Perspectives on Molecular Materials-A Tribute to Professor Peter Day
To pay tribute to his countless key contributions in many different domains in Materials Chemistry, the journal Magnetochemistry has decided to publish this memorial Special Issue (SI) entitled Perspectives on Molecular Materials-A Tribute to Professor Peter Day, including a total of twenty-two contributions from some of his collaborators and friends.
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors
The 29th International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors (ICANS 29) served as a continuation of the biennial conference that has been held since 1965. ICANS 29 was held from 23 to 26 August at the campus of Nanjing University-a great venue for global academic researchers, industrial partners, and policymakers to come together and share their latest progress, breakthroughs, and new ideas on a wide range of topics in the fields of amorphous and nanocrystalline thin films and other nanostructured materials, as well as device applications.It was the first time that this prestigious event was held in China, and it provided the perfect opportunity for young Chinese researchers and students to participate more actively in academic exchange as a part of the conference and become familiarized with the latest developments in the fields in which they work. And despite a one-year delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ICANS 29 still attracted more than 300 paper submissions from 11 countries, including both on-site and virtual oral and poster presentations, which made it truly both a global and hybrid conference.
Mechanical, Corrosive and Tribological Degradation of Metal Coatings and Modified Metallic Surfaces
Material degradation is a long-standing issue that poses a number of challenges from both a scientific and engineering perspective. In particular, metallic materials and their surfaces can be significantly affected by the effects of degradation, which reduce their properties over time, thereby leading to premature failure or loss of functionality. This reprint presents a collection of studies on the mechanical, corrosive, and tribological degradation of metal coatings and modified metallic surfaces. The subject is discussed from theoretical, experimental, and synthesis perspectives.
The Discovery of the Cellular Sodium Pump in the 20th Century
Document from the year 2024 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, language: English, abstract: During her doctoral and postdoctoral studies, Beatrice Maier Anner became familiar with a fascinating biological system, called sodium pump by the physiologists and Na, K-ATPase by the biochemists; it is a sort of biomotor located in the cell membrane, which constantly expulses sodium (Na) ions from the cell interior and replaces them by potassium (K) ions, at the expense of chemical energy provided by adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) which is cleaved to adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) by the Na, K-ATPase, which gets its pump energy from the cleavage of this chemical bond. There would be no life without this fundamental biological system. Interestingly, it is also a pharmacological receptor, i.e. compounds extracted from the Digitalis plant of from the toad bind to the pump and block it, hence the toxicity of e.g. digitoxin or the toad's bufotoxins. The author has acquired extensive practical and theoretical knowledge of this biological system, acquired at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA consisting in inserting purified functional Na, K-ATPase into artificial membranes (liposomes) in order to study the pump activity on a molecular level. The present book is a unique historical overview from the discovery and purification of the sodium pump to its reconstitution in artificial membranes in the 20th century. This short book permits to become rapidly familiar with this fascinating biomotor and to find unique historical sources.
The Journey of a Whisper
What happens when you blow out the candles on your birthday cake? Follow the exciting travels of your breath when you make a wish and blow out the candles. See how your breath connects you to the world around you. Come with me on the exciting ride of the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) Cycle as we travel around the world.
Chemistry, Thermodynamics, and Reaction Kinetics for Environmental Engineers
This book aims to be the preeminent university chemistry textbook for environmental engineers. It provides undergraduate and graduate environmental engineering students with basic concepts and practical knowledge about chemistry that they would need throughout their professional careers.
Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials
A masterpiece in the realm of polymer science, "Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials" presents a comprehensive exploration of the cutting-edge advancements in polymer matrix nanomaterials. This reprint delves into the remarkable progress made in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of these materials, showcasing their immense potential to revolutionize various industries. With meticulous attention to detail and a profound understanding of the subject matter, this seminal work provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the field. From the fundamental principles to the latest research breakthroughs, it covers a wide spectrum of topics, including nanocomposites, nanofibers, and others. The description of the Reprint serves as a concise summary, intended to capture readers' attention and ignite their curiosity. It serves as a testament to the significant contribution this reprint makes in the field of polymer science, unveiling new avenues for scientific exploration and technological innovation.Through its eloquent prose and meticulous analysis, "Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials" establishes itself as an indispensable resource for scholars, scientists, and professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials
Metallic and ceramic materials play a significant role in the development of modern science and technology. They have a broad range of applications in various engineering fields. A proper manufacturing process, heat treatment, and forming are three main processes that can lead to obtaining metallic and ceramic materials which are created mainly to discover new or improved materials of construction, e.g., due to their strength properties. The main aim of this Special Issue was to publish original review and research articles from a wide range of research fields involving the manufacturing, heat treatment, and forming processes of metallic and ceramic materials.
