Polish as a Foreign and Second Language Among Ukrainian Migrants
This volume compiles the latest research on learning and teaching Polish as a foreign and second language among Ukrainian migrants and refugees. The authors address the growing necessity for developing both theoretical frameworks and practical solutions to facilitate efficient language acquisition and acculturation amidst the unprecedented inflow of migrants resulting from the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The research presented in this volume marks an important initial step in recognizing and analyzing the diverse needs of individuals with migrant and refugee experiences. Furthermore, it offers new perspectives that pave the way for future advancements in the field of Polish language education.
Beginners' Latin
Beginners' Latin is the course to follow if you are taking your first steps in Latin, whether classical or medieval. Follow a Latin story set in a medieval monastery, where conspiracy unfolds in the cloisters, Vikings threaten to attack, and young lovers set out to unmask the villains. And discover the principal authors of classical Latin and read quotations from their writings. The free audio for this course is available to download to the Teach Yourself Library app, or to stream on library.teachyourself.com. The audio contains readings of the story and of the classical authors (you will learn the grammar and vocabulary in the book, not in the audio). All the Latin we are left with now are seemingly lifeless letters on a page or in stone. In its day Latin was a language to be heard: readings in the ancient world were recitals and performances - poems, speeches, histories even. So while you may not need the audio to learn the ABC of the language, you do if you want to experience and enjoy Latin to the full. And how do we know how it sounded? Find out inside. The ideal course to learn Latin if you're a beginner, this new edition includes: - An introduction to classical Latin authors - ancient writers like Cicero, Ovid and Virgil - A medieval story: a Latin 'whodunnit' - practising each new point of language - Grammatical explanations and vocabulary support in each unit - Lots of exercises - to practise each new point of language - Discover how Latin evolved through the centuries - and its immense impact on English - Listen to the story and the classical authors on audio - to experience the sound of Latin Access the audio for this course for free by downloading it to the Teach Yourself Library app or streaming it on library.teachyourself.com. Where do I go next? Continue learning with Teach Yourself Complete Latin. Love, Travel, Study, Work, Friendship - whatever your reason for wanting to learn a new language, Teach Yourself provides the tools you need. We'll help you discover how the language works, so you absorb the rules faster, remember what you learn more easily, and use your new skills with confidence. Choose from over 70 languages - and Teach Yourself today! Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 85 years.
Claves with Website (Lingco)
The first Spanish business textbook to combine professional and intercultural skillsClaves promotes advanced Spanish-language proficiency alongside intercultural understanding, pragmatic skills, communication strategies, and genre-specific conventions necessary for learners to interact effectively with business partners across all Spanish-speaking countries. With its companion website for homework activities, it focuses on core business topics and skills, while inviting learners to explore and reflect on culturally embedded social and communication practices, both their own and those of others. The textbook engages learners with real-life examples of workplace situations and business communications contributed by business professionals. Activities foster classroom communication practice. Business topics covered include employability, company structure, human resources, workplace communication technology, marketing and advertising, international expansion, finance, and socioeconomic indicators across the Spanish-speaking world.Claves invites even learners without prior business knowledge to grow the practical skills and strategies necessary to work in business across the Spanish-speaking world.
Verbless Sentences in Spoken Italian
The book deals with the analysis of the expression of Grammatical Relations in spoken Italian verbless sentences. Unlike previous studies, this corpus-driven research aims at showing that it is possible to identify Grammatical-Relations in verbless sentences and that their encoding marks are non-canonical, as it occurs in verbal sentences which present non-prototypical arguments. Moreover, it demonstrates that the spoken language is a privileged field of observation for the analysis of systemic grammatical phenomena which are not always evident in written language.
The Everything Learning Russian Book, 2nd Edition
Discover just how easy it is to learn Russian with this updated edition of The Everything Learning Russian Book with new online audio so you can quickly access the pronunciation guide and exercises while you're reading. Learning a foreign language can be intimidating, but the Everything Series language books can help. Now with online audio, The Everything Learning Russian Book, 2nd Edition makes Russian easy to grasp. Whether you are interested in the area or are adding a valuable second language to your resume, you'll learn how to: -Read the Cyrillic alphabet -Understand Russian grammar -Improve pronunciation -Have basic conversations when traveling, dining out, conducting business, and shopping -And so much more This helpful guide includes links to online pronunciation guides, extensive vocabulary lists, and interactive exercises. Packed with dialogue examples, self-tests, and English-to-Russian and Russian-to-English dictionaries, The Everything Learning Russian Book, 2nd Edition will have you speaking--and understanding--Russian in no time.
The Everything Learning Brazilian Portuguese Book, 2nd Edition
Discover just how easy it is to learn Brazilian Portuguese with this updated edition of The Everything Learning Brazilian Portuguese Book with new online audio so you can quickly access the pronunciation guide and exercises while you're reading. The Everything Learning Brazilian Portuguese Book, 2nd Edition makes Brazilian Portuguese a breeze to learn. Whether you are interested in the area or are adding a valuable second language to your resume, you'll learn how to: -Understand Portuguese grammar -Improve pronunciation -Ask basic questions in Portuguese -Have basic conversations when traveling, dining out, conduction business, and shopping -And so much more This helpful guide includes links to online audio pronunciation guides, vocabulary lists, and interactive exercises. Packed with dialogue examples, self-tests, and English-to-Portuguese and Portuguese-to-English dictionaries, The Everything Learning Brazilian Portuguese Book, 2nd Edition will have you speaking--and understanding--Portuguese in no time.
