Drivers of Innovation
Innovation and entrepreneurship rank highly on the strategic agenda of most countries today. As global economic competition intensifies, many national policymakers now recognize the central importance of entrepreneurship education and the building of financial institutions to promote long-term innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Drivers of Innovation brings together scholars from the United States and Asia to explore those education and finance policies that might be conducive to accelerating innovation and developing a more entrepreneurial workforce in East Asia. Some of the questions covered include: How do universities in China and Singapore experiment with new types of learning in their quest to promote innovation and entrepreneurship? Is there a need to transform the traditional university into an "entrepreneurial university"? What are the recent developments in and outstanding challenges to financing innovation in China and Japan? What is the government's role in promoting innovative entrepreneurship under the shadow of big business in South Korea? What can we learn about the capacity of services to drive innovation-led growth in India? Drivers of Innovation will serve as a valuable reference for scholars and policymakers working to develop human capital for innovation in Asia.
Austerity
Austerity is a concise, accessible overview of austerity policies, their impact on society, and possible alternatives for more just and equitable economic policies. Drawing on a range of global case studies, it encourages critical analysis of the core principles and theories of austerity.Bruno De Oliveira goes beyond budget cuts and dismantling of public services to consider austerity as a profound ideological shift that has reconfigured modern economies and societies. Austerity offers an analysis of austerity's theoretical foundations, policy implications, and social consequences. Examination of critical thinkers such as Marx, Hayek, Friedman, Maynard Keynes, Foucault, and Bourdieu helps contextualise debates around austerity and provide a lens through which to analyse its impacts. It illuminates the human cost of fiscal austerity, examining its impact on the welfare system, social unrest, crime, and justice and on public health outcomes. Illustrated by global case studies, it considers how austerity, catalysed by the 2008 global financial crisis, has stalled economic recovery with significant implications for global social justice. Vitally, it considers the political and media discourses that often accompany austerity policies, examining how they demonise certain social groups, legitimise social inequalities, and divert attention from the structural causes of inequality. Finally, it explores alternatives to austerity, presenting policy solutions that prioritise social investment and economic justice and showcasing examples of resistance, advocacy, and activism.Austerity is an essential guide for students, scholars, and activists interested in social and economic policies and their impact. It will equip them with the tools and insight necessary to understand and challenge the impacts of austerity.
Influencing the Behavior of General Chang Wanquan to Protect United States Space Assets
In January 2007, the Chinese successfully tested an anti-satellite (ASAT) missile that threatened US space assets and weakened Sino-US ties. A second successful test would further damage those ties and place more debris in Low-Earth Orbit, rendering that critical space passage less usable. The US must attempt to engage General Chang Wanquan, the Director of the General Armament Department, and influence him not to attempt a second test. This study recommends an influence strategy after studying General Chang's culture, organizations to which he refers, and psychological dimension. The psychological dimension considers the perceptions, cognition, emotions, reasoning, judgment, and decision-making process of Chang Wanquan; information gleaned from General Chang's background, public speeches, and writings available from open sources. In an attempt to influence the decision to launch a second ASAT missile, the US needs to immediately engage General Chang and offer limited cooperation on technical aspects of training, education, or anti-terrorism by using formal or informal avenues.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using the United States Information Agency Methods in the Twenty-First Century
The U.S. Information Agency (USIA) was founded in 1952 to coordinate communication with the international community during the Cold War. Since being disbanded in 1999 many government officials have realized that the ability to communicate globally has diminished. By examining the methods the USIA used to communicate internationally, applications can be found to guide the United States Government toward similar methods in the twenty first century. One of the most successful methods of communication was establishing overseas American libraries. Another method the USIA used was addressing the issue of propaganda and how it could affect the strategic communication to other countries. Propaganda, the USIA determined, could be harmful only if it deliberately and consistently misled a populace. Another method of communicating effectively was with consistent interaction with other government departments. In its time, the USIA was an integral collaborator with the State Department and the DOD, and accomplished significant achievements when utilizing interagency cooperation. Similar integration between government components is necessary to achieve a comprehensive and coordinated level of strategic communication in the twenty first century. More effective communication can be achieved in the future by understanding how it was achieved in the past.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Under Fire and Under Water
Epic wildfire. Devastating drought. Cataclysmic flooding. Extreme weather in the wake of climate change threatens to turn the American West into a region hostile to human habitation--a "Great American Desert," as early US explorers once mislabeled it. As Bruce E. Cain suggests in this timely book, the unique complex of politics, technology, and logistics that once won the West must be rethought and reconfigured to win it anew in the face of a widespread accelerating threat. The challenges posed by increasingly extreme weather in the West are complicated by the region's history, the deliberate fractiousness of the American political system, and the idiosyncrasies of human behavior--all of which Cain considers, separately and together, in Under Fire and Under Water. He analyzes how, in spite of coastal flooding and spreading wildfires, people continue to move into, and even rebuild in, risky areas; how local communities are slow to take protective measures; and how individual beliefs, past adaptation practices and infrastructure, and complex governing arrangements across jurisdictions combine to flout real progress. Driving Cain's analysis is the conviction that understanding the habits and politics that lead to procrastination and obstruction is critical to finding solutions and making necessary adaptations to the changing climate. As a detailed look at the rising stakes and urgency of the various interconnected issues, this book is an important first step toward that understanding--and consequently toward the rethinking and reengineering that will allow people to live sustainably in the American West under the conditions of future global warming.
