Wavefronts and Rays as Characteristics and Asymptotics (Third Edition)
Characteristics and asymptotics of partial differential equations play an important role in mathematical physics since they lead to insightful solutions of complex problems that might not be solvable otherwise. They constitute, however, a difficult subject, and the purpose of this book, with its additions and refinements that led to its third edition, is to present this subject in an accessible manner, without decreasing the rigor. As any method, characteristics and asymptotics have their limitations. This important issue is addressed in the last chapter, where we discuss caustics, which must be understood in applications of the method, and which constitute a fertile ground for further mathematical research.The book is both a research reference and a textbook. Its careful and explanatory style, which includes numerous exercises with detailed solutions, makes it an excellent textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as for independent studies. Six appendices are provided, which form a self-contained course on applied mathematics and can be used as a textbook on its own.
Quantum Physics for Beginners
Is it Really Possible to make Laws of Attraction Work for you? Do you want to see the Applications of Quantum Physics in the real World and Universe?Then you'd better Keep reading...While physics does play a role in our lives, most of it involves things we don't think about. For example, physics helps to define how our world is put together on the molecular level. Understanding that enabled them to split atoms and use various waves to transmit information via data and sound.At the same time, it's interesting to look at how physics can be used to help us understand dimensions, even the ones that might not be easily found or seen. Various aspects of physics have been used in cosmology.This book covers the following topics: Before Quantum Physics: Light and Matter;Deep through the Theory of Relativity;Was Einstein correct about Entanglement ?Why Max Planck is considered the father of the Quantum Theory ?Are Dark Matter and Black Hole related ?The 18 biggest unsolved Mysteries in Physics;Exactly What Is Time ?How Space and Time Could Be a Quantum Error-Correcting Code ?The birth and foundations of Quantum Mechanics;Fundamental Principles and Laws .And Much More...This book unravels how Quantum Physics works to understand how dimensions, space, and time are together in our universe. It is a greater understanding of how our universe works that ultimately brings quantum physics or mechanics to us.But Quantum Physics also has a practical everyday effect on our lives, and for many, it used to reside on their wrist, but now is part of our smartphones. That's right, and those incredibly precise timepieces are the ones that rely on to keep not only our schedule but also to keep our technology running, have been based on Quantum Physics. So how does this area of study translate into our watches?Quantum Physics is just one part of the growth of technology and the accuracy of the measurement. Still, it is growing in the contributions it makes to our society.Want to know more ? Save your time, your search is over . Buy the Book Now !
Quantum Physics for Beginners
Is it Really Possible to make Laws of Attraction Work for you? Do you want to see the Applications of Quantum Physics in the real World and Universe?Then you'd better Keep reading...While physics does play a role in our lives, most of it involves things we don't think about. For example, physics helps to define how our world is put together on the molecular level. Understanding that enabled them to split atoms and use various waves to transmit information via data and sound.At the same time, it's interesting to look at how physics can be used to help us understand dimensions, even the ones that might not be easily found or seen. Various aspects of physics have been used in cosmology.This book covers the following topics: Before Quantum Physics: Light and Matter;Deep through the Theory of Relativity;Was Einstein correct about Entanglement ?Why Max Planck is considered the father of the Quantum Theory ?Are Dark Matter and Black Hole related ?The 18 biggest unsolved Mysteries in Physics;Exactly What Is Time ?How Space and Time Could Be a Quantum Error-Correcting Code ?The birth and foundations of Quantum Mechanics;Fundamental Principles and Laws .And Much More...This book unravels how Quantum Physics works to understand how dimensions, space, and time are together in our universe. It is a greater understanding of how our universe works that ultimately brings quantum physics or mechanics to us.But Quantum Physics also has a practical everyday effect on our lives, and for many, it used to reside on their wrist, but now is part of our smartphones. That's right, and those incredibly precise timepieces are the ones that rely on to keep not only our schedule but also to keep our technology running, have been based on Quantum Physics. So how does this area of study translate into our watches?Quantum Physics is just one part of the growth of technology and the accuracy of the measurement. Still, it is growing in the contributions it makes to our society.Want to know more ? Save your time, your search is over . Buy the Book Now !
Doppler-Effekt Und Rotverschiebung
Der Doppler-Effekt ist die Frequenz瓣nderung von Wellen bei einer Relativgeschwindigkeit von Sender und Empf瓣nger. So wird die Sirene einer Feuerwehr bei einer Vorbeifahrt deutlich tiefer. Der klassische Doppler-Effekt erlaubt es, den Bewegungszustand des Tr瓣germediums der Wellen zu bestimmen. F羹r Licht im Vakuum ist die relativistische Gangverz繹gerung einer bewegten Uhr zu ber羹cksichtigen. Die Frequenzverschiebung h瓣ngt dann nur von der Relativgeschwindigkeit ab. Es gibt keinen Bewegungszustand des Vakuums. Der Leser wird in die Lichtausbreitung in Gravitationsfeldern eingef羹hrt. Die Autoren demonstrieren, dass Licht von kompakten Quellen eine gravitative Rotverschiebung erf瓣hrt und dass um Schwarze L繹cher eine unendliche Rotverschiebung zu beobachten ist. Der Leser erf瓣hrt, warum im Kosmos zus瓣tzlich eine kosmologische Rotverschiebung auftritt.
