Editorial Board Members' Collection Series
A Special Issue of Metals, entitled "Metal Crystal/Polycrystal Plastic Strain Hardening", was initiated in 2022 by the late Professor Ronald W. Armstrong to advance the current state of the art. In its final form (2025), this issue comprises ten published works: a closing Editorial article, an initial Editorial article, six regular research papers, one research communication, and one review article. This Reprint collates all ten contributions. These works collectively enhance our current understanding of the effects of dislocations, microstructures, chemistry, and loading conditions on the mechanics and thermodynamics of metals across a range of length and time scales. The diverse content of this Reprint should be of interest to researchers in the fields of engineering mechanics, materials science, and metallurgy.
Gulliver in the Country of Lilliput
The contributions included in this Reprint can be broadly categorized into three thematic areas: physical chemistry, condensed matter physics, and ecology. Specifically, they explore the identification of specific interactions responsible for the observed or predicted structures of heteromolecular systems, the role of noncovalent interactions in the behavior of molecules under confinement, and the spectral manifestations of such interactions in complex molecular systems.
Functional Biomaterials for Regenerative Dentistry
Regenerative dentistry aims to replace diseased and damaged tissue with functionally integrated regenerated tissue rather than conventional bonded or embedded synthetic materials. The wide array of oral tissues that require regeneration due to common diseases-the periodontal ligament supporting sound biomechanical integration of teeth, the dental pulp maintaining tooth vitality, the alveolar bone supporting the function of overlying tissue and retention of teeth, and the mineralized tooth structure-presents many daunting challenges. Overcoming these challenges is essential to achieve oral health and obtain the associated benefits for the well-being and lifestyle of patients.Biomaterials that promote regeneration serve a growing role in the dentist's repertoire of tools and techniques. The inherently patient-specific, adaptable, biocompatible, and immunomodulatory nature of regenerative biomaterials positions them as the future of everyday dental practice. The long history of surgical techniques in dentistry, combined with the wide scope of biomaterials being developed for nearly every diseased human tissue, produces an exciting opportunity for the development of functional regenerative biomaterials in dentistry. The objective of this Reprint is to collect the latest research on the development of functional biomaterials for regenerative dentistry-broadly defined-to highlight the present and future capacity of dentistry to lead the way in the field of tissue regeneration.
Advances in Engineered Wood Products and Timber Structures
This Special Issue, "Advances in Engineered Wood Products and Timber Structures", showcases ten cutting-edge studies that explore innovative materials, structural solutions, and performance improvements in timber construction. Topics range from design strategies for modular multi-story timber buildings and assessments of space efficiency in high-rise timber buildings, to parametric analyses of timber spatial frames. Experimental research is also prominently featured, focusing on connection behavior and advancements in engineered wood products, including bio-based adhesives, fiber reinforcements and hybrid solutions. The Special Issue reflects the growing potential of timber in contemporary construction, offering valuable insights for researchers, architects, engineers, and professionals in the field.
Gels
Organogels, hydrogels, and ionic gels were investigated both theoretically and experimentally in this reprint. Detailed research was focused on both their synthesis and their applications in high-performance chemistry and its important branches. On this occasion, the proposed keywords, respectively, organogels, hydrogels, ionic gels, chitosan, and fractal analysis, which were considered extremely significant and valuable, were addressed in great technical detail in this innovative scientific study. Consequently, all these reference themes, as well as those inherently associated with them, were approached and synthesized. The employment of xerogels for different applications was also investigated through a plethora of scientific means, such as gravimetrical measurements, SEM imaging, and fractal analysis of SEM pictures. The fractal analysis of such gels was pioneered and thoroughly examined by Prof. Viorel-Puiu Paun in this Special Issue and other past publications of his. Images were scrutinized and reviewed by cleverly calculating the fractal dimension and the lacunarity as a quantitative measure of the homogeneity of the material and its texture through their topological analysis. Moreover, interest-worthy aspects using different types of gels in reinforcement, flood prevention, ecological restoration, combustion enhancement, corrosion protection, acoustic propagation, electrochemical storage, synthesis of nanoparticles, gas sensing, ozone detection, the evaluation of coatings, the development of concrete, and obtaining magnetic nanoparticles were considered in the scientific papers included in this Special Issue.
Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition)
This Reprint aims to provide the corrosion research community with up-to-date, innovative information on the corrosion and protection methods of metallic materials. The different papers contained within cover critical aspects regarding the preparation and characterization of a variety of coating materials, as well as corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion mechanisms of several metals, such as stainless steels, copper, titanium, aluminum, zinc, magnesium alloys, and carbon steels, are studied, either with regard to their protective coating ability or corrosion inhibition efficiency.