Child Labor in Fruit and hop Growing Districts of the Northern Pacific Coast
"Child Labor in Fruit and Hop Growing Districts of the Northern Pacific Coast," originally published in 1925, offers a detailed examination of the employment of children in agricultural settings during the early 20th century. Authored by Alice Channing, Ellen Nathalie Matthews, and Mary Elizabeth Skinner under the auspices of the United States Children's Bureau, this historical study provides valuable insights into the working conditions, social implications, and reform efforts surrounding child labor in the fruit and hop industries of the Pacific Northwest. This report sheds light on a critical period in American labor history, documenting the challenges faced by child laborers and the broader societal debates concerning their welfare. It serves as an important resource for researchers, historians, and anyone interested in understanding the evolution of labor laws and the ongoing fight for children's rights.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How Does the Political Nature of the Defense Acquisition Process Affect Cost Growth
Many of the major procurement activities and programs of the Department of Defense (DoD) are experiencing cost growth costing the United States (U.S) government money. The purpose of this research was to develop an empirical model in order to explain cost overruns in the DoD major procurement activities and programs.Specifically, this thesis sought to discover relationships between cost overruns inweapon systems programs and factors that the DoD cannot control, factors that originatefrom the political nature of the defense acquisition process. The model describes how thepolitical and legislative balances of power between the parties of the Congress, thechange of the purchase habits of the DoD from production contracts to service contracts, and the spreading of defense manufacturing capacity across the states of the U.S arerelated to cost overruns in defense programs.This research effort studied 193 major weapon system programs from 1970 to2002 using Ordinary Least Square regression techniques. Results show that a DemocraticPresident leads to a reduction in cost growth, while control of both houses of Congress byone party, or control of the Senate and the office of the President by one party causes costincreases.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Striking the Balance
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and demise of the Cold War, the United States has embarked on a national security policy principally focused on democratization and economic engagement. A natural outgrowth of this Wilsonian response to the strategic environment has been an increased number of operations colloquially called operations other than war. These operations may be very much like war in the conventional sense or may be confined to humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping. In such operations, the US may intervene unilaterally if vital interests are at stake, but typically, the US will attempt to garner consensus and create a multinational or coalition effort before crossing into uncharted territory alone.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Some Principles of Human Intelligence and Their Application
Human intelligence (HUMINT), which is the oldest of the intelligence disciplines, has through the course of the twentieth century, been less emphasized by the U.S. Army relative to the technical disciplines of signals intelligence (SIGINT) and imagery intelligence (IMINT). HUMINT should remain a key component of an intelligence system, as it can cue and be cued by the other disciplines and combine with them to be more effective than any of them would be by itself. Additionally, the Army is involved in low- and mid-intensity campaigns around the world and Army doctrine for these types of operations identifies the importance of HUMINT in their conduct. Army leadership has expressed dissatisfaction with the current state of Army HUMINT and stated that it needs improvement. In order to make such an improvement, principles of HUMINT are necessary so that the HUMINT system and its components--including the individual HUMINT collectors--may be properly designed or trained. Such principles may be derived from writings of theorists and practitioners of HUMINT. All of the civilizations of the ancient world practiced HUMINT in one form or another, and many of them left behind extensive writings on the theory and practice of HUMINT This was particularly true of the ancient Chinese and Indians, for whom HUMINT in its various forms was integral to their statecraft. The civilizations of the ancient Near East and classical period in the Mediterranean also engaged in HUMINT and left behind a record of it. Governments and militaries also employed HUMINT throughout the twentieth century, and there is an extensive body of both history and theory from twentieth century practitioners and theorists. From all of these writings, which almost completely agree, one can see that HUMINT collectors should be people of the best personal quality, mature and experienced, and with good knowledge of the areas on which they are collecting. Other writings on leadership, business, and training practiceThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nominations of Robert James Huggett, William A. Nitze, Kay Collett Goss, Terrence L. Bracy, Billy J. Anotubby, David Matt James, and Norma G. Udall
This volume contains the official record of a hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the United States Senate, held during the One Hundred Third Congress. The hearing focuses on the nominations of Robert James Huggett, William A. Nitze, Kay Collett Goss, Terrence L. Bracy, Billy J. Anotubby, David Matt James, and Norma G. Udall for various positions within governmental agencies related to environment and public works. The proceedings include testimonies, statements, and discussions pertaining to the qualifications, experience, and suitability of the nominees for their respective roles. This document offers valuable insights into the legislative process of confirming individuals to positions of responsibility in environmental and public works sectors, reflecting the priorities and concerns of the Senate committee at the time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Freedom Commission and Freedom Academy. Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judicia
This volume contains the official record of hearings before a subcommittee of the United States Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, First Session, concerning the proposed establishment of a "Freedom Commission" and "Freedom Academy." The hearings, held by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, explore the need for and potential structure of these institutions. The focus is on understanding internal security laws during a critical period in American history. The content provides valuable insights into the legislative considerations and debates surrounding national security and freedom during the late 1950s. This historical document is an essential resource for scholars and researchers interested in the history of American legal and political thought.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Intelligence Sharing, Fusion Centers, and Homeland Security