Principles of Mechanics
This open access textbook takes the reader step-by-step through the concepts of mechanics in a clear and detailed manner. Mechanics is considered to be the core of physics, where a deep understanding of the concepts is essential in understanding all branches of physics. Many proofs and examples are included to help the reader grasp the fundamentals fully, paving the way to deal with more advanced topics. After solving all of the examples, the reader will have gained a solid foundation in mechanics and the skills to apply the concepts in a variety of situations. The book is useful for undergraduate students majoring in physics and other science and engineering disciplines. It can also be used as a reference for more advanced levels. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Principles of Mechanics
This open access textbook takes the reader step-by-step through the concepts of mechanics in a clear and detailed manner. Mechanics is considered to be the core of physics, where a deep understanding of the concepts is essential in understanding all branches of physics. Many proofs and examples are included to help the reader grasp the fundamentals fully, paving the way to deal with more advanced topics. After solving all of the examples, the reader will have gained a solid foundation in mechanics and the skills to apply the concepts in a variety of situations. The book is useful for undergraduate students majoring in physics and other science and engineering disciplines. It can also be used as a reference for more advanced levels. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Elastic Modulus and Structure Changes in TiNi during SME and RSME
The direct (SME) and thereversible (RSME) shape memory effectsare governed by structural changes caused by previous plastic deformation of alloys that undergo reversible martensitic transformations (RMT). This paper place high emphasis onthe effect ofprior plastic deformation by tension onthe structure, electrical resistivity, dynamic elasticmodulus E along with SME/RSME and critical temperatures of RMT, using TiNi alloy with initial martensitic structure B19.The results show that in the critical RMT interval, during heating or cooling, E goes through minimum value, indicating the loss of elastic stiffness of the original phase.Systematic studies allowed authors to develop the original ideas on the processes that accompany the accumulation and recovery of reversible deformation in SME/RSME realization
Finite Elements in Structural Analysis
The book introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method in the static and dynamic analysis of beam, plate, shell and solid structures, discussing how the method works, the characteristics of a finite element approximation and how to avoid the pitfalls of finite element modeling. Presenting the finite element theory as simply as possible, the book allows readers to gain the knowledge required when applying powerful FEA software tools. Further, it describes modeling procedures, especially for reinforced concrete structures, as well as structural dynamics methods, with a particular focus on the seismic analysis of buildings, and explores the modeling of dynamic systems. Featuring numerous illustrative examples, the book allows readers to easily grasp the fundamentals of the finite element theory and to apply the finite element method proficiently.
Introduction to Mechanics of Particles and Systems
This book is based on the author's lecture notes for his Introductory Newtonian Mechanics course at the Hellenic Naval Academy. In order to familiarize students with the use of several basic mathematical tools, such as vectors, differential operators and differential equations, it first presents the elements of vector analysis that are needed in the subsequent chapters. Further, the Mathematical Supplement at the end of the book offers a brief introduction to the concepts of differential calculus mentioned. The main text is divided into three parts, the first of which presents the mechanics of a single particle from both the kinetic and the dynamical perspectives. The second part then focuses on the mechanics of more complex structures, such as systems of particles, rigid bodies and ideal fluids, while the third part consists of 60 fully solved problems. Though chiefly intended as a primary text for freshman-level physics courses, the book can also be used as a supplemental (tutorial) resource for introductory courses on classical mechanics for physicists and engineers
The Design of A Manual Well Drinking Water Pump
The book entitled "The Design of A Manual Well Drinking Water Pump" is intended for mechanical engineers, scientists and even high school students who practice in the field of science. The project involves the design of a manual water pump for drinking water wells that can be used with a generator. The design was made according to modern standards with explicit drawings and considerations of the movements on a lever arm that works in a clockwise downward movement to force clean drinking water from a well-protected tank that has been well treated with disinfectants to prevent infections such as cholera and dysentery. Careful and well-thought-out calculations have been applied with regard to design and each intelligent and balanced judgment has been used to ensure that the calculations ensure the efficient operation of the pump. The generator application allows an operation with less labor and less time, although its applications still need to be investigated. While meeting global standards and achievable application, a true water pump with steel rods acting as a capillary and water reservoir, would have an environmental cost of 瞿 1,000.00.
The Isogeometric Boundary Element Method
Introduction.- The boundary integral equation.- Basis functions, B-splines.- Description of the geometry.- Getting geometry information from CAD programs.- Numerical treatment of integral equations.- Numerical integration.- Steady state potential problems.- Static linear solid mechanics.- Body force effects.- Treatment of inhomogeneities/inclusions.- Material non-linear behaviour.- Applications in geomechanics.- Viscous flow problems.- Time dependent problems.- Summary and outlook.- Appendix A: Fundamental solutions.
