Unsafe Haven
For almost two hundred years the United States has been a safe haven for Irish political prisoners seeking refuge. More recently however the US government has sought deportation, extradition and prosecution to exclude Irish republicans from the country. In the first book to focus on the relationship between these tools of exclusion and US foreign policy, Karen McElrath examines why this change has come about and the extent to which the granting of political asylum in the US is influenced by relations with Britain and other countries. Karen McElrath questions US government attempts to portray an impartial role in the Irish conflict, arguing that historical and contemporary evidence reveals otherwise. She shows that, far from being a neutral process, the success of bids for political asylum often depends on the relationship between the US and the government of the applicant's country of origin. Drawing on exclusive interviews with Irish Republicans who have faced deportation or extradition from the United States, or who have been prosecuted in the US for politically-motivated offences, McElrath explores the links between deportation and extradition outcomes and foreign policy issues. The tools of exclusion are defined in their historical context, and the history of US extradition law is described, with particular focus on the treaties with Britain. McElrath also examines the offences for which Irish and Irish-American Republicans have been charged, discusses the various levels of support for Irish political prisoners in the US, and summarises the findings by international human rights organisations.
Municipal Affairs
"Municipal Affairs, Volume 1" offers a detailed look into the pressing issues facing American cities in the late 19th century. Compiled by the Reform Club's Committee on City Affairs, this volume addresses critical aspects of urban governance, exploring topics such as infrastructure, public services, and political reform. This work provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of urban development during a period of rapid industrialization and population growth.A vital resource for historians, political scientists, and urban planners, "Municipal Affairs" sheds light on the historical context of modern urban challenges and the ongoing quest for effective and equitable city governance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Strategic Disputes in the Black Sea Region
The Black Sea region has undergone significant political and social transformations over the past few decades, resulting in a new geopolitical reality that demands scholarly attention. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolving security dynamics and the associated narratives in this strategic area. With a particular focus on the interplay between European and regional perspectives, this volume explores the critical role of power, energy policy, and security interests in shaping the region's geopolitical landscape. It examines the resurgence of regional leading powers, notably Russia, which has pursued a militant and aggressive foreign policy to reclaim its dominant position. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a profound impact on the Black Sea region, leading to political and social crises in reform-oriented states like Armenia, Georgia, and Ukraine. Moreover, this book delves into Turkey's shifting role in the Black Sea region, as it reevaluates its strategic position between Asia and Europe. The authors analyze Turkey's transition from a cautious and dialogue-oriented regional policy to a more offensive and aggressive foreign policy profile. By considering diverse perspectives, the volume evaluates the prospects for an effective EU foreign policy in the region, examines the potential for sustainable democratic transformation, and explores the growing militarization of Turkish and Russian foreign policies. It also sheds light on the challenges and opportunities for strengthening pluralistic systems in the afflicted states. Featuring contributions from leading scholars in international security studies and foreign policy, this book offers a timely and in-depth exploration of the Black Sea region's complex dynamics. It will be an indispensable resource for scholars and policymakers seeking to understand the strategic disputes and their implications for European and regional interests.
Fear of a Yellow Vest Planet
The Yellow Vest (Gilets Jaunes) protests that started in November 2018 have rocked French political culture and led critics to denounce the movement as being a threat to democracy, or worse. Among other things the protestors were accused of being barbarians, philistines, racists, anti-Semites and reactionaries who would destroy both France and European civilization. In fact, this book argues that the protests must be understood as part of a wave of protests against the extension of the market into all areas of social life that have been taking place around the world since the 1980s. While the Yellow Vest protests embrace a range of actors that cut across the French political spectrum the agenda that rapidly emerged from the movement in the shape of the 'People's Directive' shows that it is a broadly progressive protest that has articulated radical ideas and practices with a view to transforming French political culture by means of direct democracy. The end goal is to be a new social order which is environmentally sustainable and built around principles of social justice. In this respect its ideas and actions are a challenge to mainstream French political culture.
Resource Governance and Protracted Conflict in Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Since the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other activists in 1995, Nigeria's Niger Delta has witnessed conflicts associated with oil production and agitations against oil companies operating in the region. Why did the initial peaceful protests of the oil-bearing communities turn violent? What are the recurring complaints of the people? What roles do the government and the oil corporations play in the perpetuation of the conflicts? In answering these and related questions, John B. Idamkue explores the deep-seated perceptions and grievances of the oil-producing communities by tracing the history of struggle in the region and eliciting the candid views and perspectives of key community actors and stakeholders using their words and responses in a study that is revealing and insightful. By isolating the six pillars of resource governance, Idamkue shines a bright light on the change in the actors, political institutions, and impact of oil production on the livelihood of the people to explain why conflicts linger.