The final report by the bipartisan National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (2004) concluded that the attacks on September 11, 2001 were partly successful because information was not shared properly between agencies. Since that time, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Defense (DoD) have created a variety of programs and implemented numerous strategies to build a system of information sharing that could detect and prevent large scale physical or cyber terrorist attacks against the critical infrastructures of the United States. The development of "Fusion Centers" across the nation is proving to be an effective intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination tool for collaboration and information exchange among the private sector, tribal, local, state, and federal authorities as well as the DoD. U.S. Northern Command, the National Guard and DHS are working to improve collaboration via national level exercises such as Cyber Storm I and II. Although legal and privacy concerns exist in balancing the need for National Security with the protection of Civil Liberties, the rise of fusion centers is an indicator that state and local law enforcement as well as public safety agencies have an important role to play in homeland defense and security. As identified in the 9/11 Commission Report, terrorists often live and work in communities during attack planning and may have routine encounters with state and local law enforcement officials prior to an attack. Achieving true Homeland Security may be as simple as first achieving Hometown Security.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Coalition of the Willing...Coalition of The Able? A Case to Reform U.S. Export Policy
The U.S. export laws have undergone minor changes, mainly directed at speeding up the export process and not since the Cold War have there been any significant changes. Since the end of the Cold War, the world, the defense industries, and the Department of Defense have undergone significant changes. The U.S. export system will have to undergo significant changes itself, more than procedural changes. The U.S. export system needs a top down review if it is to serve U.S. national interests, and adequately protect critical U.S. technology. No longer is the U.S. the sole keeper of leading edge technology, no longer is the Department of Defense relying solely on the U.S. defense industry, and no longer can the U.S. military endure long developmental cycles for weapon systems. When the Soviet Union broke up, the world entered a new era, one built not on walls but one built on bridges. This reality has changed the defense industry into an industry where mergers and acquisitions, both within national borders and across national borders, are needed to survive and compete.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Good Change
Few countries serve as a more useful case study for understanding the global tension between liberal and illiberal conceptions of democracy than Poland. Under the populist Law and Justice (PiS) -led government, a large part of the Polish electorate welcomed the party's "Good Change"--as it described its program--despite accusations of democratic backsliding. PiS offered voters neglected by previous governments a combination of economic redistributionism and cultural traditionalism, supplemented with narratives of bolstering Poland's national prestige and sovereignty. Yet after eight years of success, it was defeated in the October 2023 elections by a "pro-democratic" coalition. The history of PiS shows both the strengths and weaknesses of democratic illiberalism as a challenge to liberal democracy. Bill and Stanley analyze the course and causes of the party's successes and failures. The authors deftly outline PiS's assault on democratic institutions, its paradigm-changing redistributive programs, cultural backlash agenda, politics of history, and the reasons for its fall from power. Poland's democracy has proven resilient to the specter of autocratization, but its future development under a new government raises fresh questions. This essential book considers what the rise and fall of Poland's illiberal government reveals about the future of liberal democracy and its ongoing transformations in the twenty-first century.
The Interagency Process and America's Second Front in The Global War on Terrorism
The purpose of this paper is to present solutions on how to address terrorism, the most challenging threat to our national security, and recommend what can be done at the operational level to enhance interagency and coalition partner collaboration required to achieve success against this threat. First, I briefly discuss the nature of the terrorism threat. Second, I review the interagency process at the national level and describe the interagency coordination mechanisms that exist at the operational and tactical levels. Third, I demonstrate how theater engagement was and will continue to be critical to winning the GWOT. This paper also includes a case study reviewing the contextual factors and key turning points during Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) Philippines, America's second front in the GWOT."OEF Philippines presented military leaders in Pacific Command (PACOM) with the many challenges--some similar and some different than those experienced in OEF Afghanistan. Finally, I provide recommendations on how to develop an integrated strategy to combat terrorism. Recommendations include: continuing to conduct theater engagement in concert with the other instruments of power (IOPs), enhancing interagency collaboration at the operational and tactical levels, and continuing to support coalition partnering and information sharing.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Freedom Commission and Freedom Academy. Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judicia
This volume contains the official record of hearings before a subcommittee of the United States Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, First Session, concerning the proposed establishment of a "Freedom Commission" and "Freedom Academy." The hearings, held by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, explore the need for and potential structure of these institutions. The focus is on understanding internal security laws during a critical period in American history. The content provides valuable insights into the legislative considerations and debates surrounding national security and freedom during the late 1950s. This historical document is an essential resource for scholars and researchers interested in the history of American legal and political thought.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Strong Horses
This study analyzes the theories of Pragmatic Communications, Cybernetics, and Perturbation under the framework of the Pragmatic Complexity Model to illustrate how two Presidential administrations beginning in the 20th and 21st centuries used 'new media'; and systems thinking to communicate to both international and domestic audiences. Moreover, the study provides examples of how each used narratives to counter opposing ideologies. Similarly, this monograph explores two notions of Chinese thought, potential and propensity, which prove useful for studying diplomacy and strategic communication. The monograph explains why a systems approach coupled with cybernetics is the future for strategic communication, why the Pragmatic Complexity Model proves a plausible replacement for the 20th century Message-Influence Model, and how 'new media'; technology provides better opportunities to compete in the global "war of ideas." The analysis of the Pragmatic Complexity Model reveals four core principles that should be adopted: 1) control of message is impossible; 2) less messaging is better; 3) the intent is not to persuade or influence audiences, rather perturb stable system structures; and 4) expect messages to fail rather than succeed, signaling the need for message contingencies. Nested within this model are elements of complex adaptive systems theory, emergence, and the vital importance of understanding the global information environment's propensity to produce emergent properties and added degrees of risk when looking for choices of intervention. Two Presidential Administrations in the 20th and 21st centuries were explored. The first case study focused on President Theodore Roosevelt, the significance of the Panama Canal, and his use of the "Great White Fleet" to communicate to both international and domestic audiences'; American ingenuity and the nation's ability to project power. Each of these events in history were inputs into the global information environment and demoThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Leveraging Operational Preparation of the Environment in the GWOT
