B2 Listening
Preparation for the Cambridge B2 FirstThere are four parts to the B2 First Listening exam.Write-in student bookThis write-in student book focuses on each exam part individually, explaining its characteristics and providing guidance on how to respond to the questions.In preparation for taking on several exam-styled texts and questions, each unit contains a series of practice exercises with detailed answer keys that clarify how and why answers are correct.Full-length exam-styled texts with answer keysFor each exam part, there are two full-length exam-styled texts with questions and answer keys that explain why the correct answers are correct as well as pointing out why candidates may have chosen incorrect answers.Additional practice testsThe additional four exam-styled practice tests included in this resource will allow the reader to consolidate their approach to the different types of reading task that will be assessed.About the authorsFiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Effects of Orthography on Second Language Phonology
This is the first book devoted to the effects of orthographic forms (spellings) on second language phonology.Written by one of the pioneer researchers in the field, the book provides an authoritative overview of the effects of spellings on the perception, production, awareness, learning and teaching of sounds and spoken words in a second language. Using the findings and implications from a large-scale research project at its centre, the book reveals that English consonants spelled with double letters lead Italian learners and users of English as a second language to perceive, produce, classify, and learn English consonants as geminates (long consonants).Presenting a narrative of a second language research project, and discussing its implications, the book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of orthography, phonology, and speech and language perception. Language teaching practitioners will also find the book useful.
Textbook 4.0 - From Paper-Based Textbooks with Digital Components to Interactive Teaching and Learning Environments
For over four decades, textbooks have been enhanced with digital components, and today, it is almost impossible to find a textbook that does not contain any. Does this mean that textbooks have been fully digitalized and that we have reached a point where the integration of digital media into textbooks is the norm? Since there is no clear consensus on what is meant by the digitalization of textbooks, there is no simple answer to this question. This edited volume, therefore, attempts to clarify the respective terminology as a starting point. Through a multi-perspective approach and the joint conceptual considerations of various experts, it then provides insights into the historical processes of the increasing digitalization of textbooks, into evaluations of the current status quo, and into considerations of different and innovative design options for future interactive learning and teaching environments. In doing so, it identifies deficiencies and challenges and offers perspectives for new developments.
A Room of One's Own One
Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own is a seminal essay that explores the intersection of gender and literature, advocating for women's intellectual freedom and creative independence. Through a blend of personal narrative, historical analysis, and feminist critique, Woolf argues that a woman must have financial independence and a private space-both literally and metaphorically-to write and create. The essay is rich with Woolf's signature lyrical prose, weaving together reflections on the societal constraints faced by women writers throughout history. It challenges the patriarchal structures that have historically marginalized women's voices, making a compelling case for the necessity of both physical and mental space for women to flourish as artists. A Room of One's Own remains a powerful and thought-provoking work that continues to inspire discussions about gender, creativity, and the importance of self-determination in the pursuit of artistic expression.
An Atlas of Endangered Alphabets
A global exploration of the many writing systems that are on the verge of vanishing, and the stories and cultures they carry with them. If something is important, we write it down. Yet 85% of the world's writing systems are on the verge of vanishing - not granted official status, not taught in schools, discouraged and dismissed. When a culture is forced to abandon its traditional script, everything it has written for hundreds of years - sacred texts, poems, personal correspondence, legal documents, the collective experience, wisdom and identity of a people - is lost. This Atlas is about those writing systems, and the people who are trying to save them. From the ancient holy alphabets of the Middle East, now used only by tiny sects, to newly created African alphabets designed to keep cultural traditions alive in the twenty-first century: from a Sudanese script based on the ownership marks traditionally branded into camels, to a secret system used in one corner of China exclusively by women to record the songs and stories of their inner selves: this unique book profiles dozens of scripts and the cultures they encapsulate, offering glimpses of worlds unknown to us - and ways of saving them from vanishing entirely.
New Perspectives on English Word Stress
New Perspectives on English Word Stress explores the mechanism of word stress assignment in contemporary English from different methodological and theoretical perspectives. Comprising nine chapters, these approaches include a historical overview of the study of stress; the relationship between historic changes in stress and meaning; the relationship between spelling and stress; syllable weight and stress; the theoretical treatment of exceptions; stress mechanisms in Australian English; and stress in Singapore English. The book presents new data and provides the reader with access to various approaches to English word stress in phonology.
