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STUDIES ON BLAST DISEASE OF PEARL MILLET[Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br]
Pearl millet, a crucial cereal crop, suffers from various diseases, including blast, which affects fodder quality and production. The disease causes economic losses and devastation to the crop. Investigations were conducted at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University to understand the factors such as host range, resistant source, environmental conditions, and crop management.The study found that P. grisea can produce the highest blast disease intensity on barley hosts after seven, fourteen, and twenty-one days of inoculation. The next host was napier grass, but P. grisea was not able to infect sorghum hosts even twenty days after inoculation. The study also found that the minimum blast disease intensity was 63.27% in July, and the maximum was 72.49% in July. The study also found that weather factors had different effects on the progress of blast disease, with the minimum 19.22% disease intensity and highest reduction recorded by tricyclazole.
Insects Associated With Rice Cultivation
Insect pests of rice are a very serious threat to rice production (irrigated and rainfed) in the Far North region of Cameroon, and have not received the attention they deserve as a major constraint to rice production in Africa. Rice is an ideal host plant for many insect species. All parts of the plant are attacked, from the roots to the developing seeds. Most of these insect pests belong to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Some of them are chewers, while others are sucking biters.
Composition, Richness and Forest Productivity of a Tropical Forest
By means of a previous study of the municipality of the canton of San Pablo, it was determined, by means of the method of Gentry (1982) the amount of forest mass that integrates a part of this municipality, since this, in a technique that determines us with greater precision the amount of timber and non-timber species that integrate this type of forest. In this respect, the vertical and horizontal structure of the analyzed forest will be known, and the respective conclusions will be designed for each index, and the species that for some reason predominate in the examined area will be shown.
The Impact of Fermentation on PAHs Levels in Artemisia Annua Extracts
This study assessed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fermented leaf extracts of Artemisia annua, a medicinal plant known for its antimalarial and skin benefits. With the plant's growing use in Nigerian traditional medicine, we explored how fermentation, which enhances bioactive compounds, affects PAH levels-known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic risks. Leaves were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying 24 PAH compounds, including Naphthalene and Anthracene. The results showed that fermentation can alter PAH profiles, with some compounds exhibiting increased concentrations that may pose health risks if consumed excessively. While fermentation may enhance therapeutic properties, it also raises safety concerns regarding PAH contamination in medicinal plants, underscoring the need for careful regulation in traditional medicine practices.
Ferns
Welcome to the extraordinary world of ferns - plants that have survived since prehistoric times! Ferns are the most remarkable of plants, both complex and beautiful. Among Earth's most ancient plants, their story reveals much about our planet's history. Ferns embarks on an exhilarating 400-million-year journey through the world of these astounding plants. It explores how ferns first evolved, how they continuously adapted to their environment and survived every mass extinction, how they enrich human life but can also be fatal, and what their evolutionary history can tell us about our own planet. Written by scientists with a passion for communicating with the widest audiences and illustrated with jewel-like details by an award-winning botanical artist, Ferns has much to say about our planet's botanical past, present, and future. This beautiful coffee table book is the perfect gift for fern enthusiasts and gardeners alike.
Ferns and Lycophytes from Lajinha Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The general aim of this study was to catalogue the species of pteridophytes that occur in Lajinha Park, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All the species were categorised in terms of life form, a dichotomous key was made to identify the species and brief descriptions of the generic and infrageneric taxa were drawn up. A total of 45 species were found, distributed among 24 genera.
Phytochemical Profiling of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina
This study focuses on the phytochemical profiling of the aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant recognized for its extensive medicinal applications in traditional medicine. The objective was to identify and quantify key phytochemicals using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) analysis, which offers a comprehensive approach to assess the chemical composition of plant extracts. The leaves were collected, dried, and subjected to aqueous extraction to maximize the retention of bioactive compounds while ensuring environmental sustainability. The extraction process was optimized to enhance yield and efficacy, followed by a detailed phytochemical screening using various analytical techniques. The results demonstrated the presence of a diverse array of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which are associated with various pharmacological effects. Quantitative analysis revealed that the extract is particularly rich in flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, and alkaloids, recognized for their potential therapeutic effects against a range of diseases.