USSOCOM's effective execution of operational preparation of the environment (OPE) is a critical component in the strategy for winning the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). OPE is a series of activities that seek to enable future operations by allowing U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) personnel to enhance their situational awareness and understanding within an area of interest and improve operational responsiveness. Joint Publication 3-13 defines OPE as "non-intelligence activities conducted to plan and prepare for potential follow-on military operations" conducted under Title 10 authority. Through predictive analysis and preemptive action, the United States can identify potential terrorist support areas, enhance situational understanding of these regions, and set the conditions to find, fix, and finish terrorists in these locations as or even before they take root. Conducting OPE in concert with our host and partner nation allies in areas of current or potential future terrorist activity is the means by which we can unobtrusively enhance our situational understanding and expedite the targeting and destruction of terrorist networks. OPE does fulfill key requirements outlined in the various national strategies to include disrupting and destroying terrorist organizations of global reach, denying safe haven, sustaining our intelligence advantage, and posturing for strategic uncertainty. It is an excellent method of achieving situational awareness and understanding, extending operational reach and responsiveness, and ultimately shorting the time between find to finish. Maximizing the effectiveness of OPE in support of the GWOT will require the following measures. Although USSOCOM has in fact developed a comprehensive unconventional warfare campaign plan and an OPE planning framework it would benefit from having an OPE specific campaign plan that operationalizes OPE in an effort to both guide its conduct and synchronize its effects. A comprehensive OPE campaign plan wouldThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Consideration of Miscellaneous Bills and Resolutions
This volume contains the markup records from the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives during the One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. It documents the committee's consideration of several House Resolutions and Bills, including H.R. 750, H. Con. Res. 134, H. Res. 118, H.R. 2343, H. Res. 189, H.R. 2561 and others. These records provide insight into the legislative process, offering a detailed look at the discussions, amendments, and decisions made by committee members regarding foreign policy and related matters. This is a valuable resource for researchers, historians, and anyone interested in understanding the workings of the U.S. Congress and its role in shaping international relations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
There will likely be political, moral, and social implications of UCAV employment that strategists and military commanders will need to pay attention to as they craft strategies for future conflict. UCAVs are a very appealing option for the politician faced with use-of-force decisions due to reduced forward basing requirements and the possibility of zero friendly operator casualties. The flexibility of the weapon system offers the politician a seemingly high degree of control over the process of war. Together, these advantages may make a politician more inclined to use force first rather than last. In the moral realm, UCAVs are neither immoral nor illegal simply because risk to one of the combatants is removed. Additionally, notions of chivalry and fairness are not good standards by which to judge this technology. The social impact of widespread UCAV employment on the operator is an area of further concern. Remote-control war, however, does not change the underlying assumptions that have been the basis for the military ethos in the past. The final chapter highlights the dynamic between political, moral, and social issues as it addresses a range of possible unintended consequences resulting from extensive UCAV employment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance Management and the Intelligence Community
Mandated performance management for the intelligence community requires revisiting. The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) mandated performance management system for DoD Intelligence Community (IC) members can be a useful management tool and applicable to IC organizations when; performance can be verified, implementation is executed properly, and outcomes are well defined and continuously evaluated for efficacy. The applicability of performance management (PM) to the IC is contentious and PM should not have been applied indiscriminately throughout the IC. Organizations and personnel performing missions where performance can be verified, such as scientific and technical intelligence, will benefit from PM. However, the method of implementation within the IC since its inception in March 2007 has been deficient. PM has been indiscriminately applied to organizations where performance cannot possibly be verified. Also, PM systems, developed by outside consultants, have been mandated from above with limited or no involvement from organizations and personnel that perform the mission and who would be most knowledge in the development of performance measures and outcomes. Additionally, a true merit-based compensation system, like the National Security Personnel System (NSPS), has not been implemented.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Moral and Ethical Implications of Precision-Guided Munitions
Aerial precision is airpower's modern contribution to the just war tradition. The fundamental purpose of this analysis is to examine the ethical and moral implications of this statement and identify some of the inherent dilemmas resulting from it for political decision makers and military strategists. In addition, likely trends and characteristics of American airpower in the twenty-first century are examined. In a world where international relations are dominated increasingly by pragmatism, this study recognizes the importance of moral virtues and ethical reasoning in political and military affairs. This work explores the relationship between one of the most significant military capabilities to emerge in the past century, namely aerial precision-guided munitions, and the just war tradition.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Mitigating Insider Sabotage and Espionage