Advanced Thermal Stress Analysis of Smart Materials and Structures
This is the first single volume monograph that systematically summarizes the recent progress in using non-Fourier heat conduction theories to deal with the multiphysical behaviour of smart materials and structures. The book contains six chapters and starts with a brief introduction to Fourier and non-Fourier heat conduction theories. Non-Fourier heat conduction theories include Cattaneo-Vernotte, dual-phase-lag (DPL), three-phase-lag (TPL), fractional phase-lag, and nonlocal phase-lag heat theories. Then, the fundamentals of thermal wave characteristics are introduced through reviewing the methods for solving non-Fourier heat conduction theories and by presenting transient heat transport in representative homogeneous and advanced heterogeneous materials. The book provides the fundamentals of smart materials and structures, including the background, application, and governing equations. In particular, functionally-graded smart structures made of piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, and magnetoelectroelastic materials are introduced as they represent the recent development in the industry.A series of uncoupled thermal stress analyses on one-dimensional structures are also included. The volume ends with coupled thermal stress analyses of one-dimensional homogenous and heterogeneous smart piezoelectric structures considering different coupled thermopiezoelectric theories. Last but not least, fracture behavior of smart structures under thermal disturbance is investigated and the authors propose directions for future research on the topic of multiphysical analysis of smart materials.
A Study of Acoustic Modes as a Source of Airframe Cavity Noise
Under certain conditions, flow excited cavities can generate large pressure fluctuations, undesirable noise and significant structural loads. This project is an experimental study of noise emissions of a cylindrical Helmholtz resonance with a high H/D ratio. These harmful sounds are becoming more and more of a concern in societies because they impact the value of the residential areas surrounding the airports and the health of their inhabitants. This master thesis provide a better understanding of acoustic modes and Helmholtz resonance and how they react when confronted to attenuation technics such as a mesh, a foam and a honeycomb liner.
Simplified and Highly Stable Lattice Boltzmann Method: Theory and Applications
This unique professional volume is about the recent advances in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). It introduces a new methodology, namely the simplified and highly stable lattice Boltzmann method (SHSLBM), for constructing numerical schemes within the lattice Boltzmann framework. Through rigorous mathematical derivations and abundant numerical validations, the SHSLBM is found to outperform the conventional LBM in terms of memory cost, boundary treatment and numerical stability.This must-have title provides every necessary detail of the SHSLBM and sample codes for implementation. It is a useful handbook for scholars, researchers, professionals and students who are keen to learn, employ and further develop this novel numerical method.
Structural Integrity Assessment of Engineering Components Under Cyclic Contact
This book focuses on surface layers fracture of cyclical contacting bodies (machine parts). Calculation models and calculating procedures of stress-strain states of cyclically contacting solids with cracks, are included. Recommendations for the optimization of operating parameters of joints (contact stresses magnitude, friction/lubrication conditions, materials crack resistance etc) for elements of rolling pairs (wheel-rail systems, backup roll - working roll of rolling mills etc.) and some fretting pairs are formulated.
Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems
This open access book gathers authoritative contributions concerning multiscale problems in biomechanics, geomechanics, materials science and tribology. It is written in memory of Sergey Grigorievich Psakhie to feature various aspects of his multifaceted research interests, ranging from theoretical physics, computer modeling of materials and material characterization at the atomic scale, to applications in space industry, medicine and geotectonics, and including organizational, psychological and philosophical aspects of scientific research and teaching as well. This book covers new advances relating to orthopedic implants, concerning the physiological, tribological and materials aspects of their behavior; medical and geological applications of permeable fluid-saturated materials; earthquake dynamics together with aspects relating to their managed and gentle release; lubrication, wear and material transfer in natural and artificial joints; material research in manufacturing processes; hard-soft matter interaction, including adhesive and capillary effects; using nanostructures for influencing living cells and for cancer treatment; manufacturing of surfaces with desired properties; self-organization of hierarchical structures during plastic deformation and thermal treatment; mechanics of composites and coatings; and many more. Covering established knowledge as well as new models and methods, this book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the field, yet also with extensive details on each single topic.
Multidimensional Periodic Schr繹dinger Operator
This book describes the direct and inverse problems of the multidimensional Schr繹dinger operator with a periodic potential, a topic that is especially important in perturbation theory, constructive determination of spectral invariants and finding the periodic potential from the given Bloch eigenvalues. It provides a detailed derivation of the asymptotic formulas for Bloch eigenvalues and Bloch functions in arbitrary dimensions while constructing and estimating the measure of the iso-energetic surfaces in the high-energy regime. Moreover, it presents a unique method proving the validity of the Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for arbitrary dimensions and arbitrary lattices. Using the perturbation theory constructed, it determines the spectral invariants of the multidimensional operator from the given Bloch eigenvalues. Some of these invariants are explicitly expressed by the Fourier coefficients of the potential, making it possible to determine the potential constructively using Bloch eigenvalues as input data. Lastly, the book presents an algorithm for the unique determination of the potential. This updated second edition includes an additional chapter that specifically focuses on lower-dimensional cases, providing the basis for the higher-dimensional considerations of the chapters that follow.
The Discovery of Radium and Radio Active Substances
"It is my earnest desire that some of you shall carry on this scientific work and will keep for your ambition the determination to make a permanent contribution to science. M. Curie"
Classical Mechanics
Classical Mechanics: A professor-student collaboration is a textbook tailored for undergraduate physics students embarking on a first-year module in Newtonian mechanics. This book is a collaboration between Mario Campanelli and students that attended his course in classical mechanics at University College London, based on the course lecture notes with the aim of making the subject accessible to all students.