Advanced Nanocomposites Materials Based on Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide
Dear Colleagues, We are pleased to announce that the Special Issue titled "Advanced Nanocomposite Materials Based on Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide: Potential Applications and Perspectives" has been successfully completed and is now available online as a Reprint. This Special Issue highlights the integration of GO/r-GO with polymers, inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt), and other carbon-based nanomaterials, showcasing their potential in fields such as the following: Energy storage: Fe₃O₄/r-GO nanocomposites for supercapacitor electrodes;Environmental remediation: PMMA-based nanocomposites for Cr(VI) removal from waste water;Solar energy: Photothermal materials based on trifluoromethylated azobenzene and r-GO, among others;Biomedical and diagnostic applications: r-GO-based impedimetric immunosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection;Gas sensing and flexible electronics: functionalized GO/r-GO with metal oxides and composite aerogels, among other examples.
Functional Coatings for Metallic and Ceramic Materials
Coatings are used today in many areas of human activity. It was traditionally believed that their main applications were only protecting against corrosion and giving decorative properties to various materials, but recently, the functions of coatings have expanded significantly.These are, for example, antireflective coatings for glasses or radars, thin films on the surface of parts of fuel and solar cells, antibacterial applications, and many other multi-functional coatings.This reprint contains research papers united by the general concept of functional coatings. A wide range of technologies were used to obtain the coatings, such as plasma electrolytic oxidation, electrodeposition, metallic suspension inject printing, metal inert gas arc welding, laser-oriented deposition, etc., as well as very different analytical methods for studying the results obtained.
Cycloaddition Reactions at the Beginning of the Third Millennium
The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of cycloaddition reactions at the start of the twenty-first century. Almost a century after the discovery of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, this kind of pericyclic process continues to be a very efficient tool in synthetic organic chemistry and shows significant and widespread applications in different chemistry areas, from traditional organic synthesis to medicinal chemistry, materials chemistry, and so on. These reactions are beneficial to chemists because they provide valuable cyclic compounds often in a simple manner and with high and predictable regio- and stereochemistry in addition to high atom economy. These appealing features make cycloadditions privileged processes in organic synthesis.This Special Issue in Reactions aims to collect recent results concerning the applications of [4]2] cycloadditions, namely Diels-Alder, Hetero Diels-Alder, and 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions, as well as [2]2] processes. The use of more efficient, green and sustainable experimental conditions is strongly pursued to improve both the environmental aspects and the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles with noteworthy applications in natural, pharmacological, biological, and materials domains.
Nanocomposite Design for Energy-Related Applications
Nanocomposites, which integrate multiple nanoscale components, are a major research focus due to their unique properties and broad industrial potential. Engineered at the nanoscale, these materials exhibit electronic, physical, and mechanical characteristics that are vastly different from their bulk forms. This is particularly advantageous for advanced energy technologies, including batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, and catalysts. The power of nanocomposites lies in the synergistic combination of their constituent nanomaterials, creating enhanced or entirely new functionalities that are unattainable by individual components. This synergy allows for the precise tuning of chemical composition and morphology, enabling highly specialized applications. In energy storage, nanocomposites offer a higher energy density, a longer cycle life, and faster charging than conventional materials. They improve the efficiency and stability of solar cells and fuel cells, aiding the adoption of renewable energy. Furthermore, their unique surface properties make them exceptional multifunctional catalysts that are useful in sustainable energy production and environmental cleanup. The ability to tailor nanocomposites opens new avenues for energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. Their potential to improve existing systems and enable novel technologies is transformative, positioning them as a cornerstone for future advances in sustainability.
Novel Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
This Special Issue of Molecules, "Novel Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries", features ten published papers that reflect the diversity and dynamism of current research in energy storage and conversion. Several studies focus on lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, investigating Ni-rich cathode materials, hard carbon anodes, F-doped layered transition metal oxides, and stable anode-free configurations. Other contributions explore magnesium-sulfur batteries and highlight recent advances in electrolyte design. Beyond batteries, research on photocatalysts, thermoelectric materials, and hydrogen production technologies provides complementary insights into sustainable energy solutions. Together, these contributions demonstrate significant progress in material design, electrochemical performance optimization, and catalytic strategies, offering crucial perspectives for the future of rechargeable batteries and green energy technologies.
Carbon-Based Materials Applied in Water and Wastewater Treatment
This Reprint presents the state-of-the-art research progress in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials applied in water and wastewater treatment.This Reprint brings into the spotlight contemporary research on the development and exploration of carbon materials in water and wastewater treatment, distinguished by their exceptional adsorptive capacities, high pollutant-removal efficiencies, multifunctionality, structural stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental congeniality. Topics may include, but are not limited to, studies on innovative integrated processes for the removal of emerging pollutants; the application of carbon-based materials in actual industrial wastewater; and novel carbon-based material synthesis technology.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Surfaces and Interfaces
The Reprint of the Special Issue "Recent Advances on Catalytic Surfaces and Interfaces" aims to cover the recent advances in the fundamental understanding of surface and interface phenomena in catalysis. It consists of nine high-quality papers on various aspects of catalysis, related to the rational design and fine-tuning strategies during some of the most relevant applications in electro-, photo-, and thermo-catalysis, such as green diesel production, hydrocracking, hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and wastewater treatment, among others.