A Political Economy of Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Middle East and Asia
Securing Our Future
In an era marked by escalating global crises--climate change, cyber threats, pandemics, and nuclear weapons proliferation--this book introduces a science-based approach to security and global threats. It underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary science and technology to ensure that decisions and actions are grounded in knowledge. This vision seeks to inspire, promote, and facilitate collaboration across all sectors of global society. Building resilient societies and effectively addressing global threats will require substantial resources. Can we afford to save the Earth? Can we afford not to? Four Key Elements: A Science-Based Approach to Security and Global Threats: The book is structured around two key chapters: an opening chapter that outlines this new vision, and a concluding chapter that reflects on how to translate that vision into actionable steps. Evolution of Earth and Society: A review of the development of our planet leading to modern society, with a discussion on global demography and the economy--critical components of global security and resilience. Key Global Communities: An introduction to five global communities--states, cities, the business and scientific communities, and civil society. It examines how each can contribute to building security and assesses their vulnerabilities to various threats. Major Human-Created Threats: A discussion of five large-scale threats created by human activity or arising from human interaction with nature: global warming, natural disasters, biopandemics, nuclear weapons, and cyber threats. This book serves as a call for informed, collaborative action to address the pressing global challenges of our time.
Intelligence Failures and Strategic Surprises in Complex Geopolitical Environments
We are in an era marked by rapid geopolitical shifts and evolving security challenges, the need for a comprehensive understanding of intelligence failures and strategic surprises has never been more critical. In this important work, Frederic Lemieux analyzes intelligence failures and strategic surprises in geopolitical contexts, offering historical and contemporary case studies, exploring causes and consequences, and providing insights into improving intelligence practices and understanding future geopolitical challenges. Bridging the gap between academic theory and practical intelligence analysis in the context of modern geopolitical instability, Lemieux features in-depth case studies spanning over eight decades, from the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 to the recent Hamas Attack in 2023. Recounting not only the events but also dissecting the types and sources of intelligence failures and their broader geopolitical implications, this historical breadth provides readers with a diverse range of scenarios to understand the evolution and recurring patterns of intelligence oversights. By exploring how technological advancements such as artificial intelligence can mitigate human cognitive biases, Lemieux presents a forward-looking perspective on intelligence practices. Operating under the premise that understanding past failures is crucial for improving future intelligence operations, this study demonstrates how we can re-shape international relations and emphasizes the importance of adapting intelligence analysis to the changing nature of global threats. A timely work which integrates insights from political science, psychology, history, and technology, this text provides intelligence professionals, policymakers, scholars, and students with a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between intelligence, decision-making, and geopolitical dynamics.
China’s Path to Global Status
This book offers a comprehensive exploration of China's governance evolution, focusing on its domestic transformation and the global political impact. The book charts China's trajectory from the reform and opening-up under Deng Xiaoping to the strategies employed by Xi Jinping, emphasizing the shifts in ideology, centralized governance, economic models, and international ambitions. It combines historical context, theoretical insights, and a nuanced comparison of key Chinese leaders, presenting a rich narrative that ties domestic policy to global aspirations.
Southeast Asia Views the United States
This book is a comprehensive study of Southeast Asian views of their respective countries' foreign policies towards the United States. The Southeast Asian contributors are all individuals who bridge both academia and foreign policy circles in their countries, in Southeast Asia, the Indo-Pacific, more broadly, and globally.There is a dearth of theoretically informed, empirically rich literature on the foreign policies of Southeast Asian states. This volume, with eight chapters written by some of Southeast Asia's leading analysts, is therefore important, timely, and fills a large gap in the literature.
China in the Indian Ocean Region
The Indian Ocean, the third-largest ocean in the world, holds immense geopolitical and economic importance. It surpasses even the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in terms of strategic significance. As the world's most densely populated region, the Indian Ocean facilitates the movement of one-third of global bulk cargo and nearly two-thirds of oil shipments. China's growing interests in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) can be traced back to the early 1960s. Since then, Beijing has steadily expanded its presence in the region, driven by crucial factors such as energy needs, trade routes, and strategic security concerns.Over 30 percent of China's seaborne trade, valued at approximately $300 billion, passes through the IOR. With China housing nearly a quarter of the world's population, its demand for energy has risen sharply. Lacking sufficient domestic resources, China relies heavily on foreign energy imports-about 77 percent of its oil comes from West Asia and Africa, transported via the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait.China's dependence on the IOR continues to increase, not only for energy but also for trading with Europe and acquiring resources from Africa. Through its 'String of Pearls' strategy, which involves establishing naval bases across the IOR, China is boosting its military presence. This growing influence poses a significant strategic threat to India, both in the ocean and along the tense India-China border.