English for Everyone Ingl矇s Para El D穩a a D穩a (Everyday English Spanish Edition)
癒Lleva tus habilidades de comunicaci籀n en ingl矇s a otro nivel! Si necesitas aprender ingl矇s para trabajar, estudiar, viajar o incluso mudarte, este libro ser獺 tu mayor aliado.English for Everyone: Everyday English te ayuda a expresarte en ingl矇s en tu d穩a a d穩a con confianza. Aprende a comunicarte en diferentes escenarios del mundo real, desde actividades como ir al supermercado, pedir comida a domicilio o concertar citas, hasta conversaciones clave como consolar a alguien o lidiar con un conflicto. En las p獺ginas de este libro de ingl矇s para j籀venes y adultos, encontrar獺s: M獺s de 1500 frases y expresiones 繳tiles para practicar tu ingl矇s.Cada unidad incluye di獺logos realistas y f獺ciles de memorizar.Ejercicios pr獺cticos para reforzar el vocabulario y las frases que has aprendido en cada tema.Atractivas im獺genes que acompa簽an los diferentes di獺logos.V穩deos y audios de hablantes de ingl矇s nativos, disponibles en nuestra p獺gina web y aplicaci籀n gratuitas.Una excelente herramienta de apoyo tanto para estudiantes que est獺n preparando sus ex獺menes oficiales TOEFL, IELTS y TOEIC, como para viajeros o profesores. Mejora tu ingl矇s oral de forma amena y divertida y enfr矇ntate a situaciones cotidianas, como charlas en la oficina o reservas de viajes, m獺s f獺cilmente. La colecci籀n English for Everyone de DK es una forma f獺cil y divertida de aprender ingl矇s. Con audios de apoyo e innovadores ejercicios que cubren todos los aspectos clave del idioma, estos libros ilustrados sustituyen complicadas explicaciones por im獺genes y gr獺ficos claros, para aprender visualmente y que la gram獺tica y el vocabulario resulten f獺ciles de recordar. 癒Aprender ingl矇s no ha sido nunca tan f獺cil! Speak English with confidence in a wide range of everyday situations, from making small talk to booking a trip abroad. With more than 1,500 of the most useful phrases and common expressions, English for Everyone: Everyday English gives you all the English conversation skills you need to get by in the real world. This engaging and accessible book covers a wide range of real-life topics and scenarios - from everyday activities, such as going to the supermarket and making appointments, to key communication skills, such as comforting someone and dealing with conflict. You'll learn how to welcome visitors, ask for directions, give a presentation at work, find somewhere to live, order a meal out, and much, much more. Each short unit uses memorable, true-to-life dialogues to introduce a new topic, followed by practice exercises to reinforce the new words and phrases that you have learned. The dialogues are accompanied by attractive illustrations and brought to life by animated videos and audio featuring speakers of English as a first language, all available on the free English for Everyone website and app. Whether you need to learn English for work, study, travel, or relocation, English for Everyone: Everyday English is the perfect companion to help you take your English skills to the next level.
Second Language Pronunciation
In the field of second language (L2) acquisition, the number of studies focusing on L2 pronunciation instruction and perceptual/production training has increased as new classroom methodologies have been proposed and new goals for L2 pronunciation have been set. This book brings together different approaches to L2 pronunciation research in the classroom or in the language laboratory. 13 chapters, written by well-known researchers focusing on a variety of first and target languages, are divided into four parts: Pronunciation development and intelligibility: implications for teaching and training studies; L2 pronunciation teaching; L2 pronunciation training: implications for the classroom; and Pronunciation in the laboratory: High Variability Phonetic Training. Intended for researchers in the fields of second language acquisition, phonetics, phonology, psycholinguistics, speech therapies, speech technology, as well as second language teaching, this book not only summarizes the current research questions on L2 pronunciation teaching and training, but also predicts future scenarios for both researchers and practitioners in the field.
Lexicography of Coronavirus-Related Neologisms
This volume brings together contributions by international experts reflecting on Covid19-related neologisms and their lexicographic processing and representation. The papers analyze new words, new meanings of existing words, and new multiword units, where they come from, how they are transmitted (or differ) across languages, and how their use and meaning are reflected in dictionaries of all sorts. Recent trends in as many as ten languages are considered, including general and specialized language, monolingual as well as bilingual and printed as well as online dictionaries.
450 Sight Words Tracing Workbook
hildren in Kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. This comprehensive resource is the perfect tool to help young learners improve their handwriting skills while mastering 450 high-frequency sight words. Combining letter tracing with phonics-based activities, this book encourages children to build a strong foundation in reading, spelling, and writing. The activities are carefully structured to reinforce essential literacy skills, helping kids recognize, read, and spell key sight words that form the building blocks of early literacy.Skill-Building for Early LearnersThis book is packed with activities that promote multiple skill sets. Children will not only practice handwriting, but they'll also develop vital phonics knowledge, improve pencil control, enhance motor skills, and broaden their vocabulary. By engaging in these hands-on activities, young learners will strengthen their cognitive and fine motor development, setting them on a path to academic success.Mastering 450 Key Sight WordsThe 450 sight words in this book are carefully selected to align with the most common words that children encounter in early reading materials. By focusing on both beginning sound words and phonics, this book allows children to familiarize themselves with word patterns and phonetic sounds. This combination of sight word recognition and phonics helps children understand how words are constructed, improving their spelling and reading fluency.Dot-to-Dot Tracing MethodThe Dot-to-Dot Tracing Method featured in this book is an effective and enjoyable way for children to learn how to write the alphabet correctly. By tracing dotted lines, young learners can develop proper letter formation and handwriting techniques while reinforcing the spelling of sight words along the way. This structured approach helps children gain confidence in their writing skills, making the learning process both fun and rewarding.Whether used at home or in the classroom, 450 Sight Words Tracing with Phonics is a valuable resource for children in their early learning journey. It's designed to ensure that kids not only learn to write but also excel in their reading and phonics skills, laying the groundwork for future academic success.
Segmental Structure and Representations
Representing Phonological DetailPart I: Segmental Structure and RepresentationsPart II: Syllable, Stress and Sign Part I of Representing Phonological Detail focuses on the latest phonological research on a range of issues. The first main theme in this volume is vowel representation, with special attention paid to topics such as vowel harmony and other vocalic processes (e.g., historical umlaut, vowel epenthesis, and the representation of vowel quality and height). The second main theme is consonant representation and consonantal processes (including laryngeal phonology and stop insertion). Finally, the acquisition of phonology and the interface between phonology and morphosyntax are examined, attending in particular to boundary symbols, morphological blends, and the status of recursion in phonology and syntax.