The security threat from malicious insiders affects all organizations. This problem is difficult due to the fact that there is no definitive profile for malicious insiders, organizations have placed trust in these individuals, and insiders have a vast knowledge of their organization's personnel, policies, and information systems. The purpose of this research is to analyze to what extent the United States Air Force (USAF) security policies address this problem. The policies are reviewed in terms of how well they align with best practices published by Carnegie Mellon University and additional factors this research deems important, including motivations, organizational priorities, and social networks. This research offers actionable recommendations that the USAF could implement in order to better prevent, detect, and respond to insider attacks. The most important course of action is to better utilize its workforce.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Democratic Reform in Ukraine
Successful economic reform and the transition to a free-market economy under a stable political system is the key to Ukraine's successful road to a new democratic beginning. Western assistance should primarily serve in an advisory role to stabilize the Ukrainian government, establish a viable rule of law, rudimentary representative government, and a system to protect individual and investment capital followed by direct investment and joint economic ventures with Ukrainian companies. This paper proposes a sequentially phased transformation model which encourages Ukraine's leaders to concentrate their efforts on first building a stable government, although not necessarily a democracy, and then focus on meaningful economic reforms to establish a solid economy with free market principles. In the long term, free-market economic principles will undermine an authoritarian government and foster the introduction of a democratic government. Current Western efforts supporting simultaneous political and economic reform are inconsistent with Ukraine's cultural and historical past and undermine democratic and economic reform.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Microsoft, Al Jazeera, and the Predator
A complex and interdependent environment in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) highlights the challenge of translating the theory of effects-based operations (EBO) into practice, particularly with respect to influencing the will of the people and achieving a desired endstate. The following paper seeks to illustrate the conditions and challenges surrounding the translation of current effects-based theory into operational practice in GWOT by using three conceptual constructs. First, the Microsoft Corporation, its connectivity to the Internet, and the persistent attacks by computer hackers on Microsoft products help frame the adversary and the complex environment and conditions surrounding GWOT. Second, the Al Jazeera satellite news network serves as an anecdotal backdrop for the challenges military planners face in managing EBO assessment and controlling the "effects" in EBO. Third, the versatility of both the MQ-1B Predator unmanned aerial vehicle and Special Operations Forces (SOF) illustrate the importance of developing and maintaining collective knowledge, technological relevance, and doctrinal adaptability in an ever-changing GWOT environment. Military planners who follow an effects-based strategy should recognize EBO's inherent limitations and plan for its characteristic uncertainty and uncontrollability.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Not With Impunity
How should the United States determine its response to a chemical or biological attack against American personnel or interests? This paper assesses the current U.S. reprisal policy known as calculated ambiguity and concludes that today.s policy does not contain enough substance to support strategy development. Current policy is designed to deter chemical and biological attacks by threatening an overwhelming and devastating response, with the strong implication that nuclear weapons may be employed in the U.S. response. The current policy is inadequate because it lacks credibility, it fails to address proportionality, and it focuses on state actors. To improve the policy.s efficacy, two clarifications are needed: make regime survivability the hallmark of the policy, and determine under what conditions nuclear weapons would be considered.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rebalancing the Nuclear Weapons Triad
Since 1960, the United States has maintained a nuclear triad of intercontinental ballistic missiles, nuclear capable strategic bombers and submarine launched ballistic missiles. As technology advanced and new capabilities were developed, the nuclear arsenal quickly expanded. The number of strategic nuclear weapons in the United States peaked during the height of the Cold War with the Soviet Union and then significantly declined as the two countries agreed to lower numbers through a series of treaties. This paper examines the history of the US nuclear weapons triad and how the strategic nuclear force structure might look in 2025 given the recent release of the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review and New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. The global security outlook is also briefly discussed. Research was conducted through review of government documents, publications from national organizations, and articles written by experts in the field. With the smaller nuclear stockpile the necessity of maintaining all three legs of the triad has been questioned in several publications. For example, a 2009 paper sponsored by the Air Force Association, Triad, Dyad or Monad? Shaping the US Nuclear Force for the Future, recommended the US move to a nuclear dyad by removing the nuclear role of B-52s and B-2s. However, even though the New START ratified in 2010 further reduces the number of nuclear weapons in the stockpile, it maintains the nuclear triad structure for at least the next 10 years. The research concludes that the US nuclear triad should be maintained for at least the next two decades with a 15 to 20 percent further reduction in the nuclear strategic stockpile beyond the New START limits.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Every man his own Law-maker, or, The Englishman's Complete Guide to a Parliamentary Reform
Every Man His Own Law-Maker, or, The Englishman's Complete Guide to a Parliamentary Reform, with the subtitle "Wherein the Road to National Confusion is Made Plain and Easy to the Meanest Capacities," is a satirical work on the subject of parliamentary reform in 18th-century England. Penned by Soame Jenyns, a prominent political figure and writer of his time, the text offers a critical perspective on the complexities and potential pitfalls of altering the existing political system. This guide provides readers with a glimpse into the political debates and social commentary of the era, offering a fascinating look at the challenges and absurdities inherent in pursuing national reform. A valuable resource for scholars and enthusiasts of British history and political satire, "Every Man His Own Law-Maker" remains relevant for its insightful observations on the nature of political discourse and the enduring quest for effective governance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cities of India
This book maps the new challenges and subsequent choices that emerge as India transitions into more urbanized situations, both spatially and culturally. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of urban studies, sociology and South Asian Studies.