Advances in Mechanics of High-Temperature Materials
This book presents a collection of contributions on advanced approaches to the mechanics of materials and mechanics of structures for high-temperature applications, such as power plant components, engines and turbochargers. The contributions highlight advanced constitutive models for high-temperature materials, as well as new approaches to the efficient modeling and analysis of engineering structures operating in high-temperature environments.
Advanced Structural Safety StudiesWith Extreme Conditions and Accidents
This book describes principles, industry practices and evolutionary methodologies for advanced safety studies, which are helpful in effectively managing volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments within the framework of quantitative risk assessment and management and associated with the safety and resilience of structures and infrastructures with tolerance against various types of extreme conditions and accidents such as fires, explosions, collisions and grounding. It presents advanced computational models for characterizing structural actions and their effects in extreme and accidental conditions, which are highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian in association with multiple physical processes, multiple scales, and multiple criteria. Probabilistic scenario selection practices and applications are presented. Engineering practices for structural crashworthiness analysis in extreme conditions and accidents are described. Multidisciplinary approaches involving advanced computational models and large-scale physical model testing are emphasized. The book will be useful to students at a post-graduate level as well as researchers and practicing engineers.
Modeling High Temperature Materials Behavior for Structural AnalysisPart II. Solution Procedures and Structural Analysis Examples
This second part of the work on creep modeling offers readers essential guidance on practical computational simulation and analysis. Drawing on constitutive equations for creep in structural materials under multi-axial stress states, it applies these equations, which are developed in detail in part 1 of the work, to a diverse range of examples.
Basic Concepts on Mechanics of Continuous Media (MMC)
Continuous Media Mechanics (CMM), as its title indicates, is based on a main hypothesis of continuity of matter, and is interested in the study of solid or fluid bodies undergoing sudden changes of shape at different scales.In a first part, we will deal with the mathematical reminders of tensor notations, then in the second and third parts, a direct application of the first part is presented, these are the two stress and strain tensors respectively. If the relationship is linear between the stress and strain tensor on a small scale, then we are talking about the elastic behaviour of materials and this is the subject of the fourth chapter (The theory of isotropic and anisotropic linear elasticity). After introducing the elastic law, an overview of the non-linear relationship in large scale deformation (theory of plasticity) is presented, which is the subject of the fifth and last chapter.This course has been written for students and pupils (bachelor, master and engineering cycle of the School), its objective is to present and simplify some of the mathematical and physical concepts observed when using the MMC.
Internal Combustion Engine
Internal Combustion Engine plays a very important role in present-day life. Looking into its importance in the present and future, all the universities in the world have included this as a compulsory subject for UG and PG studies. It has been taught in India in all universities for the last three decades, but, unfortunately, there are very few books on the subject from Indian authors, which have wide coverage of the subject including recent advances. This book will serve the long-felt needs of the students. The primary aim of this book is to provide analytical methods, which lead to the basic understanding of engine behavior from the basic principles.Salient features: -Presents subject matter in a very systematic and easy-to-understand manner.-Helps the beginner to build up the concept and amplify their understanding of concepts using basic-knowledge.-Each chapter is saturated with much needed text supported by neat and self-explanatory diagrams.-Rich pedagogy of: a. 280 Solved Examples, which will help students to think better for the subject and enhance their confidence.b. 160 Numerical Questionsc. 270 Objective-type Questions
Ballast Railroad Design: Smart-Uow Approach
The rail network plays an essential role in transport infrastructure worldwide. A ballasted track is commonly used for several reasons, including economic considerations, load bearing capacity, rapid drainage and ease of maintenance. Given the ever-increasing demand for trains to carry heavier axle loads at greater speeds, traditional design and construction must undergo inevitable changes for sustainable performance. Ballast is an unbounded granular assembly that displaces when subjected to repeated train loading affecting track stability. During heavy haul operations, ballast progressively deteriorates and the infiltration of fluidized fines (mud pumping) from the underlying substructure and subgrade decreases its shear strength and also impedes drainage, while increasing track deformation and associated maintenance.Features: serves as a useful guide to assist the practitioner in new track design as well as remediating existing tracks.research discussed in this book has made considerable impact on the railway industry.resulting from collaborative research between academia and industry, incorporating sophisticated laboratory tests, computational modelling and field studies.This book presents a comprehensive procedure for the design of ballasted tracks based on a rational approach that combines extensive laboratory testing, computational modelling and field measurements conducted over the past two decades. Ballast Railroad Design: SMART-UOW Approach will not only become an imperative design aid for rail practitioners, but will also be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers alike in railway engineering.
