The Language Lab
The Language Lab: Step-By-Step Guide to Improving Language Abilities is a comprehensive book that provides a systematic approach to enhancing language skills. With a focus on sentence formation, structure, and correction, as well as punctuation, group of words, pair of words, synonyms, antonyms, idioms, comprehension, and essay writing, this guide covers all aspects of language improvement.In the section on sentence formation, readers will learn the essential rules and techniques for constructing clear and concise sentences. From basic sentence structure to more complex formations, this chapter provides a solid foundation for effective communication.Moving on to sentence structure, the book delves deeper into the intricacies of building well-organized sentences. With step-by-step instructions and examples, readers will gain a better understanding of how to construct sentences that flow smoothly and convey their intended meaning.To help readers avoid common sentence formation errors, the book dedicates a section to highlight and explain these mistakes. By providing clear explanations and practice exercises, readers will develop an eye for identifying and correcting these errors in their writing.The application of sentence formation is explored in the following chapter, where readers are encouraged to put their newfound knowledge into practice. Through engaging exercises and writing prompts, readers will gain confidence in their ability to apply the rules of sentence formation in real-world scenarios.The book also covers sentence correction, focusing on common punctuation mistakes. By providing explanations and examples, readers will learn how to effectively correct punctuation errors and enhance the clarity of their writing.Moving beyond individual words, the book explores the importance of understanding and using groups of words effectively. From collocations to phrasal verbs, readers will expand their vocabulary and improve their language abilities.Pair of words, synonyms, and antonyms are also covered in dedicated chapters. Readers will learn how to differentiate between similar words and expand their vocabulary by understanding their meanings and usage.Idioms, an essential part of any language, are explored in detail. Through explanations and examples, readers will learn how to use idiomatic expressions to add depth and nuance to their writing and speaking.Comprehension techniques are discussed in a dedicated chapter, providing readers with strategies to improve their reading comprehension skills. From identifying main ideas to understanding inference and context, readers will be equipped with the tools to comprehend complex texts.Lastly, the book concludes with a chapter on essay writing. By providing a step-by-step guide, readers will learn how to effectively structure and organize their essays, enhancing their ability to express their thoughts and ideas coherently.Whether you are a language learner, teacher, or simply someone looking to improve your language abilities, The Language Lab: Step-By-Step Guide to Improving Language Abilities is an invaluable resource. With its comprehensive coverage of various language aspects and practical exercises, this book will help you take your language skills to the next level.
The One
15-year-old Jade Mason just moved to Vancouver with her family. She misses her friends, and she's fighting with her mom and dad. Just one thing makes her happy-basketball. And she's really good, too! In fact, her coach says that she just might be... The One. The best player on the team. To be The One, Jade will have to work hard. Jade doesn't mind. She loves playing basketball. But Jade is not the only player who wants to be The One. And the other player will try anything to stop her... A story about friendship, goals, competition, and the hard work it takes to be the best.
Sentence Structure
Embark on an epic sentence-slinging saga with "Sentence Structure: Third Edition." This isn't just a book; it's your backstage pass to the symphony of language. From humble simple sentences to the linguistic fireworks of compound-complex structures, you'll wield the tools to craft prose that sings, persuades, and leaves a lasting mark.Unleash your inner wordsmith as you dissect iconic sentences, decode the psychology behind their power, and master the art of rhythm, balance, and suspense. This isn't just about grammar; it's about unlocking the secrets of effective communication, critical thinking, and creative expression. Whether you're a student, a professional, or a lifelong learner, "Sentence Structure: Third Edition" will elevate your writing to new heights and empower you to share your ideas with the world.
Dhatupatha Sanskrit Roots Indexes
Construction of Verbs by Conjugation using Roots from the Dhatupatha is one of the most complex and involved processes in Sanskrit Grammar. It has been coded by the great grammarian Panini in an in a beautifully amazing way through the core texts, viz. The Dathupatha of Panini, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini and The Maheswar Sutras. This book hopes to lay the coding methodology threadbare in a lucid manner for avid learners of the language, including Sanskrit scholars and Vyakarana pundits.Root + Vikarana Affix + Ting Affix = Verb, whereRoots have two major attributes, i. P A U attribute ii. सेट् अनिट् वेट् attribute.Vikarana affixes are of two types, i. Gana Vikarana Affix and ii. Vikarana Affix.A Vikarana Affix may be Sarvadhatuka or Ardhadhatuka. This affects Guna/Vriddhi.Ting affixes are of two types, i. Parasmaipada Ting Affix and ii. Atmanepada Ting Affix.Further, a Parasmaipada Ting Affix may be Sarvadhatuka or Ardhadhatuka. Similarly, an Atmanepada Ting Affix may be Sarvadhatuka or Ardhadhatuka. This affects Guna/Vriddhi.A Sarvadhatuka Ting Affix is of two types, पित् or अपित् that also affects Guna/Vriddhi.Notes: Any affix whether Vikarana or Ting is further of two types, i. Consonant beginning or ii. Vowel beginning.Additionally, Affix modifiers may also be employed.Similarly, Root modifiers may also be employed.Each Root may have a Tag Letter, that is simply a marker to serve a specific purpose and then gets dropped.Each Affix may have a Tag Letter, that is simply a marker to serve a specific purpose and then gets dropped.Dropping or Elision of certain parts of Root or Affix in certain cases.Of utmost importance is understanding that the Tenses and Moods in Sanskrit Grammar (Present Tense, Past Tense, etc.) are coded in terminations known as Ting Affixes. These Ting Affixes are of two basic types: Parasmaipada and Atmanepada, and these will only join a Root having the same attribute of Parasmaipada or Atmanepada.The Ubhayepada Ting Affixes are simply a combination of the two, so Roots that are Ubhayepada will invariably be grouped under Parasmaipada and Atmanepada both.Major Concepts include: The Ten Tenses and Moods that reflect the Verb usage.Grouping of Roots in ten Ganas for Sarvadhatuka Ting Affixes.Tag Letters and their interpretation.Guna/Vriddhi of Vowels (whether of a Root or an Affix).Use of इट् augment.Correct use of Sarvadhatuka/Ardhadhatuka Affixes.This books has been designed to look at all these grammatical concepts from the Root-point-of-View. It contains exhaustive lists of Roots that behave in a specific manner during Verb construction. Indexes and collections are based on the Dhatu Serial Number, which is unique and easily referenced in standard Dhatupathas, including Siddhanta Kaumudi. Hence locating any Root is a snap.So this book will primarily be used as a supplemental text for any standard text on Sanskrit Grammar. On its own also it can prove to be immensely useful if one wishes to master the Dhatupatha of Panini.