Strategic Minilateralism and the Regional Security Architecture of the Indo-Pacific
This book presents research on minilateralism; a major new trend within the security architecture of the Indo-Pacific region that commands attention. It specifically focuses on the predominant sub-category of "strategic minilaterals" - exclusive small-group configurations of major powers driven by the imperatives of strategic competition in a bid to reshape the regional order. In a deteriorating Indo-Pacific security environment, a greater understanding of this phenomenon across its conceptual and applied dimensions is a priority for scholars and practitioners. The book first accounts for the rise of strategic minilateralism as a response to strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific theatre. It then positions the resurgent phenomenon of minilateralism alongside multilateral organisations, military alliances, and strategic partnerships within a three-layer taxonomical model that captures the changing nature of the security architecture in the Indo-Pacific. Following this, it generates a dedicated analytical framework for addressing the focal questions appertaining to "strategic minilaterals", patterned around their design, functionality, and future solvency. The framework is then applied to probe the inner workings of the Quad, AUKUS, and US-Japan Australia Trilateral Strategic Dialogue (TSD) to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses as instruments of strategic competition. The book's distinctive contribution is to codify and conceptually substantiate strategic minilaterals as a significant new form of security alignment and situate them within their multiple external and internal operating contexts.
Covert Wars in Ukraine
What forces are operating in the shadows of the war in Ukraine, both inside and outside the theater of operations? What clandestine operations have been going on for three years, unknown to the general public? Who is assassinating oligarchs across Europe? How are Western secret services helping the Ukrainians? And, more broadly, how do Russian and Ukrainian conceptions of clandestine action differ? Like all conflicts, the one taking place in Ukraine is multi-layered. One is visible. It manifests itself in destruction, operational and tactical movements and their human consequences. Behind this war, however, there is another, less visible and more discreet, taking place beneath the surface of the news. This is the clandestine war.Based on official information as well as American, European, Ukrainian and Russian documents, Jacques Baud reveals this invisible war. Between secret diplomacy and clandestine operations, he looks back at the underground confrontation pitting Russia, Ukraine and Western countries against each other since 2014.
Blitzkrieg and the Russian Art of War
A cutting-edge investigation of how Russia makes war. Russian strategy in the twenty-first century has been described in terms of 'hybrid' warfare, an approach characterised by measures short of war, such as cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns. But as the invasion of Ukraine has brutally demonstrated, conventional armed violence remains a key element of Russian power. In Blitzkrieg and the Russian art of war, Andrew Monaghan offers a high-level view of Russian thinking about warfare. Drawing on extensive Russian sources, he addresses important questions that have been overlooked by most Western commentators: what is the military leadership's distinctive idea of twenty-first-century blitzkrieg? How does it understand holistic territorial defence? How does it manage the shifting balance between offence and defence? Introducing key concepts from Russian military thinking, Blitzkrieg and the Russian art of war is a crucial resource for understanding Russia's resurgent role on the global stage and the devastating threat the country poses to the international order.
The Road to the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation
This book offers a policy analysis of the emergence of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of John Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework. Drawing on 32 expert interviews with key stakeholders--including EU institution representatives (such as trilogue negotiators), member states, industry leaders, NGOs, and journalists--the author provides a deep dive into the decision-making process behind the regulation. Additionally, the study examines 462 position papers from the EU Commission's consultation phases (2009-2011) to uncover the factors that shaped the adoption of the GDPR. At its core, this work explores the 'window of opportunity' that enabled the regulation's adoption.
Strategy Dynamics
With a wealth of valuable empirical materials, Strategy Dynamics explores the concept of adaptation in strategic decision-making through detailed engagement with professional military education at various war colleges and three in-depth case studies of significant strategic reversals by the United States, France, and former Czechoslovakia. It examines President Ronald Reagan's decision to withdraw U.S. Marines from Lebanon in 1984, Fran癟ois Mitterrand's reversal of his original plan for the French exit from the European Monetary System in 1983, and V獺clav Havel's strategic pivot towards NATO membership for Czechoslovakia in 1991. After introducing a novel process-oriented model of strategic decision-making that highlights the positive effect of friction on strategy adaptation, the author uses process tracing to analyse factors at the individual, domestic, and international levels that enabled and triggered these strategic U-turns. The research draws on declassified and previously unavailable documents, as well as interviews with key figures involved in these strategic decisions, providing unique insights into the complexities of strategic decision-making and the process of strategy adaptation. The book compels readers to see strategy as a dynamic process, continuously evolving in response to changing circumstances, rather than as a fixed plan. In doing so, Strategy Dynamics fills a critical gap in the literature by focusing on the processes that drive strategy adaptation. It offers a comprehensive study of the conditions that contribute to open societies' ability to adapt their strategies more effectively, and it will serve as a reference for anyone dealing with strategy adaptation.