Introduction to Saffron Crop
Saffron (Crocus sativus, Iridaceae) plant grows in a moderate temperature, prone to water logging & propagates through corms. This reddish-orange coloured spice has a pleasing fragrance, flavour and taste. This herb's stigma and style part yields Saffron of commerce having unique combinations of Phytochemicals viz Crocin, Crocetin, Picrocrocin, Safranal etc. also contributes to their medicinal qualities. Saffron has a rich history of usage in various ancient scriptures. It is native of south Europe and found growing in Iran, India, Spain, France, Greece, Argentina, USA, Japan, Macedonia, Austria, Italy, China, Germany, Switzerland etc. Restricted growth, climate and labour-intensive traditional cultivation makes it difficult to grow. Addition to that; issues of climate change, urbanisation, inclining towards cash crops, poor technical advancements & market awareness has shifted the growers' interests. Around 150000 flowers are required to yield 1kg of Saffron; making it an expensive spice. Several countries have established various cultivation strategies for sustainable yield, maintaining quality & to expand geographical areas. Book includes case study of Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Design of actions to improve the agricultural marketing process
With the purpose of proposing a set of actions to improve the bean marketing process, this work was carried out in informal markets in Oshomokyo and Germany, in the period between February and May 2022. This study was considered exploratory-descriptive because of its nature. characteristics, it was possible to describe a population, to know the behavior and qualities of the consumer in relation to the products and to have knowledge about the tendency of supply and demand. A non-experimental design was used, using observation and scientific research. Field data were collected in informal markets where 8 randomly selected consumers (customers) and 11 vendors were interviewed, 6 in Germany and 5 in Oshomokyo. The information collected was processed using tables and graphs in Microsoft Word and Excel for Windows 10. According to the results: The marketing of beans whether it works under the sales model: producer-copier or middleman-wholesaler and consumer.
Design of Different Intraspecific Mixtures in Maize Genotypes
The design of intraspecific mixtures in maize genotypes is a process of combining different maize varieties using different tools and techniques with the purpose of improving resistance to diseases and pests, obtaining a sustainable production and reducing the indiscriminate use of chemicals and synthetics in such a way as to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems in the long term.
Rice
Rice is a monocotyledonous plant in the Grass or Poaceae family. Cultivated rice belongs to two botanical species of the Oryza genus(Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). The most widely cultivated species is Oryza sativa L, which is diploid, self-pollinating and native to South and Southeast Asia (Second, 1982). Its domestication fromOryza rufigon in India and China dates back over 10,000 years. Europeans introduced Asian rice to Africa from the fifteenth century and later to America. The Oryza glaberrima species, also known as African rice or Casamance rice, originated in Central Africa and has been domesticated in West Africa for 3,500 years. A third rice species, resulting from a cross between Oryza sativa L (Asian rice) and Oryza glaberrima (African rice), is cultivated in Africa and the rest of the world: the "New African Rice" or NERICA. Its germplasm offers real hope for improving the productivity, profitability and sustainability of rice growing in Africa.
Proposal for a climate variable information system
This work is carried out in the municipality of Cuanhama, Cunene Province, where the historical behavior of some climatic variables was analyzed: such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and precipitation during a historical period of ten years (2013-2022) and compared with the year 2023. This research was conducted with information received from the Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication. National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Provincial Meteorological Department of Cunene, where data on maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were obtained for 11 years. The average maximum temperature of the year analyzed (2023) had a value of 31.58 簞C, being lower than the historical average, to which I put an annual average value of 34.7 簞C. The minimum humidity in the year analyzed was 17.2 簞C higher than the historical average (13.3 簞C), the relative humidity of the historical average 52.7% was higher than that of the analyzed year 34.0%, rainfall in both cases was low although that of the historical average (37.5 mm) was higher than that of the year 2023 (32.6 mm).
Foliar application as a smart agriculture tool
The use of nanotechnology as a fertilizer has been suggested in various researches as a tool for promoting progressive nutrients use efficiency, lessening nutrients losses through water irrigation and volatilization and enhancing crop yield stability, then reduce the need for frequent fertilizer applications and consequently decrease the total costs. Nano-fertilizers and foliar fertilization as smart tools for the focus of attention at present smart agriculture applications, because using nano-fertilizers foliar spraying lead to improving yield and quality as well as mitigating biotic and a biotic stresses and reducing the environmental pollution which can support global food productivity sustainably to enhance field crops productivity.