Dutch Through Stories - Mixed short stories to learn Dutch
Learn Dutch By Reading Stories.As an advanced beginner or intermediate learner, reading is incredibly important for improving your proficiency. This book is written to provide you with engaging content that will help you build fluency and confidence in Dutch. Specifically designed for language learners, each story introduces practical vocabulary, real-life dialogue and interesting plots to make your language journey both effective and relaxing.■ Entertaining stories: Written for grown-ups who enjoy a good story, each plot is unique to keep you engaged while improving your level of Dutch.■ Right level: Designed to include words, idioms, and grammar at the right level, to make it ideal for advanced beginners and intermediate learners.■ Vocabulary lists: Key words and idioms are highlighted, translated, and repeated throughout the book to grow your skills without becoming overwhelmed.■ Summaries: Brief recaps to help you understand each story before or after reading it.■ Exercises and answers: Test yourself with true/false questions after a story to check your understanding.■ Open-ended questions: Story-themed questions that can spark a conversation or be answered through writing.Dutch Through Stories is perfect for self-study, as a supplement to classes or for in-classroom usage. For less than the price of a single Dutch class, you can invest in yourself and make language learning more effective and relaxing!Book 1 contains eight fictional short stories in different genres. They are realistic, contemporary and ranging from drama to thriller and from romance to adventure.Language: Dutch (vocabulary list and introduction in English)Genre: Adventure, Drama, Thriller, Romance, CrimeLevel: Learners at A2/B1 level and Nt2 program 1Sample from the book: "... Op een dag gaat het anders. Niran zegt dat hij zich niet goed voelt. Hij is moe en heeft weinig energie. Aranya maakt zich zorgen, want Niran klaagt nooit. Hij is altijd sterk en zit vol energie, maar nu is hij stil en zegt hij dat hij moe is. Toch lacht hij en zegt dat het wel goed komt. Maar de volgende dagen blijft hij in bed liggen. "Aranya, ik kan je niet helpen," zegt hij zacht. Aranya begrijpt het. Ze zet de curry kraam alleen op en dat is moeilijk voor haar, want de spullen zijn erg zwaar. Maar ze weet dat ze door moet gaan, ook zonder hem...."
New First Spanish Book - After The Natural Or Direct Method For Schools And Self Instruction
Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
The Everything Learning German Book, 3rd Edition
Discover just how easy it is to learn German with this updated edition of The Everything Learning German Book with new online audio so you can quickly access the pronunciation guide and exercises while you're reading. It's easy to become intimidated by the prospect of learning a foreign language. Now, with online audio, The Everything Learning German Book, 3rd Edition eliminates the stumbling blocks of learning a language to bring you quick and easy success. Whether you are a first-time learner, relearner, or international traveler, you'll learn the German language through step-by-step instructions and practical exercises. Cultural information about Germany and the German people makes the guide both simple and entertaining. The pronunciation, parts of speech, and basic vocabulary tips covered in this guide will benefit students, travelers, restaurant-goers, and anyone seeking to learn the language upon which much of English is based. You will learn how to: -Understand verbal etiquette -Order in a restaurant -Ask directions -Communicate efficiently while traveling -Greet strangers properly This edition also includes access to online audio, with pronunciation guides and vocabulary lists. Supplemented by both English-to-German and German-to-English dictionaries, this valuable language reference is the perfect way to learn--or relearn--the language.
Educational Agency and Activism in Linguistic Landscape Studies
Who is involved and why in the linguistic landscapes in educational contexts? How are agency and activism reflected in educationscapes? These questions and more are addressed in the various contributions in this volume, thus expanding the boundaries of educationscapes through enquiries that focus on educational agency and activism. In particular, the collection sheds light on linguistic, semiotic and spatial agency and activism in different educational contexts around the world. By focusing on agency as social practice and activism as act to change, the studies broaden our understanding of the actors, and how they mobilize their linguistic and semiotic resources to shape the educationscape. The volume advances the study of linguistic landscapes in educational contexts and offers a critical approach to reflect on inequality, power and decolonialization of languages in educational spaces, as well as the professional development of future teachers.
The Fantastic Adventures Of Benjamin And His Friends- Ep.3
Enter this parallel world with the fantastic adventures of Benjamin and his friends. In this third episode, Bahia is the destination of Benjamin and B
Getting Started with Russian
What's preventing you from teaching Russian in your homeschool or learning it on your own? If you're intimidated because you've never studied Russian, bewildered by traditional Russian books that move too fast, or just don't know where to begin, then Getting Started with Russian is for you! Specifically designed to overcome these types of obstacles, Getting Started with Russian is divided into simple lessons that explain the fundamentals of Russian grammar in a way that anyone can grasp. Instead of burying you in mountains of information to memorize, this book introduces new words and concepts in a gradual and systematic way. You can immediately apply what you've learned by translating the fun exercises at the end of each lesson. To hear the words pronounced, listen to the free audio recordings available at www.GettingStartedWithRussian.com. Quickly check your work by turning to the included answer key. With everything you need here in one book, why aren't you Getting Started with Russian?
Super Cute & Easy Christmas Coloring Book for Russian Language Learners
Relax and enjoy the holiday season with this super cute and easy Christmas coloring & writing book for Russian language learners!From festive Christmas trees and cozy fireplaces to joyful reindeer and adorable gingerbread men, this coloring book combines the magic of the holiday season with the fun of learning Russian. Perfect for anyone who loves Christmas or wants a creative way to practice the Russian language, these delightful designs offer a relaxing and expressive way to unwind while immersing yourself in Russian vocabulary.The Super Cute & Easy Christmas Coloring & Writing Book includes: Festive favorites - Color your way through beloved Christmas scenes like Santa Claus, candy canes, snowmen, and more, while picking up essential Russian words and phrases along the way.Perfect for all ages - With its simple yet charming designs, this coloring book is great for adults, teens, and kids, making it a wonderful holiday activity for families or solo relaxation.Russian​​​​​​​ language learning - Each page features a fun and festive holiday theme alongside Russian words, helping learners at any level reinforce vocabulary in an engaging and enjoyable way.Beautifully crafted pages - Sturdy pages are perfect for colored pencils or markers, so you can bring your holiday creations to life without worry.Whether you're learning Russian or just looking for a fun and relaxing way to celebrate the season, this Christmas coloring book provides the perfect blend of festive joy and language practice!
Super Cute & Easy Christmas Coloring Book for German Language Learners
Relax and enjoy the holiday season with this super cute and easy Christmas coloring & writing book for German language learners!From festive Christmas trees and cozy fireplaces to joyful reindeer and adorable gingerbread men, this coloring book combines the magic of the holiday season with the fun of learning German. Perfect for anyone who loves Christmas or wants a creative way to practice the German language, these delightful designs offer a relaxing and expressive way to unwind while immersing yourself in German vocabulary.The Super Cute & Easy Christmas Coloring & Writing Book includes: Festive favorites - Color your way through beloved Christmas scenes like Santa Claus, candy canes, snowmen, and more, while picking up essential German words and phrases along the way.Perfect for all ages - With its simple yet charming designs, this coloring book is great for adults, teens, and kids, making it a wonderful holiday activity for families or solo relaxation.German​​​​​​​ language learning - Each page features a fun and festive holiday theme alongside German words, helping learners at any level reinforce vocabulary in an engaging and enjoyable way.Beautifully crafted pages - Sturdy pages are perfect for colored pencils or markers, so you can bring your holiday creations to life without worry.Whether you're learning German or just looking for a fun and relaxing way to celebrate the season, this Christmas coloring book provides the perfect blend of festive joy and language practice!