Rebalancing the Air Force
The author offers a comprehensive solution to the ongoing Air Force capabilities rebalancing effort by arguing for the adoption of military judgment criteria to inform and standardize the process. Additionally, the author argues for the adoption of a conceptual model meant to enable senior leaders to visualize the complex interplay of variables relevant to the rebalancing process. Armed with the model and a set of standardized military judgment criteria--senior leaders will be in a better position to make fully informed force structure decisions--theoretically improving the Air Force's ability to meet sustained operational requirements at a lower cost with minimum risk. Much of what is contained here is applicable to the Army, Navy and Marines, all of which have reserve components.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Planning for Growth
The Colorado State Publications Library (CoSPL) was established by the General Assembly in 1980 as a part of the Colorado State Library and the Colorado Department of Education. The mission of the library is to provide Colorado residents with permanent public access to information produced by state government. The state publications are valuable sources of information published by Colorado state agencies that include annual reports, budgets, planning reports, consumer information, legislative reports and directories. The publications cover a wide variety of topics including health, business, education, crime, agriculture, mining, employment, taxes, water quality, wildlife and the environment. This publication is one in this collection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The New Cold War
The thesis of this paper is that terrorist groups like al-Qaida and its allies are instruments of a radical Islamic fundamentalist movement that is waging a New Cold War against the US and fellow democracies. The explication of this thesis involves exploring the underlying factors the radical Islamic fundamentalist effort in the New Cold War. It begins by describing the movement in terms of three characteristics: ideology, leadership and enabling environment. The discussion also highlights similarities between the current foe and the one the US faced in the first Cold War and incorporates examples of how radical Islamic fundamentalism conducts battle by proxy with democracy in Indonesia and Malaysia. This paper concludes with recommendations on how the lessons from US history, the current successes in the Indo-Malay response to terrorism, and DIME initiatives can help the democracies win the New Cold war.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Drug Cartels
The bi-polar security policy of the Cold War has now evolved into a regional focus. However, traditional US thinking about regional security still focuses on "old-style" decision making and management practices. This "old-style" approach has been applied to the war on drugs. This paper focuses on a different approach using current capabilities to fight the war on drugs. Focusing directly on the cartels and their centers of gravity which are not currently targeted by the drug control strategy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Why the Air Force Can't Do Influence Operations
The Air Force has articulated a robust mission set for Information Operations to include the subset operations designated as Influence Operations (IO). However, unlike the more developed elements of the IO triad - electronic Warfare Operations and Network Warfare Operations - it violates many cultural assumptions of the Air Force; thereby making its development as a functional operational area unlikely. This paper compares Air Force and IO cultural assumptions to assess threats to and opportunities for change and then makes recommendations on how best to make IFO a functional component of the Air Force arsenal. The recommendations include initiatives to promote harmonization of Air Force and IFO culture that include developing a common language, developing IFO pioneers that will speak Air Force while developing IFO consciousness within the service at large. This process will also create improved education, targeting, and procedures, as well as a linking up with other practitioners.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Understanding the Links Between Organized Crime and Terrorism in Military Operations
Organized crime is becoming a large-scale business that is conducting global commerce for the trafficking of illegal services and products as well as developing the associated supply chains. Criminal organizations are conducting commerce across traditional nation-state boundaries allowing criminal groups to work in coordination with other like groups; this coordination is called transnational crime. The United Nations (UN), aware of this activity, has stated that "the traditional hierarchical forms of organized crime groups have diminished; replaced with loose networks who work together to exploit new" markets of opportunity (UNODC 2006d, paragraph 2). These loose networks have many resources available to affiliates that include financial services, global transportation, and the weapons industry. Criminals, organized crime, and terrorist networks have access to these valuable resources via this affiliation. Currently: 1. Illegal drugs make up 8 percent of the world trade or $322 billion (Drug Policy Alliance 2004, paragraph 4) 2. Global prostitution industry is estimated to be $52 billion (Hughes 2000, paragraph 16) 3. Worldwide money laundering activity is at roughly $1 trillion a year (Ashcroft 2001, paragraph 4) 4. Weapons smuggling is a multi-billon dollar industry (UNODC 2006d, paragraph 3) Organized crime, consequently, may be used as a tool of war.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
What is the Role of the Joint Forces Air Component Commander as Airspace Control Authority During Stability Operations?