Syllable, Stress, and Sign
Representing Phonological DetailPart I: Segmental Structure and RepresentationsPart II: Syllable, Stress and Sign Part II of Representing Phonological Detail focuses on the latest phonological research on suprasegmental structure and sign language. The first main theme in this volume is syllable structure, touching on phonotactics, syllabification, gemination, syllable weight, diphthongization, and other rules. The other main theme is tone and stress, including issues in data collection, the assignment of primary and secondary stress, resolution of stress clashes, lexical accent, and syntax-tone interaction. The final section is on sign language, with special attention paid to iconicity, phonological processes, and the relation between phonetic and phonological representation.
Out of Mind
What is the relationship between aesthetic presentation of thought and scientific conceptions of cognition? Torsa Ghosal's Out of Mind: Mode, Mediation, and Cognition in Twenty-First-Century Narrative answers this question by offering incisive commentary on a range of contemporary fictions that combine language, maps, photographs, and other images to portray thought. Situating literature within groundbreaking debates on memory, perception, abstraction, and computation, Ghosal shows how stories not only reflect historical beliefs about how minds work but also participate in their reappraisal. Out of Mind makes a compelling case for understanding narrative forms and cognitive-scientific frameworks as co-emergent and cross-pollinating. To this end, Ghosal harnesses narrative theory, multimodality studies, cognitive sciences, and disability studies to track competing perspectives on remembering, reading, and sense of place and self. Through new readings of the works of Kamila Shamsie, Aleksandar Hemon, Mark Haddon, Lance Olsen, Steve Tomasula, Jonathan Safran Foer, and others, Out of Mind generates unique insights into literary imagination's influence on how we think and perceive amid twenty-first-century social, technological, and environmental changes.
The Fundamentals of English Grammar
English grammar forms the cornerstone of effective communication. For students in grades 5-10, mastering the fundamentals of grammar is crucial for academic success and beyond. This book, "The Fundamentals of English Grammar for Grades 5-10," is designed to provide a comprehensive and accessible guide to the rules and conventions that govern the English language. It aims to equip young learners with the tools they need to express themselves clearly, confidently, and correctly. Understanding grammar is more than just knowing the rules of language; it's about understanding how language works. This book covers all essential aspects of English grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, punctuation, and usage.It also delves into more complex areas such as clauses, phrases, and the intricacies of verb tenses. Each chapter is carefully structured to build on the previous one, ensuring a gradual and thorough understanding of the material. The journey begins with an exploration of the parts of speech. These are the building blocks of sentences and include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Understanding the function of each part of speech is essential for constructing meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. For instance, recognizing the difference between a noun and a pronoun can help students avoid common mistakes such as using "he" instead of "him" in a sentence. By mastering the parts of speech, students can begin to understand how words work together to convey meaning.
The Chinese Rhyme Tables
As the second volume of a two-volume set that studies the Chinese rhyme table, this book seeks to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables based on the extant materials and findings.
Step-By-Step English
STEP-BY-STEP English: A Beginner's Guide to Learning English (with Haitian Creole Translations)Are you eager to learn English but find yourself struggling with confusing lessons and difficult vocabulary? Have you ever wished for a guide that understands your unique challenges as a Haitian Creole speaker? Look no further-STEP-BY-STEP English is here to make your language-learning journey easier, more effective, and tailored specifically to your needs.STEP-BY-STEP English is a carefully crafted resource designed by Myrdeline Raymond, an experienced English teacher who has lived the experience of learning a second language herself. Having grown up speaking Haitian Creole and mastering English later in life, she understands the obstacles faced by new learners, particularly those coming from non-English-speaking backgrounds. This guide offers Haitian Creole translations throughout, making it a must-have for Haitians looking to gain confidence and fluency in English. It takes a unique, step-by-step approach, offering simple explanations, practical exercises, and real-world examples in both English and Haitian Creole. Unlike other English learning books that overwhelm you with technical jargon and complex grammar, STEP-BY-STEP English simplifies the learning process, offering clear guidance that anyone can follow, even without prior experience in English.Whether you're just starting out or have some basic knowledge of English, the inclusion of Haitian Creole translations makes this book especially valuable for Haitians. The book breaks down tricky grammar concepts into easy-to-understand rules, allowing you to build a solid foundation in English. You won't get lost in complex structures or technical terms. The bilingual format of the book, with Haitian Creole translations alongside English lessons, makes it an ideal resource for Haitians. This unique feature allows you to follow along easily, ensuring you understand every concept.With clear examples and bilingual explanations, you'll gain a strong understanding of how English works, enabling you to form sentences with confidence. From greetings and introductions to talking about time, food, and places, you'll learn practical, useful words and phrases.