The Peer-Effect: Non-Traditional Models of Instruction in Spanish as a Heritage Language
The Peer Effect: Non-Traditional Models of Instruction in Spanish as a Heritage Language guides an important pedagogical conversation on the relevance of heritage language and literacy practices as resources for instruction, framing heritage teaching and learning as a social justice issue. Presenting ethnographic and discourse analyses of a heritage peer tutoring program at a university in California, this book focuses on the ways in which the dynamic translanguaging practices that Spanish heritage language (SHL) peer tutors mobilize in a non-classroom, student-led, collaborative academic space directly respond to the literacy demands of academic language development. Based on the in-depth analysis of peer tutors' translingual practices, the book advances scholarship in SHL pedagogy, providing concrete classroom-based examples, techniques, and activities that nurture equitable pedagogies for heritage student belonging, while challenging the deficit discourse that has traditionally governed the dialogue around literacy instruction for multilingual students. This versatile volume is designed for educators, researchers, practitioners, and students in the fields of heritage language pedagogy, bilingual education, educational linguistics, and literacy studies for multilingual students.
Challenge Accepted! - Hard and Engaging Word Search in French for Kids Level 1
* DELTA CLASSICS - CHALLENGE ACCEPTED: HOW MANY PUZZLES WILL YOU SOLVE? 100 WORD SEARCHES IN FRENCH FOR KIDS LEVEL 1: GIFTED- VOL.1 - THE MOST CAPTIVATING PUZZLE BOOK AVAILABLE! (+ EXTRA FREEBIES) Enjoy a Premium Edition: 100 Stress-Relieving Puzzles to Promote a Sharp and Quick Brain! A Proven Gift to Practice Language. Hunt for over +2000 FRENCH Words in all Directions. From DELTA CLASSICS, a World Leader in Puzzle Book Publishing. With +40 Hours of Entertainment - This is The Book you were Looking for: - PRINTED ON HIGH-QUALITY PAPER: Use highlighters or pens, no bleed-through - LARGE PRINTS IN FULL PAGE FORMAT: Designed for the best readability possible - FUN FOR ALL AGES (15-99 YEARS): Enjoy a curated selection of +2000 words - BOOK PREVIEW AVAILABLE: No surprise, click on the cover to Look inside the book - QUICK FIND: Solutions in a clear and simple format at the end of the book - EASY & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL: Difficult enough to be challenging, easy enough to be addictive - EXTRA BONUS: Uncover our Exclusive Freebies Relax for Hours with this Easy to Read and Cleverly Crafted Puzzle Book. Get it Now, Start Having Fun & Sharpen Your Brain! .
Word Search Puzzles in French for Kids
* DELTA CLASSICS - AWESOME WORD SEARCHES IN FRENCH FOR KIDS: BOYS & GIRLS - VOL.1 - The Most Captivating Large Print Puzzles Available! + EXTRA FREEBIES INCLUDED Relax for Hours with this Easy to Read and Cleverly Crafted Puzzle Book! Enjoy a Premium Edition: 100 Stress-Relieving Puzzles to Promote a Sharp and Quick Brain! A Proven Gift to Practice Language. Hunt for over +2000 FRENCH Words in all Directions. From DELTA CLASSICS, a World Leader in Puzzle Book Publishing - A Delightful Time Guaranteed. With +40 Hours of Entertainment - This is The Book you were Looking for: - PRINTED ON HIGH-QUALITY PAPER: Use highlighters or pens, no bleed-through - LARGE PRINTS IN FULL PAGE FORMAT: Designed for the best readability possible - FUN FOR ALL AGES (15-99 YEARS): Enjoy a curated selection of +2000 words - BOOK PREVIEW AVAILABLE: No surprise, click on the cover to Look inside the book - QUICK FIND: Solutions in a clear and simple format at the end of the book - EASY & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL: Difficult enough to be challenging, easy enough to be addictive - EXTRA BONUS: Uncover our Exclusive Freebies Get it Now, Start Having Fun & Sharpen Your Brain!
French Word Search - Level of Difficulty
* DELTA CLASSICS - AWESOME WORD SEARCHES IN FRENCH - LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: EASY - VOL.1 - THE MOST CAPTIVATING LARGE PRINT PUZZLES AVAILABLE! (+ EXTRA FREEBIES) Enjoy a Premium Edition: 100 Stress-Relieving Puzzles to Promote a Sharp and Quick Brain! A Proven Gift to Practice Language. Hunt for over +2000 FRENCH Words in all Directions. From DELTA CLASSICS, a World Leader in Puzzle Book Publishing. With +40 Hours of Entertainment - This is The Book you were Looking for: - PRINTED ON HIGH-QUALITY PAPER: Use highlighters or pens, no bleed-through - LARGE PRINTS IN FULL PAGE FORMAT: Designed for the best readability possible - FUN FOR ALL AGES (15-99 YEARS): Enjoy a curated selection of +2000 words - BOOK PREVIEW AVAILABLE: No surprise, click on the cover to Look inside the book - QUICK FIND: Solutions in a clear and simple format at the end of the book - EASY & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL: Difficult enough to be challenging, easy enough to be addictive - EXTRA BONUS: Uncover our Exclusive Freebies Relax for Hours with this Easy to Read and Cleverly Crafted Puzzle Book. Get it Now, Start Having Fun & Sharpen Your Brain! .