Impact of Weather and Field Life-Tables of Chickpea Pod Borer
The incidence of H. armigera in second generation was noticed in second week of February (7th SMW). The data revealed that 19.45 % eggs did not hatch into the larvae due to the reason of sterility (Table No.6). In Early instar larvae to the extent of 0.51% were died by unknown reasons, 0.40 % due to NPV and 5.50 % due to C. chlorideae. The mortality of late instar larvae to the extent of 3.42 and 9.60% was observed due to Apanteles spp. and G. halli, respectively. The pupal mortality was observed due to G. halli (6.57%). The zero trend index revealed that the population of H. armigera infesting chickpea was ceased after second generation. The generation survival was recorded 0.76.It is evident from Table No.7 that maximum mortality of H. armigera was observed in the eggs stage (K= 0.0939) followed by late instar larvae (K = 0.0579) and pupal stage (K= 0.0305) and early instar larvae (K=0.0286). The total 'K' for all the life-stages was 0.5119. It indicates from the observations on H. armigera infesting chickpea during Rabi 2020-21 that egg sterility and G. halli, NPV and C. chlorideae were found to be key mortality factors of H. armigera.
Effect of Nutrient Management on Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
A field experiment was carried out at College Farm of NM College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the "Effect of nutrient management on summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under south Gujarat condition" during summer season of 2022. The experiment consisted of ten treatments and it was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The details of treatments are as T1 (100% RDF 50-25-00 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha), T2 (Castor Cake 1 t/ha), T3 (Bio compost 2.5 t/ha), T4 [Jivamrut 500 l/ha per irrigation (at 1st, 2nd and 3rd irrigation)], T5 (75% RDF + Castor Cake 1 t/ha), T6(75% RDF + Bio compost 2.5 t/ha), T7 [75% RDF ] Jivamru 500 l/ha per irrigation (at 1st, 2nd and 3rd irrigation)], T8 (50% RDF + Castor Cake 1 t/ha ), T9 (50% RDF + Bio compost 2.5 t/ha) and T10 [(50% RDF ] Jivamrut 500 l/ha per irrigation (at 1st,2nd and 3rd irrigation)].
Biological Studies on Mites Associated with Stored Products
The Acari includes a large and economic group of arthropods (especially those of Astigmata) which are found commonly in stored products, where they cause injury by feeding and creating, in many instances, difficult contamination problems. Mites frequently cause concern in premises where foods are stored, as well as damaging and tainting food materials and rendering them unpalatable, unpleasant in taste or smell. Such tainted foods are unacceptable or unattractive to human and livestock use, they also can cause irritation or dermatitis. Moreover, mites of stored products are known to cause various diseases to workers handling infested commodities or lead to gastric disorders in animals that eat infested Astigmatid mites associated with stored food are of great economic importance. In the past, the destructive role of mites has never been overshadowed because mites are so small that they are hard to see with the naked eye. But recently, with the developing of examination tools it is easy to discover infestations even when only a few numbers of mites are present.
The Blue Frontier
The Blue Frontier: Aquabusiness and Aquapreneurship for Sustainable Development explores the growing aquaculture industry and the emerging opportunities for entrepreneurs, or "aquapreneurs," who are innovating to drive sustainability in aquatic resource management. The book covers sustainable aquaculture practices, the economic dynamics of aquabusiness, and the role of entrepreneurship in addressing food security and environmental challenges. It highlights innovative business models, cutting-edge technologies like smart aquaculture, and the regulatory frameworks that shape the industry. Through real-world case studies, the book provides insights into successful aquapreneurs who balance profitability with environmental responsibility. It serves as a practical guide for students, professionals, and entrepreneurs looking to understand and engage with aquabusiness while contributing to global sustainable development goals.