Advances in Functional Rubber and Elastomer Composites II
This reprint discusses novel rubber composites, including advanced fabrication techniques and evaluations of their useful properties. Each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of current drawbacks and possible solutions for the advanced applications of functional rubber composites. The reprint also presents the latest developments and trends in rubber research for various scientific and engineering applications.
Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials
This Reprint, guest-edited by Dr. Dawei Zhang and Xianzhi Kong, collates a collection of research works dedicated to the advancement of chitosan and chitin, with particular emphasis on hydrogels, nanofibers, smart materials, nanocomposites, foams and dressing materials. This Special Issue focuses on the preparation and application of materials based on chitosan and chitosan, with the aim of presenting the latest research advances in the biomedical applications of chitosan and chitin and highlighting the potential for further innovative research in this area.
The Entropy Production-as Cornerstone in Applied Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
With this Special Issue, we hope to encourage a large efforts in this important field. The purpose of the Special Issue is to demonstrate the strength and importance of the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, with its fundamental basis in entropy production, when used to improve the understanding of processes essential to mankind, industry, or nature at large. The topics cover fundamental aspects and applications of all sorts, for instance the applications that Signe Kjelstrup worked on: fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectric devices, chemical reactors, distillation columns, and reindeer or seal noses.
Surviving Climate and Chaos
What Dinosaurs Teach Us About SurvivalWhat if dinosaurs could help us prepare for the future? In Surviving Climate and Chaos, paleontologist and science communicator Evan Jevnikar reveals how the prehistoric past holds critical lessons for understanding modern climate change, extinction, and survival.Dinosaurs weren't just ancient curiosities-they were vital parts of ancient ecosystems whose rise and fall mirrors many of the patterns scientists see in today's rapidly changing world. With a blend of cutting-edge science, fascinating fossil discoveries, and philosophical reflection, Jevnikar explores how the extinction of these giants can help us confront humanity's future.From mass extinctions and ecosystem collapse to resilience and adaptation, this book makes the case that dinosaurs still have much to teach us. Whether you're a lifelong dino fan, a science reader, or someone curious about how Earth's past predicts its future, Surviving Climate and Chaos is an essential and captivating read.Inside, you'll find: How ancient ecosystems reveal patterns in today's climate changeWhat dinosaur fossils teach us about survival and extinctionHow to apply lessons from prehistory to modern environmental challengesIf you liked The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs, Locked in Time, or Weird Universe, you'll love Surviving Climate and Chaos.
Next-Gen Material Libraries for Explosive Detection
Detecting and differentiating explosives is crucial for security, environmental monitoring, and forensic investigations. While traditional methods have improved the identification of common explosives, detecting insensitive high-energy explosives remains challenging due to their low volatility and chemical stability. Researchers have developed diverse material-based sensing strategies, each with unique advantages and limitations. Fluorescence-based techniques have emerged as a leading approach due to their exceptional sensitivity, simplicity, and rapid response. These sensors detect a broad range of explosives, including nitroaromatic compounds like TNT and RDX. However, real-world detection requires distinguishing structurally similar explosives in complex mixtures, necessitating advanced, multidimensional sensing strategies. To address this, multichannel sensing platforms integrating various fluorescent materials have been developed. A groundbreaking advancement in this field is chemical computing, which employs molecular logic gates and computational algorithms to analyze chemical signatures. This approach enables precise differentiation of closely related explosives. This book critically examines recent progress in material-based explosive detection, focusing on fluorescence-based sensing and molecular computing for explosive differentiation. It also discusses challenges such as material stability, real-world applicability, and emerging sensor fabrication techniques. By integrating materials science and computational chemistry, this book provides valuable insights into next-generation smart detection systems for researchers and security professionals.
Perspective on Properties and Potential of Nano ZnO and It's Composites
Researchers have been interested in nano ZnO in recent years because of its special qualities, which include customizable size, shape, and surface charge. For commercial use, nano ZnO can be made chemically or mechanically. Nonetheless, the world is now aware of the environmental issues these practices are causing. To address the environmental issues, green production of nano ZnO has emerged as a major area of interest. Natural materials including plant extract, microorganisms, fungus, and algae are enhanced with bioactive phytochemicals and hence they can be utilized as both structural stabilizers and reductants in this green method. In comparison to chemical synthesis, green synthesis is a simple method for producing nano ZnO with superior characteristics. The vast range of applications of nano ZnO in numerous fields has increased due to the rapid growth of nanomaterial fabrication. The growing need and application of nano ZnO, however, raises questions about its molecular and cellular toxicity as well as its biocompatibility with human cells. As a result, this analysis has also included a thorough and detailed discussion of the toxicological issues of nano ZnO.