Proxy Wars from a Global Perspective
Proxy warfare is a growing international phenomenon. Although states have used proxies in armed conflicts for centuries, evolving regional and global security architecture is now forcing states to radically change the way contemporary conflicts are fought. Based on ten case studies, this reassesses exactly how these changing global and systemic factors are shaping the ways in which states use non-state actors as proxies in their armed conflicts. Examining the use of proxy warfare worldwide, focusing on the last decade's conflicts, this volume brings together contributions from scholars of international relations and global security studies in order to explore cases of armed conflict of particular regional and global significance. These include recent developments in the conflict in Israel and Palestine, the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Central Asia, Syria, Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Brazil and Yemen. By drawing on both theory and practise, it offers a re-evaluation of contemporary understanding of "outsourced warfare", with policy implications for how we understand and negotiate with states using proxy warfare in the future.
Democracy for a Sustainable World
The path to global sustainable development is participatory democratic global governance - the only truly effective path to confronting pandemics, military conflict, climate change, biodiversity loss, and potential overall ecological collapse. Democracy for a Sustainable World explains why global democracy and global sustainable development must be achieved and why they can only be achieved jointly. It recounts the obstacles to participatory democratic global governance and describes how they can be overcome through a combination of right representation and sortition, starting with linking and scaling innovative local and regional sustainability experiments worldwide. Beginning with a visit to the birthplace of democracy in ancient Athens, a hillside called the Pnyx, James Bacchus explores how the Athenians practiced democratic participation millennia ago. He draws on the successes and shortfalls of Athenian democracy to offer specific proposals for meeting today's challenges by constructing participatory democratic global governance for full human flourishing in a sustainable world.
Blitzkrieg and the Russian Art of War
A cutting-edge investigation of how Russia makes war. Russian strategy in the twenty-first century has been described in terms of 'hybrid' warfare, an approach characterised by measures short of war, such as cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns. But as the invasion of Ukraine has brutally demonstrated, conventional armed violence remains a key element of Russian power. In Blitzkrieg and the Russian art of war, Andrew Monaghan offers a high-level view of Russian thinking about warfare. Drawing on extensive Russian sources, he addresses important questions that have been overlooked by most Western commentators: what is the military leadership's distinctive idea of twenty-first-century blitzkrieg? How does it understand holistic territorial defence? How does it manage the shifting balance between offence and defence? Introducing key concepts from Russian military thinking, Blitzkrieg and the Russian art of war is a crucial resource for understanding Russia's resurgent role on the global stage and the devastating threat the country poses to the international order.
Democracy for a Sustainable World
The path to global sustainable development is participatory democratic global governance - the only truly effective path to confronting pandemics, military conflict, climate change, biodiversity loss, and potential overall ecological collapse. Democracy for a Sustainable World explains why global democracy and global sustainable development must be achieved and why they can only be achieved jointly. It recounts the obstacles to participatory democratic global governance and describes how they can be overcome through a combination of right representation and sortition, starting with linking and scaling innovative local and regional sustainability experiments worldwide. Beginning with a visit to the birthplace of democracy in ancient Athens, a hillside called the Pnyx, James Bacchus explores how the Athenians practiced democratic participation millennia ago. He draws on the successes and shortfalls of Athenian democracy to offer specific proposals for meeting today's challenges by constructing participatory democratic global governance for full human flourishing in a sustainable world.
The Upside of US-Chinese Strategic Competition
US-Chinese strategic competition is a defining factor in world politics. The prevailing narrative on US-China relations predicts inevitable conflicts between these two giants, potentially leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy. While fully acknowledging the inherent dangers of potential wars or military conflicts between the two powers, this book shows that competition is not necessarily detrimental. By systematically examining US-China institutional balancing across security, economic and political domains, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, this book highlights three positive externalities or unintended consequences: the revitalisation of regional institutions to address emerging challenges, unexpected collaborations between great powers (the US and China) and regional actors, and the provision of public goods by both nations. The book argues that constructive and institutionalised competition between the US and China, if managed with strategic foresight and restraint, could inadvertently lead to positive outcomes - institutional peace - in the Asia-Pacific region.