A Guide of Wild Medicinal Plants in Shalateen - Halayeb Area
Shalateen-Halayib area is a region located in the far south eastern Egypt on the African side of the Red Sea, with an area of 35,600 square kilometers, is located between latitudes 22 and 23.30 and longitude 34.5 and 37. This area is characterized by the enormous of plant diversity of its content mountains and valleys of the region and different environments of plant species in the region, where the numbers reach to 350 species. Many of these plants with medical importance, for example: Aerva javanica - Acacia etbaica - Acacia tortilis - Balanites aegyptiaca - Hyphaene thebaica - Moringa peregrine - Rhus tripartita - Solenostemma argel. So, there is an urgent need to document the medicinal and aromatic plants and traditional knowledge associated. One of the book objectives is to maximize the economic returns of wild medicinal plants in the region through the definition and identification of important species and aims to define, the environmental conditions of these plants for their conversation and cultivation while maintaining its economic value.
The garden of the Itaoca Women's Movement
The work O HORTO DO MOVIMENTO MULHERES DA ITAOCA: SUA CONTRIBUI??O PARA A SA?DE E DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIAL is the result of a great deal of experiential work focused on gathering information about the routine work of this movement, which has been bringing about positive changes in the daily lives of a group of people working on the project. The work values popular culture, describing the effects of various species of medicinal plants on human health, among other aspects. We wish you, the reader, a great read and hope that with this work we can contribute in some way to the preservation of this culture that is intertwined with the history of humanity: the use of medicinal plants.
Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by lead and cadmium
Soil contamination by heavy metals is a serious environmental problem resulting from industrial activities. Soil is usually contaminated by the decantation of waste produced by industrial and domestic effluents, generally releasing chromium, cadmium, arsenic, barium, mercury and lead. Among these heavy metals, lead and cadmium have received the most scientific research due to the high levels of contamination found in some Brazilian states. Phytoremediation has proved to be a viable alternative for treating these contaminated soils. In this sense, the use of castor bean genotypes could help develop programmes and projects aimed at decontaminating medium and large areas contaminated by the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb).
Crop Production
The purpose of this work is to master the theoretical foundations and practical skills in the selection and implementation of certain technological methods in the cultivation of major crops.The main attention is paid to the main field crops cultivated in Kazakhstan. In this regard, of particular importance is the specialists' knowledge of biological features that allow, taking into account the weather conditions of a particular year to apply technological methods that provide more favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants of field crops.
Agricultural drainage and sanitation course
Since it was invented by the Romans, the art of drainage has been constantly perfected and has become indispensable for agricultural development.Tunisia, where many arable lands are subject to intense problems such as rising water tables and permanent water stagnation, is trying to remedy these problems by relying on drainage techniques (surface or underground) to create a favorable environment for plant development and improve the profitability of farmland.
FORESTRY HARVESTING AND MANAGEMENT ON 100 ha OF TROPICAL MOIST FOREST
Since ancient times, man has continuously used wood as a material for the construction of tools and structures, and to obtain by-products generated in the production that have been and are important for the development of society (latex, pulp mills, medicine).The intensive use of forest resources has had and still has harmful effects on the environment; there is a drastic reduction of green areas worldwide due to the exploitation of jungles and forests without applying reforestation programs; there are also areas that are impossible to recover and there are species of fauna and flora that are in danger of extinction and already extinct. Most forest harvesting is done for industrial purposes, some for ornamental purposes, although they are becoming increasingly important, and very few are based on the maintenance of the natural environment.
Problems of the cultivated olive tree south of the Saharan Atlas (Laghouat)
The olive tree has remarkable hardiness and plasticity, enabling it to produce under difficult conditions (adaptation to a wide range of soils and insufficient irrigation), but its productivity is still limited by several biotic and abiotic factors. With the return of spring, diseases and pests are back in the spotlight.Our work was carried out in an olive orchard in the Bennacer Ben Chohra area to assess the state of health of this orchard and determine the biotic and abiotic constraints influencing its development. The planting success rate is 99.02%.Several pests were identified: Otiorhynchus cibricollis (86.27%), psyllid Euphyllura olivina (82.35%), olive moth Prays olae (80.39%) and olive thrips Liothrips oleae (9.80%).Water stress and deficiencies in essential elements were also observed, with rates of 91.18% and 52.94% simultaneously.Lack of orchard maintenance and the absence of controlled irrigation are among the most suspected causes hampering the proper development of our orchard.