Brief Solutions to the Big Problems in Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology second edition
In 1900, the British physicist Lord Kelvin declared "There is nothing new to discover in physics. All that remains is to more accurately measure its quantities" today, hardly anyone would dare say that our knowledge of the universe and everything in it is almost complete. There are still some deficiencies in the standard model of physics, such as the origin of mass, the strong CP problem, neutrino oscillations, matter-antimatter asymmetry and the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Another problem lies within the mathematical framework of the standard model itself. Some of the major problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomena or experimental result. The others are experimental meaning that there is difficulty in creating an experiment to test a proposed theory. In what follows, there is given a discussion of what are arguably the most unsolved problems in physics, astrophysics and cosmology. And this book sets to solve them living none untouched. The form of the discussion is not negative: formulating a problem succinctly is essential to a solution. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of what follows is that many of the problems are interrelated, so the solution of one or a few opens the prospect of widespread advancement.An excerpt from Lee Smolin's book "the trouble with physics" explains in detail what this book is all about as given below in Lee's original words. To be fair we've made two experimental discoveries in the past few decades, that neutrinos have mass and that the universe is dominated by a mysterious dark energy that seems to be accelerating its expansion. But we have no idea why neutrinos (or any other particles) have mass or what explains their mass values. As for dark energy, its not explained in terms of any existing theory. Its discovery cannot then be counted as a success, for it suggests that there is some major fact we are all missing. And except for dark energy, no new particle has been discovered, no new force found, no new phenomenon encountered that was not known and understood twenty-five years ago. Don't get me wrong. For the past 25years we have certainly been very busy. There has been enormous progress in applying established theories to diverse subjects; the properties of materials, the molecular physics underlying biology, the dynamics of vast clusters of stars. But when it comes to extending our knowledge of the laws of nature we have made no real head way. Many beautiful ideas have been explored, and there have been remarkable particle aaccelerator experiments and cosmological observations, but these have mainly served to confirm exisiting theory. There have been few leaps forward, and none as definitive or important as those of the previous 200years. When something like this happens in sports or business, it's called hitting the wall. What are the major unsolved problems in physics? And what can we do to solve them? These are the central questions of my book
Functional Methods in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics
Providing a systematic introduction to the techniques which are fundamental to quantum field theory, this book pays special attention to the use of these techniques in a wide variety of areas, including ordinary quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics in the second-quantized formulation, relativistic quantum field theory, Euclidean field theory, quantum statistics at finite temperature, and the classical statistics of nonideal gas and spin systems. The extended chapter on variational methods and functional Legendre transformations contains completely original material.
Mechanics of Rotor Spinning Machines
This book explores the mechanics of rotor spinning machines.It discusses the open-end spinning machine rotor's vibrations and bearings as well as the kinematics of the rotor's drive as individual drive or central drive, both as a reducing drive and multiplying drive. It examines explanations for the rotor's power requirements through different techniques such as Shirley institute (UK) and Zurich Federal Institute. It also covers power distribution inside the machine, different mechanisms of the machine, and air flow inside the spinning machine.
Example Problems for Continuum Mechanics of Solids
Example Problems for Continuum Mechanics of Solids is designed to allow students to learn by example. The target audience is beginning graduate students studying Solid Mechanics who are following a course of study based on the text book Continuum Mechanics of Solids by Anand and Govindjee. This companion book provides a collection of over 180 fully-developed solutions to a wide selection of problems in order to expose students to the essential methods for solving problems in continuum mechanics of solids.
When Gravity Breaks Down
This book takes you through the history of gravity, its success and failures along the way. From Newton's law of gravity, to Einstein's general relativity, to MOND, through Gravitons to Quantum gravity and string theory nearer to Emergent gravity untill when the Fifth force is presented and finally gravity is fixed.
Sheet Metal Meso- And Microforming and Their Industrial Applications
The book presents a compilation of research on meso/microforming processes, and offers systematic and holistic knowledge for the physical realization of developed processes. It discusses practical applications in fabrication of meso/microscale metallic sheet-metal parts via sheet-metal meso/microforming. In addition, the book provides extensive and informative illustrations, tables, case studies, photos and figures to convey knowledge of sheet-metal meso/microforming for fabrication of meso/microscale sheet-metal products in an illustrated manner.Key Features- Presents complete analysis and discussion of micro sheet metal forming processes- Guides reader across the mechanics, failures, prediction of failures and tooling and prospective applications- Discusses definitions of multi-scaled metal forming, sheet-metal meso/microforming and the challenges in such domains- Includes meso/micro-scaled sheet-metal parts design from a micro-manufacturability perspective, process determination, tooling design, product quality analysis, insurance and control- Covers industrial application and examples
Messunsicherheiten - Anwendungen
In diesem Buch wird die Auswertung von Messdaten mit ihren Unsicherheiten f羹r die Anwendung im Physikalischen Praktikum dargestellt. F羹r die wesentlichen Typen von Messaufgaben findet der Leser eine Zusammenstellung aller n繹tigen Formeln zur Bestimmung des Bestwertes und der kombinierten und erweiterten Messunsicherheit sowie praktische Hinweise f羹r die Ermittlung von Unsicherheiten nach Typ B (nichtstatistische Methode). Zahlreiche durchgerechnete Beispiele geben konkrete Anleitungen und demonstrieren, wie die Ergebnisse ins Praktikumsprotokoll eingehen und wie sie diskutiert werden. Das vorliegende Kompendium ist sowohl f羹r Studierende in einem Bachelor- oder Lehramtsstudiengang Physik als auch f羹r Studierende in natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studieng瓣ngen mit Nebenfach Physik geeignet.