Akabando. The Walking Stick
This book is designed for speakers of Kirundi and similar languages whose English levels are beginning and intermediate. The book contains the following topics: English alphabet, numbers and their various usages, geometrical shapes, social English, proverbs, English tenses, miscellaneous English grammatical structures (use of WH - question words, relative clauses, passive and active voice, etc.), Transitional words and viewpoint adverbs, abbreviations, countries and adjectives of nationality, etc. The last part deals with a small assorted dictionary which comprises five chapters for helping learners to build up vocabulary in the field of agronomy, politics and administration, religion and Faith, Education, Human body and health. On the one hand this book is a companion for a Kirundi speaker who is learning English; on the other hand it can also help to a certain extent English speakers who want to learn Kirundi.
A Descriptive Grammar of Igbo
No detailed description available for "A Descriptive Grammar of Igbo".
Multilingual Leadership in TESOL
Multilingual Leadership in TESOL addresses issues related to leadership by and for multilingual individuals in the field. Chapters in this edited volume provide a strong theoretical grounding for multilingual leadership, use case studies and autoethnographies to showcase multilingual leaders' backgrounds, and discuss challenges and opportunities for current and future leaders in TESOL. Presenting a wide view of leadership development in the field, this book includes contributions from top scholars from over a dozen countries, ethnicities and language backgrounds.Bringing together the dual focus on multilingualism and leadership, this is essential reading for scholars, researchers and future leaders in TESOL and applied linguistics.
A Christmas Carol
Are you ready to enjoy a classic Christmas story, now adapted for learners of English?This version has vocabulary and grammar perfect for learners at CEFR level B1 (Intermediate)."Merry Christmas, Uncle!" cried a cheerful voice. It was Scrooge's nephew, Fred."Bah humbug!" said Scrooge. "Merry Christmas? Why are you merry? You're poor.""Well," answered the nephew happily, "why are you miserable? You're rich."Ebenezer Scrooge is one of the most horrible men in London. He hates Christmas and only cares about money.But on Christmas Eve, Scrooge's life is changed forever. Three strange ghosts appear and take him on a journey through his past, present, and future. Each ghost has a powerful message for him - but will he listen? Or will he continue with his miserable and lonely life?This special graded reader brings Charles Dickens's exciting and magical story to life in clear, easy English, perfect if you want to improve your language skills while enjoying a fun, festive story.Get ready for a magical journey and discover the true meaning of Christmas!Books at this level have a word count of 15,000-18,000 words and 1,600 headwords.
Treasure Island
Improve your English in a fun way, without any extra studying, with books by Read Stories - Learn English. This book is adapted for learners at CEFR level A2 (pre-intermediate, ACTFL Intermediate-Low).The men were quiet for a minute, then Squire Trelawney smiled and said, "We're going to Bristol tomorrow!""Why?" I asked."I'm going to buy a ship there," he explained, "then we'll sail it to the island and find the treasure!"Join Jim Hawkins on his exciting journey to Treasure Island. With scary pirates, dangerous battles and hidden gold, it's an adventure you won't forget!This book: is an exciting adventure storyis adapted for learners of English from the classic storyuses grammar and vocabulary for learners at CEFR level A2 (pre-intermediate, ACTFL Intermediate-Low)has definitions of difficult wordsBooks at this level have a word count of 7,000-10,000 words and 1,000 headwords.You will find language-learning exercises for this book on my website.
Coordination Structures in Old and Middle High German
Based on the quantitative analysis of a large corpus of Old and Middle High German prose texts, this volume provides a first extensive overview on the syntactic properties of coordination structures featuring the coordinators inti/und and joh in Old and Middle High German and discusses potential analyses in a generative framework. After introducing the main properties of coordination structures in Modern Standard German in Chapters 1 and 2, the results of the corpus study are presented in Chapters 3-6. Chapter 3 focuses on the coordinators inti/und and joh, showing that coordination structures with both coordinators already exhibit the same characteristic types of ellipsis as well as the same parallelism of the conjuncts as their Modern Standard German counterparts. Chapters 4-6 each discuss one major aspect of diachronic change: verbal agreement with conjoined subject-NPs (Chapter 4), the conditions regarding the omission of referential subject-pronouns in clausal or verbal coordination structures (Chapter 5) and so-called 'inversion after und' (Chapter 6). The volume thus provides a deeper understanding of the syntax of coordination structures in both a synchronic and diachronic perspective for researchers and students.