LEARN FRENCH WITH WORD SEARCH PUZZLES FOR ADULTS - Discover How to Improve Foreign Language Skills with a Fun Vocabulary Builder. Find 2000 Words to Practice at Home - 100 Large Print Puzzle Games - T
* LEARN FRENCH WHILE HAVING FUN - BUILD VOCABULARY EASILY!Word Searches Are an Effective Technique Used in Schools to Increase Vocabulary - It's an Ideal Game to Stimulate Learning! This book series has been tailored to each person's specific level. Whether you are a beginner, advanced, or helping your child learn a new language you'll find the right book for your needs. Why? It's a great complement for anyone learning a language. Make it easy with an encouraging activity! With +40 hours of entertainment, you will discover and be able to retain over 2000 words: AN EXCITING STUDY COMPANION WITH: - AGE & LEVEL SPECIFIC VOCABULARY: Enjoy a curated selection of +2000 adapted words - ACTIVE LEARNING: Space provided beside each term to encourage the reader to self-translate - PUZZLES IN FULL PAGE FORMAT: Designed for the best readability possible.- BOOK PREVIEW AVAILABLE: No surprises, click on the cover to Look inside the book- EASY MATCH SOLUTION: Solutions in a clear and simple format- ENTERTAINING: Difficult enough to be challenging, easy enough to be addictive ENJOY DEVELOPING YOUR LANGUAGE SKILLS: - PracticeWord Searches turn the challenge of learning a language into a pleasure! - ProgressLearn with common vocabulary tailored to your skills. - Retain what you learnAn active learning technique to increase your vocabulary. - Achieve Your GoalsDon't just practice passively. Search for the translations of new words - find them in the Puzzle - add them to your vocab! AVAILABLE IN OVER 50 LANGUAGES FOR: - Beginners - Intermediate - Advanced- Kids 6-8 - Kids 8-10 - Kids 9-12 - Teens - Adults - Seniors Check Out our Full Collection - Search for ""LINGUA CLASSICS"" and Keep Improving - a foolproof gift for family and friends! Have Loads of Fun with this Activity - MAKE FRIENDS WITH FRENCH NOW!
The Mighty French Word Search - 500 Puzzles for Adults - Delta Classics - Giant Edition - Find 10,000 Words, the Ultimate Challenge!
* DELTA CLASSICS - 500 AWESOME WORD SEARCHES IN FRENCH FOR ADULTS, VOL.1 - GIANT EDITION - THE MOST CAPTIVATING LARGE PRINT PUZZLES AVAILABLE! Enjoy a Premium Edition: 500 Stress-Relieving Puzzles to Promote a Sharp and Quick Brain! A Proven Gift to Practice Language. Hunt for over +10,000 FRENCH Words in all Directions. From DELTA CLASSICS, a World Leader in Puzzle Book Publishing. With +200 Hours of Entertainment - This is The Book you were Looking for: - PRINTED ON HIGH-QUALITY PAPER: Use highlighters or pens, no bleed-through - LARGE PRINT: 2 Puzzles per page for the best readability possible - FUN FOR ALL AGES (15-99 YEARS): Enjoy a curated selection of +10,000 words - BOOK PREVIEW AVAILABLE: No surprises, click on the cover to Look inside the book - QUICK FIND: Solutions in a clear and simple format at the end of the book - EASY & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL: Difficult enough to be challenging, easy enough to be addictive Relax for Hours with this Easy to Read and Cleverly Crafted Puzzle Book. Get it Now, Start Having Fun & Sharpen Your Brain! .
Understanding and Teaching the Indirect Object in Spanish
Understanding and Teaching the Indirect Object in Spanish presents an easy-to-understand approach to all aspects of direct and indirect objects in Spanish. Distinguishing between direct and indirect objects can pose challenges for learners and is almost impossible to do using the tools that linguists have traditionally used. This book offers two simple, all-encompassing inferences that allow learners to tackle this area of language by intuitively inferring the distinction, as native speakers do, between verber and verbed. This book will be of interest to teachers and learners of Spanish and other second languages, as well as linguists interested in argument structure, second language acquisition, second language teaching or pedagogy, and multilingualism.
Beginning Spanish 101
This textbook is part of a collection of course materials available to students because of a collaboration between SUNY OER Services and 64 ink(TM), an imprint of SUNY Press. All of the course materials in this program were created or adapted by SUNY faculty. Individuals may order print copies directly from the SUNY Press website. Bookstores may purchase books by contacting HFS customer service at 800-537-5487 or hfscustserv@jh.edu.
An Etymological Dictionary of English Imitative Words
This Dictionary is the first etymological dictionary of English imitative (onomato-poeic, mimetic) words. Imitative words (e.g. crash, bang, achoo) are words with iconic correlation between form and meaning, iconicity being a relationship of resemblance. The dictionary provides extensive information on English words of imitative origin and uncovers patterns in their diachronic development. Each entry of the altogether 1320 dictionary entries includes data on pronunciation, part of speech, source of sound, type of imitated sound, iconic word class, date of first attestation, frequency of use, origin, etymology, degree of form-meaning correspondence (stage of de-iconization), as well as a brief account of form and meaning changes. The entries also illustrate the modern usage by typical examples of the word in a sentence (the data were extracted from contemporary dictionaries and corpora of the English language) and references to relevant etymological dictionaries which confirm their imitative status.
