on chemical characterization, the content of bioactive molecules, contaminants, and analytical aspects. The roles of variety, cultivation, growing conditions, and technological processes on the nutritional quality of foods have been investigated. Studies dealing with the biological activity and health benefits of bioactive food molecules have been also considered.
Various Applications of Methods and Elements of Adaptive Optics
This volume is focused on a wide range of topics, including adaptive optic components and tools, wavefront sensing, different control algorithms, astronomy, and propagation through turbulent and turbid media.
Strategies to Improve Antineoplastic Activity of Drugs in Cancer Progression
The aim of this Special Issue is to collect reports regarding all the recent strategies, directed at the improvement of antineoplastic activity of drugs in cancer progression, engaging all the expertise needed for the development of new anticancer drugs: medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, and computational and drug delivery studies.
Ecology and Diversity of Marine Decapods
This book is a collection of papers on different aspects of the diversity and ecology of marine decapod crustaceans, including integrative taxonomy and genetic diversity, DNA barcoding to match larvae to adults, predator-prey interaction, coral-crab symbiosis, Sargassum-shrimp symbiosis, population dynamics of pelagic shrimps, diversity and distribution of oceanic larvae, spatial distribution of crabs, biodiversity of lobsters, and ecology of cave decapods. These contributions illustrate the variety of life forms, habitat use, and interspecific relationships exhibited by decapod crustaceans, one of the most diverse and abundant marine taxa.
Understanding Life in the Universe
The two most fascinating questions about extraterrestrial life are where it is found and what it is like. In particular, from our Earth-based vantage point, we are keen to know where the closest life to us is, and how similar it might be to life on our home planet. This book deals with both of these key issues. It considers possible homes for life, with a focus on Earth-like exoplanets. And it examines the possibility that life elsewhere might be similar to life here, due to the existence of parallel environments, which may result in Darwinian selection producing parallel trees of life between one planet and another. Understanding Life in the Universe provides an engaging and myth-busting overview for any reader interested in the existence and nature of extraterrestrial life, and the realistic possibility of discovering credible evidence for it in the near future.
Transcriptome and Genome Analyses Applied to Aquaculture Research
Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.
Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Michael Weber’s 70th Birthday
Still, only a tiny fraction of PDT's potential has been realized in the clinical practice guideline. Nevertheless, multiple contributions from all over the world emphasize the importance of PDT and signal that there is much more to expect!
Plant Therapeutics
This Special Issue provides recent advances in the use of plants for therapeutic purposes. This Special Issue collected the plants, including leaf, fruit, and others. This Special Issue's targets were crude plant extract and active principle purified from the plant. This Special Issue prompted researchers to provide each plant discovery. We are pleased to include in this Special Issue the screened Mexican plants and the halophytic plants growing in central Saudi Arabia, and so on. As a result, we have sparked scientists' interest in studying the plant for therapeutic purposes. This field necessitates network pharmacology analysis and machine-aided learning. Many disorders resistant to modern medication are looking for active principles isolated from the plants all over the world.
Pseudorabies Virus
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an important swine pathogen that impacts swine industry worldwide. PRV belongs to the alphaherpes virus subfamily of the herpesviruses that has been widely used as a model herpes virus. Most recently, PRV has been reported sporadically spillover into human and other animals. This book collects the newest advances in the field of pseudorabies virus research, including critical reviews and research on viral evolution, replication, virus-host interaction, pathogenesis and immunity, and novel antiviral strategies.
Ocular Surface Infection and Antimicrobials
This reprint collates papers from a Special Issue of the journal Antibiotics, which was entitled "Ocular surface Infection and Antimicrobials". The papers cover aspects such as common microbes which cause ocular infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics; how guidelines for antibiotic use can translate to improved patient compliance; how bacteria respond to antibiotics; and lastly, new treatments and ways of preventing ocular surface infections.
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis
The book highlights the importance of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in the signalling mechanism between gut microbiota and brain, also referred to as the gut-brain axis. A stable gut microbiota is essential for normal gut physiology and overall health, since it assists in proper signalling along the brain-gut axis. The book describes how the cross talks between gut microbiota and brain, not only regulate gastro-intestinal functions but also ensure proper functioning of cognitive behaviour and immunological functions. The various chapters describe probiotic microorganisms that colonize gastrointestinal tract and provide an array of health benefits to the host. It further elaborates about certain non-digestible oligosaccharides (prebiotics) are easily fermented by specialist microbes in the gut, to produce health-promoting metabolites and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. This book is useful for students, researchers and scientists in the field of microbiology, food science and nutrition. It is also meant for industry experts involved in developing nutraceuticals.