The Curious Reader’s Field Guide to Nonfiction
Just as a field guide helps you identify plants or birds, this book helps you navigate the rich landscape of nonfiction as an avid reader. Discover how your favorite authors explain complex topics, capture and sustain your attention, and make deep, personal connections with their readers.This is more than a passive guide; it's an interactive companion that supports your lifelong reading journey. Practice spotting techniques "in the wild" and track your responses in the Field Notes. Record your own preferences and favorites in the Field Observations. Use the Book Club discussion questions to spark lively conversations and impress your fellow readers.With this guide by your side, you'll notice and appreciate skillful writing and understand why you love your favorite authors. You'll differentiate between a writer's craft and your personal tastes, helping you choose books that resonate and abandon those that don't, without guilt.Dive back into your nonfiction reading with renewed wonder and a sharper eye. The Curious Reader's Field Guide to Nonfiction is your key to unlocking deeper insights and greater enjoyment in every book you read.
Race, Racism, and Antiracism in Language Education
Building on the 2009 volume, Race, Culture, and Identities in Second Language Education, this book reflects the expansion in research since its publication and offers a wider breadth of perspectives on the complex theoretical terrain of race, racism, and antiracism in language education.
The Verb in Classical Hebrew
The consecutive tenses are fundamental in all descriptions of Classical Hebrew grammar. They are even basic to the textbooks on Biblical Hebrew. Being fundamental in the verbal system, and part of any beginner's grammar, they pose a serious problem to a linguistic understanding of the verbal system, since grammars describe an alternation of 'forms' or 'tenses' in double pairs: wayyiqṭol alternates with its 'equivalent' qaṭal, and wə-qaṭal alternates with its 'equivalent' yiqṭol.This 'enigma' in the verbal system is handled in the book by recognising that the alternation of the consecutive tenses with other tenses, in the reality of the text, represents a linking of clauses. The 'consecutive tenses' are clause-types with a natural language connective wa- directly followed by a finite verbal morpheme, a type of clause that expressed continuity in the earliest stage of Semitic. The commonly held assumption that there is a special 'consecutive waw' is unwarranted. The use of the 'consecutive' clause-types in order to express discourse continuity indicates that Classical Hebrew has retained the old unmarked declarative word order of Semitic syntax. Seen in the light of recent research on the Tiberian reading tradition, the 'consecutive' wayyiqṭol can be analysed as a retention of the old Semitic past perfective *wa-yaqtul, which was pronounced wa-yiqṭol in Classical Hebrew. The 'consecutive' wə-qāṭal (pronounced wa-qaṭal in the classical language) constitutes the result of an internal Hebrew development into a construction (in the sense of Joan Bybee) already foreshadowed in the earliest Northwest Semitic languages.The book understands the 'consecutive tenses' as discourse continuity clauses, which typically form chains of main line clauses. Such chains can be interrupted by other types of clauses. This interruption is a clause linking that receives special attention in the interpretation of the Classical Hebrew verbal system. Chapter six presents a regenerated text linguistics founded on the new terminology. A clause linking approach is the central methodological procedure in this book. To this must be added diachronic typology in a comparative Semitic setting. The linguistic examples of clause linking are gathered from a large Classical Hebrew corpus, the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges, and made searchable in a database of 6559 non-archaic text records.
The Verb in Classical Hebrew
The consecutive tenses are fundamental in all descriptions of Classical Hebrew grammar. They are even basic to the textbooks on Biblical Hebrew. Being fundamental in the verbal system, and part of any beginner's grammar, they pose a serious problem to a linguistic understanding of the verbal system, since grammars describe an alternation of 'forms' or 'tenses' in double pairs: wayyiqṭol alternates with its 'equivalent' qaṭal, and wə-qaṭal alternates with its 'equivalent' yiqṭol.This 'enigma' in the verbal system is handled in the book by recognising that the alternation of the consecutive tenses with other tenses, in the reality of the text, represents a linking of clauses. The 'consecutive tenses' are clause-types with a natural language connective wa- directly followed by a finite verbal morpheme, a type of clause that expressed continuity in the earliest stage of Semitic. The commonly held assumption that there is a special 'consecutive waw' is unwarranted. The use of the 'consecutive' clause-types in order to express discourse continuity indicates that Classical Hebrew has retained the old unmarked declarative word order of Semitic syntax. Seen in the light of recent research on the Tiberian reading tradition, the 'consecutive' wayyiqṭol can be analysed as a retention of the old Semitic past perfective *wa-yaqtul, which was pronounced wa-yiqṭol in Classical Hebrew. The 'consecutive' wə-qāṭal (pronounced wa-qaṭal in the classical language) constitutes the result of an internal Hebrew development into a construction (in the sense of Joan Bybee) already foreshadowed in the earliest Northwest Semitic languages.The book understands the 'consecutive tenses' as discourse continuity clauses, which typically form chains of main line clauses. Such chains can be interrupted by other types of clauses. This interruption is a clause linking that receives special attention in the interpretation of the Classical Hebrew verbal system. Chapter six presents a regenerated text linguistics founded on the new terminology. A clause linking approach is the central methodological procedure in this book. To this must be added diachronic typology in a comparative Semitic setting. The linguistic examples of clause linking are gathered from a large Classical Hebrew corpus, the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges, and made searchable in a database of 6559 non-archaic text records.