B2 Listening
Preparation for the Cambridge B2 FirstThere are four parts to the B2 First Listening exam.Write-in student bookThis write-in student book focuses on each exam part individually, explaining its characteristics and providing guidance on how to respond to the questions.In preparation for taking on several exam-styled texts and questions, each unit contains a series of practice exercises with detailed answer keys that clarify how and why answers are correct.Full-length exam-styled texts with answer keysFor each exam part, there are two full-length exam-styled texts with questions and answer keys that explain why the correct answers are correct as well as pointing out why candidates may have chosen incorrect answers.Additional practice testsThe additional four exam-styled practice tests included in this resource will allow the reader to consolidate their approach to the different types of reading task that will be assessed.About the authorsFiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
English as a Language of Learning, Teaching and Inclusivity
Hibbert explores South Africa's higher education crisis utilising case studies and first-hand experiences with English as the language of instruction. The historical overview provides a framework with which to understand the complicated nature of using English as a language of instruction in South Africa, past and present. Student narratives are presented to illustrate mainly breakthroughs, but also challenges. An overview is provided, of imported English teaching methodologies and how they have emerged and developed in the local educational system over decades. It is demonstrated how these methodologies relate to socio-economic and political events and trends at each juncture. By applying defamiliarisation as a research method of investigation, students' translanguaging struggles are recorded and discussed, both pre-pandemic and in the pandemic period. The experiences of non-monolingual English-speaking staff and students, and of local English/African language bilinguals is foregrounded, as they are by far the majority in South African higher education and schools. The relevance of the experiences and learning paths of those staff and students is enhanced. This book aids lecturers across disciplines and English language facilitators in the improvement of English acquisition curricula through exposure to arguments, case studies and learning path narratives in this volume, and prompts and inspires researchers to develop further theories and experiments in their own context.
Effects of Orthography on Second Language Phonology
This is the first book devoted to the effects of orthographic forms (spellings) on second language phonology.Written by one of the pioneer researchers in the field, the book provides an authoritative overview of the effects of spellings on the perception, production, awareness, learning and teaching of sounds and spoken words in a second language. Using the findings and implications from a large-scale research project at its centre, the book reveals that English consonants spelled with double letters lead Italian learners and users of English as a second language to perceive, produce, classify, and learn English consonants as geminates (long consonants).Presenting a narrative of a second language research project, and discussing its implications, the book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of orthography, phonology, and speech and language perception. Language teaching practitioners will also find the book useful.
Textbook 4.0 - From Paper-Based Textbooks with Digital Components to Interactive Teaching and Learning Environments
For over four decades, textbooks have been enhanced with digital components, and today, it is almost impossible to find a textbook that does not contain any. Does this mean that textbooks have been fully digitalized and that we have reached a point where the integration of digital media into textbooks is the norm? Since there is no clear consensus on what is meant by the digitalization of textbooks, there is no simple answer to this question. This edited volume, therefore, attempts to clarify the respective terminology as a starting point. Through a multi-perspective approach and the joint conceptual considerations of various experts, it then provides insights into the historical processes of the increasing digitalization of textbooks, into evaluations of the current status quo, and into considerations of different and innovative design options for future interactive learning and teaching environments. In doing so, it identifies deficiencies and challenges and offers perspectives for new developments.
A Room of One's Own One
Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own is a seminal essay that explores the intersection of gender and literature, advocating for women's intellectual freedom and creative independence. Through a blend of personal narrative, historical analysis, and feminist critique, Woolf argues that a woman must have financial independence and a private space-both literally and metaphorically-to write and create. The essay is rich with Woolf's signature lyrical prose, weaving together reflections on the societal constraints faced by women writers throughout history. It challenges the patriarchal structures that have historically marginalized women's voices, making a compelling case for the necessity of both physical and mental space for women to flourish as artists. A Room of One's Own remains a powerful and thought-provoking work that continues to inspire discussions about gender, creativity, and the importance of self-determination in the pursuit of artistic expression.
An Atlas of Endangered Alphabets
A global exploration of the many writing systems that are on the verge of vanishing, and the stories and cultures they carry with them. If something is important, we write it down. Yet 85% of the world's writing systems are on the verge of vanishing - not granted official status, not taught in schools, discouraged and dismissed. When a culture is forced to abandon its traditional script, everything it has written for hundreds of years - sacred texts, poems, personal correspondence, legal documents, the collective experience, wisdom and identity of a people - is lost. This Atlas is about those writing systems, and the people who are trying to save them. From the ancient holy alphabets of the Middle East, now used only by tiny sects, to newly created African alphabets designed to keep cultural traditions alive in the twenty-first century: from a Sudanese script based on the ownership marks traditionally branded into camels, to a secret system used in one corner of China exclusively by women to record the songs and stories of their inner selves: this unique book profiles dozens of scripts and the cultures they encapsulate, offering glimpses of worlds unknown to us - and ways of saving them from vanishing entirely.
New Perspectives on English Word Stress
New Perspectives on English Word Stress explores the mechanism of word stress assignment in contemporary English from different methodological and theoretical perspectives. Comprising nine chapters, these approaches include a historical overview of the study of stress; the relationship between historic changes in stress and meaning; the relationship between spelling and stress; syllable weight and stress; the theoretical treatment of exceptions; stress mechanisms in Australian English; and stress in Singapore English. The book presents new data and provides the reader with access to various approaches to English word stress in phonology.