Cosmopolitan Imaginaries and International Disorder
While the idea of a cosmopolitan order embracing all humankind is ancient, after the Cold War it was widely believed to be an emerging future. As global interdependence and interaction through new technologies increased, literature of cosmopolitan globalization argued that these changes were setting the stage for a structural transformation of world politics. Yet, a revolt against globalism and increasingly divisive and unstable international order has dramatically contradicted this idea. This presents a puzzle for International Relations theory: Why have attempts to construct cosmopolitan order struggled to emerge in the modern global world? Cosmopolitan Imaginaries and International Disorder argues that advocacy for cosmopolitan order reform in the modern world has struggled to recognize the political identities of states and populations and to legitimize its proposed political hierarchies. As a result, these efforts have been overwhelmed by states shoring up their power and remobilizing exclusionary nationalist identities, especially when struggles are intensified in contexts of international instability and economic turmoil. In developing a theory to explain these patterns of cosmopolitan politics, this book offers insight into the limits and role of cosmopolitanism in a dividing international order after liberal globalism.
Accountability After Economic Crisis
Accountability after Economic Crisis reconstructs the captivating story of how different nations responded to the 2008 economic crisis, one of the most challenging economic downturns in modern history. The book focuses on puzzling cross-country variations in policies of accountability. Why did some countries look for explanations of the economic failure and seek to hold those responsible to account, while others looked the other way? And among those countries looking for the truth, were some more successful than others? If so, were certain methods more effective than others? Is there, in fact, a best way? Iosif Kovras introduces an innovative framework to explain the varied political responses to an economic crisis, pushing the boundaries of traditional analysis by drawing on political economy, comparative politics, public administration, economic history, criminal law, and criminology. To test this framework, he draws on five post-2008 case studies, Ireland, Iceland, Greece, and Cyprus, and adds the experience of the United States in the Great Depression to refine the framework. He identifies three distinct accountability mechanisms used by leaders: retribution - prosecuting those at fault; truth recovery - establishing commissions of inquiry to reveal the facts; official acknowledgment - issuing formal apologies. Zeroing in on each country in turn, he shows how these mechanisms were employed and with what effect. Featuring original observations from a survey in Iceland and experimental data from a conjoint experiment, Accountability after Economic Crisis provides a thorough and engaging examination of how countries manage accountability in the wake of an economic crisis.
Intellectuals and the Crisis of Politics in the Interwar Period and Beyond
This volume offers a broad-ranging and comprehensive analysis of the history and theory of the political idea of 'crisis', from the interwar period through to the present day. It considers how the multiple crises of civilization, capitalism, social cohesion, liberalism, democracy, socialism, and the nation-state were conceptualized; how these spheres of crisis became entangled; and who the intellectuals, politicians and experts were who employed these discourses. Intellectuals and the Crisis of Politics in the Interwar Period and Beyond maps the range of meanings the term 'crisis' has borne and the roles it has performed across disciplines and countries, de-centering the dominant narrative that takes Western European positions and developments as normative. It especially focuses on the historical roots of two key contemporary contesters of liberal democracy: neoliberalism and populism, and presents an innovative analysis of the roots of contemporary illiberalism in Europe. Bringing these ideas into the present day, Bal獺zs Trencs矇nyi offers ideas on how a reflective and self-critical liberal democratic political position could be defined and defended in our current predicament, which is increasingly compared to the interwar period and is often described as a "polycrisis".
State Capture in the Militarized Fight Against Illegal Small-Scale Goldmining in Ghana
The Gamer's Guide to International Relations
Ready Player One meets Foreign Affairs-everything your students need to know about international relations through the lens of video games!The Gamer's Guide to International Relations uses massively popular video games as a stepping stone to learning about international relations. The study of international relations concerns itself with critical topics like war, civil war, terrorism, human rights, trade, monetary policy, and the environment. Each of these areas of human need, crisis, and response can be difficult to understand. However, gamers already implicitly understand the international world through the games they play. Drawing upon lessons gamers learn through gameplay, this volume guides readers as to how their existing knowledge can help untangle some of the most complicated topics facing humanity. The book progresses by introducing readers to how scholars use the scientific method in international relations. Readers will encounter pivotal international relations theories that explain why war occurs, like realism, liberalism, and constructivism, as well as understanding concepts like the bargaining model of war. The book discusses how we learn about international politics and guides the reader through how we can research world politics and gaming. Finally, the book focuses on key interest areas like international political economy, human rights, the environment, and civil war.
