Transforming Protection
Unarmed Civilian Protection (UCP) is practised globally by civilians protecting fellow civilians without the use of weapons. This book argues that while UCP is useful and transformative in its own right, its principles and values mean it has the potential to transform our responses in a range of social contexts where there is violence. Chapters investigate the relationship between power, protection and peace; community-led aspects of protection; and successful behaviours and actions in protection. The book argues that when UCP is accepted as a viable form of protection from direct violence, there are wider implications for communities, security and violence. In turn, these insights can provide us with new models for ensuring people's safety.
Crisis in the Taiwan Strait
This is the official record of a hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations, held by the House of Representatives on March 14, 1996. The hearing, titled "Crisis in the Taiwan Strait: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy," addressed the escalating tensions between China and Taiwan and the potential impact on the United States.The document provides insights into the perspectives of members of Congress and expert witnesses on the complex geopolitical situation in the region. It covers topics such as China's military exercises in the Taiwan Strait, the U.S. commitment to Taiwan's security, and the broader implications for U.S.-China relations. This historical record offers valuable context for understanding the ongoing dynamics in the Taiwan Strait and the challenges facing U.S. foreign policy in the region.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Implementing U.S. Arms Control Agreements
Verification of arms control agreements has become a major topic in international relations. Although violations of such agreements properly command significant attention at the highest levels, the successful implementation of these often complex and intrusive verification regimes frequently goes unnoticed. This book documents the story of one of the key organizations in this historic struggle to constrain and, where possible, eliminate the weapons that continue to plague the human race and the world environment-the United States (U.S.) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and its legacy organization, the U.S. Department of Defense On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA). This story is told by some of the world's leading experts on the subject-men and women who labored on the front lines of the on-site inspections (OSI) and related activities which formed a key component of the verification of a broad array of modern arms control agreements. Recounted in the book are the real-world experiences for students and practitioners of the arms control profession to reflect upon. This collection of arms control missions provides many firsts: - They are a record of the first actual arms control on-site inspections under the INF Treaty and, soon after, START. - They document the first travels and visits to Soviet and Russian INF and START missile sites. - They provide the first American experiences and visits to many remote Soviet and Russian military communities; often being the first time many Soviet/Russian citizens saw any Americans. - They record, for the Soviet and Russian inspectors, their reactions and wonder at U.S. treaty sites. U.S. INF and START inspection sites gave these inspectors the opportunity to visit U.S. military sites, to experience U.S. capitalist stores rich in consumer goods, and to eat in restaurants stocked with plenty of delicious food. - They also provide insight to the reaction of U.S. military facilities to the presence of Soviet/Russian inspectors accessing protected areas of the sites.
Implementing U.S. Arms Control Agreements
Verification of arms control agreements has become a major topic in international relations. Although violations of such agreements properly command significant attention at the highest levels, the successful implementation of these often complex and intrusive verification regimes frequently goes unnoticed. This book documents the story of one of the key organizations in this historic struggle to constrain and, where possible, eliminate the weapons that continue to plague the human race and the world environment-the United States (U.S.) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and its legacy organization, the U.S. Department of Defense On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA). This story is told by some of the world's leading experts on the subject-men and women who labored on the front lines of the on-site inspections (OSI) and related activities which formed a key component of the verification of a broad array of modern arms control agreements. Recounted in the book are the real-world experiences for students and practitioners of the arms control profession to reflect upon. This collection of arms control missions provides many firsts: - They are a record of the first actual arms control on-site inspections under the INF Treaty and, soon after, START. - They document the first travels and visits to Soviet and Russian INF and START missile sites. - They provide the first American experiences and visits to many remote Soviet and Russian military communities; often being the first time many Soviet/Russian citizens saw any Americans. - They record, for the Soviet and Russian inspectors, their reactions and wonder at U.S. treaty sites. U.S. INF and START inspection sites gave these inspectors the opportunity to visit U.S. military sites, to experience U.S. capitalist stores rich in consumer goods, and to eat in restaurants stocked with plenty of delicious food. - They also provide insight to the reaction of U.S. military facilities to the presence of Soviet/Russian inspectors accessing protected areas of the sites.
Understanding International Diplomacy
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of international diplomacy, covering both theory and practice. The third edition has been updated and revised, with new chapters on the digital turn, contemporary crises, and power shifts in modern diplomacy.By integrating historical traditions from Europe, China, and the Middle East with modern diplomatic challenges, this book: Traces the evolution of diplomacy from its historical foundations to its modern institutionalised form, examining how shifting power dynamics, technological revolutions, and geopolitical crises have shaped its trajectory Examines theoretical perspectives on diplomacy as a communicative practice, exploring how diplomats interpret and project power, negotiate international norms, and sustain diplomatic agency in an increasingly fragmented world order Analyses diplomacy in the digital age, investigating how new technologies, social media, and artificial intelligence reshape diplomatic interactions, redefine state and non-state engagement, and challenge traditional diplomatic norms in a rapidly evolving global information environment. This new edition offers an up-to-date, accessible, and authoritative overview of how diplomacy works and, indeed, ought to work in a globalised world. It will be essential reading for students of international diplomacy and is highly recommended for students of crisis negotiation, international organisations, foreign policy, and international relations.