Agro-productive performance of beans with organic fertilizers
In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilizer on agro-productive indicators in bean crops(Phaseolus vulgaris L) as indicator plant in a mine in the locality of Caxilla III, municipality of Cuanhama, Cunene Province, in Angola, this experiment was conducted in the months between February and June 2023. The experiment was carried out in open field conditions where a randomized block experimental design was used in a factorial scheme of four treatments each with three replications. The treatments used were organic fertilizer from bovine manure (5.0; 10.0 and 30.0 kg.m2), and a testimonial without application. The variables evaluated were: plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves, number of pods per plant, pod length, weight of 100 cements and yield per plot. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the statistical program Statgraphics 5.1. For the economic valuation, the following economic indices were calculated: production cost (Akz), production value (Akz) and profit. The best result was T3.
Probiotic bacillus coagulans
The use of probiotics in aquaculture has become a popular strategy to enhance growth, health, and disease resistance in various fish and shellfish species. Among these, Bacillus coagulans, a lactic acid-producing bacterium, has shown remarkable promise due to its ability to survive harsh environmental conditions, including high temperatures and the acidic environment of the gut. This resilience allows it to exert probiotic effects more effectively compared to other bacteria that may be less stable in the aquaculture environment. One of the primary benefits of Bacillus coagulans is its role in promoting growth performance in aquatic animals. This probiotic aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients by producing various enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, and lipases. These enzymes break down complex nutrients into simpler forms, making them easier for the host animal to absorb, ultimately leading to improved feed conversion rates and enhanced growth. Studies have shown that fish and shrimp supplemented with Bacillus coagulans in their diet often display faster growth rates and greater weight gain compared to those on non-supplemented diets.
Preparation of Wine from Beetroot & Yacon & Its Quality Evaluation
This book is the culmination of Rupesh Parajuli's thesis research, which explores the use of locally available fruits, Yacon and Beetroot, in wine production. Aimed at producing high-quality wine while addressing the challenge of utilizing surplus fruit harvests, the study emphasizes resource efficiency and the potential for value addition in agriculture. By combining scientific methods with sustainable practices, this work offers insights into creating premium products from underutilized fruits, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of food technology and agricultural innovation.
Optimising Aquaculture Business
The book aims to address pressing challenges in aquaculture feed development. The rapid growth of aquaculture has intensified the demand for cost-effective, sustainable, and nutritionally adequate feed alternatives. Conventional feed ingredients are increasingly expensive and environmentally taxing, creating a need for innovative solutions. The use of dried Lemon pulp, a by-product of the citrus industry, is rich in carbohydrates, fiber, and bioactive compounds, making it a promising alternative ingredient for fish diets. It seeks to fill a critical gap in aquaculture literature by providing empirical evidence and practical insights on using unconventional feed ingredients. It also serves as a resource for aquaculture practitioners, researchers, and policymakers aiming to implement sustainable feeding strategies. With aquaculture playing a crucial role in global food security, optimizing the production of nutrient-dense species like African catfish becomes essential. Dried Lemon pulp represents a viable pathway to enhance productivity and sustainability in developing regions, especially in resource-constrained environments.
Export and Import Business in the Seed Sector
The present book is an attempt to understand the status of the seed sector and prevailing business opportunities in India, regulatory measures for export and import permits, customs clearance of consignments, and the role of national and international institutions in seed trade. Presently, our share of seed in the international seed trade is less than one percent, despite the many opportunities, as described here. In the export and import business of seed, comprehensive knowledge about legal procedures and documentation for establishing seed firms, getting an export and import license from DGFT, a permit from DAC, phytosanitary certification, and customs clearance is essential. This has been thoroughly explained in this book. While planning to start seed business, we must have an understanding of the various forms of organizational set-up of a firm. The procedure for constitution of seed producing organisation and private limited company under the Indian Company Act, 1956, has been also considered to be part of this book. Here, we also address the organizations that are directly or indirectly involved in the seed trade.
Irrigation Scheduling in Sweet cherry
Irrigation is necessary for enhancing the flowering and fruiting characteristics of Sweet cherry and for long term productivity. Also High density planting systems is fast emerging as a more profitable orchard enterprise as compared to standard orchards. Temperate fruits including sweet cherries are prominent examples wherein high density plantations have proved to be highly successful in advanced countries. However, to accomplish this, several pre-requisites like flat lands, dwarfing rootstocks, compact growth habit of the scion cultivars and above all the availability of optimum soil moisture (assured irrigation) are required to be met essentially. In the changing climate scenario, when rains are scanty and water availability is declining, it becomes imperative to standardize quantum and schedule of irrigation in fruit crops for its judicious use.