Speaking First
Practice makes perfect...This revised edition of sample tests for the Cambridge B2 First Speaking examination has been written to replicate the Cambridge exam experience and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review.Meaningful speaking practiceThis resource aims to provide meaningful speaking practice while following the format of the B2 First Speaking paper.Model answersModel answers and examiner comments are provided for Test 1, allowing teachers and candidates to familiarise themselves with the format and level of the exam, and the type of questions and topics covered.Furthermore, and most importantly, students can learn, through repetitive practice, what to expect on the day of their Speaking test.10 speaking testsThe resource comprises: 10 Speaking tests (Parts 1-4) with mark schemes, model answers and examiner comments (Test 1), providing a large bank of high-quality practice material for students preparing for the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) examination.About the author: Jane Turner is an associate lecturer in EAP/EFL at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, and an EFL materials writer for international exam boards, universities and publishers. She previously worked as a Cambridge ESOL examiner for the British Council, and holds an MA in Educational Management and Cambridge CELTA and DELTA.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
My Vocabulary Notebook
This notebook provides the space for students to write down 500 words that they don't know and their definitions. This enables students to develop personalised word lists of words that they may need that they don't yet know.
Ielts 19 Academic Student’s Book with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank
Authentic examination papers from Cambridge University Press & Assessment provide perfect practice because they are EXACTLY like the real test. Inside IELTS 19 Academic with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank you'll find FOUR complete examination papers plus details of the different parts of the test and the scoring system, so you can familiarise yourself with the Academic test format and practise your exam technique. Download the audio for the Listening tests, example Speaking test videos, answer keys with extra explanations and sample Writing answers (instructions on inner front cover), or access your audio and video directly via QR codes in the book.
Ielts 19 General Training Student's Book with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank
Authentic examination papers from Cambridge University Press & Assessment provide perfect practice because they are EXACTLY like the real test. Inside IELTS 19 General Training with Answers with Audio with Resource Bank you'll find FOUR complete examination papers plus details of the different parts of the test and the scoring system, so you can familiarise yourself with the General test format and practise your exam technique. Download the audio for the Listening tests, example Speaking test videos, answer keys with extra explanations and sample Writing answers (instructions on inner front cover), or access your audio and video directly via QR codes in the book.
Marqueurs M矇talinguistiques: ?mergence, Discours, Variation /Metalinguistic Markers: Emergence, Discourse, Variation
Le pr矇sent ouvrage propose une approche des marqueurs discursifs dans leur dimension r矇flexive, en tant qu'ils renvoient aux activit矇s m矇talinguistiques, indissociables du fonctionnement du langage. Se r矇clamant de traditions th矇oriques et m矇thodologiques diverses (analyse du/des discours, approche du m矇tadiscours, traductologie), les textes r矇unis dans ce volume interrogent les m矇canismes d'矇mergence des marqueurs m矇talinguistiques (grammaticalisation, pragmaticalisation, cooptation, lexicalisation, constructionnalisation), leur fonctionnement s矇mantico-pragmatique dans diff矇rents types de discours g矇n矇ral ou de sp矇cialit矇, ainsi que leur rapport ? la variation linguistique, ? partir de corpus oraux et/ou 矇crits.
Anglo-American and Polish Proverbs with Direct Nominal Exponents of Traditional Values
The main purpose of the publication is to present a linguo-cultural picture of traditional values (such as the value of life, freedom, dignity, family, religion, community, truth, good, beauty, and God) reflected in Anglo-American and Polish paremiological units. The author analyses the proverbs featuring direct nominal exponents of traditional values with the use of semantic approach and divides them into several thematic categories and subcategories related to the sphere of values. Paremiological analysis carried out from a contrastive perspective provides additional evidence to support the claim that, despite some widespread axiological views common to languages, there exist distinct differences characteristic only of a given linguo-culture, naturally caused by different, among others, geographical, historical, social, and cultural environments.
Listening C1
Practice makes perfect...Parts 1-4 of the Cambridge C1 Advanced Listening paper assess candidates' abilities to follow a diverse range of spoken English, and to understand the speakers' personal opinions and attitudes, specific information being conveyed and also the general meaning of lengthier monologues.This resource comprises six exam-styled Listening tests, downloadable audio files, answer keys and transcripts.This edition of sample tests has been written to closely replicate the Cambridge exam experience, and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review. You or your students, if you are a teacher, will hopefully enjoy the wide range of assessment topics and benefit from the repetitive practice, something that is key to preparing for this part of the test.About the authors: Fiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Listening C2
Practice makes perfect...Parts 1-4 of the Cambridge C2 Proficiency Listening paper assess candidates' abilities to follow a diverse range of spoken English, and to understand the speakers' personal opinions and attitudes, specific information being conveyed and also the general meaning of lengthier monologues.This resource comprises six exam-styled Listening tests, downloadable audio files, answer keys and transcripts.This edition of sample tests has been written to closely replicate the Cambridge exam experience, and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review. You or your students, if you are a teacher, will hopefully enjoy the wide range of assessment topics and benefit from the repetitive practice, something that is key to preparing for this part of the test.About the authors: Fiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson are directors of Target English, a consultancy that provides tailor-made solutions in content creation, course provision, training and testing. They have co-written several leading titles in English exam preparation, and create materials and assessment resources for a range of educational providers. They are DELTA-qualified and hold MAs in ELT and Applied Linguistics and Language Testing, respectively.For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 4 with the Spark Platform
Pathways is a best-selling, five-level academic skills series that combines highly visual, real-world content and rigorous language instruction to help students develop the skills, language, and critical thinking they need for academic success. Exploring academic topics through authentic videos, photos, and infographics, students connect to ideas while building academic competence skills through collaboration, communication, and problem-solving. Pathways helps students to improve the academic and interpersonal skills needed to succeed in and out of the classroom.