Governing Nature and the Making of World Order
Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. How have efforts to govern nature and address urgent global environmental challenges shaped, transformed or undermined processes of world ordering? Chapters in this book explore how efforts to govern nature have transformed - or are transforming - how we understand and practice world politics. Bringing together a team of contributors from around the world, the book traces this inquiry across diverse international policy fields, from security and peacebuilding through science cooperation and governing ecosystems to the politics of economic growth. Taken together, the book offers a conceptually ambitious and empirically grounded account of how the governance of nature and the making of world order intertwine and calls for a research agenda to attend to the growing impact of this interrelationship.
Symbols and Sacrifice in War
A new theory of how soldiers persevere through the hardships of long warsNationalism and its effect on military strategy have long been of interest to scholars of conflict. Outcomes of war are not solely determined by firepower and numbers, but also by the motivations of soldiers fighting for their nation.This book presents a new theory about the will to fight, arguing that how a conflict resonates with the myths, symbols, and core beliefs underlying national identity shapes soldiers' morale, discipline, and initiative in battle. Brathwaite compares the will to fight of British, Indian, and Australian soldiers in World War II. She draws on military records, such as unit diaries and morale reports, to demonstrate the connection between identity and the will to fight. Her research is important because political leaders make key decisions on matters ranging from the use of force to military manpower policy based on beliefs about what motivates soldiers in battle.Scholars of security studies, policymakers, and military professionals will be interested in this new theory of a key aspect of military effectiveness and power.
History of Black Women Deans, College Alumnae Organizations, and Activism
This historical account uncovers the lived experiences and history of pioneering Black women deans. Few scholars have studied the origins of Black deans of women and college graduates who were at the intersection of race and gender. Ashla C. Hill Roseboro's History of Black Women Deans, College Alumnae Organizations, and Activism fills this gap by sharing the lived experiences of pioneering administrators at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and college alumnae who overcame barriers by forming their own professional circles. She investigates newspaper reports, articles, and artifacts from 1910 to the 1960s to provide insights on how these educated women advocated for higher education standards through the collective work of awarding scholarships to students, strategy meetings, and enrichment programs. This sisterhood emphasized how they took creative approaches to gain members, improve education, and promote equality. Past successes and struggles of these trailblazers illuminate how progress was made despite limitations and setbacks. This book points to the path taken by these mentoring leaders who sacrificed for the greater good of their communities. Leaders today can be inspired through these writings to continue being beacons of hope for greater equity towards a just society.
The Digital Environment and Small States in Europe
The Digital Environment and Small States in Europe delves into how the digital revolution intersects with global security dynamics and reshapes the geopolitical landscape.
Russian Warfare in the 21st Century
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of Russia's foreign policy in gray zone conflicts, with a particular focus on its interventions in Ukraine.
Che Lives!
This book explores the vast and ongoing legacy of Che Guevara in world politics. It is one of the first volumes to explore both historical and contemporary manifestations of Che's legacy, with an emphasis on the international dimensions of his thought and praxis.
Security in 21st Century Europe
Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the rise of populism and uncertainties about the future direction of US politics and foreign policy have created a troubling new international environment for Europe. Against this background, Security in 21st Century Europe explores the evolution of European security since the end of the Cold War and the security challenges facing European states in the 2020s and beyond. It argues that security in Europe has been transformed by the development of liberal regional order underpinned by a security community - a zone of peace where war is inconceivable - and NATO and the EU. But today the European security community, NATO and the EU face a growing array of external challenges and even questions about their continued existence. This third edition analyses: - The relationship between the European security community/NATO/EU and the wider Europe, including: Russia; the Balkans; the former Soviet space; the Mediterranean and North Africa- European engagement with core thematic security issues, including: military intervention; nuclear weapons; terrorism; and non-military security- 3 new chapters on migration, climate change and cybersecurity- All recent major developments that impact on European security, including: the Syrian civil war and resulting regional destabilization; the Russia-Ukraine war; China's accelerating rise; and populism Security in 21st Century Europe combines theory and detailed empirical analysis, exploring both how different theoretical perspectives can help us think about European security and concrete empirical developments in European security policies and institutions. This text is the perfect companion for advanced undergraduate and Master's level courses on European security, whether within courses in Security studies, European studies or International Relations.
The Failure of Public Finance Management in Afghanistan
In rebuilding conflict-affected states, a major portion of foreign aid focuses on reforming public finance management systems and supporting annual budgets. The book explores budgets are allocated and how reforms take shape in practice. It appeals to donors and researchers in public finance, foreign aid, security, and development studies.