Urbicide in Syria
This book provides an exhaustive analysis of the relationship between violence, urban space, and political subjectivity in Syria. It does so through an exploration of how urbicide, the violent destruction and alteration of the urban fabric, becomes a tool for the regime's governmental and sovereign exercise of power, decisively redefining state-society dynamics and cementing political loyalty in Syria. Adopting a critical and postcolonial perspective, and through the cases of Damascus and Aleppo, the volume presents a unique perspective on the civil war by examining socio-material changes in everyday political spaces and processes, from mundane destruction to urban development and reconstruction efforts, and how these are experienced by local communities. Featuring rich data collection through interviews, archival research, and aesthetic sources, the book ultimately foregrounds Syrians' political agency and creativity despite ruination.
The European Commission's Toleration of Noncompliance with EU Law
EU law is widely recognized as the backbone of European integration. As 'the Guardian of the Treaties', the European Commission is expected to enforce EU law relentlessly and meticulously. Noncompliance by Member States, however, is not always prosecuted by the supranational guardian; instead, supranational enforcement by the Commission is known to be selective and strategic. In this book, Yaning Zhang argues that such forbearance is driven by divergent enforcement rationales. He assumes that the Commission, when enforcing EU law, is a hybrid institution of a political agent and a judicial trustee. The enforcement incentives of the Commission are to advance its legislative and political agenda and to safeguard the stability of the EU legal order, respectively. When these two incentives interact, it leads to four ideal types of toleration of noncompliance with EU Law by the Commission. Guided by the proposed typology, the book traces four cases of enforcement leniency concerning restrictive measures against pharmaceutical parallel trade, opaque defence procurement, degrading practices towards irregular migrants, and discriminatory regulation over car tolls. These cases demonstrate that the Commission's strategic enforcement is not driven by a singular or merely egocentric logic but by different configurations of divergent enforcement incentives. Naturally, the normative quality of individual types of forbearance is also rather diverse. With its novel typology and in-depth empirical evidence, The European Commission's Toleration of Noncompliance with EU Law offers a new way of understanding the complex interplay between law and politics in the EU.
Substantive Minority Representation in Parliament
This book explores why members of parliament (MPs) substantively represent minorities with invisible characteristics--those lacking outwardly recognizable features. This invisibility complicates the representational relationship, as minority members often do not publicly self-identify, leaving MPs unaware of their electorate's composition and citizens uninformed about MPs' affiliations. Studies on those minorities yield mixed results on the importance of minority membership for MPs' legislative behaviour. Analysing sexual minorities' representation, this work attempts to provide a clearer picture. Moreover, it looks at political values and awareness as additional explanatory factors. Both parts, a quantitative analysis of parliamentary questions and a comparative case study of legislative processes regarding same-sex marriage, reveal that minority membership significantly affects individual and macro-level substantive representation, with political values and awareness being at play, too. Overall, this book adds conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights to research on representation, legislative studies, and comparative politics in general. Thereby, this study provides important clues on how the integration of minority interests in liberal democracies can succeed.
Palestinians in Israel After the Arab Spring
The Arab Spring initially ignited excitement for Arab society in Israel. But following the outbreak of the uprising in Syria, Israeli-Arab attitudes shifted. This book demonstrates why the Arab Spring, and especially the war in Syria, provoked such deep fragmentation for Palestinians in Israel. Based on governmental and public surveys, the book shows that many more Arab-Palestinian citizens became supportive of instrumental integration with Israeli politics following the Arab Spring. But the momentous events convinced other Arab citizens to abandon the connection between finding a solution for the Palestinian problem if it involved integration with the state. At the same time, this book reveals that the younger generations wanted to search for alternatives to replace the existing political frameworks completely and were inspired to form a new model of political activism. This is the first study to explore how the Arab Spring affected Arab society in Israel in terms of identity, political discourse and behaviour. In doing so it covers the new policy adopted by the central government in Israel, formed after 2011 to strengthen civic discourse amongst Arab citizens. It has been neither Israelization nor Zionization; but Instrumental integration which meets the conditional citizenship offered by the state.
Varieties of Power
The introduction of gender quotas has significantly increased women's representation in national legislatures--not only in democracies but also in many autocracies. To what extent has the growing number of women in authoritarian legislatures granted them more power and influence? What conditions help or hinder women's political participation under autocratic regimes? And what does the role of women tell us about the politics of authoritarianism today? Drawing on a decade of fieldwork and a vast data set collected across the Middle East and North Africa, Marwa Shalaby develops a new theory of women's political representation in authoritarian regimes. She examines the dynamics of women's political inclusion in three Arab monarchies, Morocco, Jordan, and Kuwait, with varying levels of quota implementation and where the strength and capacity of political parties differ widely. Shalaby demonstrates that the degree to which individual parties have been institutionalized plays a significant role in women's legislative behavior and political power. Parties play integral roles in recruiting, cultivating, supporting, and elevating female candidates in contexts where women have been excluded from existing networks of power, in nondemocratic systems as well as democracies. Although the introduction of quota systems has expanded women's numerical presence, the absence of institutionalized parties has limited their ability to gain influence. Nuanced and incisive, Varieties of Power offers grounded, comparative insights into the study of gender and politics, political representation, and authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa.