Airspace control is not a new concept and there has been considerable doctrinal development and discussion over the last 50 years. However, the role the joint forces air component commander as the airspace control authority during stability operations has not been explored. Airspace control has become increasingly complex due to the increase of unmanned aerial vehicles in use by the Army and other services. Differences in airspace control capability, the lack airspace control equipment, doctrine, joint training and common systems increase the difficulties for the joint forces air component commander to function as airspace control authority during stability operations. This analysis highlights the robust air control system employed during stability operations (counterinsurgency) in South Vietnam, but was not available for Operation Enduring Freedom and for Operation Iraqi Freedom after major combat operations ended and stability operations began. This study specifically highlights the lack of certain items of air control equipment, airspace control doctrine for stability operations, common systems, and robust joint training and offers recommendations for improving joint capabilities and doctrine.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Terrorism Prevention
The 2002 US national security strategy is a proactive, world integrated strategy against terrorism. The US chose to highlight preemption as a viable option to deal with terrorists or rogue states. The aim of this thesis is to address the planning and execution of this policy at the operational level with regard to prevention more so than preemption. As such, strategic and operational decisions regarding actions to be taken against impending terrorist threats will need to be made to prevent the onset of hostile acts against the US. The decisions to act will also incur associated military and political risks. Once possible terrorist activity is detected, the US may choose to use diplomatic, economic or informational means but often the only sure means of stopping terrorist attacks will be by military means. This thesis addresses the unanswered operational level questions regarding the US strategy as well as the preventive military actions that the US and regional combatant commander can take to effectively mitigate the use of terrorism against America. The primary focus revolves around Special Operations Forces (SOF) capabilities and the circumstances to use them, as well as finding out how they fit into the grand scheme of the war on terrorism.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Time to Overhaul the United States Air Force's Air Command and Staff College
The Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) is the United States (US) Air Force's (AF) intermediate professional military education (PME) service school, charged with preparing field grade officers of all services, international officers, and US civilians to assume positions of higher responsibility within the military and other government arenas (ACSC Home Page 2006). The school has two mission statements: one directed towards students and the other towards faculty and staff. The student mission statement is to "inspire critically thinking Airmen to lead Air and Space forces in Joint/Combined operations." The faculty and staff mission statement is to "provide an intellectually stimulating environment that attracts, develops, and rewards the finest team of educator-leaders possible" (ACSC Home Page 2006). As a current ACSC student, I believe the overall content and educational approach is inefficient and does not help ACSC achieve its mission statements.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
New Terrorism Old Terrorism Recycled
Terrorism. The mere mention of the word conjures up horrific images for most Americans of the events that unfolded on September 11, 2001. An overwhelming feeling of shock and disbelief prevailed as the American public watched television replays showing American Airlines Flight 11 crashing into the north tower of the World Trade Center and sending the building up in flames. Approximately eighteen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center, replacing the feelings of shock and disbelief with feelings of anger and hatred as the reality of a terrorist attack on American soil started to sink in. In less than an hour and a half, the south tower collapsed into a heap of twisted metal and fiery debris. Twenty-three minutes more would pass before the north tower would collapse, forever changing the landscape of the New York skyline. A mere forty minutes after the second airliner crashed into the World Trade Center, the scene shifted to Washington DC where a third airliner, American Airlines Flight 77, plunged into the Pentagon, the hallmark of American military might. Meanwhile, a fourth airliner, United Airlines Flight 93, was being hijacked and thought to be headed for the Whitehouse, when a group of courageous passengers overpowered the hijackers and sent the airliner crashing into a field in western Pennsylvania.1 The death toll from these horrific terrorist attacks would surpass 3,000.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Case Study on the U.S. Policy in Humanitarian Intervention
In the past 16 years, the U.S. has intervened militarily in approximately 20 crises ranging from feeding the Kurds in Iraq in 1990 to ousting a corrupt regime from Haiti in 2004. Given the current international security environment, it is likely that the U.S. will continue to intervene militarily in non-permissive environments to provide humanitarian assistance. Therefore, theU.S. must develop a current policy to address such why, when, and how the U.S. will participate in such operations. Analysis of case studies of humanitarian intervention (HI) in Somalia, Rwanda, and Liberia provides lessons learned to identify the conditions for U.S. participation and to shape the policy necessary for those participations. Although many lessons can be learned from analyzing these case studies, this paper addresses only those lessons crucial to developing a coherent HI policy. Lessons include ensuring a linkage to national interests and security, ensuring the HI addresses the root-cause of the conflict, accepting that HI risks American lives, and ensuring the appropriate allocation of national resources. Finally, the paper provides six recommendations in developing a coherent HI policy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Reducing AWACS Perstempo
The study seeks to gain a Combat Air Force (CAF) wide solution to reduce AWACS PERSTEMPO to a level commensurate with the AEF construct. The literature review will focus on the Air Expeditionary Force concept. Initially, we will explore the AEF Program Action Directive (PAD) to discern Low Density/High Demand capabilities as forwarded by the service. We will then investigate the Joint tasking process and seek a congruent tasking level between the service AEF goal of 90 days in 15 months and the Blackhawk shoot down mandate of 120 days. We will then take a historic view of E-3 PERSTEMPO rates in the 1990s and the success or failure of the joint tasking process to meet the 120 day goal.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Intergovernmental Service Agreements Between the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
The United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is a government law agency ran by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE is responsible for protecting our nations borders and an abundance of national security such as: drug smuggling, human trafficking, terrorism, fraud, gangs, and much more. It was established in 2002 following what happened on September 11, 2001. Immigration and Customs Enforcement publishes memos, contracts, Detention Facility Reviews, Policies and more; this is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Extremist Islamic Terrorist Organizations