Understanding International Diplomacy
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of international diplomacy, covering both theory and practice. The third edition has been updated and revised, with new chapters on the digital turn, contemporary crises, and power shifts in modern diplomacy.By integrating historical traditions from Europe, China, and the Middle East with modern diplomatic challenges, this book: Traces the evolution of diplomacy from its historical foundations to its modern institutionalised form, examining how shifting power dynamics, technological revolutions, and geopolitical crises have shaped its trajectory Examines theoretical perspectives on diplomacy as a communicative practice, exploring how diplomats interpret and project power, negotiate international norms, and sustain diplomatic agency in an increasingly fragmented world order Analyses diplomacy in the digital age, investigating how new technologies, social media, and artificial intelligence reshape diplomatic interactions, redefine state and non-state engagement, and challenge traditional diplomatic norms in a rapidly evolving global information environment. This new edition offers an up-to-date, accessible, and authoritative overview of how diplomacy works and, indeed, ought to work in a globalised world. It will be essential reading for students of international diplomacy and is highly recommended for students of crisis negotiation, international organisations, foreign policy, and international relations.
From Nationalism to Fascist Europeanism
This book traces the intellectual history of fascist Europeanism, examining how Italian and Francophone fascist thinkers envisioned European unity as a means of consolidating power, overcoming nationalist divisions, and resisting external threats rather than promoting peace or democracy.Readers will discover how fascist thinkers--from Mussolini and Drieu La Rochelle to Evola, Thiriart, and Romualdi--reimagined European unity as a radical alternative to liberal democracy, driven by visions of power, hierarchy, and racial identity. By exploring pivotal debates on nationalism, modernity, and empire, this book reveals the hidden ideological struggles within fascist Europeanism and their enduring legacy in today's far-right movements. Richly grounded in historical analysis and original sources, it provides a provocative new perspective on European integration as an ongoing political battleground.This book is intended for scholars, researchers, and students of modern European history, fascism, and political ideologies. It will also be of interest to those studying contemporary far-right movements and the historical roots of European integration.
Factional Politics in the Liberal Democratic Party
What explains change and continuity in Japan's economic statecraft? This Element examines the interplay between factional dynamics in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Japan's foreign policy through two cases: Japan's unprecedented decision to impose severe sanctions on Russia following its 2022 Ukraine invasion, and its decades-long ASEAN strategy amid political uncertainty and great power competition. The authors find that factional balance or the outsized influence of a large faction facilitates abrupt political-economic shifts, sustained until a similar dynamic triggers correction. Unlike most systems, Japan's intra-party politics do not lead to full leadership turnover, enabling factions to influence policy while empowering non-leadership members to drive change. This dual role strengthens barriers to change, embedding political inertia. Using factional membership data from 1961 to 2024, they argue that factions are a more systematic unit of analysis than political entrepreneurs in understanding the relationship between Japan's domestic politics and foreign policy decisions.
Policy Preparation Inside the European Commission
The European Commission is at the heart of EU policymaking. However, over the past 15-20 years, its position has been challenged due to the growing influence of the European Council, the increased powers of the European Parliament, and the introduction of European agencies. This has led some observers to believe that the Commission's role and influence are diminishing. However, other observers argue that the Commission remains a highly significant institution. Policy Preparation Inside the European Commission qualifies this debate. It argues that the key to understanding the Commission's position is its right of initiative in the EU policy process. The book demonstrates how the Commission has turned the right of initiative into a formidable political weapon. The authors support this point with a long list of creative studies of how the Commission prepares its policy proposals. Some studies focus on internal coordination inside the Commission, a first challenge for the Commission to overcome because, upon closer inspection, it is a highly fragmented institution split into approximately 50 administrative units. Other studies focus on how the Commission strategically interacts with actors in its environment - the member states, the European Parliament, and interest groups - to explore and expand its political room for manoeuvre. The core result is that the Commission is still a powerful and proactive player in EU politics.
Money, Parties, and Democracy
Democratic politics is expensive. In United States (US) presidential elections, for instance, total spending, including funding by the candidate-supporting political action committees, now exceeds $6.5 billion. Who should bear these costs? Should the state fund political parties and their campaigns, or should most of the funding come from private citizens? In the US, election campaigns are largely funded by private donations from individuals and corporate entities, whereas in Germany, the state is the main funder of electoral politics through subventions to parties. In some other countries, parties have been able to raise most of what they need internally by charging membership dues or, more exceptionally, by relying on a wealthy patron. Across these countries, and in many more, however, there have been numerous scandals and controversies involving political finance, which pose a serious challenge to fundamental democratic principles. Matteo Bonotti and Zim Nwokora analyse the nature of these democratic risks and how they differ across various models of political finance. They argue that political finance rules ought to counterbalance the weaknesses of the party system they are being used alongside. To do so, political finance rules and party systems should be assessed together, in terms of three distinctive normative dimensions-collegiality, systemic voice and systemic accountability-which capture what parties, at their best, can contribute to democratic politics. Money, Parties, and Democracy sets out a framework for evaluating political finance systems so that they can be designed or reformed to better support good governance.