Mechanik
Das vorliegende Lehrbuch gibt eine Einf羹hrung in die Theoretische Mechanik und richtet sich an Studierende der Physik, die diese Vorlesung besuchen. Als Erstes werden die grundlegenden Konzepte wie Massenpunkt, Bahnkurve und Bezugssystem sowie die Newtonschen Axiome eingef羹hrt. Im Fokus stehen der Lagrangeformalismus, Erhaltungsgr繹?en, das Hamiltonprinzip, das Noethertheorem und die wichtigsten Anwendungen (Bewegung im Zentralpotenzial, Dynamik des starren K繹rpers, harmonische Schwingungen). Der Hamiltonformalismus wird sp瓣ter f羹r die Quantenmechanik ben繹tigt. Das umfangreiche Gebiet der Kontinuumsmechanik wird anhand einiger exemplarischer Anwendungen (Saitenschwingung, Balkenbiegung, Schallwellen) vorgestellt. Die letzten 70 Seiten des Buchs sind der Speziellen Relativit瓣tstheorie gewidmet. Die St瓣rken dieses Buches liegen in seiner pr瓣gnanten und kompakten Darstellung des Vorlesungsstoffes, die immer verst瓣ndlich ist. Die Neuauflage wird durch eine klare und ausf羹hrlicheBesprechung der richtigen Relation zwischen der Newtonschen Kraft und der Minkowskikraft bereichert. Der Autor gibt die formale Ableitung der korrekten Relation wieder und diskutiert die praktische und logische Relevanz der unterschiedlichen Angaben in der Literatur.
Statistical mechanics, the theory of the properties of matter in equilibrium
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Conceptual Theories in Structural Dynamics
This book discusses the conceptual theory of structural dynamics, using simplified methods and clear, concise explanations. It illustrates all the hypotheses in a simple and effective way and describes in detail the derivation of all related formulations. Further, comprehensive step-by-step explanations combined with conceptual derivations, drawings and figures allow readers to grasp all the analytical formulations related to the dynamics of structures. Covering free and forced vibrations of single- and multi-degree of freedom systems represented as structure, subjected to dynamic load, the book also explores the most common types of dynamic loads applicable to structures, such as harmonic loads, impact loads and earthquakes, presenting relevant details, derivations and effective problems to explain the concept for various conditions. In addition, each chapter provides examples at different levels to help students, researchers and engineers gain a better understanding of the topics better, and includes numerous real-world problems to familiarize readers with the challenges related to structural engineering.
Sub-Structure Coupling for Dynamic Analysis
This book combines a model reduction technique with an efficient parametrization scheme for the purpose of solving a class of complex and computationally expensive simulation-based problems involving finite element models. These problems, which have a wide range of important applications in several engineering fields, include reliability analysis, structural dynamic simulation, sensitivity analysis, reliability-based design optimization, Bayesian model validation, uncertainty quantification and propagation, etc. The solution of this type of problems requires a large number of dynamic re-analyses. To cope with this difficulty, a model reduction technique known as substructure coupling for dynamic analysis is considered. While the use of reduced order models alleviates part of the computational effort, their repetitive generation during the simulation processes can be computational expensive due to the substantial computational overhead that arises at the substructure level. In this regard, an efficient finite element model parametrization scheme is considered. When the division of the structural model is guided by such a parametrization scheme, the generation of a small number of reduced order models is sufficient to run the large number of dynamic re-analyses. Thus, a drastic reduction in computational effort is achieved without compromising the accuracy of the results. The capabilities of the developed procedures are demonstrated in a number of simulation-based problems involving uncertainty.
Essential Classical Mechanics
'The authors deliver a highly readable text which should assure a continued supply of practitioners of classical mechanics and its applications.'Contemporary PhysicsThis is a book on intermediate classical mechanics. In this book, classical mechanics is presented as a useful tool to analyze the physical universe and also as the base on which the whole pyramid of modern physics has been erected. Various mechanical concepts are developed in a highly logical manner, with relatively thorough treatments on mathematical procedures and many physically interesting applications. Connections to more modern theoretical developments (including statistical physics, relativity, and quantum mechanics) are emphasized.
Structures et milieux acoustiques ? micro-ondes
La micro矇lectronique est un domaine qui englobe le transfert, le stockage et le traitement de l'information. La micro矇lectronique est donc la base technique de l'informatique. Elle englobe les mat矇riaux, les propri矇t矇s et les processus technologiques, gr璽ce auxquels une multitude de dispositifs et de principes de fonctionnement sont r矇alis矇s. La micro矇lectronique est naturellement li矇e aux math矇matiques et ? la physique. Les math矇matiques fournissent les outils th矇oriques tandis que la physique fournit les mat矇riaux et les processus n矇cessaires. Apr癡s le support d'information mat矇riel, les dispositifs micro矇lectroniques se s矇parent en semi-conducteurs et en ondes. La micro矇lectronique des semi-conducteurs reste encore tr癡s pr矇sente dans le traitement de l'information num矇rique. La micro矇lectronique ? ondes, en revanche, pr矇sente des fonctionnalit矇s et des avantages accrus dans le traitement analogique. En ce qui concerne le traitement de l'information, les ondes acoustiques pr矇sentent un avantage vital par rapport aux ondes 矇lectromagn矇tiques.