Efforts of Radio in Promotion of Modern Farming Techniques
The study, "Assessment of Radio Benue's Food Basket programme in promoting the usage of modern farming techniques among farmers in Benue State" sought to find out the influence of Radio Benue's Food Basket programme in promoting the usage of modern farming techniques among farmers in Benue State and to ascertain the role of Radio Benue's Food Basket programme in promoting the usage of modern farming techniques among farmers in Benue State. The study was anchored on the development media theory, which states that, the media have the vital roles to play in the development of societies especially those of the developing countries. The study used the survey research design, while questionnaire was deployed as data collection instrument. Findings revealed that the influence of Radio Benue's food basket programme in promoting the use of modern farming techniques among farmers in Benue State is that it creates public awareness campaigns, partnership with agricultural organizations creating interactive platforms and feedback mechanism. It was revealed that the role of Radio Benue's food basket programme in promoting the use of modern farming techniques among farmers in Benue State.
Anthurium cultivation in Mizoram
About the Book The book is about a trial conducted on anthurium cultivation using low-cost cultivation techniques and nutrient sources available locally, the plant performance and productivity during the cultivation and also economy of cultivation under such conditions. It is expected to be of use for researchers, and also farmers of developing countries who could make best use of their locally available resources for commercial cultivation of flowers.
Development of Ready to eat corn grits enriched with nutraceuticals
The steps for developing a functional food from maize and skunk vine is presented in this book. The research work is done on Paederia foetida L. plant and its hydrosol is used and mixed in corn grits. The roasted corn grits is made which is enriched with plant extract. The book contains research work on developing a functional food using the plant skunk vine and corn grits. Skunk vine (Paederia foetida L.) is an invasive plant in USA but it have many medicinal values and therefore it is used as folk medicine in India.
Cattle Ranching in Brazil
Cattle farming was once the main activity in many Brazilian states when it occupied the most prime land available. However, with the appreciation of land, combined with the technological and productive development of agribusiness, what we see today is the marginalisation of cattle farming, which has been displaced to new frontiers while at the same time being challenged to remain a competitive activity in the face of the other options that Brazilian agribusiness makes possible.
Development of Extruded Products Using Pigeon Pea Brokens
Extrusion is widely used in the food industry due to its versatility, high productivity, low cost and energy efficiency. High quality products can be manufactured by extrusion. It is classified as a high temperature short time process to produce fiber rich products. It offers several advantages over other cooking processes, such as faster processing time and significant reduction in energy consumed, which results in lower product price. Pigeon pea broken flour contains higher amount of protein and its yellow and white colour of this flour makes it a very suitable ingredient in the production of many values added products. It appears to be a very attractive strategy to improve the nutritional status of the snack foods. The effects of feed moisture content, level pigeon pea broken flour, die head temperature and screw speed on different machine and physicochemical characteristic of extruded product were studied. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in designing the experiment. The optimum treatment conditions were found as, 14.32(% w.b.) of FMC, 37.55% of PBF, 135 簞C of DHT and 250 rpm of screw speed.
Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants with Natural Antioxidants
Medicinal plants are the important natural resources to fight serious diseases, especially in developing countries. Antioxidants play an important role in human health, because they have been recognized to be capable of lowering the incidence of various diseases such as cancer and angiocardiopathy. The antioxidant is a substance that, when present at low concentrations compared to those of an oxidizable substrate, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate. Different parts of plants such as roots, seeds, bark, leaves and flowers could be used for remedial purposes. Natural antioxidant proteins are mainly found in plants and animals, which interact to eliminate excessive free radicals and protect cells and DNA from damage, prevent and treat some diseases, and it is so important for the development of new drugs and research related diseases.
Enhancing Brinjal Performance
The study evaluated the impact of different fertility levels and water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) treatments on brinjal growth, yield and quality. The results showed that 80% RDF (f1) significantly improved plant height, number of branches, fruit yield (289.43 q/ha) and soil nutrient levels compared to 60% RDF (f2). Among WSF treatments, 1.0% WSF at 20-day intervals (s3) produced the highest growth and yield, with a fruit yield of 308.12 q/ha. The combination of 80% RDF and 1.0% WSF at 20-day intervals (f1s3) yielded the best results, with a plant height of 76.43 cm and 346.61 q/ha yield. In conclusion, applying 80% RDF along with six foliar sprays of 1.0% WSF at 20-day intervals was found to be the most effective for improving brinjal growth, yield and quality.