English for Everyone Everyday English
Speak English with confidence in a wide range of everyday situations, from making small talk to booking a trip abroad. With more than 1,500 of the most useful phrases and common expressions, English for Everyone: Everyday English gives you all the English conversation skills you need to get by in the real world. This engaging and accessible book covers a wide range of real-life topics and scenarios - from everyday activities, such as going to the supermarket and making appointments, to key communication skills, such as comforting someone and dealing with conflict. You'll learn how to welcome visitors, ask for directions, give a presentation at work, find somewhere to live, order a meal out, and much, much more. Each short unit uses memorable, true-to-life dialogues to introduce a new topic, followed by practice exercises to reinforce the new words and phrases that you have learned. The dialogues are accompanied by attractive illustrations and brought to life by animated videos and audio featuring speakers of English as a first language, all available on the free English for Everyone website and app. Whether you need to learn English for work, study, travel, or relocation, English for Everyone: Everyday English is the perfect companion to help you take your English skills to the next level.
Whanau
Ignite your interest in te reo Māori with Whānau, a starting point for your language journey or a way to build on what you already know. Most of all, sow the seed of the Māori language within your home and see it bloom in the fertile soils of te ūkaipō. Phrases include: Me poho kererū. Be proud.Mei kore ake koe. Thank goodness you're here. Chapters include: 1. Te Kōrero ki tō Whānau: Speaking with Your Whānau2. Te Kōrero mō ngā Kare ā-Roto: Expressing Your Feelings with Your Whānau3. Hei Whakatītina i tō Whānau: Encouraging Your Whānau4. Te Whakanui me te Tautoko i tō Whānau: Celebrating and Supporting Your Whānau
Universal Grammar and Iconicity
Within linguistics, the formal and functional approaches each offer insight into what language might be and how it operates, but so far, there have been hardly any systematic attempts to integrate them into a single theory. This book explores the relationship between universal grammar - the theory that we have an innate mechanism for generating sentences - and iconicity - the resemblance between form and meaning in language. It offers a new theory of their interactions, 'UG-iconicity interface' (UG-I), which shows that not only do universal grammar and iconicity coexist, but in fact collaborate in intricate and predictable ways. The theory explains various recalcitrant cross-linguistic facts surrounding the serial verb constructions, coordination, semantically and categorically obscure 'linkers', the multiple grammatical aspects of the external argument, and non-canonical arguments. This groundbreaking work is essential reading for researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics, as well as scholars in psychology and cognitive science.
A Phonological History of Chinese
The phonological history of Chinese can be traced back to two main traditions: one starting with the Qieyun of 601, and the other starting with the Zhongyuan Yinyun of 1324. The former marks the beginning of Middle Chinese, and the latter marks the beginning of Old Mandarin. Both of these systems, as well as reconstructed Old Chinese, should be understood as ideal phonological standards and composite in nature. Until modern times, phonological standards were never based strictly on the phonology of a single dialect. This book provides the first study written in English, of the phonological history of Chinese. It provides information about the standard phonological systems for each of the language's major historical periods, drawing on a range of historical materials such as dictionaries, rhyming tables and poetry, and is the reference book for understanding the key developments in the Chinese sound system.
English
English in Ten Chapters and Twelve Simple Tips has short imaginative stories with basic tips aimed for students who would like to explore and get familiarized with grammar rules and experiences. This book will provide the following: Grammar review Short reading comprehension stories Critical thinking questions Vocabulary practice and reinforcement Tips for independent study
Manual For Reading Short Stories
Reading books is considered to be one of the best ways to enhance English language as well as to widen reader's world outlook. Reading this book, readers will not only enjoy discovering different words in English, but also they will learn different grammatical structure as well as words used regularly. There are many useful activities in the book that help a reader more effectively. This book consists of five different and entertaining short stories in English. The stories, which were written by different authors are for pre-intermediate learners.
Latin Redux
For many Latin students, the second year of study marks an exciting turning point. Having learned the basics of grammar and vocabulary, they are finally ready to encounter "real" Latin authors, usually Caesar or Cicero, for the first time. Yet these same students often grow frustrated when they realize their grasp of Latin grammar is not as solid as they would wish. This student-friendly handbook offers intermediate learners a targeted review of the essentials of Latin grammar, enabling them to read assigned texts with greater facility. The fifteen lessons in Latin Redux focus on topics that many students do not learn thoroughly in the first year, such as gerunds and gerundives, or that are sometimes omitted for lack of time, such as subordinate clauses in indirect discourse. The lessons are presented in order of difficulty, but they can be used in any order and can all be completed within a single semester. After reviewing these lessons in grammar and syntax, students will be more confident when they encounter the same structures in their readings. As the first book of its kind to supplement the curriculum of intermediate students, Latin Redux fills an important niche in Latin instruction. Classroom tested by the author, the handbook complements any Latin prose or poetry readings an instructor might select. Adding to its appeal, each chapter includes a fun "Lingua Latina Ubique" (Latin Language Everywhere) section that highlights how much Latin we use every day. The volume is further enhanced by Latin-to-English and English-to-Latin glossaries and a grammatical appendix.