Zweites Buch
Delve into the strategic insights and impassioned convictions of Adolf Hitler as he expounds upon the principles and imperatives of German foreign policy in his seminal work, Zweites Buch (Second Book). Within these pages, Hitler unveils the intricate dynamics and pivotal moments that shaped Germany's diplomatic landscape during a pivotal era in history.Through Hitler's meticulous analysis and unwavering dedication to the National Socialist cause, readers are transported to the heart of interwar Europe, where geopolitical tensions and ideological clashes abound. With clarity and authority, Hitler articulates the challenges faced by the National Socialist movement and the urgent need for a resolute foreign policy to safeguard Germany's interests and ensure its resurgence on the world stage.As you immerse yourself in the pages of Zweites Buch, prepare to be enlightened and provoked by Hitler's compelling vision for Germany's future. This seminal work serves as a testament to the enduring relevance of Hitler's insights and a rallying cry for those who seek to understand the forces that shaped the course of history.Questions on Authenticity: Yes - it is well established that Zweites Buch is an authentic work by Adolf Hitler. The manuscript was dictated by him in 1928 to Max Amann (head of Eher Verlag, the official party publisher) as a follow-up to Mein Kampf, with a stronger focus on Germany's future foreign policy.However, Hitler later decided not to release it - partly because Germany's foreign policy stance shifted by the early 1930s, and publishing the book at that point would have conflicted with new strategic priorities. Only three typed copies were originally made and locked away.One of these copies was recovered by U.S. forces after the war and authenticated by German and Allied historians. While the surviving version is typed (not handwritten), testimonies from witnesses - including Eher Verlag staff and officials at the Nuremberg Trials - confirm its origin, and no serious historian today disputes Hitler's authorship. In 1961, it was published in Germany under supervision of the Institute of Contemporary History.In short: this is a genuine Hitler manuscript, simply unpublished at the time for political reasons.
International Security Studies
This textbook provides students with a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the subject of security studies, with a strong emphasis on the use of case studies. This 3rd edition has been revised and updated for recent developments, with new material on the Ukraine War, China and the covid pandemic.
Factional Politics in the Liberal Democratic Party
What explains change and continuity in Japan's economic statecraft? This Element examines the interplay between factional dynamics in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Japan's foreign policy through two cases: Japan's unprecedented decision to impose severe sanctions on Russia following its 2022 Ukraine invasion, and its decades-long ASEAN strategy amid political uncertainty and great power competition. The authors find that factional balance or the outsized influence of a large faction facilitates abrupt political-economic shifts, sustained until a similar dynamic triggers correction. Unlike most systems, Japan's intra-party politics do not lead to full leadership turnover, enabling factions to influence policy while empowering non-leadership members to drive change. This dual role strengthens barriers to change, embedding political inertia. Using factional membership data from 1961 to 2024, they argue that factions are a more systematic unit of analysis than political entrepreneurs in understanding the relationship between Japan's domestic politics and foreign policy decisions.
Federation of Nations; an Alternative to the League of Nations
"Federation of Nations; an Alternative to the League of Nations" presents a historical perspective on early 20th-century attempts to foster global cooperation and prevent war. Penned by William Henry Smyth, this work explores alternative frameworks to the League of Nations, delving into the political theories and ideals that shaped the post-World War I era. The book offers valuable insights into the challenges and complexities of international relations, examining the pursuit of world peace and the establishment of effective international organizations. This book is a significant contribution to the study of international political thought and the history of efforts to create a more peaceful and interconnected world. It remains relevant for scholars and anyone interested in understanding the historical context of contemporary global governance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Criminal Non-State Actors
This monograph addresses the role of criminal non-state actors in South America. In a departure from traditional analysis, the author notes that non-state actors that affect political and social life in the Global South are not always terrorist actors or the result of political disputes. In several countries, criminal actors with a high degree of complexity emerge, capable of performing violent actions that proportionally surpass the economy of crime. Furthermore, they are capable of carrying out actions beyond the state, in a transnational approach, connecting with criminal organizations in other countries and or even other violent non-state actors. This volume consolidates studies on criminal non-state actors in South America, analyzing their historical development, governance capacity, profiling key actors, and assessing their overall effect on international relations as a whole. As such, it will be useful to students and researchers interested in international security, criminology, Latin American studies, and peace and conflict studies.