In Situ Metal Matrix Composites
Professor Chunxiang Cui, as one of the first Chinese scholars to pay attention to in situ synthesis theory, has been engaged in the research of MMCs for a long time. He retraced the idea of in situ synthesis from the field of composite design to the field of metallurgy, proposed the concept of in situ composite inoculant (or master alloy) which is prepared by nanocrystallization and used as modifying and refining agents to modify and refine aluminum alloys, titanium-aluminum alloys, and alloy steels. This new concept was applied in improving the traditional metal metallurgy technology, effectively improving the metallurgical quality and service performance of common metal materials. This academic idea has aroused great attention in the field of iron and steel metallurgy, and has inspired a series of new developments in the current era of traditional technologies, such as inoculation or modification.Professor Chunxiang Cui, as one of the first to attain a major in Material Science and Engineering in China, has been engaged in the field of higher education for 40 years. In order to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Professor Chunxiang Cui becoming a teacher, we announced this commemorative Special Issue.
Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys (3rd Edition)
The following Reprint focuses on all of the above classes of materials and the areas of physical metallurgy, process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium-/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modeling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena.Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties over their service lives via microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of this Reprint on the physical metallurgy of metals and alloys is to bring together information on the recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment described in our works on the design and development of advanced metals and alloys, and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials, as well as functional materials, will also be included.
Better Not Burn Your Toast
In a world of misinformation and noise, Dr. Joe is a reliable source of authentic, evidence-based health science to teach you everything you didn't know you needed to know! If you have an appetite for digestible science, you will find plenty of tasty morsels here. Discover why some people see red over red food dyes, why Sherlock Holmes was interested in jellyfish, why King George III was plagued with purple urine, and why phrenology is a pseudoscience. You will learn about the links between the Pope, Lionel Messi, and yerba mate, Harry Potter and the mandrake root, and how Bicycle Day came to commemorate the first use of LSD. Have you ever wondered whether negative ions have positive effects, if memory supplements work, if performance-enhancing supplements really enhance performance, or if taurine in Red Bull is a lot of bull? Look no further. Are you confused about ultra-processed foods, free radicals, calcium propionate in your daily bread, endocrine disruptors, preservatives, rejuvenation, aspartame, Ozempic, Oxycontin, or whether you can eat to beat disease? You've come to the right place. You will also find out why Woody Allen's "orgasmatron" in Sleeper was a parody of an actual device created by Wilhelm Reich, how time-restricted eating works, why kimchi traveled to outer space, and where not to stick a magnesium rod. Then, of course, you will also discover why you should not burn your toast!
Inorganic Plant Poisons And Stimulants
A startling voyage into the hidden chemistry of plants Inorganic Plant Poisons and Stimulants reveals how unseen mineral forces shape life above and below the soil. Winifred Elsie Brenchley s pioneering text lays out, with clear purpose and empirical rigor, the effects of inorganic plant toxins and plant stimulants on growth and health. Readers will find thorough explorations of plant poison effects heavy metals, mineral imbalances, and botanical poisons alongside careful analysis of plant growth stimulants and their role in agricultural chemistry and plant biochemistry. Case studies, laboratory observations, and practical implications make this more than a handbook: it s a foundational treatise in toxicology of plants and environmental plant science. Historically significant and scientifically rich, this volume captures early 20th-century advances in historical plant studies and remains strikingly relevant to modern concerns about plant toxic substances and sustainable agriculture. Brenchley s lucid prose bridges laboratory detail and real-world application, offering both curious lay readers and serious scholars a readable yet authoritative guide. This edition from Alpha Editions revives a work that was out of print for decades. Meticulously restored for today s and future generations, it is not merely a reprint it s a collector s item and a cultural treasure, ideal for classic literature collectors, botanists, agricultural scientists, and anyone fascinated by the chemistry that governs plant life. Rediscover a cornerstone of botanical science by Winifred Elsie Brenchley essential reading for lovers of environmental plant science and the history of plant toxicology.
Computational Chemistry Insights into Molecular Interactions
The Special Issue Reprint entitled "Computational Chemistry Insights into Molecular Interactions" contains 13 articles covering a wide range of subjects including molecular properties of molecular systems, a new approach to investigating reaction mechanisms, and biochemical and pharmacological studies on protein interactions or substrate binding to proteins.
Resource Utilization of Solid Waste and Circular Economy
The global surge in solid waste generation, fueled by rapid industrialization and urban expansion, has posed one of the greatest environmental and resource security challenges of the 21st century. However, this challenge presents an equally powerful opportunity. This Reprint, "Resource Utilization of Solid Waste and Circular Economy", offers a timely and compelling collection of 11 cutting-edge studies that reconceptualize waste-not as a burden, but as a valuable resource for sustainable development.What makes this collection unique? It integrates materials science, environmental engineering, energy technology, and digital innovation to present real-world, scalable strategies for solid waste valorization. From repurposing industrial by-products into low-carbon construction materials to designing AI-powered waste classification systems, each article exemplifies the innovative spirit of circular economy thinking.