Step-by-Step French
���� Unlock the Beauty of French with Ease! ����Discover the joy of learning French with "Step-by-Step French: From Alphabet to Conversation." This comprehensive guide is your perfect companion on the journey to mastering French, starting from the very basics and leading you all the way to fluent conversations.���� Inside You'll Find: Alphabet Mastery: Clear and simple guidance to help you confidently read and pronounce French words.Essential Vocabulary: A wide range of commonly used words and phrases to establish a strong language foundation.Practical Phrases: Useful sentences for everyday situations, from greetings to more advanced conversations.Cultural Insights: Delve into the rich cultural heritage of the French-speaking world.Grammar Simplified: Easy-to-follow explanations of key grammar rules, including articles, tenses, pronouns, and more.Advanced Topics: Explore complex structures like the Subjunctive Mood, Reflexive Verbs, and Advanced Grammar Rules.���� Perfect for: Beginners who want to build a solid foundation in French.Students looking for a structured and comprehensive study guide.Travelers eager to communicate confidently in French-speaking countries.Whether you're just starting or looking to refine your skills, "Step-by-Step French" will guide you through each step of the learning process. From understanding the French alphabet to mastering complex grammar, this book is designed to make learning French enjoyable and accessible.���� Start Your French Journey Today! ����
Step-by-Step German
���� Unlock the Beauty of German with Ease! ����Discover the joy of learning German with "Step-by-Step German: From Alphabet to Conversation." This comprehensive guide is your perfect companion on the journey to mastering German, starting from the very basics and leading you all the way to fluent conversations.���� Inside You'll Find: Alphabet Mastery: Clear and simple guidance to help you confidently read and pronounce German words.Essential Vocabulary: A wide range of commonly used words and phrases to establish a strong language foundation.Practical Phrases: Useful sentences for everyday situations, from greetings to more advanced conversations.Cultural Insights: Delve into the rich cultural heritage of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.Grammar Simplified: Easy-to-follow explanations of key grammar rules, including cases, tenses, pronouns, and more.Advanced Topics: Explore complex structures like Reflexive Verbs, the Subjunctive Mood, and Advanced Grammar Rules.���� Perfect for: Beginners who want to build a solid foundation in German.Students looking for a structured and comprehensive study guide.Travelers eager to communicate confidently in German-speaking countries.Whether you're just starting or looking to refine your skills, "Step-by-Step German" will guide you through each step of the learning process. From understanding the German alphabet to mastering complex grammar, this book is designed to make learning German enjoyable and accessible.���� Start Your German Journey Today! ����
German Simple Sentences 1, German - English, Level 1 - Beginners A1
The book 'German Simple Sentences 1 - Deutsch: Einfache S瓣tze 1' offers ready-made sentences for learning the German language. They are grouped according to the topics that German learners at level A1 - Beginner / Novice Low need. The simple sentences facilitate the use of German in practice and are of great help in the use of the German language. The books from the series 'German-Reader.com' are designed as reading and learning materials that will help students of German language grow their vocabulary and enhance their command of the language. For more information please visit our homepage.BESCHREIBUNG AUF DEUTSCH: Das Buch German Simple Sentences 1 - Deutsch: Einfache S瓣tze 1 bietet vorgefertigte S瓣tze zum Lernen der deutschen Sprache. Sie sind gruppiert nach den Themen, die Deutschlernende auf dem Niveau A1 - Beginner in Anspruch nehmen. Die einfachen S瓣tze erleichtern die Verwendung des Deutschen in der Praxis und sind von gro?er Hilfe beim Sprachgebrauch.
German Reader, Intermediate B2/Advanced Low/Mid - Mein Leben in Wien - 3. Teil / My Life in Vienna - Part 3
Marco, ein Italiener in Wien, erz瓣hlt im dritten Teil dar羹ber, was ihm sein Nachbar Bozek gestanden hat und was ihm Branko, ein Globetrotter, verdeutlicht hat. Die Entscheidung dar羹ber, was Marco mit seinem Job als Jurist machen soll, wird auch gef瓣llt. Ebenso erfahren wir, wie der Streit mit seiner Freundin Marina, die ein gro?es Geheimnis h羹tete, ausgegangen ist. "Mein Leben in Wien - 3. Teil" ist der letzte Teil der Trilogie "Mein Leben in Wien".In the third part, Marco, an Italian in Vienna, talks about what his neighbor Bozek confessed to him and what Branko, a globetrotter, made clear to him. The decision about what Marco should do with his job as a lawyer is also made. We also find out how the argument with his girlfriend Marina, who was keeping a big secret, ended. "My Life in Vienna - Part 3" is the final part of the 'My Life in Vienna' trilogy.Introducing a new addition to the "GERMAN-READER" Series Explore the latest short story in the esteemed "GERMAN-READER" series, an essential part of our extensive collection designed for learners of German as a foreign language. This series is not just about reading; it provides a multifaceted approach to language acquisition, incorporating textbooks, reading materials, audiobooks, interactive e-books, videos, and other engaging media resources. Each component is thoughtfully crafted to enhance your learning experience, making German language mastery accessible and enjoyable. Whether you're a beginner or advancing your skills, our resources are designed to cater to all levels of proficiency.For more information about the "GERMAN-READER" series and other resources, including materials dedicated to mastering the German language, please visit our homepage.
The Complete Jastrow's Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary
Marcus Jastrow's Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary is an indispensable tool for any student or scholar studying Hebrew and Aramaic literature.This is a special edition which inclues the entire multi-volume dictionary, with all entries from Aleph - Tav in one book (10.5 pt. font). It also includes the errata and index.In his two-volume work, Jastrow covers all the Hebrew words attested in the Mishnah and Midrashim, as well as all the Aramaic words found in the Talmud and Targums.This massive corpus of information is very well crafted, with thousands of references to the Tanach, Talmud, and Midrashim. It also includes variant spellings and alternative pronunciations of the Hebrew and Aramaic lemmas.Whether you are studying the Midrashim, Talmud, or the Aramaic Targums - Jastrow's Dictionary a worthwhile investment.
500＋ Ukrainian Verbs
"500+ Ukrainian Verbs" is the ultimate reference guide for anyone eager to master Ukrainian conjugation and verb usage. It covers all the essentials of Ukrainian verbs, from the imperfective and perfective aspects to conjugation in all tenses. Going beyond a simple listing of verb forms, the author includes practical example sentences to aid understanding in context, as well as common formulas with cases and prepositions. Additionally, a Verb Guide in English provides essential grammar information about the system of Ukrainian verbs, making this book an indispensable resource for learners at all levels. Whether you're brushing up on verb forms, diving deep into grammar, or seeking simple examples for the new verbs you are learning, "500+ Ukrainian Verbs" is your go-to resource.
The Routledge Handbook of Variationist Approaches to Spanish
The Routledge Handbook of Variationist Approaches to Spanish provides an up-to-date overview of the latest research examining sociolinguistic approaches to analysing variation in Spanish.
The Routledge Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Latin American Literary and Cultural Forms
This Companion brings together a team of expert contributors in this critical and innovative volume. This invaluable resource will be of interest to advanced students and academics in the fields of Latin American literature, cultural studies, and comparative literature.
Polish for Dummies
Everything you need to speak Polish quickly and confidently Polish For Dummies gets you started with Polish language basics, so you can communicate with friends and loved ones, work and travel in Poland, or just enjoy the excitement of learning a new language. You'll learn the foundations of Polish grammar and how to engage in basic conversations. With the tried-and-true Dummies language learning method, you'll start speaking authentically right away, so you can interact in everyday situations. You'll also learn about social and cultural references that will help you keep up in Polish conversations. With access to audio files for dialogs in the book, you can improve your listening and pronunciation, too. This book makes it easy and practical to become a Polish speaker. Learn tips and tricks for improving your Polish language skills Access helpful verb conjugation tables, essential vocabulary lists, and straightforward pronunciation guides Master everyday words and phrases Discover Polish history, culture, and common colloquial expressions Polish For Dummies is perfect for anyone who wants to learn the basics of the Polish language or brush up on what they already know--no previous experience needed.