English for Everyone Ingl矇s Para El D穩a a D穩a (Everyday English Spanish Edition)
癒Lleva tus habilidades de comunicaci籀n en ingl矇s a otro nivel! Si necesitas aprender ingl矇s para trabajar, estudiar, viajar o incluso mudarte, este libro ser獺 tu mayor aliado.English for Everyone: Everyday English te ayuda a expresarte en ingl矇s en tu d穩a a d穩a con confianza. Aprende a comunicarte en diferentes escenarios del mundo real, desde actividades como ir al supermercado, pedir comida a domicilio o concertar citas, hasta conversaciones clave como consolar a alguien o lidiar con un conflicto. En las p獺ginas de este libro de ingl矇s para j籀venes y adultos, encontrar獺s: M獺s de 1500 frases y expresiones 繳tiles para practicar tu ingl矇s.Cada unidad incluye di獺logos realistas y f獺ciles de memorizar.Ejercicios pr獺cticos para reforzar el vocabulario y las frases que has aprendido en cada tema.Atractivas im獺genes que acompa簽an los diferentes di獺logos.V穩deos y audios de hablantes de ingl矇s nativos, disponibles en nuestra p獺gina web y aplicaci籀n gratuitas.Una excelente herramienta de apoyo tanto para estudiantes que est獺n preparando sus ex獺menes oficiales TOEFL, IELTS y TOEIC, como para viajeros o profesores. Mejora tu ingl矇s oral de forma amena y divertida y enfr矇ntate a situaciones cotidianas, como charlas en la oficina o reservas de viajes, m獺s f獺cilmente. La colecci籀n English for Everyone de DK es una forma f獺cil y divertida de aprender ingl矇s. Con audios de apoyo e innovadores ejercicios que cubren todos los aspectos clave del idioma, estos libros ilustrados sustituyen complicadas explicaciones por im獺genes y gr獺ficos claros, para aprender visualmente y que la gram獺tica y el vocabulario resulten f獺ciles de recordar. 癒Aprender ingl矇s no ha sido nunca tan f獺cil! Speak English with confidence in a wide range of everyday situations, from making small talk to booking a trip abroad. With more than 1,500 of the most useful phrases and common expressions, English for Everyone: Everyday English gives you all the English conversation skills you need to get by in the real world. This engaging and accessible book covers a wide range of real-life topics and scenarios - from everyday activities, such as going to the supermarket and making appointments, to key communication skills, such as comforting someone and dealing with conflict. You'll learn how to welcome visitors, ask for directions, give a presentation at work, find somewhere to live, order a meal out, and much, much more. Each short unit uses memorable, true-to-life dialogues to introduce a new topic, followed by practice exercises to reinforce the new words and phrases that you have learned. The dialogues are accompanied by attractive illustrations and brought to life by animated videos and audio featuring speakers of English as a first language, all available on the free English for Everyone website and app. Whether you need to learn English for work, study, travel, or relocation, English for Everyone: Everyday English is the perfect companion to help you take your English skills to the next level.
Second Language Pronunciation
In the field of second language (L2) acquisition, the number of studies focusing on L2 pronunciation instruction and perceptual/production training has increased as new classroom methodologies have been proposed and new goals for L2 pronunciation have been set. This book brings together different approaches to L2 pronunciation research in the classroom or in the language laboratory. 13 chapters, written by well-known researchers focusing on a variety of first and target languages, are divided into four parts: Pronunciation development and intelligibility: implications for teaching and training studies; L2 pronunciation teaching; L2 pronunciation training: implications for the classroom; and Pronunciation in the laboratory: High Variability Phonetic Training. Intended for researchers in the fields of second language acquisition, phonetics, phonology, psycholinguistics, speech therapies, speech technology, as well as second language teaching, this book not only summarizes the current research questions on L2 pronunciation teaching and training, but also predicts future scenarios for both researchers and practitioners in the field.
Lexicography of Coronavirus-Related Neologisms
This volume brings together contributions by international experts reflecting on Covid19-related neologisms and their lexicographic processing and representation. The papers analyze new words, new meanings of existing words, and new multiword units, where they come from, how they are transmitted (or differ) across languages, and how their use and meaning are reflected in dictionaries of all sorts. Recent trends in as many as ten languages are considered, including general and specialized language, monolingual as well as bilingual and printed as well as online dictionaries.
Segmental Structure and Representations
Representing Phonological DetailPart I: Segmental Structure and RepresentationsPart II: Syllable, Stress and Sign Part I of Representing Phonological Detail focuses on the latest phonological research on a range of issues. The first main theme in this volume is vowel representation, with special attention paid to topics such as vowel harmony and other vocalic processes (e.g., historical umlaut, vowel epenthesis, and the representation of vowel quality and height). The second main theme is consonant representation and consonantal processes (including laryngeal phonology and stop insertion). Finally, the acquisition of phonology and the interface between phonology and morphosyntax are examined, attending in particular to boundary symbols, morphological blends, and the status of recursion in phonology and syntax.
Syllable, Stress, and Sign
Representing Phonological DetailPart I: Segmental Structure and RepresentationsPart II: Syllable, Stress and Sign Part II of Representing Phonological Detail focuses on the latest phonological research on suprasegmental structure and sign language. The first main theme in this volume is syllable structure, touching on phonotactics, syllabification, gemination, syllable weight, diphthongization, and other rules. The other main theme is tone and stress, including issues in data collection, the assignment of primary and secondary stress, resolution of stress clashes, lexical accent, and syntax-tone interaction. The final section is on sign language, with special attention paid to iconicity, phonological processes, and the relation between phonetic and phonological representation.