Advances in Polyelectrolytes and Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes have gained great interest in recent years for different applications. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are micro-/nanostructured units with exceptional properties, obtained via the polymeric interaction between cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. Their properties are affected by a variety of factors, including the conditions of the liquid medium, the order of addition of the polyelectrolytes, the mass ratio, and the polyelectrolyte concentration. This Special Issue aims to collect research papers, communications, and review articles that offer original contributions to the development of novel materials prepared using polyelectrolytes or polyelectrolyte complexes, providing relevant information about the relationship between the chemical structures of polyelectrolytes and PECs and the morphological, thermal, optical, and/or mechanical properties of materials based on PECs. The Special Issue covers myriad topics, including the use of polyelectrolytes and multilayered polyelectrolyte complexes for drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering, their deployment as packaging films, paper additives and coatings, membranes and gels, bioadhesives, and more.
In-Silico Approach For Designing Thiazolidinone Based Analogues For Anti-Inflammatory Activity
This book mainly covers In-silico studies of thiazolidinone based analogues in order to identify prominent binding pockets for inhibiting Cyclooxygenase (COX), Lipoxygenase (LOX), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) for anti-inflammatory activity. Random synthesis and random screening of these compounds for various biological activities is very tedious, costly and less productive work. Modern chemistry demands molecular modelling, and pre-synthesis biological activity predictions through docking and other techniques for effective, speedy and target based research. Focusing on this, in this book interactions between thiazolidinone based analogues with these enzyme binding pockets, prediction of binding affinity, fragments responsible for the interaction with enzyme binding site, and their mode of interactions with the active sites have been highlighted. This book provides the prominent way to design new anti-inflammatory agents based on thiazolidinone moieties with better inhibition potency.
Use of a local illite-montmorillonite clay on the elimination of a pollutant Ibuprofene
Using Illite-montmorillonite (IMN), a naturally occurring clay in the Naima-Tiaret-Algeria area, as a raw material, this effort intends to develop geopolymers (GPIMN). To do this, we will calcine the clay to 700 oC. and then activate it alkaline using high concentrations of NaOH and Na2CO3. The IMN and GPIMN clays were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The study looked at how the efficiency of the Ibuprofen (IBP) adsorption process was affected by the starting concentration and how long the adsorption process took. About forty minutes was found to be the duration of the adsorption process. The models that were used were the Elovich, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order versions. The most accurate model for the current application is the pseudo-second-order model, with an R2 value better than 0.99. Thermodynamic study demonstrates that the adsorption is directly proportional to the starting concentration. Thermodynamic models using Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R were used to determine the adsorption capacity of IBP with IMN-GPIMN. These simulations validated that the adsorption capacity of IMN-GPIMN was 48.54-66.66 mg/g. Given that it has a significant connection with the heterogeneous surface function (R2 value more than 0.93), the Freundlich model is thought to be the most appropriate for use. Both the raw and blended versions of the local clay had a significant ability to adsorb ibuprofen, which was more than that shown in previous studies.
Hybrid ZnO Photocatalysts for Dye Removal Treatment
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered significant attention for its photocatalytic properties, making it a promising material for water purification. Due to its wide bandgap, high photosensitivity, transparency, and thermal stability, ZnO is well-suited for applications in environmental remediation. However, its efficiency in photocatalysis is hindered by a high electron-hole recombination rate, which limits its catalytic performance. To address this issue, researchers have explored various strategies, including doping ZnO with transition metals, forming composites, and developing nanostructures to enhance its photocatalytic activity. Doping ZnO with metals like iron, copper, and cerium or non-metals like nitrogen can introduce new energy levels within the material's bandgap, improving charge separation and reducing electron-hole recombination. Compositing ZnO with materials like polypyrrole (PPy) or graphene oxide (GO) has also proven effective in boosting electron mobility and increasing the number of active sites for pollutant degradation. Additionally, nanostructuring ZnO into nanoparticles, nanorods, or nanowires increases its surface area and light absorption capabilities, making it more efficient in photocatalytic reactions. In his research, Dr. Satpal highlights how these modifications enhance ZnO's ability to degrade organic pollutants, such as dyes found in textile wastewater, and to remove heavy metals like lead and arsenic. ZnO-based photocatalysts have also shown effectiveness in disinfecting water by inactivating harmful microorganisms. By optimizing ZnO through doping, composites, and nanostructuring, this research provides valuable insights into the development of efficient, sustainable photocatalysts for water purification. These advancements offer a promising solution to global clean water challenges, especially in regions with limited access to safe drinking water.
Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrate Biomass to Formic Acid via Heterogeneous Catalysis
The conversion of biomass to chemicals/fuels has emerged as a valuable solution that offers both environmental and economic benefits, with the transformation of carbohydrate into formic acid garnering escalating scholar interest. However, the relative limited efficiency of catalyzed-oxidation or expensive cost of H2O2 and alkali in wet hydrothermal oxidation impose limitations on industrialization. This book proposed two new ideas for formic acid production by the oxidation of carbohydrate. In the first method, a two-step reaction method was developed, where the initial step is engineered to regulate the carbon chain cleavage of carbohydrates to augment the production of active intermediate. Oxygen was employed in the subsequent step as effective oxidant through free radical mechanism at around 423 K, resulting in a formic acid yield of 82.6%. Finally, the universality of the reaction was verified by using disaccharides and polysaccharides such as cellulose as substrates. In the second method, a simple but efficient MgO-H2O2 system without adding extra homogeneous base was established, achieving the highest 78.6% formic acid yield with 90.5% glucose conversion within 4 h at 323 K in water as a green medium. The catalyst MgO could be recycled five times without decline in activity with simple regeneration procedure, which occupied only 2.3% of the total operation cost based on an ex-anti life-cycle assessment, and is much cheaper than its homogenous counterpart such as LiOH. These research advance carbohydrate efficient oxidation into formic acid with heterogeneous catalyst, establishing possible approaches to produce formic acid from renewable biomass resources in real application.
