Discrete and Algebraic Structures
This textbook presents the topics typically covered in a standard course on discrete structures. It is aimed at students of computer science and mathematics (teaching degree and Bachelor's/Master's) and is designed to accompany lectures, for self-study, and for exam preparation. Through explanatory introductions to definitions, numerous examples, counterexamples, diagrams, cross-references, and outlooks, the authors manage to present the wide range of topics concisely and comprehensibly. Numerous exercises facilitate the deepening of the material. Due to its compact presentation of all important discrete and algebraic structures and its extensive index, the book also serves as a reference for mathematicians, computer scientists, and natural scientists. Contents: From propositional and predicate logic to sets and combinatorics, numbers, relations and mappings, graphs, to the rich spectrum of algebraic structures, and a brief introduction to category theory. Additional chapters include rings and modules as well as matroids. This book is a translation of the second German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so the book may read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Abstract Algebra
Abstract Algebra: An Interactive Approach is a new concept in learning modern algebra. Each chapter in the textbook has a corresponding interactive Mathematica notebook and an interactive SageMath workbook which can be used either in the classroom, or outsideof the classroom.
Introduction to Linear Algebra with Earth Science Applications
Space-Time Algebra of Sedeons
This book is a comprehensive guide to the space-time algebra of sixteen-component values "sedeons". This algebra is designed to provide a compact representation of equations that describe various physical systems. The book considers the symmetry of physical quantities concerning the operations of spatial and temporal inversion. This approach allows the formulation of a wide class of mathematical physics equations within a unified framework and enables the generalization of these equations for essential problems in electrodynamics, hydrodynamics, plasma physics, field theory, and quantum mechanics. In particular, it is shown that the broken symmetry between electricity and magnetism in electrodynamics equations is a result of choosing an asymmetric representation of these phenomena. The sedeonic algebra enables the formulation of Maxwell-like equations for the fields with a nonzero mass of quantum, which facilitates the calculation of energy for baryon-baryon interaction and the semi-classical interpretation of this interaction. It also allows one to generalize the hydrodynamics equations for the case of vortex turbulent flows and for a hydrodynamic two-fluid model of electron-ion plasma.
An Introduction to Module Theory
Module theory is a fundamental area of algebra, taught in most universities at the graduate level. This textbook, written by two experienced teachers and researchers in the area, is based on courses given in their respective universities over the last thirty years. It is an accessible and modern account of module theory, meant as a textbook for graduate or advanced undergraduate students, though it can also be used for self-study. It is aimed at students in algebra, or students who need algebraic tools in their work. Following the recent trends in the area, the general approach stresses from the start the use of categorical and homological techniques. The book includes self-contained introductions to category theory and homological algebra with applications to Module theory, and also contains an introduction to representations of quivers. It includes a very large number of examples of all kinds worked out in detail, mostly of abelian groups, modules over matrix algebras, polynomial algebras, or algebras given by bound quivers. In order to help visualise and analyse examples, it includes many figures. Each section is followed by exercises of all levels of difficulty, both computational and theoretical, with hints provided to some of them.
Completely Regular Semigroup Varieties
This book presents further developments and applications in the area of completely regular semigroup theory, beginning with applications of Pol獺k's theorem to obtain detailed descriptions of various kernel classes including the K-class covers of the kernel class of all bands. The important property of modularity of the lattice of varieties of completely regular semigroups is then employed to analyse various principal sublattices. This is followed by a study of certain important complete congruences on the lattice; the group, local and core relations. The next chapter is devoted to a further treatment of certain free objects and related word problems. There are many constructions in the theory of semigroups. Those that have played an important role in the theory of varieties of completely regular semigroups are presented as they apply in this context. The mapping that takes each variety to its intersection with the variety of bands is a complete retraction of the lattice of varieties of completely regular semigroups onto the lattice of band varieties and so induces a complete congruence for which every class has a greatest member. The sublattice generated by these greatest members is then investigated with the help of many applications of Pol獺k's theorem. The book closes with a fascinating conjecture regarding the structure of this sublattice.