Seed Priming
The most consumed main dietary crop worldwide is rice, which is also a significant source of fiber, energy, minerals, vitamins, and other biomolecules. Environmental pollutants and abiotic stress influence seed germination, emergence, and agricultural output. Salinity can affect agricultural output in dry and semi-arid regions. Underneath salt conditions, seed priming has the benefit of displaying steady and faster germination price, seedling vigor, and crop development below adverse circumstances, as well as overcoming them from dormancy. The present study explored various seed priming techniques in rice varieties like Mallikuruva and Mattathriveni to standardize suitable treatment and to examine its effects on growth parameters under saline environment. The rice seeds had been primed with different seed priming approaches viz., hydropriming, osmopriming, redox priming, chemical priming, hormonal priming and they were germinated under salinity stress of various concentration of NaCl. Growth attributes were calculated and Salt stress was evaluated based on visual symptoms according to the Standard Evaluation System (SES) score. All the priming techniques show promising results.
A competitive book on Agronomy and Soil Science
There are few books in Agronomy which satisfies the requirements ofstudents particularly preparing for competitive examinations. This bookis designed to satisfy their need and is presented in a systematic mannerto understand every fundamental aspect related to agronomy. This bookcovers all the basic concepts of agronomy viz., tillage, sowing, soil fertilityand nutrient management, water management, weed management, dryland agriculture and sustainable agriculture. Some of the new topicslike climate change, herbicide resistance and herbicide tolerant cropswere also included. Current statistics related to agriculture is alsoprovided for the benefit of the students. This book will be very muchuseful for those students preparing for NET, ARS, JRF, SRF and PG andPh.D entrance examinations.
A Text Book on Medicinal Plants
Demand for natural medicine items in the pharmaceutical industry throughout the golden age. Herbal anthropology's field concentration, ethno pharmacology, is a comprehensive compendium of skillful, remarkable expansion. The demand for crude raw materials has increased as a result of the world's population growth. Therefore, the demand can be satisfied using plant-based, renewable raw material resources. As a result, the cultivation and harvesting process, particularly the handling techniques, the distinctive characteristics of medicinal uses, the active bio elements, the plant origin of habit and habitat on environmental adaptation aspects of description, and the identification of medicinal plants. Herbs are relevant by the book's exquisite, detailed description. Additionally, it is special tribute to the numerous scientists who worked on their research and discoveries, intriguing historical insights and striking graphics abound in this book. Many herbals are braided together in a really alluring way.bthere is plenty that anyone intrested in the world of herbal digging will find fascinating, even if the focus of this work is herbal. Powerfully portrayed the future of the lecture.
Contributions of Radio Agricultural Programmes
This study assesses the role of Radio Benue's Food Basket programme in promoting the adoption of improved crop seedlings among farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Radio, as a mass communication tool, remains an effective medium for disseminating agricultural knowledge and influencing farming practices in rural communities. The study explores the nature of agricultural programmes on Radio Benue, their influence on farmers' attitudes, the effectiveness of the Food Basket programme, and the challenges hindering its implementation. Using a survey of 400 respondents, findings reveal that the programme effectively increases farmers' knowledge of improved crop seedlings, motivates adoption, and provides technical guidance. However, challenges such as insufficient funding, outdated equipment, and inadequate content quality limit its impact. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance the programme's effectiveness through better funding, modern broadcasting equipment, and improved programme design. These measures aim to boost agricultural productivity and food security in Benue State.
Influence of Agricultural Communication in Improving Agriculture
This study explores the role of radio broadcasting, particularly Radio Benue's "Farmers Digest," in promoting youth participation in agriculture in Benue State, Nigeria. Radio has long been recognized as an effective medium for disseminating information, setting agendas, and fostering development, especially in rural communities. The research assesses the programme's effectiveness, its influence on youth attitudes toward agriculture, and the challenges limiting its impact. Using a survey method, data was collected from 382 respondents, revealing significant awareness of the programme's role in disseminating agricultural information, encouraging youth engagement, and shaping public opinion about agriculture. However, challenges such as inadequate funding, poor programming, government control, and obsolete equipment hinder its full potential. Recommendations include increased investment, updated equipment, and improved content to enhance youth participation in agriculture, contributing to economic development and food security in the region.