Universal Peace--War Is Mesmerism
In "Universal Peace--War Is Mesmerism," Arthur Edward Stilwell passionately argues for the possibility and necessity of universal peace. Stilwell contends that war is a form of collective mesmerism, a delusion that can be overcome through reason and understanding. This first volume lays the groundwork for a philosophical and social transformation aimed at abolishing conflict and promoting harmony among nations. Drawing upon historical examples and insightful analysis, Stilwell explores the underlying causes of war, offering a compelling vision of a world free from violence. This book is a timeless call for pacifism and a valuable resource for anyone interested in the pursuit of global peace.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Man Who Would Be King
Based on exclusive interviews, an eye-opening biography of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), head of the House of Saud, the calculating ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and a central Middle East power broker.Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter and former Wall Street Journal publisher, Karen House has gained unprecedented insights into Saudi Arabia and its controversial leader, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman through her more than forty years of experience covering the Arab kingdom.House reveals a leader who like Peter the Great, is a reformer determined to modernize his kingdom but also an autocrat who jails political opponents and rival princes to assure his grip on power. Drawing on extensive interviews with the Crown Prince, his royal relatives, and his inner ring of advisors, The Man Who Would Be King explains in full what shaped the man who is reshaping Saudi Arabia.Drawing on fresh, headline-making reporting, House balances both sides of this complex ruler. We are introduced to MBS the visionary, who has ushered in reforms for women to participate more equitably, encouraged tourism to the Kingdom, and placed long term bets on green energy and trillion dollar mega-projects like The Line, a hundred-mile-long enclosed futuristic city in the desert that will be run by AI. And we meet MBS the Machiavellian prince, widely accused of having Washington Post columnist and Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi murdered, and of sports washing the kingdom's reputation by investing billions in teams globally, from Premiere League soccer to the LIV (liv) golf tour to the World Cup which the Kingdom will host in 2034.The Man Who Would Be King reveals MBS in all his complexities, from his rise to power and his vision for the future of his Kingdom, to his ruthless maneuvers to project power--a shrewd broker working to seal a viable deal with Israel and bring peace to Gaza while he cuts oil supplies to manipulate Western politics. It is an unprecedent and much needed in-depth portrait of the leader who, at only thirty-nine, will be a major player on the world stage for the next half century.
China’s Gambit
Emerging from an award-winning article in International Security, China's Gambit examines when, why, and how China attempts to coerce states over perceived threats to its national security. Since 1990, China has used coercion for territorial disputes and issues related to Taiwan and Tibet, yet China is curiously selective in the timing, target, and tools of coercion. This book offers a new and generalizable cost-balancing theory to explain states' coercion decisions. It demonstrates that China does not coerce frequently and uses military coercion less when it becomes stronger, resorting primarily to non-militarized tools. Leveraging rich empirical evidence, including primary Chinese documents and interviews with Chinese and foreign officials, this book explains how contemporary rising powers translate their power into influence and offers a new framework for explaining states' coercion decisions in an era of economic interdependence, particularly how contemporary global economic interdependence affects rising powers' foreign security policies.
Universal Peace--War Is Mesmerism
In "Universal Peace--War Is Mesmerism," Arthur Edward Stilwell passionately argues for the possibility and necessity of universal peace. Stilwell contends that war is a form of collective mesmerism, a delusion that can be overcome through reason and understanding. This first volume lays the groundwork for a philosophical and social transformation aimed at abolishing conflict and promoting harmony among nations. Drawing upon historical examples and insightful analysis, Stilwell explores the underlying causes of war, offering a compelling vision of a world free from violence. This book is a timeless call for pacifism and a valuable resource for anyone interested in the pursuit of global peace.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Public Address in Africa
This first-of-its-kind book illuminates the powerful oratory of African leaders, activists, and intellectuals, exploring speeches that have shaped the continent's history. From Patrice Lumumba's call to end oppression in Africa to Nana Akufo-Addo's critique of economic disparities with the West, this anthology spans pivotal moments. Each speech is analyzed and contextualized, highlighting themes of colonialism, liberation, unity, and self-reliance. It addresses a significant gap in global discourse, celebrating the rhetorical prowess driving Africa's quest for equity. Reflecting the complexities of the African experience, from fighting colonialism to pursuing economic empowerment, this collection is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and professionals. It testifies to the enduring impact of African oratory, amplifying marginalized voices and providing insights into the continent's way of life. This groundbreaking book inspires future generations to work towards a thriving Africa.
Global Partnerships and Neocolonialism
This open access book points at some of the problematic aspects of international partnerships that continue to be shaped by colonialism. A "global partnership for sustainable development" is the 17th of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, research points to shortcomings and problematic aspects of international partnerships that have been shaped by colonialism and continue to reflect unequal power relations between the global North and South. Hence, the chapters of this edited volume explore how global partnerships can be established in a neocolonial environment in the fields of development cooperation, the global economy and knowledge production. The contributions were written by members of the Global Partnership Network (GPN), one of the Centres of Excellence for Exchange and Development funded by the German Ministry for Development Cooperation, which has been working intensively and critically on the topic of partnerships and North-South relations over the past four years.
What Went Wrong with Britain?
A unflinching audit of the damage done by fourteen years of Conservative government. What went wrong with Britain? presents a comprehensive account of the devastating legacy left by the Conservative government. Shining a light into every dark corner, the book exposes the full extent of the damage inflicted on the country's economy, social fabric and political integrity. When the Conservatives were voted out of government in July 2024, they left behind a miserable record of rising poverty, inequality and division. This book reveals the forces that have driven the country to the point of crisis, from austerity and economic mismanagement to sheer political dysfunction. Each chapter offers new insights into the far-reaching consequences of government policies that prioritised ideology, personal ambition and party politics over the public good. Examining the rise of populism, the politics of Brexit, the UK's response to the pandemic and the steady erosion of public trust, this shocking account of the legacy of Conservative government from 2010 to 2024 is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand exactly what went wrong with Britain.