Geometric Gems (V2)
Our physical world is embedded in a geometric environment. Plane geometry has many amazing wonders beyond those that are briefly touched on at school. The quadrilateral, one of the basic instruments in geometry, has a plethora of unexpected curiosities. The authors present these in an easily understood fashion, requiring nothing more than the very basics of school geometry to appreciate these curiosities and their justifications or proofs.The book is intended to be widely appreciated by a general audience, and their love for geometry should be greatly enhanced through exploring these many unexpected relationships in geometry. Geometric Gems is also suitable for mathematics teachers, to enhance the education of their students with these highly motivating quadrilateral properties.
Geometric Gems (V2)
Our physical world is embedded in a geometric environment. Plane geometry has many amazing wonders beyond those that are briefly touched on at school. The quadrilateral, one of the basic instruments in geometry, has a plethora of unexpected curiosities. The authors present these in an easily understood fashion, requiring nothing more than the very basics of school geometry to appreciate these curiosities and their justifications or proofs.The book is intended to be widely appreciated by a general audience, and their love for geometry should be greatly enhanced through exploring these many unexpected relationships in geometry. Geometric Gems is also suitable for mathematics teachers, to enhance the education of their students with these highly motivating quadrilateral properties.
Category and Measure
Topological spaces in general, and the real numbers in particular, have the characteristic of exhibiting a 'continuity structure', one that can be examined from the vantage point of Baire category or of Lebesgue measure. Though they are in some sense dual, work over the last half-century has shown that it is the former, topological view, that has pride of place since it reveals a much richer structure that draws from, and gives back to, areas such as analytic sets, infinite games, probability, infinite combinatorics, descriptive set theory and topology. Keeping prerequisites to a minimum, the authors provide a new exposition and synthesis of the extensive mathematical theory needed to understand the subject's current state of knowledge, and they complement their presentation with a thorough bibliography of source material and pointers to further work. The result is a book that will be the standard reference for all researchers in the area.
Linear Algebra with its Applications
This book contains a detailed discussion of the matrix operation, its properties, and its applications in finding the solution of linear equations and determinants. Linear algebra is a subject that has found the broadest range of applications in all branches of mathematics, physical and social sciences, and engineering.
Exploring Linear Algebra
This text focuses on the primary topics in a first course in Linear Algebra including additional advanced topics related to data analysis, singular value decomposition and connections to differential equations. This is a lab text that would lead a class through Linear Algebra using Mathematica demonstrations and Mathematica coding
Quadratic Ideal Numbers
This book introduces quadratic ideal numbers as objects of study with applications to binary quadratic forms and other topics. The text requires only minimal background in number theory, much of which is reviewed as needed. Computational methods are emphasized throughout, making this subject appropriate for individual study or research at the undergraduate level or above.
Groups St Andrews 2022 in Newcastle
Every four years leading researchers gather to survey the latest developments in all aspects of group theory. Since 1981, the proceedings of these meetings have provided a regular snapshot of the state of the art in group theory and helped to shape the direction of research in the field. This volume contains selected papers from the 2022 meeting held in Newcastle. It includes substantial survey articles from the invited speakers, namely the mini course presenters Michel Brion, Fanny Kassel and Pham Huu Tiep; and the invited one-hour speakers Bettina Eick, Scott Harper and Simon Smith. It features these alongside contributed survey articles, including some new results, to provide an outstanding resource for graduate students and researchers.