450 Sight Words Tracing Workbook
hildren in Kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. This comprehensive resource is the perfect tool to help young learners improve their handwriting skills while mastering 450 high-frequency sight words. Combining letter tracing with phonics-based activities, this book encourages children to build a strong foundation in reading, spelling, and writing. The activities are carefully structured to reinforce essential literacy skills, helping kids recognize, read, and spell key sight words that form the building blocks of early literacy.Skill-Building for Early LearnersThis book is packed with activities that promote multiple skill sets. Children will not only practice handwriting, but they'll also develop vital phonics knowledge, improve pencil control, enhance motor skills, and broaden their vocabulary. By engaging in these hands-on activities, young learners will strengthen their cognitive and fine motor development, setting them on a path to academic success.Mastering 450 Key Sight WordsThe 450 sight words in this book are carefully selected to align with the most common words that children encounter in early reading materials. By focusing on both beginning sound words and phonics, this book allows children to familiarize themselves with word patterns and phonetic sounds. This combination of sight word recognition and phonics helps children understand how words are constructed, improving their spelling and reading fluency.Dot-to-Dot Tracing MethodThe Dot-to-Dot Tracing Method featured in this book is an effective and enjoyable way for children to learn how to write the alphabet correctly. By tracing dotted lines, young learners can develop proper letter formation and handwriting techniques while reinforcing the spelling of sight words along the way. This structured approach helps children gain confidence in their writing skills, making the learning process both fun and rewarding.Whether used at home or in the classroom, 450 Sight Words Tracing with Phonics is a valuable resource for children in their early learning journey. It's designed to ensure that kids not only learn to write but also excel in their reading and phonics skills, laying the groundwork for future academic success.
Out of Mind
What is the relationship between aesthetic presentation of thought and scientific conceptions of cognition? Torsa Ghosal's Out of Mind: Mode, Mediation, and Cognition in Twenty-First-Century Narrative answers this question by offering incisive commentary on a range of contemporary fictions that combine language, maps, photographs, and other images to portray thought. Situating literature within groundbreaking debates on memory, perception, abstraction, and computation, Ghosal shows how stories not only reflect historical beliefs about how minds work but also participate in their reappraisal. Out of Mind makes a compelling case for understanding narrative forms and cognitive-scientific frameworks as co-emergent and cross-pollinating. To this end, Ghosal harnesses narrative theory, multimodality studies, cognitive sciences, and disability studies to track competing perspectives on remembering, reading, and sense of place and self. Through new readings of the works of Kamila Shamsie, Aleksandar Hemon, Mark Haddon, Lance Olsen, Steve Tomasula, Jonathan Safran Foer, and others, Out of Mind generates unique insights into literary imagination's influence on how we think and perceive amid twenty-first-century social, technological, and environmental changes.
The Fundamentals of English Grammar
English grammar forms the cornerstone of effective communication. For students in grades 5-10, mastering the fundamentals of grammar is crucial for academic success and beyond. This book, "The Fundamentals of English Grammar for Grades 5-10," is designed to provide a comprehensive and accessible guide to the rules and conventions that govern the English language. It aims to equip young learners with the tools they need to express themselves clearly, confidently, and correctly. Understanding grammar is more than just knowing the rules of language; it's about understanding how language works. This book covers all essential aspects of English grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, punctuation, and usage.It also delves into more complex areas such as clauses, phrases, and the intricacies of verb tenses. Each chapter is carefully structured to build on the previous one, ensuring a gradual and thorough understanding of the material. The journey begins with an exploration of the parts of speech. These are the building blocks of sentences and include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Understanding the function of each part of speech is essential for constructing meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. For instance, recognizing the difference between a noun and a pronoun can help students avoid common mistakes such as using "he" instead of "him" in a sentence. By mastering the parts of speech, students can begin to understand how words work together to convey meaning.
The Chinese Rhyme Tables
As the second volume of a two-volume set that studies the Chinese rhyme table, this book seeks to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables based on the extant materials and findings.
Step-By-Step English
STEP-BY-STEP English: A Beginner's Guide to Learning English (with Haitian Creole Translations)Are you eager to learn English but find yourself struggling with confusing lessons and difficult vocabulary? Have you ever wished for a guide that understands your unique challenges as a Haitian Creole speaker? Look no further-STEP-BY-STEP English is here to make your language-learning journey easier, more effective, and tailored specifically to your needs.STEP-BY-STEP English is a carefully crafted resource designed by Myrdeline Raymond, an experienced English teacher who has lived the experience of learning a second language herself. Having grown up speaking Haitian Creole and mastering English later in life, she understands the obstacles faced by new learners, particularly those coming from non-English-speaking backgrounds. This guide offers Haitian Creole translations throughout, making it a must-have for Haitians looking to gain confidence and fluency in English. It takes a unique, step-by-step approach, offering simple explanations, practical exercises, and real-world examples in both English and Haitian Creole. Unlike other English learning books that overwhelm you with technical jargon and complex grammar, STEP-BY-STEP English simplifies the learning process, offering clear guidance that anyone can follow, even without prior experience in English.Whether you're just starting out or have some basic knowledge of English, the inclusion of Haitian Creole translations makes this book especially valuable for Haitians. The book breaks down tricky grammar concepts into easy-to-understand rules, allowing you to build a solid foundation in English. You won't get lost in complex structures or technical terms. The bilingual format of the book, with Haitian Creole translations alongside English lessons, makes it an ideal resource for Haitians. This unique feature allows you to follow along easily, ensuring you understand every concept.With clear examples and bilingual explanations, you'll gain a strong understanding of how English works, enabling you to form sentences with confidence. From greetings and introductions to talking about time, food, and places, you'll learn practical, useful words and phrases.