When Gravity Breaks Down
In Newton's view, all objects exert a force that attracts other objects. That universal law of gravitation worked pretty well for predicting the motion of planets as well as objects on Earth and it's still used, for example, when making the calculations for a rocket launch. But Newton's view of gravity didn't work for some things, like Mercury's peculiar orbit around the sun. The orbits of planets shift over time, and Mercury's orbit shifted faster than Newton predicted.Einstein's idea was that gravity is not a force, but it is really an effect caused by the curvature of space and time. Although all its predictions have almost been confirmed by experiment, General relativity fails to explain details near space time singularities at the centre of Black holes and the mysterious dark matter. Which means Einstein equations cannot explain the motion of stars in galaxies and galaxy clusters. Mordehai Milgrom MOND explains the motion of stars in galaxies correctly without assuming Dark matter. Therefore MOND is an alternative to Newton's law of Universal gravitation. However the most serious problem facing Milgrom's law is that it cannot completely eliminate the need for dark matter in all astrophysical systems.Most theorists believe that gravitons must exist, and that they could be candidates for Dark matter, because quantum theory has successfully explained every other force of nature. But not everyone agrees. No theory claiming to unify quantum theory with GR has been successfully verified, and this has raised suspicions that perhaps gravity isn't like any other force - in which case gravitons may not exist. The theory of quantum gravity is expected to be able to provide a satisfactory description of the microstructure of space time at the so called Planck scales, at which all fundamental constants of the ingredient theories, c (speed of light), h ( Planck constant) and G ( Newton's constant), come together to form units of mass, length and time. The search for the full theory of quantum gravity has been stymied by the fact that gravity's quantum properties never seem to manifest in actual experience. One option for a solution to this conundrum is string theory, or the idea that everything we perceive as a particle or force is simply an excitation of a closed or open string, vibrating at specific but unique frequencies. One of the major criticisms of string theory has to do not with the theory so much as with theorists. Not only that, the strings of string theory are stupendously small, thought to be somewhere around the Planck scale, a bare 10-34 meters across. That's far, far smaller than anything we can possibly hope to probe even with our most precise instruments. The strings are so small, in fact, that they appear to us to be point-like particles, such as electrons and photons and neutrons. We simply can't ever stare at a string directly.Therefore emergent gravity or entropic gravity is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force, a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum level disorder and not a fundamental interaction.The theory has been controversial within the physics community but has sparked research and experiments to test its validity. The problem is, if emergent gravity just reproduces General Relativity, there's no way to test the idea. What we need instead is a prediction from emergent gravity that deviates from General Relativity.Finally when all is said and done, the fifth force is proposed and its first result is that it reproduces the MOND and Emergent gravity results from one single force equation and solves all gravitational problems leaving none untouched. Although it is accurate there is one problem; it can't explain the origin of gravity.Gravity is then fixed by postulating that it is as a result of the Casimir effect due to vacuum polarizations with sounding experimental proof. This book will help you fix Gravity.
Generation Robot
For Fans of Mary Roach, a Sweetly Nostalgic and Enlightening Exploration of Futures Past, Present, and Still to Come Generation Robot covers a century of science fiction, fact, and speculation--from the 1950 publication of Isaac Asimov's seminal robot masterpiece, I, Robot, to the 2050 Singularity when artificial and human intelligence are predicted to merge. Beginning with a childhood informed by pop-culture robots in movies, in comic books, and on TV in the 1960s, to adulthood where the possibilities of self-driving cars and virtual reality are daily conversation, Terri Favro offers a unique perspective on how our relationship with robotics and futuristic technologies has shifted over time. Peppered with pop-culture fun-facts about Superman's kryptonite, the human-machine relationships in the cult TV show Firefly, and the sexual and moral implications of the film Ex Machina, Generation Robot explores how the techno-triumphs and resulting anxieties of reality bleed into the fantasies of our collective culture. Clever and accessible, Generation Robot isn't just for the serious, scientific reader--it's for everyone interested in robotics and technology since their science-fiction origins. By looking back at the future she once imagined, analyzing the plugged-in present, and speculating on what is on the horizon, Terri Favro allows readers the chance to consider what was, what is, and what could be. This is a captivating book that looks at the pop-culture of our society to explain how the world works--now and tomorrow.
Brief Solutions to the Big Problems in Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology
People have always wanted answers to the big questions. Where did we come from? How did the universe begin? What is the meaning and design behind it all? Is there anyone out there? The creation accounts of the past now seem less relevant and credible. They have been replaced by a variety of what can only be called superstitions, ranging from New Age to Star Trek. But real science can be far stranger than science fiction, and much more satisfying. I am a scientist. And a scientist with a deep fascination with physics, cosmology, the universe and the future of humanity. I was brought up by my parents to have an unwavering curiosity and, like my father, to research and try to answer the many questions that science asks us. I have spent my life travelling across the universe, inside my mind. Through theoretical physics, I have sought to answer some of the great questions. At one point, I thought I would see the end of physics as we know it, but now I think the wonder of discovery will continue long after I am gone. We are close to some of these answers, but we are not there yet. The problem is, most people believe that real science is too difficult and complicated for them to understand. But I don't think this is the case. To do research on the fundamental laws that govern the universe would require a commitment of time that most people don't have; the world would soon grind to a halt if we all tried to do theoretical physics. But most people can understand and appreciate the basic ideas if they are presented in a clear way with equations, which I believe is possible and which is something I have enjoyed trying to do throughout my life. It has been a glorious time to be alive and doing research in theoretical physics. Our picture of the universe has changed a great deal in the last fifty years, and I'm happy if I have made a contribution. One of the great revelations of the space age has been the perspective it has given humanity on ourselves. When we see the Earth from space, we see ourselves as a whole. We see the unity, and not the divisions. It is such a simple image with a compelling message; one planet, one human race. I want to add my voice to those who demand why we must ask the big questions immediate action on the key challenges for our global community. I hope that going forward, even when I am no longer here, people with power can show creativity, courage and leadership. Let them rise to the challenge of the sustainable development goals, and act, not out of self-interest, but out of common interest. I am very aware of the preciousness of time. Seize the moment. Act now.