An Old Maid
"An Old Maid" ("La Vieille Fille") by Honor矇 de Balzac is a 19th-century French novel that intricately explores the complexities of Parisian society through the lens of its protagonist, the old maid, Rose Cormon. Set against the backdrop of a rapidly changing social landscape, the novel delves into the expectations and limitations placed upon women in that era. Rose Cormon, portrayed with psychological depth in Balzac's character study, embodies the challenges faced by unmarried women of her time. Her life is intertwined with the dynamics of her family, particularly her mother and aunt, who influence her decisions and shape her fate. The novel offers a critical commentary on societal norms and the pressures of marriage, revealing how these expectations impact Rose's relationships and self-perception. Balzac's narrative style blends romanticism with social realism, depicting the emotional turmoil of unrequited love and the pursuit of happiness amidst societal constraints. Through Rose's journey, the novel explores themes of identity, resilience, and the quest for fulfillment beyond conventional roles. "An Old Maid" serves as a compelling portrayal of female agency and the complexities of Parisian bourgeois life, offering readers a poignant reflection on the evolving roles and expectations of women in 19th-century France. Balzac's exploration of character and society in this novel continues to resonate with readers, highlighting universal themes of love, ambition, and societal pressures that transcend time and place.
Italian Grammar Made Easy
Ready to unlock the secrets of Italian grammar?Italian, a language of romance and history, spoken by millions, is known for its melodic tone and rich cultural heritage. And though it is relatively beginner-friendly, Italian can have challenges that can make a new learner scratch their head multiple times. Mamma mia!However, we've now made it easier than ever to step into the world of Italian with Italian Grammar Made Easy. This comprehensive workbook is a treasure trove of knowledge, containing units and chapters meticulously crafted to guide you through the fundamental to advanced elements of Italian grammar. Let's explore what Italian Grammar Made Easy offers: Insightful units, each focusing on key aspects of Italian grammar. From learning how to read and understand subject pronouns and verbs, to mastering the complexities of sentence structures and verb tenses, every chapter is a step towards fluency.Engaging exercises in each chapter provide practical application of the lessons, challenging and enhancing your grasp of Italian. These exercises include everything from creating sentences to understanding adverbs, adjectives, and much more.The workbook is peppered with Italian tongue twisters, adding a fun twist to your learning experience while improving pronunciation and fluency.BONUS: Tired of reading text all the time? Worry not - we have images all throughout the book, as well as audio exercises to help you master the spoken tongue.EXTRA FEATURES: Dive into valuable sections like reading comprehension, a list of 'False Friends' (commonly confused words in Italian and English), and handy charts for irregular verbs, reflexive verbs, and reciprocal verbs.For every challenge you might face, an extensive answer key offers detailed explanations, ensuring a clear understanding of each topic.From the basics of numbers and articles to the nuances of everyday conversation and email writing, Italian Grammar Made Easy is your comprehensive guide to mastering the Italian language. Start your journey to Italian grammar mastery today. Get your hands on Italian Grammar Made Easy and begin your adventure into the beautiful world of the Italian language!
Learn French the Naughty Way - Real-Life French Slang and Swear Words You Don't Learn In The Classroom
Are you tired of sounding like a textbook when you speak French? Do you wish you could understand and use the lively slang you hear in French movies and TV shows? Are you frustrated with traditional language courses that don't teach you how real people speak? Unlock the vibrant, raw, and unfiltered side of the French language with Learn French the Naughty Way. This isn't your typical language guide - it's your passport to speaking French like the locals, with all the slang, idioms, and colorful expressions that make conversations truly authentic.In this engaging and eye-opening book, you'll discover the real French spoken on the streets, in cafes, and among friends. Forget the dry, sanitized phrases you've been taught. It's time to dive into the spicy, spirited language that brings French culture to life.Inside you will find: Authentic Expressions: Learn the slang and swear words that French people use in everyday conversations.Cultural Insights: Understand the cultural contexts and nuances behind these colorful expressions, making your language skills more natural and relatable.Practical Usage: Real-life examples and scenarios to help you use these expressions confidently and correctly.Fun and Memorable Lessons: Engaging content that makes learning entertaining and effective.Confidence Boost: Speak French with the ease and flair of a native speaker, impressing friends, colleagues, and locals alike.Bonus feature: Elevate your learning experience with complimentary audio files, offering an immersive blend of spoken and written French slang and swear words in every chapter.Don't let your French sound stiff and outdated. Grab your copy of Learn French the Naughty Way today and start speaking like a true Francophile. Embrace the naughty side of the language and experience the French way of life like never before!
German Reader, Beginners A1/Novice - Eine Begegnung im Zug / An Encounter on the Train
Sophie, eine geschw瓣tzige und lebensfreudige Kinderg瓣rtnerin aus Frankfurt am Main, will ihre Freundin in Luzern besuchen. Im Zug begegnet Sophie Lukas, einen introvertierten Bankangestellten aus Z羹rich. Sophie entwaffnet ihn und seine h繹fliche Distanz mit ihrer Offenheit und Ehrlichkeit. Das anf瓣nglich angenehme Plaudern zwischen zwei Fremden entwickelt sich zur Vertrautheit, die wiederum auch auf die Grenzen der beiden st繹?t. - Eine spannende Geschichte mit dem Happy End.Sophie, a talkative and fun-loving kindergarten teacher from Frankfurt am Main, wants to visit her friend in Lucerne. On the train Sophie meets Lukas, an introverted bank employee from Zurich. Sophie disarms him and his polite distance with her openness and honesty. The initially pleasant chat between two strangers develops into familiarity, which in turn also encounters the limits of the two. - An exciting story with a happy ending.Introducing a new addition to the "GERMAN-READER" Series Explore the latest short story in the esteemed "GERMAN-READER" series, an essential part of our extensive collection designed for learners of German as a foreign language. This series is not just about reading; it provides a multifaceted approach to language acquisition, incorporating textbooks, reading materials, audiobooks, interactive e-books, videos, and other engaging media resources. Each component is thoughtfully crafted to enhance your learning experience, making German language mastery accessible and enjoyable. Whether you're a beginner or advancing your skills, our resources are designed to cater to all levels of proficiency.For more information about the "GERMAN-READER" series and other resources, including materials dedicated to mastering the German language, please visit our homepage.