The Curious Reader’s Field Guide to Nonfiction
Just as a field guide helps you identify plants or birds, this book helps you navigate the rich landscape of nonfiction as an avid reader. Discover how your favorite authors explain complex topics, capture and sustain your attention, and make deep, personal connections with their readers.This is more than a passive guide; it's an interactive companion that supports your lifelong reading journey. Practice spotting techniques "in the wild" and track your responses in the Field Notes. Record your own preferences and favorites in the Field Observations. Use the Book Club discussion questions to spark lively conversations and impress your fellow readers.With this guide by your side, you'll notice and appreciate skillful writing and understand why you love your favorite authors. You'll differentiate between a writer's craft and your personal tastes, helping you choose books that resonate and abandon those that don't, without guilt.Dive back into your nonfiction reading with renewed wonder and a sharper eye. The Curious Reader's Field Guide to Nonfiction is your key to unlocking deeper insights and greater enjoyment in every book you read.
Race, Racism, and Antiracism in Language Education
Building on the 2009 volume, Race, Culture, and Identities in Second Language Education, this book reflects the expansion in research since its publication and offers a wider breadth of perspectives on the complex theoretical terrain of race, racism, and antiracism in language education.
The Verb in Classical Hebrew
The consecutive tenses are fundamental in all descriptions of Classical Hebrew grammar. They are even basic to the textbooks on Biblical Hebrew. Being fundamental in the verbal system, and part of any beginner's grammar, they pose a serious problem to a linguistic understanding of the verbal system, since grammars describe an alternation of 'forms' or 'tenses' in double pairs: wayyiqṭol alternates with its 'equivalent' qaṭal, and wə-qaṭal alternates with its 'equivalent' yiqṭol.This 'enigma' in the verbal system is handled in the book by recognising that the alternation of the consecutive tenses with other tenses, in the reality of the text, represents a linking of clauses. The 'consecutive tenses' are clause-types with a natural language connective wa- directly followed by a finite verbal morpheme, a type of clause that expressed continuity in the earliest stage of Semitic. The commonly held assumption that there is a special 'consecutive waw' is unwarranted. The use of the 'consecutive' clause-types in order to express discourse continuity indicates that Classical Hebrew has retained the old unmarked declarative word order of Semitic syntax. Seen in the light of recent research on the Tiberian reading tradition, the 'consecutive' wayyiqṭol can be analysed as a retention of the old Semitic past perfective *wa-yaqtul, which was pronounced wa-yiqṭol in Classical Hebrew. The 'consecutive' wə-qāṭal (pronounced wa-qaṭal in the classical language) constitutes the result of an internal Hebrew development into a construction (in the sense of Joan Bybee) already foreshadowed in the earliest Northwest Semitic languages.The book understands the 'consecutive tenses' as discourse continuity clauses, which typically form chains of main line clauses. Such chains can be interrupted by other types of clauses. This interruption is a clause linking that receives special attention in the interpretation of the Classical Hebrew verbal system. Chapter six presents a regenerated text linguistics founded on the new terminology. A clause linking approach is the central methodological procedure in this book. To this must be added diachronic typology in a comparative Semitic setting. The linguistic examples of clause linking are gathered from a large Classical Hebrew corpus, the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges, and made searchable in a database of 6559 non-archaic text records.
The Verb in Classical Hebrew
The consecutive tenses are fundamental in all descriptions of Classical Hebrew grammar. They are even basic to the textbooks on Biblical Hebrew. Being fundamental in the verbal system, and part of any beginner's grammar, they pose a serious problem to a linguistic understanding of the verbal system, since grammars describe an alternation of 'forms' or 'tenses' in double pairs: wayyiqṭol alternates with its 'equivalent' qaṭal, and wə-qaṭal alternates with its 'equivalent' yiqṭol.This 'enigma' in the verbal system is handled in the book by recognising that the alternation of the consecutive tenses with other tenses, in the reality of the text, represents a linking of clauses. The 'consecutive tenses' are clause-types with a natural language connective wa- directly followed by a finite verbal morpheme, a type of clause that expressed continuity in the earliest stage of Semitic. The commonly held assumption that there is a special 'consecutive waw' is unwarranted. The use of the 'consecutive' clause-types in order to express discourse continuity indicates that Classical Hebrew has retained the old unmarked declarative word order of Semitic syntax. Seen in the light of recent research on the Tiberian reading tradition, the 'consecutive' wayyiqṭol can be analysed as a retention of the old Semitic past perfective *wa-yaqtul, which was pronounced wa-yiqṭol in Classical Hebrew. The 'consecutive' wə-qāṭal (pronounced wa-qaṭal in the classical language) constitutes the result of an internal Hebrew development into a construction (in the sense of Joan Bybee) already foreshadowed in the earliest Northwest Semitic languages.The book understands the 'consecutive tenses' as discourse continuity clauses, which typically form chains of main line clauses. Such chains can be interrupted by other types of clauses. This interruption is a clause linking that receives special attention in the interpretation of the Classical Hebrew verbal system. Chapter six presents a regenerated text linguistics founded on the new terminology. A clause linking approach is the central methodological procedure in this book. To this must be added diachronic typology in a comparative Semitic setting. The linguistic examples of clause linking are gathered from a large Classical Hebrew corpus, the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges, and made searchable in a database of 6559 non-archaic text records.