Berries of Labrador
Berries grow in every part of Labrador--bogs, barrens, forests, gulches, roadsides, yards, mountains, open sand, and wet, shady streambanks. Ripening red, orange, blue, purple, black, or white. Tasting bitter, juicy, sour, sweet, dry. Like wintergreen. Like tobacco. Berries of Labrador combines storytelling with science to celebrate more than forty species of berries and their various uses, from food to medicine. Beautiful watercolour illustrations by Valerie Powell and short anecdotes from community members accompany each description, highlighting the cultural, historical, and ecological significance of the berries of Labrador.
Studies of trees in winter
Studies of trees in winter: A description of the deciduous trees of northeastern America, stands as a beacon in the world of books, bridging the gap between past and present. Once considered among the old books, this classic work-like so many forgotten and ancient books-has shaped our understanding of culture and history. It's a remarkable example of history books that have influenced generations, and now, through the dedication of Alpha Editions-your trusted book publisher-it's reborn in a fresh, elegant format. We've carefully retyped, redesigned, and improved this book so it's much more than just another title to read. Now you can enjoy clear, easy-to-read pages without any blurry scans or faded text. By choosing this edition, you're investing in more than a book-you're safeguarding a legacy. Your support keeps a remarkable piece of human heritage alive, ensuring its lessons and inspirations continue to resonate well into the future.
Summer Flowers of the High Alps
Summer Flowers of the High Alps, stands as a beacon in the world of books, bridging the gap between past and present. Once considered among the old books, this classic work-like so many forgotten and ancient books-has shaped our understanding of culture and history. It's a remarkable example of history books that have influenced generations, and now, through the dedication of Alpha Editions-your trusted book publisher-it's reborn in a fresh, elegant format. We've carefully retyped, redesigned, and improved this book so it's much more than just another title to read. Now you can enjoy clear, easy-to-read pages without any blurry scans or faded text. By choosing this edition, you're investing in more than a book-you're safeguarding a legacy. Your support keeps a remarkable piece of human heritage alive, ensuring its lessons and inspirations continue to resonate well into the future.
Cistern water management for food production
The Brazilian semi-arid region is characterised by high spatial and temporal rainfall variability, with average annual rainfall of less than 800 mm. However, various social technologies have been developed to strengthen coexistence with the semi-arid region, based on academic knowledge and the accumulated experiences of the people who live there. The use of social technologies for living with drought, such as the use of cisterns, can ensure that the rural population receives quality food in quantity, through sustainable land and water management. This book, the product of applied academic research, proposes the appropriate management of water from cisterns under the P1+2 Programme for fruit and vegetable production in the family farming system. The results obtained show that the correct management of cistern water can guarantee regular consumption of fruit and vegetables in the diet of rural families in the semi-arid region. This book presents practical, low-cost solutions on how to correctly manage the water in cisterns to produce food.
Processed Dairy Products
In Angola, dairy products play a prominent role in people's eating habits. The aim of this study was to characterize the physical and chemical indicators of dairy products produced in Angola's industrial sector. It was carried out between February 2013 and October 2015. The process of making the products was monitored and the physicochemical parameters such as pH, acidity, energy, humidity, fat, protein and ash of yogurt, cheese and butter were determined.
The Study of Plant Life
The Study of Plant Life, stands as a beacon in the world of books, bridging the gap between past and present. Once considered among the old books, this classic work-like so many forgotten and ancient books-has shaped our understanding of culture and history. It's a remarkable example of history books that have influenced generations, and now, through the dedication of Alpha Editions-your trusted book publisher-it's reborn in a fresh, elegant format. We've carefully retyped, redesigned, and improved this book so it's much more than just another title to read. Now you can enjoy clear, easy-to-read pages without any blurry scans or faded text. By choosing this edition, you're investing in more than a book-you're safeguarding a legacy. Your support keeps a remarkable piece of human heritage alive, ensuring its lessons and inspirations continue to resonate well into the future.