Security & Intelligence
Greetings! Welcome to the first issue of our milestone 10th volume. In this issue of Security and Intelligence (S&I), scholars examine a broad array of topics from justified belief to modern warfare and peacekeeping risks. Our tenth volume opens with a Graduate Lectern worthy of attention. Graduate student Sherry Dingman, with her professor Dr. Kathryn Lambert, brings the soap opera story of La Familia Michoacan (LFM), a Mexican cartel, to academic light. The research highlights the adaptability of criminal organizations to ensure survival. Our first research article of the issue is "Justification (Justified True Belief) in the Intelligence Context - Testimony and Justification Defeaters" from Linda Johansson, in which they examine "justified belief" while considering justified defeaters in argument maps/trees to assess testimony and evaluate sources in the intelligence community. We then turn our attention to a modern warfare discussion in "Kinetics to Keyboards: The Future of the Special Operations Force Operator Post Global War on Terror" by AJ Rutherford focusing on cybersecurity, digital forensics, and network penetration training, along with collaboration with government, private, and academic entities, providing policy recommendations for enhanced training. In the article "Silent Sacrifices: Political Predictors of UN Peacekeeper Fatalities," Kathryn M. Lambert then exposes the seldom discussed risks to peacekeeping missions. International cooperation is explored in "The Future of FVEY: Could France Replace New Zealand as an Intelligence-Sharing Partner?" by Victoria J. Sengelman, which delves into the importance of international secrets-sharing practices and partnerships in the fight against terrorism and global security. Sengelman examines a foreign intelligence-sharing partnership with New Zealand, particularly focusing on the potential formation of a partnership with France. "The Cross-Border Cooperation Between Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela" by Laura J. Gender & David J. Kritz explores the effects of geopolitics, political conflicts, and resulting transnational criminal activity on cross-border cooperation and intraregional communication among Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. "Natural Language Processing for the Intelligence Analysis Process" by Brandon Morad investigates the potential benefits and challenges of integrating Natural Language Processing (NLP) into the US Intelligence Community's (IC) intelligence analysis process. Morad's qualitative analysis aims to explore the introduction of NLP into the intelligence analysis process. Finally, "Active Shooter Awareness and Preparedness in Soft Target Scenarios" by Joshua E. Lane examines preparedness and awareness as crucial factors in educating people about the impact of active shooters, which Lane identifies as increasingly significant, resulting in a greater need for awareness and preparedness. Our volume closes out with a detailed and authoritative review of Terrorist Minds: The Psychology of Violent Extremism from Al-Qaeda to the Far Right. Thank you for joining us on our journey crossing combat lines, examining the intelligence lines of nations in the First World War, exploring social influences on food insecurities, and learning from past analytical mistakes with lessons learned and new analytical approaches. It is a privilege to bring another issue of Security and Intelligence to our readers and the community.
Indo-Pacific Strategic Churn
This book offers a thorough examination and analysis of key developments in the Indo-Pacific region, providing valuable insights for foreign policy professionals, academics, and researchers in geopolitics and international relations. The editor, a long-time observer of Indo-Pacific affairs, has curated contributions from leading Indian scholars, each writing within their area of expertise. This volume is a carefully coordinated effort to present an Indian perspective on the rapid and complex changes in the Indo-Pacific. It offers a comprehensive look at major regional stakeholders, critical strategic challenges to peace and stability, and ongoing non-traditional security issues impacting the area.
Memory Politics After Mass Violence
This book explores how political actors draw on memories of violent pasts to generate political power and legitimacy in the present. Drawing on fieldwork in post-violence Cambodia, Rwanda and Indonesia, the book demonstrates in what way power is derived from how roles are assigned, exploring who is deemed a perpetrator, victim or hero, as well as ambivalences in this memory. The author interrogates the ways in which these roles are attributed and ambivalences created in each society's political discourses, transitional justice processes and cultural heritage. The comparative empirical analysis illustrates the importance of memory for political power and legitimacy today.
What Went Wrong with Britain?
A unflinching audit of the damage done by fourteen years of Conservative government. What went wrong with Britain? presents a comprehensive account of the devastating legacy left by the Conservative government. Shining a light into every dark corner, the book exposes the full extent of the damage inflicted on the country's economy, social fabric and political integrity. When the Conservatives were voted out of government in July 2024, they left behind a miserable record of rising poverty, inequality and division. This book reveals the forces that have driven the country to the point of crisis, from austerity and economic mismanagement to sheer political dysfunction. Each chapter offers new insights into the far-reaching consequences of government policies that prioritised ideology, personal ambition and party politics over the public good. Examining the rise of populism, the politics of Brexit, the UK's response to the pandemic and the steady erosion of public trust, this shocking account of the legacy of Conservative government from 2010 to 2024 is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand exactly what went wrong with Britain.
Sino-Pakistan Partnership Under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Burden of Expectations
This book has come up with the most up-to-date, comprehensive and objective analysis of China's investments in Pakistan under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative. It covers the broad range of Sino-Pakistan relations in the backdrop of Pakistan's complex political, governance, security, socio-environmental and technological challenges that hinder implementation of CPEC projects. Backed by robust empirical evidence, a unique feature of this volume is that it demystifies several myths about CPEC concerning 'debt-trap' narrative, China's 'win-win' proposition and Pakistan's mantra of 'game changer' and 'fate changer'. By examining Chinese infrastructure-building initiative vis-?-vis competing economic initiatives such as the US/G7-led Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment, the Global Gateway strategy of the European Union, and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor of the G20, a distinctive significance of this book is that it aptly situates the implications of China's growing role in Pakistan in broader regional and global context.