Speaking First
Practice makes perfect...This revised edition of sample tests for the Cambridge B2 First Speaking examination has been written to replicate the Cambridge exam experience and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review.Meaningful speaking practiceThis resource aims to provide meaningful speaking practice while following the format of the B2 First Speaking paper.Model answersModel answers and examiner comments are provided for Test 1, allowing teachers and candidates to familiarise themselves with the format and level of the exam, and the type of questions and topics covered.Furthermore, and most importantly, students can learn, through repetitive practice, what to expect on the day of their Speaking test.10 speaking testsThe resource comprises: 10 Speaking tests (Parts 1-4) with mark schemes, model answers and examiner comments (Test 1), providing a large bank of high-quality practice material for students preparing for the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) examination.About the author: Jane Turner is an associate lecturer in EAP/EFL at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, and an EFL materials writer for international exam boards, universities and publishers. She previously worked as a Cambridge ESOL examiner for the British Council, and holds an MA in Educational Management and Cambridge CELTA and DELTA.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
My Vocabulary Notebook
This notebook provides the space for students to write down 500 words that they don't know and their definitions. This enables students to develop personalised word lists of words that they may need that they don't yet know.
Ielts 19 Academic Student’s Book with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank
Authentic examination papers from Cambridge University Press & Assessment provide perfect practice because they are EXACTLY like the real test. Inside IELTS 19 Academic with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank you'll find FOUR complete examination papers plus details of the different parts of the test and the scoring system, so you can familiarise yourself with the Academic test format and practise your exam technique. Download the audio for the Listening tests, example Speaking test videos, answer keys with extra explanations and sample Writing answers (instructions on inner front cover), or access your audio and video directly via QR codes in the book.
Ielts 19 General Training Student's Book with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank
Authentic examination papers from Cambridge University Press & Assessment provide perfect practice because they are EXACTLY like the real test. Inside IELTS 19 General Training with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank you'll find FOUR complete examination papers plus details of the different parts of the test and the scoring system, so you can familiarise yourself with the General test format and practise your exam technique. Download the audio for the Listening tests, example Speaking test videos, answer keys with extra explanations and sample Writing answers (instructions on inner front cover), or access your audio and video directly via QR codes in the book.
Marqueurs M矇talinguistiques: ?mergence, Discours, Variation /Metalinguistic Markers: Emergence, Discourse, Variation
Le pr矇sent ouvrage propose une approche des marqueurs discursifs dans leur dimension r矇flexive, en tant qu'ils renvoient aux activit矇s m矇talinguistiques, indissociables du fonctionnement du langage. Se r矇clamant de traditions th矇oriques et m矇thodologiques diverses (analyse du/des discours, approche du m矇tadiscours, traductologie), les textes r矇unis dans ce volume interrogent les m矇canismes d'矇mergence des marqueurs m矇talinguistiques (grammaticalisation, pragmaticalisation, cooptation, lexicalisation, constructionnalisation), leur fonctionnement s矇mantico-pragmatique dans diff矇rents types de discours g矇n矇ral ou de sp矇cialit矇, ainsi que leur rapport ? la variation linguistique, ? partir de corpus oraux et/ou 矇crits.
Listening C2
Practice makes perfect...Parts 1-4 of the Cambridge C2 Proficiency Listening paper assess candidates' abilities to follow a diverse range of spoken English, and to understand the speakers' personal opinions and attitudes, specific information being conveyed and also the general meaning of lengthier monologues.This resource comprises six exam-styled Listening tests, downloadable audio files, answer keys and transcripts.This edition of sample tests has been written to closely replicate the Cambridge exam experience, and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review. You or your students, if you are a teacher, will hopefully enjoy the wide range of assessment topics and benefit from the repetitive practice, something that is key to preparing for this part of the test.About the authors: Fiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Listening C1
Practice makes perfect...Parts 1-4 of the Cambridge C1 Advanced Listening paper assess candidates' abilities to follow a diverse range of spoken English, and to understand the speakers' personal opinions and attitudes, specific information being conveyed and also the general meaning of lengthier monologues.This resource comprises six exam-styled Listening tests, downloadable audio files, answer keys and transcripts.This edition of sample tests has been written to closely replicate the Cambridge exam experience, and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review. You or your students, if you are a teacher, will hopefully enjoy the wide range of assessment topics and benefit from the repetitive practice, something that is key to preparing for this part of the test.About the authors: Fiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
The Truth about English Grammar
Do you worry that your understanding of English grammar isn't what it should be? It may not be your fault. For hundreds of years, vague and confused ideas about how to state the rules have been passed down from one generation to the next. The available books for the general reader - thousands of them, shamelessly plagiarizing each other - repeat the same misguided definitions and generalizations that appeared in the schoolbooks used by your great-great-grandparents.Geoffrey K. Pullum thinks you deserve better. In this book he breaks away from the tradition. Presupposing no prior knowledge or technical terms, he provides an informal introduction to the essential concepts underlying grammar and usage. With his foundation, you will be equipped to understand the classification of words, the structure of phrases and clauses, and why some supposed grammar rules are really just myths. Also covered are some of the key points about spelling, apostrophes, hyphens, capitalization, and punctuation.Illuminating, witty, and incisive, The Truth About English Grammar is a vital book for all who love writing, reading, and thinking about English.