The Hunting of the Snark
"The Hunting of the Snark" was first published in 1876, eleven years after "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and four years after "Through the Looking-Glass". It is a master-piece of nonsense and is connected to "Through the Looking-Glass" by its use of vocabulary from the poem "Jabberwocky". "The Hunting of the Snark" is a strangely dark poem, and some critics believe that its themes-insanity and death-are rather too adult in nature for children's literature. We know, nonetheless, that Lewis Carroll intended the poem to be enjoyed by children: he dedicated the book in acrostic verse to his young friend Gertrude Chataway, and signed some 80 presentation copies to other young readers. Many of those inscriptions were in the form of an acrostic based upon the name of the child to whom the book was presented. Part of the pleasure of reading this book is in the inevitable musing about what it means. Its author, often asked to explain his work, invariably replies that he does not know. It is therefore open to readers of the poem to decide the question for themselves... The Deseret alphabet was developed in the mid-19th century by the board of regents of the University of Deseret (later the University of Utah) under the direction of Brigham Young, second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was intended to help make learning to write English easier. This wasn't very successful, though the alphabet does have interesting phonemic features, as well as being a fascinating part of Mormon history. This edition of "The Hunting of the Snark" is written entirely in that same alphabet, with fonts specially designed by John H. Jenkins and Michael Everson.
The Queen’s English Ain’t What It Used to Be
Are you concerned about splitting infinitives or unsure whether to use 'to who' or 'to whom' in your correspondence? Look no further, as this user-friendly guide to English grammar is here to help you navigate the intricacies of our rich and wonderful language. This book is designed to increase your knowledge and understanding of English, providing you with the tools to communicate effectively and confidently. While the language is constantly evolving, some advocates of 'The Queen's English' resist change, attempting to fix English in a particular form. However, this book embraces the dynamic nature of the language and guides you through its ever-changing landscape. In addition to covering essential grammar rules, the book also includes a section dedicated to slang and jargon, helping you distinguish between what is considered good or bad English in various contexts. Whether you're a student, professional, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty and complexity of the English language, this book is an invaluable resource that will enhance your linguistic skills and empower you to use English with greater clarity and confidence.
The Acquisition of English Grammar and Phonology by Cantonese ESL Learners
Chan's exploration of the acquisition of English grammar and phonology by Cantonese learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) offers insights into the specific challenges encountered and posits ways to overcome these.
Determiner Sharing in German
This monograph presents the first in-depth empirical and theoretical study of determiner sharing in German, addressing both its language-specific properties and its comparative syntax. Determiner sharing poses an interesting problem for syntactic theory as it seemingly relies on a parasitic relationship with another form of ellipsis, such as gapping. The first part provides an empirical basis by presenting three acceptability judgment studies for German. The results reveal the novel generalization that determiner sharing is not uniquely dependent on gapping, but can also occur in stripping contexts. The analysis that is developed in the second part shows that the apparent parasitism of determiner sharing can be derived by combining two independently available processes, namely a type of ellipsis like gapping, and a type of movement like split topicalization. The analysis thus avoids any construction-specific additions to the syntactic framework. The findings constitute an argument for approaches to ellipsis that posit an obligatory movement step and thereby contribute to an ongoing debate in the field.
Use of English
Practice makes perfect... 5 practice tests with answers for the Cambridge B2 First Use of English Multiple-choice clozeOpen clozeWord formationKey-word transformation The pass threshold of the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) is 60%, and so, in order to allow ample time for the Reading parts (Parts 5-7) of Paper 1, it is advisable that candidates complete The Use of English section (Parts 1-4) as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. For instance, completing each part in fewer than five minutes will allow 55 minutes in which to complete the Reading parts.This edition of sample tests has been written to closely replicate the Cambridge exam experience, and has undergone rigorous expert and peer review. You or your students, if you are a teacher, will hopefully enjoy the wide range of essay topics and benefit from the repetitive practice, something that is key to preparing for this part of the test.The resource comprises: 5 Use of English tests (Parts 1-4), 150 individual assessments with answer keys, write-in answer sheets and a marking scheme, providing a large bank of high-quality practice material for students preparing for the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) examination.Bonus material: Six Reading and Use of English tests, taken from our popular Cambridge resources, are included.About the author: Dominika Zając is an English examiner for both the Matura and eighth-grade exams in Poland, and has taught English for more than 20 years. She is the co-author of textbooks New Enterprise and 4Minds by Express Publishing (2019), and Angielski Slowo do Slowa by Edgard (2024).For more Cambridge English resources, visit www.prosperityeducation.net
Linguistics
Linguistics: A Functionalist Introduction is a concise, accessible guide to the fundamentals of language and expression for students that are new to the subject.Unlike other introductions, this book uses a functionalist framework that reflects the way language users form, derive and change meaning in a holistic way: not just through the technical construction of sentences but from how language is experienced, used, stored and processed in the mind. Beginning by introducing the concept of linguistics and different approaches to the subject, the book progresses to introducing the building blocks of language, with chapters on phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. The scope then broadens out to examine language in context and use, including language change, writing systems, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and language acquisition. Each chapter is enriched with examples to aid learning. This textbook is an ideal choice for students or instructors looking for a more intuitive approach to learning the fundamentals of linguistics, and is ideal for introductory linguistics classes within avariety of programs, including and especially future language arts teachers.