Advanced Structural Safety Studies
This book describes principles, industry practices and evolutionary methodologies for advanced safety studies, which are helpful in effectively managing volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments within the framework of quantitative risk assessment and management and associated with the safety and resilience of structures and infrastructures with tolerance against various types of extreme conditions and accidents such as fires, explosions, collisions and grounding. It presents advanced computational models for characterizing structural actions and their effects in extreme and accidental conditions, which are highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian in association with multiple physical processes, multiple scales, and multiple criteria. Probabilistic scenario selection practices and applications are presented. Engineering practices for structural crashworthiness analysis in extreme conditions and accidents are described. Multidisciplinary approaches involving advanced computational models and large-scale physical model testing are emphasized. The book will be useful to students at a post-graduate level as well as researchers and practicing engineers.
Equilibrium Statistical Physics (2nd Edition)
This revised and expanded edition of one of the important textbook in statistical physics, is a graduate level text suitable for students in physics, chemistry, and materials science.After a short review of basic concepts, the authors begin the discussion on strongly interacting condensed matter systems with a thorough treatment of mean field and Landau theories of phase transitions. Many examples are worked out in considerable detail. Classical liquids are treated next. Along with traditional approaches to the subject such as the virial expansion and integral equations, newer theories such as perturbation theory and density functional theories are introduced.The modern theory of phase transitions occupies a central place in this book. The development is along historical lines, beginning with the Onsager solution of the two-dimensional Ising model, series expansions, scaling theory, finite-size scaling, and the universality hypothesis. A separate chapter is devoted to the renormalization group approach to critical phenomena. The development of the basic tools is completed in a new chapter on computer simulations in which both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques are introduced.The remainder of the book is concerned with a discussion of some of the more important modern problems in condensed matter theory. A chapter on quantum fluids deals with Bose condensation, superfluidity, and the BCS and Landau-Ginzburg theories of superconductivity. A new chapter on polymers and membranes contains a discussion of the Gaussian and Flory models of dilute polymer mixtures, the connection of polymer theory to critical phenomena, a discussion of dense polymer mixtures and an introduction to the physical properties of solid and fluid membranes. A chapter on linear response includes the Kubo formalism, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, Onsager relations and the Boltzmann equation. The last chapter is devoted to disordered materials.Each chapter contains a substantial number of exercises. A manual with a complete set of solutions to these problems is available under separate cover.
Letters on Wave Mechanics
A lively collection of Einstein's groundbreaking scientific correspondence on modern physics Imagine getting four of the greatest minds of modern physics in a room together to explain and debate the theories and innovations of their day. This is the fascinating experience of reading Letters on Wave Mechanics, the correspondence between H. A. Lorentz, Max Planck, Erwin Schr繹dinger, and Albert Einstein. These remarkable letters illuminate not only the basis of Schr繹dinger's work in wave mechanics, but also how great scientific minds debated and challenged the ever-changing theories of the day and ultimately embraced an elegant solution to the riddles of quantum theory. Their collected correspondence offers insight into both the personalities and professional aspirations that played a part in this theoretical breakthrough. This authorized book features rare photos and never-before-seen documents from the Albert Einstein Archives at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Thing Explainer
Have you ever tried to learn more about some incredible thing, only to be frustrated by incomprehensible jargon? Randall Munroe is here to help. In Thing Explainer, he uses line drawings and only the thousand (or, rather, "ten hundred") most common words to provide simple explanations for some of the most interesting stuff there is, including: food-heating radio boxes (microwaves)tall roads (bridges)computer buildings (datacenters)the shared space house (the International Space Station)the other worlds around the sun (the solar system)the big flat rocks we live on (tectonic plates)the pieces everything is made of (the periodic table)planes with turning wings (helicopters)boxes that make clothes smell better (washers and dryers)the bags of stuff inside you (cells) How do these things work? Where do they come from? What would life be like without them? And what would happen if we opened them up, heated them up, cooled them down, pointed them in a different direction, or pressed this button? In Thing Explainer, Munroe gives us the answers to these questions and so many more. Funny, interesting, and always understandable, this book is for anyone--age 5 to 105--who has ever wondered how things work, and why.
The Principia
This book is a complete volume of Newton's mathematical principles relating to natural philosophy and his system of the world. Newton, one of the most brilliant scientists and thinkers of all time, presents his theories, formulas and thoughts. Included are chapters relative to the motion of bodies; motion of bodies in resisting mediums; and system of the world in mathematical treatment; a section on axioms or laws of motion, and definitions.
The Principia
This book is a complete volume of Newton's mathematical principles relating to natural philosophy and his system of the world. Newton, one of the most brilliant scientists and thinkers of all time, presents his theories, formulas and thoughts. Included are chapters relative to the motion of bodies; motion of bodies in resisting mediums; and system of the world in mathematical treatment; a section on axioms or laws of motion, and definitions.