English for Everyone Everyday English
Speak English with confidence in a wide range of everyday situations, from making small talk to booking a trip abroad. With more than 1,500 of the most useful phrases and common expressions, English for Everyone: Everyday English gives you all the English conversation skills you need to get by in the real world. This engaging and accessible book covers a wide range of real-life topics and scenarios - from everyday activities, such as going to the supermarket and making appointments, to key communication skills, such as comforting someone and dealing with conflict. You'll learn how to welcome visitors, ask for directions, give a presentation at work, find somewhere to live, order a meal out, and much, much more. Each short unit uses memorable, true-to-life dialogues to introduce a new topic, followed by practice exercises to reinforce the new words and phrases that you have learned. The dialogues are accompanied by attractive illustrations and brought to life by animated videos and audio featuring speakers of English as a first language, all available on the free English for Everyone website and app. Whether you need to learn English for work, study, travel, or relocation, English for Everyone: Everyday English is the perfect companion to help you take your English skills to the next level.
Universal Grammar and Iconicity
Within linguistics, the formal and functional approaches each offer insight into what language might be and how it operates, but so far, there have been hardly any systematic attempts to integrate them into a single theory. This book explores the relationship between universal grammar - the theory that we have an innate mechanism for generating sentences - and iconicity - the resemblance between form and meaning in language. It offers a new theory of their interactions, 'UG-iconicity interface' (UG-I), which shows that not only do universal grammar and iconicity coexist, but in fact collaborate in intricate and predictable ways. The theory explains various recalcitrant cross-linguistic facts surrounding the serial verb constructions, coordination, semantically and categorically obscure 'linkers', the multiple grammatical aspects of the external argument, and non-canonical arguments. This groundbreaking work is essential reading for researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics, as well as scholars in psychology and cognitive science.
A Phonological History of Chinese
The phonological history of Chinese can be traced back to two main traditions: one starting with the Qieyun of 601, and the other starting with the Zhongyuan Yinyun of 1324. The former marks the beginning of Middle Chinese, and the latter marks the beginning of Old Mandarin. Both of these systems, as well as reconstructed Old Chinese, should be understood as ideal phonological standards and composite in nature. Until modern times, phonological standards were never based strictly on the phonology of a single dialect. This book provides the first study written in English, of the phonological history of Chinese. It provides information about the standard phonological systems for each of the language's major historical periods, drawing on a range of historical materials such as dictionaries, rhyming tables and poetry, and is the reference book for understanding the key developments in the Chinese sound system.
English
English in Ten Chapters and Twelve Simple Tips has short imaginative stories with basic tips aimed for students who would like to explore and get familiarized with grammar rules and experiences. This book will provide the following: Grammar review Short reading comprehension stories Critical thinking questions Vocabulary practice and reinforcement Tips for independent study
Manual For Reading Short Stories
Reading books is considered to be one of the best ways to enhance English language as well as to widen reader's world outlook. Reading this book, readers will not only enjoy discovering different words in English, but also they will learn different grammatical structure as well as words used regularly. There are many useful activities in the book that help a reader more effectively. This book consists of five different and entertaining short stories in English. The stories, which were written by different authors are for pre-intermediate learners.
Latin Redux
For many Latin students, the second year of study marks an exciting turning point. Having learned the basics of grammar and vocabulary, they are finally ready to encounter "real" Latin authors, usually Caesar or Cicero, for the first time. Yet these same students often grow frustrated when they realize their grasp of Latin grammar is not as solid as they would wish. This student-friendly handbook offers intermediate learners a targeted review of the essentials of Latin grammar, enabling them to read assigned texts with greater facility. The fifteen lessons in Latin Redux focus on topics that many students do not learn thoroughly in the first year, such as gerunds and gerundives, or that are sometimes omitted for lack of time, such as subordinate clauses in indirect discourse. The lessons are presented in order of difficulty, but they can be used in any order and can all be completed within a single semester. After reviewing these lessons in grammar and syntax, students will be more confident when they encounter the same structures in their readings. As the first book of its kind to supplement the curriculum of intermediate students, Latin Redux fills an important niche in Latin instruction. Classroom tested by the author, the handbook complements any Latin prose or poetry readings an instructor might select. Adding to its appeal, each chapter includes a fun "Lingua Latina Ubique" (Latin Language Everywhere) section that highlights how much Latin we use every day. The volume is further enhanced by Latin-to-English and English-to-Latin glossaries and a grammatical appendix.
The Hunting of the Snark
"The Hunting of the Snark" was first published in 1876, eleven years after "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and four years after "Through the Looking-Glass". It is a master-piece of nonsense and is connected to "Through the Looking-Glass" by its use of vocabulary from the poem "Jabberwocky". "The Hunting of the Snark" is a strangely dark poem, and some critics believe that its themes-insanity and death-are rather too adult in nature for children's literature. We know, nonetheless, that Lewis Carroll intended the poem to be enjoyed by children: he dedicated the book in acrostic verse to his young friend Gertrude Chataway, and signed some 80 presentation copies to other young readers. Many of those inscriptions were in the form of an acrostic based upon the name of the child to whom the book was presented. Part of the pleasure of reading this book is in the inevitable musing about what it means. Its author, often asked to explain his work, invariably replies that he does not know. It is therefore open to readers of the poem to decide the question for themselves... The Deseret alphabet was developed in the mid-19th century by the board of regents of the University of Deseret (later the University of Utah) under the direction of Brigham Young, second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was intended to help make learning to write English easier. This wasn't very successful, though the alphabet does have interesting phonemic features, as well as being a fascinating part of Mormon history. This edition of "The Hunting of the Snark" is written entirely in that same alphabet, with fonts specially designed by John H. Jenkins and Michael Everson.