German Reader, Elementary A2/Intermediate Low - Annas Tagebuch / Anna’s Diary
Anna ist ein 13-j瓣hriges M瓣dchen aus M羹nchen, das sich entschlossen hat, ein Tagebuch 羹ber seinen Alltag zu f羹hren. In Ihrem Tagebuch erfahren wir mehr 羹ber ihre Freunde, ihre Schulklasse, ihre Familie und ihre Probleme. Dass eine bevorstehende Party das Wichtigste in ihrem Leben ist, war auch zu erwarten. Und dass sie das auf ihre pubertierende Art und Weise zu l繹sen versucht, ist ein Teil des Erwachsenwerdens jedes Kindes. - Eine Geschichte 羹ber die erste Liebe und 羹ber die erste bitter-s羹?e Erfahrung der Pubert瓣t.Anna is a 13-year-old girl from Munich who has decided to keep a diary about her everyday life. In her diary we learn more about her friends, her school class, her family and her problems. That an upcoming party is the most important thing in her life was also to be expected. And that she tries to deal with it in her pubescent way is part of every child's growing up. - A story about first love and about the first bittersweet experience of puberty.Introducing a new addition to the "GERMAN-READER" Series Explore the latest short story in the esteemed "GERMAN-READER" series, an essential part of our extensive collection designed for learners of German as a foreign language. This series is not just about reading; it provides a multifaceted approach to language acquisition, incorporating textbooks, reading materials, audiobooks, interactive e-books, videos, and other engaging media resources. Each component is thoughtfully crafted to enhance your learning experience, making German language mastery accessible and enjoyable. Whether you're a beginner or advancing your skills, our resources are designed to cater to all levels of proficiency.For more information about the "GERMAN-READER" series and other resources, including materials dedicated to mastering the German language, please visit our homepage.
Jews Without Yellow Stars
They were soldiers by circumstance, not by choice. Heroes by necessity, with nothing left to lose, Jewish resistance fighters fought back against the Nazis from strongholds deep in the primevals forests of World War II Belorussia. Among the most ferocious fighters were Jewish female partisans who had lost their children at the hands of the Germans.Hersh Smolar - a Polish Jew, prolific writer, and ardent activist - was front and center in the Jewish resistance. His short vignettes of partisan life in the Nali-boki forest chronicle the quiet, relentless pursuit of the enemy and the ongoing efforts to liberate Jews from the Minsk ghetto.Ruth Murphy's translation of Smolar's Yiddish work gives us an intimate view of ordinary people forced into extraordinary circumstances; people who embarked on unimaginable missions to avenge the brutal murders of their friends, family, and way of life. These are battle reports delivered at a personal level, fraught with anger, heartache, and determination."A careful translation from the original Yiddish of Hersh Smolar's Yidn on gele lates, a collection of stories about Jewish resistance to the German invaders in what was then Belorussia (now Belarus) during World War II. Smolar, a Polish Jew and writer, trapped in German-occupied Minsk during the war, became a leader of the Minsk Jewish resistance. Smolar's vignettes, written soon after the war was over, vividly describe the suffering of Jews in Belorussian ghettos, the dangers that they encountered living in partisan units in the forest, and their passionate hatred of the German Army for its slaughter of their families and their people. Belorussia, unlike European countries to its west, was covered with dense primeval forests, which became the main terrain of the battles between partisans and German soldiers. Unlike in Poland and other West European countries, Jewish and Soviet partisans frequently joined together in fighting the Germans. As elsewhere in Europe, Jewish female partisans, whose children in many cases had been murdered by the Germans, fought the Germans with particular ferocity. Smolar's own participation in these events, and his skill as a writer, give his account of the Jewish resistance in and near Minsk a rare immediacy."-Barbara Epstein, author of The Minsk Ghetto 1941-1943: Jewish Resistance and Soviet Internationalism
French Grammar Made Easy
Ready to unlock the secrets of French grammar?The French language is renowned for its elegance and complexity, and is a cornerstone language in global culture and communication, spoken by over 200 million people in the world. However, this Romance language is also known for its challenging pronunciation, intricate sentence structures, and sophisticated grammar.But fear not, we've crafted a solution for your studies: French Grammar Made Easy. This comprehensive workbook, covering 36 chapters of pure French grammar insights, will thoroughly guide you through the complexities of French grammar, from basic pronunciation to sophisticated syntactic nuances.What French Grammar Made Easy offers: An in-depth exploration through various units, each dedicated to key aspects of French grammar. From mastering pronunciation to unraveling sentence construction, the workbook spans a broad range of topics, setting you on the path to native French proficiency.Engaging exercises in every chapter, crafted to bolster your learning experience. These exercises vary from simple sentence creation to more complex grammatical challenges, enhancing your understanding and command of the French language.The workbook is enriched with high-quality illustrations and examples, making the learning journey more engaging and the grammar rules more accessible.BONUS: Integrated audio exercises are included to hone your listening skills and pronunciation, inching you closer to real-world French fluency.If you encounter challenges, an extensive answer key with clear explanations is available, designed to help you navigate through any obstacles in your learning process.From basic nouns and pronouns to the complexities of verb tenses and modals, French Grammar Made Easy is your comprehensive guide to mastering the nuances of French grammar. It's ideally suited for beginners and those looking to strengthen their French language skills.Begin your journey towards French proficiency. Pick up your copy of French Grammar Made Easy and embark on your exploration of the rich and fascinating French language today!
Spanish Short Stories for Beginners
The ANTI-Boring way to start communicating in Spanish in the next 30 days without memorizing words from a boring dictionary...How do tons of people already learn several languages and have fun doing so?While you're probably hustling your way through boring dictionaries or old-school language learning books (and still no hablas espa簽ol), There are tons of people who already speak several languages and have fun while learning them.So what are they doing differently to learn multiple languages without hassle and have fun?Well, they learned the engaging language learning formula from the "Spanish Short Stories for Beginners," including: - How to spend less than 1 hour per day learning the language while still getting results and having fun doing so.- Turning the question of IF you will learn Spanish into WHEN you will become fluent in Spanish.- Instructions on how to use the book efficiently and apply a growth mindset to become consistent from day one.- Tips and tricks to remember much faster using proven memory techniques.- Thirty engaging stories written in Spanish and set in Latin America that showcase local culture and context, allowing you to enjoy the reading.- A summary of each story in Spanish and English to ensure you understand what you've read.- A list of frequently used words from the text to repeat and learn faster.- Short quizzes to check your comprehension, with answers to track your progress.Click the "Add to Cart" button now to start communicating in Spanish in the next 30 days effortlessly and without getting bored for a single moment throughout the process!