Ready for Dessert, Revised
A revised edition of David Lebovitz's bestselling collection of desserts, featuring stunning new photography and more than 170 mouthwatering recipes for pastries, cakes, cookies, and more Professional cook and baker David Lebovitz is a master of perfectly pitched desserts and irreverent humor--a combination that has won him and his books hundreds of thousands of fans. This completely revised edition of Ready for Dessert is a compilation of David's favorite and best recipes. He serves up a tantalizing array of nearly 175 cakes, pies, tarts, crisps, cobblers, cookies, candies, ice creams, pastries, custards, souffl矇s, puddings, and even dessert sauces, fruit preserves, and homemade liqueurs. Sharing a pared-down sophistication and a focus on fresh, pure flavors and seasonal ingredients, David's desserts range from simple to showy, light to rich, and classic to edgy, like Nectarine-Raspberry Upside-Down Gingerbread Cake, Apple-Quince Tarte Tatin, Lemon-Ginger Cr癡me Br羶l矇e, Buckwheat Chocolate Chip Cookies, Butterscotch-Pecan Ice Cream, Maple Tartlets, and a universally adored Salted Butter Caramel Sauce that can top just about anything. Featuring several all-new recipes and photography shot on location in Paris by award-winning food photographer Ed Anderson, Ready for Dessert, Revised, offers showstopping treats that bakers of all skill levels will master with ease. And David's trademark friendly guidance, as well as serving suggestions, storage advice, flavor variations, and tips will help ensure success every time. So if you're ready for dessert (and who isn't?), crack open this sweet and essential collection and let's get baking.
New Perspectives of Colloids for Biological Applications
This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences is dedicated to the latest advances in colloid and colloidal systems research, focusing on highlighting the latest, exciting research and new perspectives taken in leading laboratories worldwide. IJMS is an attractive, open publishing platform that publishes research in molecular chemistry. The scientific field of colloid systems is still developing, but holds great promise for many practical applications, especially those related to biology. This Special Issue focuses on all aspects of the production, modification, research, and application of colloids and colloidal systems, as well as the application of highly specialized methods to advance science and, above all, improve health and quality of life.
Multifunctional Polymer Composite Materials
Multifunctional polymer composites are a class of smart materials in which the polymer matrix is reinforced with fillers to tailor with different functionalities. The promise of integrating several functions into a single material is quite challenging. Moreover, their lightweight, durable, and customizable materials positions multifunctional polymer composites as a key enabler for next-generation technologies. This Reprint will focus on these aspects, thereby providing readers with an insightful idea of multifunctionality in polymer composites.
Advances in Renewable and Sustainable Engineering from the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques
The aim of this Special Issue is the same as that of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET), which is to communicate cutting-edge findings and information related to the study and advancement of Sustainable Engineering Techniques. The following topics are covered: Sustainability and green technologies: This section covers a wide set of sustainable topics and related research into green technologies, waste management, smart cities, and sustainable and smart agriculture systems; Renewable energy and power systems: This section covers research related to renewable energy, power generation, power systems, and energy efficiency to promote sustainable solutions; Environmental engineering: This section covers many aspects of environmental engineering for sustainable development and environmental protection; Chemical engineering: This covers various aspects of chemical processes, alongside innovations based on renewable and sustainable topics; Materials engineering: This topic explores advancements in materials science and engineering based on renewable and sustainable matters; Civil and structural engineering: This area addresses infrastructure development, construction, structural design, and efficient structural materials through renewable and sustainable metrics; Mechanical engineering: This highlights mechanical systems, energy storage, and waste heat utilisation based on renewable and sustainable guidelines.
Innovations in Manufacturing Processes and Systems for Sustainable Practices
This Reprint presents a selection of cutting-edge research originally published in the Processes Special Issue "Innovations in Manufacturing Processes and Systems for Sustainable Practices." It brings together 22 high-quality articles that reflect the dynamic evolution of manufacturing toward sustainability, efficiency, and digital transformation. The contributions are divided into five major themes: Strategic Approaches to Sustainable Manufacturing and Digitalization; Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing for Sustainability; Advanced Materials and Green Material Development; Process Innovation and Sustainable Machining; and Digital Tools, Simulation, and Production System Optimization. Together, these works demonstrate how emerging technologies such as digital twins, circular economy principles, and advanced materials are transforming industrial production. Through real-world case studies, decision-making frameworks, and technological breakthroughs, this Reprint highlights how manufacturing can be transformed to meet environmental, economic, and production goals. It offers valuable guidelines for researchers, engineers, and industrial managers working with and making decisions regarding innovation and sustainability in industrial systems.
Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters
The persistent efforts toward achieving superior properties for assembled nanoscale particles have been hindered due to the resulting polydispersity associated with colloidal routes of synthesis. A solution to this limitation seems to have emerged through the advent of ligand-protected atomic clusters. In this case, the ligands stabilizing the clusters are highly reactive and thus provide a facile avenue for the "ligand-mediated spatial organization of nanoclusters".Thus, a dispersion of atomic clusters typically constitutes of structurally and chemically related species. Hence, the perusal of chemical reactions toward achieving complex nanostructures in a controllable manner could yield self-assembled nanoclusters with multiple functions and collective properties, widening their application potential.Together, we embark on a journey to unlock approaches to materials chemistry developed for assembling atomically precise clusters into higher-ordered structures in various dimensions.
Did God Create T-Rex?
This balanced exploration of how Christians understand dinosaurs presents young-earth, old-earth, intelligent design, and theistic evolutionary perspectives with fairness and respect. Written for adult Christians interested in science-faith dialogue, parents facing children's questions, educators, seminary students, and pastors, the book provides thoughtful resources for navigating one of the most challenging intersections of biblical faith and scientific discovery.When twelve-year-old Mary Anning discovered the first complete ichthyosaur fossil in 1811, she unknowingly launched debates that continue today. How do believers reconcile the "terrible lizards" with the biblical account of creation? Why did God create Tyrannosaurus rex with teeth designed for killing? Could dinosaurs have lived alongside humans?Arthur A. Tiger tackles these questions with intellectual honesty and pastoral sensitivity. Drawing on cutting-edge paleontological research, historical Christian responses, and contemporary theological reflection, this book offers: Fair presentation of all major Christian positions - from Ken Ham's young-earth creationism to Francis Collins' evolutionary creationFascinating dinosaur science - soft tissue discoveries, feathered dragons, mass extinctionsDeep theological engagement - the problem of natural evil, death before the Fall, God's sovereignty over deep timePractical wisdom - how to discuss dinosaurs with children, respond to skeptics, and maintain unity despite disagreementTestimonies from Christian paleontologists - scientists who dig up dinosaurs while maintaining vibrant faithRather than pushing one "correct" answer, Tiger equips readers to think carefully about these questions for themselves. Each chapter combines scientific accuracy with theological depth, helping believers navigate between blind faith and empty skepticism toward authentic engagement with both Scripture and nature.Whether you're a parent at a natural history museum, a student reconciling Genesis with geology class, or a pastor asked about dinosaurs and the Bible, this book provides the resources you need to engage thoughtfully and faithfully."The question isn't whether Christians should engage with dinosaur discoveries. The question is how we engage: with fear or faith, with dogmatism or humility, with conflict or wisdom?"
Advanced Nano-Structured Hard Coatings
The relentless demand for energy efficiency in our carbon-constrained world has exposed a critical challenge: nearly a quarter of all industrial energy is dissipated through friction and wear. This silent crisis finds its solution in the atomic-scale world of advanced coatings, where materials science meets tribological innovation. Coating technology thus emerges as a critical solution, offering transformative potential for addressing friction- and wear-induced energy losses. Advanced coatings are revolutionizing mechanical systems by fundamentally transforming surface interactions. Through innovative material engineering, these cutting-edge solutions simultaneously achieve self-lubricating functionality, dramatically reduce dependence on traditional lubricants, and push wear resistance to unprecedented levels. In the context of a global shift towards more efficient and sustainable technologies, continuous engagement with the latest developments in hard coating research is imperative. This Special Issue unveils the next frontier: coatings that do not just resist wear, but actively participate in energy systems. The frontier of coating technology now extends beyond traditional tribological applications, with promising developments in areas as diverse as biomedical implants and space exploration hardware. This Special Issue also brings together pioneering research and insightful critical reviews on the newest innovations, boldest ideas, and most promising real-world applications of hard coatings across all systems. Get ready to explore the future of surface engineering!
Discovery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Organisms and Their Molecular Mechanisms against Diseases
Discovering bioactive compounds and their molecular mechanisms of disease resistance from natural organisms is an important frontier in current drug development, agricultural biological control, and life science research. This research not only provides new solutions for the treatment of human diseases and the prevention and control of animal and plant diseases and pests, but it also provides key clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of life activities. However, the research and development of synthetic drugs is currently facing increasingly severe challenges, which are manifested in rising research and development costs, longer cycles, a sharp decline in success rates, and increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. Therefore, finding lead compounds to develop new drugs has become a core priority for major pharmaceutical companies. During the long evolutionary process, organisms have synthesized a large number of secondary metabolites with novel and unique structures. The differences in the chemical properties of these organisms not only give them diverse biological activities but also provide the possibility of exploring new mechanisms of action. Therefore, they have become an indispensable resource in the development of new drugs-people are working to discover new lead compounds from millions of plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine organisms in nature. This reprint is highly recommended for researchers, students, and industry professionals because it provides new insights into "bioactive compounds and their molecular mechanisms of disease resistance".