Digital Cultures
David Kergel explores the questions of how free and self-determined we are in the digital age, whether the Internet encloses us or whether it opens up new spaces for diversity and education. The starting point is the thesis that the Internet is both heritage and future: postmodern spaces of freedom and neoliberal fixations of the electronic age unfold in the ubiquitous cultural space that digital media span. At the same time, the Internet restructures social spaces in the 'analog world', digitalizes self/world relations or forms digital cultures, which in turn form ourselves. For dealing with the ambivalence of the Internet between postmodern diversity and neoliberal subjectification, an understanding of media education based on educational theory is proposed. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Kulturen des Digitalen by David Kergel, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2018. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology
In recent research on natural processes, mathematical modeling has become a very useful tool. It is often the case that, in fields such as economics and biology, a temporal lag between cause and effect must often be taken into consideration. In modeling, a natural and practical implementation of this phenomenon is through the use of distributed delays. This is because they illustrate the situation where temporal lags arise in certain ranges of values for certain related probability distributions, taking into account the variables' entire history of behavior. Another mathematical tool that allows for the memory and inherited properties of systems to be encompassed in a model is the replacement of integer-order derivatives with fractional derivatives. To address realistic conditions, stochastic perturbation framed by a stochastic differential delay system can be used to explain the ambiguity about the context in which the system operates. The present book comprises all the 16 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue "Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology" of the MDPI journal Mathematics, with focuses on the dynamical analysis of mathematical models, arising from economy and biology, and innovative developments in mathematical techniques for their applications. We expect that the international scientific community will find this collection of research papers influential and that they will spur additional investigations on diverse applications with respect to dynamical systems in all scientific areas.
Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy
The Special Issue "Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy" was edited by Dr Hiten D. Mistry, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK and Dr Eun D. Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
Embryo Implantation and Placental Development
This book aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms of embryo implantation and placental development, as well as at present an overview of the current knowledge on the different signaling pathways regulating the early steps of implantation and placentation, and on the pathological alterations which may impair the establishment of a physiological pregnancy.
Eve
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - WOMEN'S PRIZE FOR NON-FICTION FINALIST - THE REAL ORIGIN OF OUR SPECIES: a myth-busting, eye-opening landmark account of how humans evolved, offering a paradigm shift in our thinking about what the female body is, how it came to be, and how this evolution still shapes all our lives today "A page-turning whistle-stop tour of mammalian development that begins in the Jurassic Era, Eve recasts the traditional story of evolutionary biology by placing women at its center.... The book is engaging, playful, erudite, discursive and rich with detail." --Sarah Lyall, The New York Times "A smart, funny, scientific deep-dive into the power of a woman's body, Eve surprises, educates, and emboldens."--Bonnie Garmus, #1 New York Times best-selling author of Lessons in Chemistry How did the female body drive 200 million years of human evolution? - Why do women live longer than men? - Why are women more likely to get Alzheimer's? - Why do girls score better at every academic subject than boys until puberty, when suddenly their scores plummet? - Is sexism useful for evolution? - And why, seriously why, do women have to sweat through our sheets every night when we hit menopause? These questions are producing some truly exciting science - and in Eve, with boundless curiosity and sharp wit, Cat Bohannon covers the past 200 million years to explain the specific science behind the development of the female sex: "We need a kind of user's manual for the female mammal. A no-nonsense, hard-hitting, seriously researched (but readable) account of what we are. How female bodies evolved, how they work, what it really means to biologically be a woman. Something that would rewrite the story of womanhood. This book is that story. We have to put the female body in the picture. If we don't, it's not just feminism that's compromised. Modern medicine, neurobiology, paleoanthropology, even evolutionary biology all take a hit when we ignore the fact that half of us have breasts. So it's time we talk about breasts. Breasts, and blood, and fat, and vaginas, and wombs--all of it. How they came to be and how we live with them now, no matter how weird or hilarious the truth is." Eve is not only a sweeping revision of human history, it's an urgent and necessary corrective for a world that has focused primarily on the male body for far too long. Picking up where Sapiens left off, Eve will completely change what you think you know about evolution and why Homo sapiens has become such a successful and dominant species.
Principles of Immunology
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord With Special Reference to Mechanism and Function for Students and Practitioners
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The Analysis of Sensations and the Relation of the Physical to the Psychical. Translated From the 1st German ed. by C.M. Williams; rev. and Supplemented From the 5th German ed. by Sydney Waterlow
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Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine
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Genetic Theory of Reality
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Tracts On The Natural History Of Animals And Vegetables; Volume 1
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Fatigue Study, the Elimination of Humanity's Greatest Unnecessary Waste
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