The Islamist Turn on Ideological Grounds
Many states in the Islamic Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia that had previously experienced some measure of secularism turned to Islam in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. In so doing, they have changed the political landscape of their nations and the entire region, also significantly influencing international politics. The Islamist Turn outlines, explains, and demonstrates this change. And, on all three counts, the book fills an important gap in our collective knowledge by developing a typology of Islamist turns based on the institutional aspect of the change; offering an ideational explanation of the turns with an emphasis on the political ideologies and strategies of rulers; and studying the cases of Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, and Iran as exemplary of the Islamist turns in the region.
The Accountability Paradox in the Chinese Bureaucracy
This book explores the accountability paradox in the Chinese bureaucracy. The purpose of accountability is to foster compliance and responsiveness among bureaucrats, but instead, it causes bureaucrats' coping tactics, blame-avoiding strategies, and defensive behavior, which constitutes a paradox or pathology of accountability. The accountability paradox is well documented in Western countries, but scarce attention has been paid to the accountability system in the Chinese context. It appears that the accountability paradox is also present in the Chinese context since a series of major transformations were initiated to overhaul the accountability system in China following the 18th National Party Congress in 2012, but exhibits characteristics that are unique to China. In a tightly argued book driven by comprehensive interviews and survey investigations, Dr. Tu sheds light on a subject of interest to sinologists, political scientists, and journalists.
Tackling Wicked Policy Problems
This short book contributes to accelerating the process of recognition of governance studies as a heuristically powerful field of study in two distinct ways. In Part I, it shows first how the governance approach has emerged in response to the limitations of the two main cosmologies that have dominated the 20th century scene type-I liberalism rooted in the market and decentralization; and type-II liberalism rooted in statism and centralization. It proposes a better way to respond effectively to the challenges of effective coordination when power, resources and information are widely distributed into many hands and heads. This new approach has been criticized by the defenders of the ruling cosmologies, but it has evolved effective prototypes of inquiring systems capable of guiding the search for effective wayfinding and for the design of organizational arrangements ensuring effectiveness, resilience and innovation. In Part II, it explores how the governance approach may help in tackling wicked policy problems where ends are neither well known nor agreed upon, and means-ends relationships are either poorly understood or unstable. Three somewhat different cases are discussed: equality where a dominant ideology of egalitarianism in democratic societies is challenged with great difficulty by a cosmology of equability; diversity where, in Canada, maximum diversity would appear to be regarded as optimal diversity, and multiculturalism is propagandized as the nec plus ultra response even though it may be shown to be toxic; and sustainability, where the problem definition and the general direction in which a viable organizational learning regime will emerge are unclear. On both fronts, the book tries to bring a bit of subtlety, a taste for complexity, and some innovative ideas to debates that have wallowed, both at the conceptual and at the practical levels, in ideologically muddy waters.
Probing the Bureaucratic Mind
The transformation of the environment and of the institutional order has created quite a challenge: maintaining some sort of adequacy between these evolving realities and the frames of reference in use by public sector executives. Complexity is often nothing more than a name for a new order calling for a new frame of reference, and the reluctance to abandon old conceptual frameworks is often responsible for fundamental learning disabilities. Through a series of conversations with Canadian federal senior executives about more and more daunting problems - from coping with an evolving context, to engaging intelligently with a new modus operandi, to trying to nudge and tweak programs in order to correct toxic pathologies, to reframing perceptions and redesigning organizations to meet the new challenges - weaknesses of the capabilities of the Canadian federal executives to respond to current challenges were revealed, and suggestions made about ways to kick start a process of refurbishment of these capabilities. This means having to gain new knowledge about complex systems - something that calls for intellectual effort. This volume draws mainly from extensive Chatham House style discussions on 24 different topics, with approximately 100 senior executives of the Canadian federal government, with a number of interviews conducted afterward with other senior Canadian federal executives on the same themes. APEX provided a safe space for these Chatham House discussions, an opportunity for engaged senior executives to discuss daunting wicked policy problems, challenging ideas and intriguing hypotheses, and to reveal how they and their colleagues think.
Globalising Chinese Actors and Internalising the Belt and Road
The literature on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) points out either its negative or positive impacts on global and domestic governance. However, such a dichotomy is too simplistic, not least because it tells us little about the complexity of change in the nature of the BRI as it is implemented. This book argues that the BRI manifests an intricate dynamic comprising two contradictory tendencies: Xi Jinping's top-down and centralised approach to policymaking, with its focus on producing robust Chinese actors who can succeed in a competitive global economy; and a fragmented and decentralised reality made up of an expanding range of actors engaged in realising myriad BRI projects on the ground. The co-existence of these two contradictory tendencies implies that the BRI has a multidimensional impact on global and domestic governance in general, and on the role of Japan in countries where BRI projects take place. Japan matters because of its 'in-between' position between non-Western donors and the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, a position that offers a unique dimension to a frequently dichotomous discussion of the BRI. Globally, China's promotion of the BRI has strengthened an aspect of global governance, the 'open economy', while at the same time fostering the Chinese nuance of a 'planned economy'. Domestically, a Chinese-style approach to state management and investment without political conditions may set back democratisation efforts in emerging countries, but the BRI has also given rise to a renewed sense of democracy in those countries. These multidimensional impacts enable China and Japan to find an on-the-ground complementarity in their approaches to development aid in relation to future cooperation.