Achieving True Fluency in English
This comprehensive guide is tailored for non-native English speakers, particularly those from Korea, Japan, and China. It aims to facilitate true linguistic proficiency by demystifying the complex idioms, metaphors, and non-literal phrasal verbs that often pose obstacles in various contexts-from daily social interactions to high-stakes business negotiations and diplomatic engagements. The book curates a collection of 250 expressive figures of speech, each elucidated with their etymologies, illustrative images, and applications, drawing on the wisdom of "" (seeing once is better than hearing a hundred times). From a broader perspective, understanding these 'figures of speech' offers significant advantages. It enables readers to comprehend subtle messages and avoid embarrassing miscommunications. For speakers, using these expressions correctly means conveying complex ideas and emotions vividly and succinctly, enhancing storytelling with imagination and engagement. Additionally, adept use of these expressions can foster a deeper emotional and cultural connection with an audience. Readers will find that this handbook does more than enhance their basic English communication skills; it delves into the nuances of everyday dialogue, equips them to navigate socially delicate situations, and empowers them to be compelling in business and diplomatic discourse. Moreover, a familiarity with common figures of speech allows for a richer enjoyment of English-language media, literature, and pop culture. To make this resource widely accessible, especially to speakers of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese-who share a linguistic heritage-all entries are meticulously translated into these languages, ensuring a seamless learning experience.
Achieving True Fluency in English
This comprehensive guide is tailored for non-native English speakers, particularly those from Korea, Japan, and China. It aims to facilitate true linguistic proficiency by demystifying the complex idioms, metaphors, and non-literal phrasal verbs that often pose obstacles in various contexts-from daily social interactions to high-stakes business negotiations and diplomatic engagements. The book curates a collection of 250 expressive figures of speech, each elucidated with their etymologies, illustrative images, and applications, drawing on the wisdom of "" (seeing once is better than hearing a hundred times). From a broader perspective, understanding these 'figures of speech' offers significant advantages. It enables readers to comprehend subtle messages and avoid embarrassing miscommunications. For speakers, using these expressions correctly means conveying complex ideas and emotions vividly and succinctly, enhancing storytelling with imagination and engagement. Additionally, adept use of these expressions can foster a deeper emotional and cultural connection with an audience. Readers will find that this handbook does more than enhance their basic English communication skills; it delves into the nuances of everyday dialogue, equips them to navigate socially delicate situations, and empowers them to be compelling in business and diplomatic discourse. Moreover, a familiarity with common figures of speech allows for a richer enjoyment of English-language media, literature, and pop culture. To make this resource widely accessible, especially to speakers of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese-who share a linguistic heritage-all entries are meticulously translated into these languages, ensuring a seamless learning experience.
Ethno-Linguistic Identity of the Post-Apartheid Generation
The book presents the results of an empirical study on the relationship between Afrikaans language, identity and ethnicity from the perspective of sociolinguistics. More specifically, it deals with the Coloureds of Cape Town born after the end of apartheid (in 1994). As a methodological approach, several interviews were conducted in order to find out, from the point of view of the South Africans themselves, how these relationships take place and socially occur. The linguistic variety of Afrikaans known as Kaaps (spoken by the Coloureds) became one of the most important points of discussion since it reflects the identity of the group referred. Issues such as linguistic choices, ethnic and linguistic prejudice, as well as rejection of non-standard forms of speech came to the fore in the research. Amazing study about the "in-betweenness" of coloured substandard Afrikaans speakers, navigating between black native English speakers, the prestige language of post-apartheid South Africa, and white speakers of Afrikaans, the "language of apartheid". (Peter Rosenberg, Europa-Universit瓣t Viadrina).
The Phonetics of Derived Words in English
Effects of morphological structure on phonetic detail present us with two challenges. The empirical challenge is that some predictors have produced inconsistent effects. The theoretical challenge is that it is unclear where morpho-phonetic effects originate from. Do speakers decompose words into morphemes? Or can such effects also originate from non-decompositional structure? This book investigates the durational properties of English derived words in four large-scale corpus studies. In the decompositional perspective, durations are modeled as a function of frequency and segmentability, prosodic structure, and affix informativeness. In the non-decompositional perspective, durations are modeled with predictors derived from linear discriminative learning networks. Results show that the decompositional predictors are far less reliable than previously thought. Meanwhile, some non-decompositional predictors model durations successfully. Discriminative learning is shown to be a promising alternative for modeling speech production. However, the book also demonstrates that many investigated predictors are conceptually interrelated. It ultimately cautions against taking the metaphors we use to describe these predictors as final explanations.
Word and Sentence Prosody
This is the first comprehensive work on word and sentence prosody in Koshikijima Japanese, a dialect of Japanese not fully documented in the literature. It is an endangered dialect spoken by about 2,000 speakers on a small southern island in Japan. Being separated from mainland dialects by the sea, this dialect exhibits unique prosodic features not shared by other Japanese dialects. It also exhibits considerable regional variations among the ten or more small villages that were isolated from each other until recently.Based on the author's fieldwork, the book analyzes word accent and intonation, the two linguistic areas in which this endangered dialect exhibits unique features and remarkable regional variations within itself. They include the emergence and development of a secondary H tone, postlexical deletion of the primary H tone, and the L boundary tone in question and vocative intonation. These phenomena bear crucially on general issues in prosody, including postlexical tonal neutralizations, competitions between lexical and postlexical tones, and the number of tones that a syllable can maximally bear. The book thus demonstrates the relevance of studying an endangered language/dialect in general linguistic contexts.