Vectorization
Enables readers to develop foundational and advanced vectorization skills for scalable data science and machine learning and address real-world problems Offering insights across various domains such as computer vision and natural language processing, Vectorization covers the fundamental topics of vectorization including array and tensor operations, data wrangling, and batch processing. This book illustrates how the principles discussed lead to successful outcomes in machine learning projects, serving as concrete examples for the theories explained, with each chapter including practical case studies and code implementations using NumPy, TensorFlow, and PyTorch. Each chapter has one or two types of contents: either an introduction/comparison of the specific operations in the numerical libraries (illustrated as tables) and/or case study examples that apply the concepts introduced to solve a practical problem (as code blocks and figures). Readers can approach the knowledge presented by reading the text description, running the code blocks, or examining the figures. Written by the developer of the first recommendation system on the Peacock streaming platform, Vectorization explores sample topics including: Basic tensor operations and the art of tensor indexing, elucidating how to access individual or subsets of tensor elements Vectorization in tensor multiplications and common linear algebraic routines, which form the backbone of many machine learning algorithms Masking and padding, concepts which come into play when handling data of non-uniform sizes, and string processing techniques for natural language processing (NLP) Sparse matrices and their data structures and integral operations, and ragged or jagged tensors and the nuances of processing them From the essentials of vectorization to the subtleties of advanced data structures, Vectorization is an ideal one-stop resource for both beginners and experienced practitioners, including researchers, data scientists, statisticians, and other professionals in industry, who seek academic success and career advancement.
Elementary Galois Theory
Why is the squaring of the circle, why is the division of angles with compass and ruler impossible? Why are there general solution formulas for polynomial equations of degree 2, 3 and 4, but not for degree 5 or higher? This textbook deals with such classical questions in an elementary way in the context of Galois theory. It thus provides a classical introduction and at the same time deals with applications. The point of view of a constructive mathematician is consistently adopted: To prove the existence of a mathematical object, an algorithmic construction of that object is always given. Some statements are therefore formulated somewhat more cautiously than is classically customary; some proofs are more elaborately conducted, but are clearer and more comprehensible. Abstract theories and definitions are derived from concrete problems and solutions and can thus be better understood and appreciated. The material in this volume can be covered in a one-semester lecture on algebra right at the beginning of mathematics studies and is equally suitable for first-year students at the Bachelor's level and for teachers. The central statements are already summarised and concisely presented within the text, so the reader is encouraged to pause and reflect and can repeat content in a targeted manner. In addition, there is a short summary at the end of each chapter, with which the essential arguments can be comprehended step by step, as well as numerous exercises with an increasing degree of difficulty. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
Standard and Non-Standard Methods for Solving Elementary Algebra Problems
Solving elementary algebra lies at the heart of this basic textbook. Some of the topics addressed include inequalities with rational functions, equations and inequalities with modules, exponential, irrational, and logarithmic equations and inequalities, and problems with trigonometric functions. Special attention is paid to methods for solving problems containing parameters.The book takes care to introduce topics with a description of the basic properties of the functions under study, as well as simple, typical tasks necessary for the initial study of the subject. Each topic concludes with problems for readers to solve, some of which may require serious effort and solutions are provided in all cases. Many of these problems were specifically created for this book and are set at university entrance exam or mathematical Olympiad level.The authors both have extensive experience in conducting and compiling tasks for exams and Olympiads. They seek to continue and share the traditions of Russian mathematical schools with schoolchildren, math teachers, and everyone who loves to solve problems.
Standard and Non-Standard Methods for Solving Elementary Algebra Problems
Solving elementary algebra lies at the heart of this basic textbook. Some of the topics addressed include inequalities with rational functions, equations and inequalities with modules, exponential, irrational, and logarithmic equations and inequalities, and problems with trigonometric functions. Special attention is paid to methods for solving problems containing parameters.The book takes care to introduce topics with a description of the basic properties of the functions under study, as well as simple, typical tasks necessary for the initial study of the subject. Each topic concludes with problems for readers to solve, some of which may require serious effort and solutions are provided in all cases. Many of these problems were specifically created for this book and are set at university entrance exam or mathematical Olympiad level.The authors both have extensive experience in conducting and compiling tasks for exams and Olympiads. They seek to continue and share the traditions of Russian mathematical schools with schoolchildren, math teachers, and everyone who loves to solve problems.