Biopolymers in Sustainable Corrosion Inhibition
Biopolymers in Sustainable Corrosion Inhibition covers the fundamentals, properties, and applications of biopolymers and considers their superiorities over traditional alternatives. It explores the synthesis, characterization, inhibition mechanism, and applications of biopolymeric anticorrosive materials.Focusing on environmentally friendly corrosion prevention methods, this book demonstrates how biopolymers slow the corrosion rate and avoid economic losses owing to the metallic corrosion on industrial liners, tools, or surfaces. This book covers the sustainable corrosion inhibition potential of biopolymers and their derivatives, including chitosan, cellulose, chitin, starch, and natural gums.This book will be a valuable reference for undergraduate and graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of biopolymers, corrosion science and engineering, environmental science, chemical engineering, green chemistry, and mechanical/industrial engineering.
A Synopsis Of The Silurian Fossils Of Ireland
"A Synopsis Of The Silurian Fossils Of Ireland" provides a detailed overview of the fossils discovered in Silurian strata throughout Ireland. This work meticulously catalogs and describes various fossil species, offering valuable insights into the paleontology and geological history of the region. The synopsis serves as a foundational resource for researchers and enthusiasts interested in understanding the ancient marine life that once thrived in the Irish landmass during the Silurian period. Its enduring value lies in its comprehensive documentation and historical significance to the field of paleontology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Synopsis Of The Silurian Fossils Of Ireland
"A Synopsis Of The Silurian Fossils Of Ireland" provides a detailed overview of the fossils discovered in Silurian strata throughout Ireland. This work meticulously catalogs and describes various fossil species, offering valuable insights into the paleontology and geological history of the region. The synopsis serves as a foundational resource for researchers and enthusiasts interested in understanding the ancient marine life that once thrived in the Irish landmass during the Silurian period. Its enduring value lies in its comprehensive documentation and historical significance to the field of paleontology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exercises in Physical Chemistry
"Exercises in Physical Chemistry" offers a comprehensive collection of problems and exercises designed to enhance the understanding of fundamental principles in physical chemistry. Authored by Walther Adolf Roth, this book serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers alike. Covering a wide range of topics including thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and chemical kinetics, the exercises are meticulously crafted to challenge and reinforce theoretical concepts. This book provides a practical approach to mastering the subject, enabling readers to apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios. Originally published in 1909, this work remains relevant for its detailed explanations and rigorous practice problems, making it an essential addition to any chemistry library.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Organic Syntheses Vol II
"Organic Syntheses Vol II," originally published in 1922, is a timeless resource for chemists and researchers. This volume continues the tradition of providing detailed and reliable methods for the synthesis of organic compounds. Each procedure has been carefully tested and verified, offering practical guidance for laboratory work. James B. Conant's work remains valuable for its clear instructions and focus on reproducibility, making it an essential addition to any chemistry library. Whether for academic study or practical application, this book offers insights into the techniques and principles of organic synthesis that are as relevant today as they were a century ago.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
System Of Theoretical And Practical Chemistry
"System of Theoretical and Practical Chemistry" by Friedrich Christian Accum is a comprehensive exploration of chemistry as it was understood in the early 19th century. This book serves as both a theoretical treatise and a practical guide, offering insights into the fundamental principles of chemistry alongside detailed instructions for conducting experiments and analyses. Accum's work provides a valuable window into the historical development of chemistry, showcasing the methods and knowledge that formed the basis of modern chemical science.The book is meticulously structured to cover a wide range of topics, making it an essential resource for students, researchers, and anyone interested in the history of science. Accum's clear and systematic approach makes complex concepts accessible, while his emphasis on practical application ensures that readers gain a thorough understanding of the subject matter.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Meat, Milk, And Wheat
"Meat, Milk, and Wheat: An Elementary Introduction To The Chemistry Of Farming" offers a foundational understanding of the chemical processes underpinning agricultural practices. Written by Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, this book serves as an accessible guide to the essential chemical elements and compounds crucial for successful farming. Acland elucidates the roles of various chemical components in soil fertility, crop growth, and animal husbandry. He explores topics such as the composition of milk and meat, the nutritional requirements of livestock, and the chemical properties of wheat and other staple crops. This volume provides practical knowledge applicable to improving farming techniques and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Calculations Of Inorganic Chemistry And Qualitative Analysis
"Calculations of Inorganic Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis" is a comprehensive guide intended for students and practitioners of chemistry. Authored by Alexander Smith and William C. Moore, this text offers detailed explanations and numerous examples to aid in mastering essential chemical calculations and qualitative analysis techniques. The book covers a wide range of topics, including stoichiometry, chemical equations, solution chemistry, and the principles underlying qualitative analysis. It provides a structured approach to problem-solving, enabling readers to develop a strong foundation in the quantitative aspects of inorganic chemistry. With its clear and concise explanations, this book remains a valuable resource for anyone studying or working in the field of chemistry.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