Europe’s World
The EU's international environment is increasingly characterized by power politics, great-power rivalry, ideological contestation and war. This has challenged the liberal-internationalist identity that has been at the heart of the EU since its birth. This book examines how the EU has responded to these new realities. It analyses the introduction of a flurry of concepts including European sovereignty, strategic autonomy, civilization, responsibility and strategic compass, and asks whether these signal a reconsideration of foreign policy objectives, a new strategic orientation or possibly a paradigm shift. The book develops a theoretical framework on policy paradigms, worldviews, grand strategy, strategic narratives and the drivers of institutional change followed by chapters on the anti-liberal challenge, the evolution of the EU framework of ideas, the search for grand strategy and strategic autonomy, the response to Russian aggression and imperial thinking, and continuity and change in EU unity, working groups, green leadership and strategic communication.
The British Civil Service
Taking account of its evolution in recent decades, this book provides an up-to-date account of the role of the Civil Service in the UK. The book offers a much-needed re-examination of the function and role of the Civil Service and considers the ways in which it has changed in response to today's pressures. It examines the changing relationships between ministers, civil servants and special advisers (spADs), as well as investigating challenges to the principles of the Civil Service such as service outsourcing, COVID-19 responses and Brexit. Asking whether the practices of the past are effective for the future, this book is a vital resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of UK politics, public administration and public sector management.
The Upside of Us-Chinese Strategic Competition
US-Chinese strategic competition is a defining factor in world politics. The prevailing narrative on US-China relations predicts inevitable conflicts between these two giants, potentially leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy. While fully acknowledging the inherent dangers of potential wars or military conflicts between the two powers, this book shows that competition is not necessarily detrimental. By systematically examining US-China institutional balancing across security, economic and political domains, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, this book highlights three positive externalities or unintended consequences: the revitalisation of regional institutions to address emerging challenges, unexpected collaborations between great powers (the US and China) and regional actors, and the provision of public goods by both nations. The book argues that constructive and institutionalised competition between the US and China, if managed with strategic foresight and restraint, could inadvertently lead to positive outcomes - institutional peace - in the Asia-Pacific region.
The British Civil Service
Taking account of its evolution in recent decades, this book provides an up-to-date account of the role of the Civil Service in the UK. The book offers a much-needed re-examination of the function and role of the Civil Service and considers the ways in which it has changed in response to today's pressures. It examines the changing relationships between ministers, civil servants and special advisers (spADs), as well as investigating challenges to the principles of the Civil Service such as service outsourcing, COVID-19 responses and Brexit. Asking whether the practices of the past are effective for the future, this book is a vital resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of UK politics, public administration and public sector management.
Geopolitics in Central Europe
The geopolitical landscape of Central Europe has undergone considerable transformation in the last two decades. While the pre-Global Financial Crisis period saw a focus on strengthening ties with Western Europe and the USA, the post-crisis period has seen reorientation towards Asia, in particular China. This book charts these changes in geopolitical dominance in the region, covering the economic influence of China, the increasingly assertive diplomatic involvement of Russia and increased US interest in the region under the Biden administration. The book also seeks to explain why the countries of Central Europe are realigning their geopolitical alliances towards the great powers as confidence in the European project and its economic benefits has waned, and what opportunities this realignment could hold.
Oil and Gas Waste Governance
In this book, the editors explore unconventional oil and gas production, earthquakes, and how they relate to the broader conversation centering on private property, energy production and the role of science within the public policy process. Utilizing a unique national-level dataset, the book tests a new model of event-driven policy change.
Girls, Power and International Development
The United Nations Foundation's Girl Up campaign has been critiqued for depoliticising global and gender inequalities, portraying girls from the Global South as responsible for lifting entire communities out of poverty and encouraging girls in the Global North to see themselves as the saviours of their Southern counterparts. Drawing on focus groups with Girl Up members from the UK, US and Malawi, this book demonstrates how girls reflect critically on the Girl Up discourse, reject its individualistic vision of girls' empowerment and interact with their Northern/Southern counterparts in a spirit of mutual learning and respect. Its analysis demonstrates how the girls use participation in the campaign to develop their own more complex, radical and collective visions of girls' empowerment.