After Nations
From a prizewinning writer, a sweeping global history of the birth of nation-states and the consequences of their failure, for readers of Thomas Piketty and Timothy Snyder The system of nation-states is in convulsion. As American hegemony unwinds, anxious Western countries slide into xenophobia and debt. Liberal ideas and institutions are losing their prestige; autocracies like China, Russia, and the UAE, by contrast, are rising. For those most completely abandoned by nation-states, meanwhile, there is no future except through life-threatening migration. All in all, the global political order offers human beings ever fewer securities--and ever more threats. Rana Dasgupta traces the formation and rise of this system in order to explain the cause of its multiple failures today. He takes us from the fall of ancient empires and the expansion of European concepts of money and law, right up to the emergence of twenty-first-century tech firms--which present formidable competition to nation-states--and the epochal restoration of Chinese power. He posits that the time has come to develop a new conception of citizenship, law, and economy--one that corresponds to our own globalized and ecologically fragile condition. An urgent work of astute political and historical analysis, After Nations is an essential text for anyone looking to understand why we seem to be losing our political hold on the world, and how we might try to restore it.
Irregular Governance
Irregular governance pertains to the exploration and design of unusual or, at least, less habitual forms of governance in order to deal more effectively with emerging forms of turbulence and complexity. This capacity to transform depends on the constant arrival on the scene of the right sort of new actors, new structures and new social technologies. Yet our democratic systems are rooted in administrative conservatorship: too many public administrators conceive their role less as serving their political masters than as preserving institutions in a manner consistent with traditions that supposedly need to be maintained. This elusive, self-granted mandate is quite empowering for public administrators, since they argue that they, and their academic colleagues, are the sole group authorized to define what is to be preserved and why. This book is a challenge to administrative conservatorship. It highlights promising initiatives and perilous ones. It makes the case for ombudspersons and against super-bureaucrats, for public-private partnerships and against single-purpose agencies, and for innovation and against the reluctance to adopt effective management tools. A case is made for irreverence vis-?-vis traditional arrangements, and for experimentation and prototyping of new governing arrangements to be actively pursued. It is argued that organizations and socio-economies need to be progressive (in the new sense of having a greater capacity to transform) and antifragile (becoming ever more creative in dealing with avalanches as they get exposed to nastier shocks).
Death of Democratic Freedoms
The second instalment in the Death of Democratic Freedoms series, A Tangled Web of Trump Loyalists, is a clear and accessible guide for everyday readers seeking to understand the forces reshaping American governance. It unpacks the cabinet appointments, their media personas, and loyalties defining Trump's 2025 administration and what they signal about the direction of U.S. democracy. This clear, accessible guide exposes the key players in Trump's 2025 administration: loyalists, influencers, and media insiders chosen more for allegiance than expertise. The book reveals how chaos, competition, and constant reinvention now define American governance.We explore the players in a presidency driven by constant reinvention, factional chaos, and strategic ambiguity; all designed to preserve power, not serve the nation.But this is not just a critique of the political actors. It's a call to caution.Understanding who holds power and why, is the first step toward reclaiming it. At its core, this book is a warning: when loyalty becomes the highest qualification for public office, governance suffers, accountability erodes, and institutions begin to serve a single figure instead of the people. Everyday citizens must recognise that democracy is not self-sustaining. It requires informed engagement, principled resistance, and the courage to speak against systems that reward obedience over competence. The cost of doing nothing is far greater than any discomfort or division: It's the quiet unravelling of a nation.The time to pay attention is now.
Russian Policy Towards Mongolia, 1911-1952
This study analyzes the Soviet Union's strategic interests and policies toward Mongolia, emphasizing Joseph Stalin's perception of its geopolitical importance. It examines why Mongolia's independence was a key condition Stalin set at the Yalta Summit for the Soviet declaration of war on Japan. While existing research has explored Soviet-Mongolian relations, this study utilizes newly declassified archival materials from Russia, Mongolia, and Japan to reassess Stalin's strategic vision and interactions with Mongolian leaders. The research argues that Soviet policy was primarily driven by economic interests, with political considerations playing a secondary role. It also highlights the alignment between Mongolian national aspirations and Russian strategic objectives, particularly since the 1910s. By incorporating previously unexamined sources, this study offers a more nuanced understanding of Soviet-Mongolian relations and Mongolia's role in Soviet Far Eastern strategy, shedding light on its historical path to sovereignty and its significance in regional power dynamics.