French Short Stories for Beginners
The ANTI-Boring way to start communicating in French in the next 30 days without memorizing words from a boring dictionary...How do tons of people already learn several languages and have fun doing so?While you're probably hustling your way through boring dictionaries or old-school language learning books (and still, tu ne parles pas fran癟ais?), There are tons of people who already speak several languages and have fun while learning them.So what are they doing differently to learn multiple languages without hassle and have fun?Well, they learned the engaging language learning formula from the "French Short Stories for Beginners," including: - How to spend less than 1 hour per day learning the language while still getting results and having fun doing so.- Turning the question of IF you will learn French into WHEN you will become fluent in French.- Instructions on how to use the book efficiently and apply a growth mindset to become consistent from day one.- Tips and tricks to remember much faster using proven memory techniques.- Thirty engaging stories written in French, enriched with cultural context, allowing you to enjoy the reading experience.- A summary of each story in French and English to ensure you understand what you've read.- A list of frequently used words from the text to repeat and learn faster.- Short quizzes to check your comprehension, with answers to track your progress.Click the "Add to Cart" button now to start communicating in French in the next 30 days effortlessly and without getting bored for a single moment throughout the process!
Spanish Short Stories for Beginners
The ANTI-Boring way to start communicating in Spanish in the next 30 days without memorizing words from a boring dictionary...How do tons of people already learn several languages and have fun doing so?While you're probably hustling your way through boring dictionaries or old-school language learning books (and still no hablas espa簽ol), There are tons of people who already speak several languages and have fun while learning them.So what are they doing differently to learn multiple languages without hassle and have fun?Well, they learned the engaging language learning formula from the "Spanish Short Stories for Beginners," including: - How to spend less than 1 hour per day learning the language while still getting results and having fun doing so.- Turning the question of IF you will learn Spanish into WHEN you will become fluent in Spanish.- Instructions on how to use the book efficiently and apply a growth mindset to become consistent from day one.- Tips and tricks to remember much faster using proven memory techniques.- Thirty engaging stories written in Spanish and set in Latin America that showcase local culture and context, allowing you to enjoy the reading.- A summary of each story in Spanish and English to ensure you understand what you've read.- A list of frequently used words from the text to repeat and learn faster.- Short quizzes to check your comprehension, with answers to track your progress.Click the "Add to Cart" button now to start communicating in Spanish in the next 30 days effortlessly and without getting bored for a single moment throughout the process!
Reassessing Alleged Runic Forgeries
One of the most well-known potential forgeries is SG-65 Kleines Schulerloch, which has provoked controversies and debates among scientists of various disciplines since its discovery. In this study an interdisciplinary grid of methods was developed and applied to the inscription of the Kleines Schulerloch in order to analyse its authenticity. Due to the approach new results could be made, leading to a revised edition entry of the inscription.
New Perspectives on Languages in Contact
This publication examines the complex phenomenon of language contact in its various facets, both for its subject matter and for the variety of interrelationships that come into play, especially as a consequence of its close links with English. The data are mainly drawn from Peninsular Spanish, but also from overseas areas such as the Canary Islands and the United States. Contact with geographically and culturally neighboring languages such as French and Italian is another focus. Given the interdisciplinarity of this field of study, the book will also be of interest to researchers in other areas of linguistics, such as lexicology and lexicography, sociolinguistics, language planning and the history of Spanish and English.
Storytelling as a Cultural Practice
Storytelling as a cultural practice permeates all phases and areas of human life and opens up possible worlds. From their earliest days, children grow into a culture of storytelling, acquire language and literature, develop writing skills, and learn to communicate through storytelling in multimodal ways: orally and in writing, by playing, drawing, designing, singing, dancing and more. Through the process of narrating, experiences are structured, identities are formed, social contexts are shaped, and desires and futures are imagined. Narrative connects different times in history, various disciplinary fields in education and diverse linguistic-cultural spaces, but it also requires time and space itself. Against the background of an educational landscape that is currently competence-oriented, the question arises as to what role the art of storytelling plays in educational contexts, and what possibilities it opens up for learning. This edited volume aims to address this question, theoretically and empirically, from pedagogical and linguistic perspectives.
Language Use and Language Attitudes in Ju獺rez, Mexico
Four decades after her dissertation defense at the University of New Mexico, the author of Language Use and Language Attitudes in Juarez, Mexico (1983) presents a book that guides the interested audience through a conceptual and historical framework for understanding the role that language plays in shaping community values. Divided into two parts, this Reader presents the trajectory of a community, Villa Paso del Norte, that was split into two sides: "this side" and the "other side". The village was elevated to the rank of city, and the two sides became gradually differentiated after the Mexico-U.S. War (1846-1848). Part I reconstructs episodes on the foundation, evolution, and socio-demographic transformations of the not-so-new border region. It features the works of Jos矇 Vasconcelos and Mariano Azuela and their legacy on the Mexican side of the border. Part I addresses, too, the formulation of research questions and the design of the validation process. It includes additional bibliographic material and the original survey form in Spanish as presented to the subjects in 1980-1981. Part I addresses, too, the formulation of research questions and the design of the validation process. Part I is liberally spiced with autobiographical anecdotes, notes on cinematography, pop music and local folklore. It is prepared for the general audience. Illustrating quantitative data, Part II contains the six chapters of the original dissertation. It includes the correlation matrix with the summary of results (Appendix I) and the English version of the survey form (Appendix II). The references on the subject matter show that this work is heavily influenced by the tenets of the sociology of language and the social psychology of language. This work is enriched with data on both sociolinguistics and dialectology. It is ideal for graduate students enrolled in courses of sociolinguistics, the sociology of language, border studies and related disciplines.
Mutual Influence in Situations of Spanish Language Contact in the Americas
Mutual Influence in Situations of Spanish Language Contact in the Americas focuses on the structural results of contact between Spanish and Maya, Quechua, Guaran穩, Portuguese, and English in the Americas.