Decoding the Chessboard of Asian Geopolitics
The edited volume titled "Decoding the Chessboard of Asian Geopolitics: Asian Powerplay in South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia" offers a distinctive examination of the power rivalries within the Asian region. It highlights the significant influence of extra-regional powers on South Asia's political, economic, foreign policy, and security landscapes. This volume also delves into the intricate power dynamics in Central Asia and West Asia. In light of recent global transformations, Asia emerges as a formidable entity that not only confronts the challenges of uncertainty but also plays a pivotal role in shaping contemporary geopolitics. Comprising 22 chapters, this volume provides a critical analysis of both internal and external factors influencing Asian Powerplay. It emphasizes the significance of the Indo-Pacific region, the Non-Alignment Movement, and the concept of multipolarity. Furthermore, it addresses various issues from traditional security to human security across four distinct sectors.The scholars of International Relations, Defence Studies, Political Science, Strategic Studies, Journalism, Peace and conflict Studies, etc., will be benifited by this volume across the globe. This book is part of a two-volume set and the other volume in this set delves into the geopolitical dynamics and power relations in East and Southeast Asia and the Global North.
Ecocide in Ukraine
Russia's war on Ukraine has not only destroyed millions of human lives, it has also been catastrophic for the environment. Forests and fields have been burned to the ground, animal and plant species pushed to the brink of extinction, soil and water contaminated with oil products, debris, and mines. On a single day in June 2023, the breached Kakhovka Dam flooded thousands of kilometres of protected natural habitat, as well as villages, towns, and agricultural land. The devastation of biodiversity and ecosystems across Ukraine has been immeasurable, long-lasting and its consequences stretch beyond national borders. In this poignant book, Ukrainian researcher Darya Tsymbalyuk offers an intimate portrait of her beloved homeland against the backdrop of Russia's war and ecocide. In elegant and moving prose, she describes the damage to the country's rivers, the grasslands of the steppes, animals, insects, and colonies of birds, as a result of Russia's ground and air operations. Alongside the everyday experiences of people in Ukraine living with the environmental consequences of the war, we share Tsymbalyuk's own reckoning with the changing nature of cherished places and the loss of familiar worlds caused by the ongoing Russian invasion.
Treasury Board Secretariat - An Annotated. History
This is a historical recounting of a senior Canadian federal institution that is responsible for presenting the Government's expenditure plan to Parliament to get its authority to spend on the whole range of programs and services, each and every year. It is the story about an organization that dealt with the thousands of details of administration of the largest employer in Canada, a wide range of operations with the biggest budget in the country, and that part of the federal government charged with looking across and into every corner of the expenditures of those operations - from sea to sea to sea. Treasury Board Secretariat is the government budgetary controller, manager and employer.
The Epp's Way to Number 1
In 1999, the European People's Party (EPP) emerged as the largest political group in the European Parliament, maintaining its dominance for more than 25 years and influencing the direction of the EU through five consecutive Presidencies of the European Commission. In this Open Access book, the EPP's official think-tank, the Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, presents memories from Prime Ministers, Presidents of EU institutions, Party Presidents and EPP officials. The book traces the pivotal moments in EU politics, from the EPP's expansion to include conservative, liberal, and like-minded parties, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, to the actual management of the new enlarged party. This book sheds light on the EPP's evolution, successes, and controversies through firsthand accounts, offering a comprehensive view of its impact on the European Union over the past quarter-century.
Ecocide in Ukraine
Russia's war on Ukraine has not only destroyed millions of human lives, it has also been catastrophic for the environment. Forests and fields have been burned to the ground, animal and plant species pushed to the brink of extinction, soil and water contaminated with oil products, debris, and mines. On a single day in June 2023, the breached Kakhovka Dam flooded thousands of kilometres of protected natural habitat, as well as villages, towns, and agricultural land. The devastation of biodiversity and ecosystems across Ukraine has been immeasurable, long-lasting and its consequences stretch beyond national borders. In this poignant book, Ukrainian researcher Darya Tsymbalyuk offers an intimate portrait of her beloved homeland against the backdrop of Russia's war and ecocide. In elegant and moving prose, she describes the damage to the country's rivers, the grasslands of the steppes, animals, insects, and colonies of birds, as a result of Russia's ground and air operations. Alongside the everyday experiences of people in Ukraine living with the environmental consequences of the war, we share Tsymbalyuk's own reckoning with the changing nature of cherished places and the loss of familiar worlds caused by the ongoing Russian invasion.