Extremist Islamic Terrorist Organizations: Dangers for the Present and Future Al Qaeda (AQ), an Extremist Islamic Terrorist Organization (EITO), conducted a series of then unimaginable terrorist attacks on September 11th 2001 all without the benefit of any non-traditional Muslim recruits. AQ has since indicated that they want to continue to attack the United States (US) directly in their "jihad" against the West. Thus, future attacks within the US are a near certainty. US counter-terrorism efforts to date have been reactionary and occur only after terrorists have been recruited, organized, and trained. To develop an adequate counter-terrorism program, the US must make a concerted effort to interdict EITOs before they begin to plan future attacks. Optimally, this means preventing potential recruits from joining EITOs. To accomplish this, analysts need to fully understand EITOs ideological goals, which in turn helps explain what these terrorist organizations are attempting to achieve when recruiting as well as why, how, where, and who they are recruiting. An examination of the history, leadership, and ideological goals of the first EITO, the Muslim Brotherhood as well as AQ, currently the most active and violent EITO, establishes a basic understanding of the ideological goals of most EITOs. Indications are that most EITOs have similar ideological goals calling for the advancement of Islam and a greater Islamic Nation. This postulation warrants additional examination as understanding what each EITO wants to achieve is critical in developing adequate counter-recruiting and counter-terrorism strategies. Analysis reveals EITOs conduct a multifaceted recruiting campaign.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Total Force Integration
The United States Air Force Reserve Component (RC) has moved from a Cold War strategic reserve posture to an ongoing operational mission. This change in posture necessitates a critical examination of the current Air Reserve Component structure. This paper seeks to examine the relevance of the traditional strategic structure for the future of the Total Force. Specifically, the Total Force Integration (TFI) requires the USAF to apply the correct mix of missions and roles to the Reserve Component through the effective implementation and expansion of the associate program between the active duty component (AC) and the reserve component. This paper will review the historical aspects of TFI and the associate program. It will present the causal aspects leading to the need for TFI and the associate program, while revealing benefits and challenges that are presented by associations. Finally, it will recommend the proper mix of missions and recommendations for TFI and the associate program to succeed under the current operations tempo and into the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Police Leadership Challenges in a Changing World
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the US Department of Justice. The NIJ is dedicated to improving knowledge and understanding of crime and justice issues through science. NIJ provides objective and independent knowledge and tools to reduce crime and promote justice, particularly at the state and local levels. Each year, the NIJ publishes and sponsors dozens of research and study documents detailing results, analyses and statistics that help to further the organization's mission. These documents relate to topics like biometrics, corrections technology, gun violence, digital forensics, human trafficking, electronic crime, terrorism, tribal justice and more. This document is one of these publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Shades of Gray
Understanding and articulating the nature of war has challenged mankind from the beginning. Although the character of war continues to evolve with societal change, it never goes beyond its most basic tenant, the use of force to solve political problems. Virtually all Western societies have adopted Carl Von Clausewitz's premise that war is a continuation of politics by other means; hence, it is accepted in democratic nations that the military will be subservient to duly elected political leaders. Since ultimate accountability rests with civilian leadership, the universal challenge has always been to determine the extent to where legitimate political intervention in military affairs becomes counterproductive political interference. This premise, however, assumes that the role of the military can easily be separated and compartmentalized from grand strategic goals. History abounds with examples of governments using military force to achieve political aims in a manner that does not truly constitute the strategic nature of war. Terms such as Gun-Boat Diplomacy, Low-Intensity Conflict (LIC), Small Scale Contingencies (SSC) and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) attempt to capture the nebulous region between peace and war where civilian authorities retain significant control of the military power used to achieve political purpose. In the past decade, technological innovation, coupled with doctrinal change, has demonstrated that even limited war can be orchestrated much more precisely to achieve a desired political end-state.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Towards a Fail-Safe Air Force Culture
The paper argues the current re-invigoration of a and Zero Defects and culture within the Air Force's Nuclear Enterprise following the B-52 and Taiwan incidents will not produce the desired results. Similarly, a tolerant approach to the problem is equally destined to failure. Long term excellence in the enterprise is achievable through embracing a and Fail Safe and culture espoused by modern research into High Reliability Organizations (HROs) and practiced within Air Force subcultures such as the Flight Safety System and Flight Test Safety Process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How the Current View of the Air and Space Environment Influences Development of Military Space Forces
Perceptions determine actions. The military's perception of the air and space environment influences the type of space forces it will develop in the future. This paper addresses this perception by answering the following question: How does the current view of the air and space environment influence the development of military space forces? The research method centered on surveying literature and interviewing DOD policy makers to develop the idea that the military's current organizational paradigm is a paradox that sees space as a medium, separate from air, while at the same time, bound to it physically, theoretically, and historically. This paradox creates a dilemma that influences the military's ability to advocate and justify requirements, and ultimately garner resources to develop a viable space force. The paper develops measures of merit to show organizational evidence of how these linking and separating positions of the paradigm express themselves within the military. This has both positive and negative aspects for space force development. It promotes a healthy climate for debate, but at the same time, frustrates DOD's ability to generate a healthy concept-pull environment. The paper concludes by opening the door to ideas for resolving the dilemma the current paradigm presents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