The Journey of a Whisper
What happens when you blow out the candles on your birthday cake? Follow the exciting travels of your breath when you make a wish and blow out the candles. See how your breath connects you to the world around you. Come with me on the exciting ride of the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) Cycle as we travel around the world.
Study of total polyphenol levels
Honey is considered a highly complex biological compound, endowed with a great diversity of properties, both nutritional and therapeutic. It is a foodstuff produced by honeybees from nectar or honeydew. In Benin, it is mainly produced in the north and sold in pharmacies, supermarkets, small stores in big cities, village markets and even at home. Much of the current research interest focuses on the study of antioxidant molecules of natural origin. The aim of our work is firstly to carry out a physicochemical study by determining pH, and secondly to carry out a phytochemical study by determining polyphenols in our honey samples collected in northern Benin.
Natural Degradation
The rapid development of polymer science has brought convenience to people's lives. At the same time, more and more waste is produced from the use of polymer products, which causes harm to the environment. In order to protect the living environment, scholars have researched and developed the recycling technology of waste plastics. On the other hand, many contemporary medicines contain polymers as a component, so a detailed study of the decay of such polymers, at least to their exit from the body, is required.
Microstructure Engineering of Metals and Alloys
This reprint is a collection of original research papers that cover recent developments in the field of microstructure engineering of metals and alloys. Microstructure and its engineering are of high scientific and industrial interest since it is among the major factors that affect the properties and performance of metals and alloys. This reprint covers studies on microstructure effects on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys.
Calixarene Complexes
Calixarene Complexes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications II. Calixarenes have been largely exploited as ionic and neutral molecule receptors, and present an increasing number of applications in different fields.
Rheology of Ice Cream
The book titled "Rheology of Ice Cream" is organized into four chapters: ice cream manufacturing technology, rheology of ice cream, stability and rheological properties of ice creams produced with dairy by-products, and rheology of commercial and model ice creams. Chapter 2 comprises the following subchapters: rheological classification, fluid and semi-solid foods, Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, time-independent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, time-dependent fluid flows, plastic fluid flow, viscoelasticity, viscoelastic characterization of materials, stress relaxation, creep measurement, and ice-cream mix rheology.
Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior
How scientists are unravelling one of the most tantalizing questions in paleontology Our understanding of dinosaur behavior has long been hampered by the inevitable lack of evidence from animals that went extinct more than sixty-five million years ago and whose daily behaviors are rarely reflected by the fossil record. Today, with the discovery of new specimens and the development of new and cutting-edge techniques, paleontologists are making major advances in reconstructing how dinosaurs lived and acted. Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior provides an unparalleled look at this emerging field of science, presenting the latest findings on dinosaur behavior and explaining how researchers interpret the often minimal and even conflicting information available to them. David Hone begins by introducing readers to the fundamentals of dinosaur biology, diversity, and evolution, and goes on to describe behaviors across the whole range of species and groups, from feeding and communication to reproduction, sociality, and combat. Speculation about dinosaur behavior goes back to the earliest scientific studies of these "terrible lizards." Hone traces how pioneering science is opening a window into prehistoric life as never before, and discusses future directions of research in this thrilling and rapidly growing area of paleontology. Written by one of the world's leading dinosaur experts and featuring accurate color recreations by paleoartist Gabriel Ugueto along with a wealth of photos and diagrams, Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior is a foundational work on the subject and an invaluable reference for anyone interested in these amazing creatures.
Advances in the Preparation, Properties and Application of Polyurethane, Cellulose and Their Composites
Due to their excellent properties, polyurethane, cellulose and their composites have become widely used in previously unimagined areas. Given the fast-increasing consumption in recent years, the demand for advanced polyurethane- and cellulose-based composites is rapidly growing. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications and review articles focusing on innovations in polyurethane- and cellulose-based materials, including material synthesis, modification and engineering.
Recent Developments in Geopolymers and Alkali-Activated Materials
We are compiling and publishing a collection of the latest research papers in the fields of Geopolymer and Alkali-Activated Materials (AAM). This compilation includes eight original research and two review papers covering a diverse range of topics, including various raw materials, manufacturing processes, and applications in the realms of Geopolymer and AAM. The publication aims to provide comprehensive information on the raw materials, production methods, and uses within the Geopolymer and AAM.
Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures
Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures Firsthand insights on a unique class of optoelectronic materials, covering technologies and applications in catalysis, sensing, and spectroscopy Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures provides broad coverage of the field of plasmonic technologies, from fundamentals to real-world applications such as highly sensitive spectroscopy and surface analysis techniques, summarizing the recent progress in plasmonics and their applications, with a focus on comprehensive and authoritative discussions of fabrication and characterization of the materials and their technological uses. The text also addresses current trends and advances in materials for plasmonics, such as nanostructures with novel shapes, composite nanostructures, and thin films. Starting with an overview of optical properties in materials from macro- to micro- and nanoscale, the text then moves on to discuss the fundamentals and dielectric modifications and advanced characterization methods of plasmonic nanostructures. Next, the latest development of metal nanostructures, such as core-shell and porous nanorods, nanowires for conductive films, new star-like nanoplates, different open nanostructures, and metal-semiconductor composite nanostructures, are explained in detail. The final portion of the text discusses applications of plasmonics for semiconductor optoelectronic devices, catalysis, sensing, SERS (surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy), and energy. Written by a highly qualified academic, Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures covers sample topics such as: Drude model for free electron gas, dielectric function of the free electron gas, surface plasmon polaritons, plasmon at metal-vacuum interface, and surface plasmon effectsDrude-Lorentz model of metal nanoparticles, dielectric properties of complex nanostructures, optical property analysis of isolated nanoparticles, and numerical simulation of optical propertiesOne-dimensional Au nanostructures, core-shell nanostructures, alloy Au/Ag nanorods, porous nanorods, and yolk-shell nanostructuresFCC nanoplates, Au nanoplates with novel and well-defined shapes, metal decorated semiconductors, and optical properties of Au NBP-embedded nanostructures Providing complete coverage of plasmonic nanostructures and their applications in catalysis, sensing, spectroscopy, thin-film, analysis, optoelectronics, and a variety of other fields. The book about Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures is an essential resource for materials scientists, physics researchers and photochemists, along with catalytic, biomedical, and physical chemists.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium, Chromium and Manganese
The present book is part of series published on Spectrophotometric methods for determination of various transition metals. Since vanadium chromium and manganese are most important industrial metals their analysis using simple and inexpensive methods is of utmost importance. The present book is an important milestone in this area. Most of the methods described are simple yet well evidenced developed by the experts of the area. The book is written in do it yourself style in lucid and comprehensive way so that analyst with no prior expertise can use it. Academia, industry and Pharma sector analyst will be true beneficiaries of this book.
Structural Health Monitoring and Non-destructive Testing for Large-Scale Structures
Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) have gained significant importance for civil, mechanical, aerospace, and offshore structures. Nowadays, we can find SHM and NDT applications being used on various structures with very different requirements. However, the practical implementation of strategies for the detection of structural damage to real structures outside of laboratory conditions is always one of the most demanding tasks for engineers. Moreover, the processing and interpretation of the massive amount of data generated through the long-term monitoring of large and complex structures (e.g., bridges, buildings, ships, aircrafts, wind turbines, pipes, etc.) has become an emerging challenge that needs to be addressed by the community. This Topic brings together the most established as well as newly emerging SHM and NDT approaches that can be used for the detection and evaluation of defects and damage development in large-scale or full-scale structures. After a strict peer-review process, 44 papers were published, which represent the most recent progress of SHM and NDT methods/techniques for aerospace, civil, mechanical, and offshore infrastructures.
Applied Electrochemistry
This book introduces the main aspects of modern applied electrochemistry. Starting with the basics of thermodynamic background, structure of interfaces and selected techniques used in analytical and material chemistry, the authors address the principles of electrochemistry in material science: corrosion, electrocatalysis, electrodeposition, energy storage and conversion. The application of nanostructured materials in these processes, as well as interfacing of electrochemistry with biology and medicine is discussed. The final part of the book is devoted to photoelectrochemistry and solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical cells of various types. The goal of this book is to show that electrochemistry has many applications, not only for understanding of various phenomena in nowadays life but also in practical devices and can stimulate new science-enabled technologies, nourishing leaps from bench-top to large-scale industries, providing also means for protecting our environment. Creates a snapshot of the most important problems in applied electrochemistry and guides how to solve them. Gives an overview of the processes running during corrosion, electrodeposition and electrocatalysis. Focuses mainly on graduate students and those scientists who want to get a solid background knowledge of applied electrochemistry.
Sol-Gel Technology Applied to Materials Science
Rapid advances in technologies around the globe necessitate the development of new materials, nanostructures, and multicomponent composites with specific chemical and physical properties that can meet the requirements of modern technologies. Using appropriate synthetic approaches is crucial for the preparation of inorganic materials with designed microstructure and properties. Among the different technologies currently available, the sol-gel method is very well known for its versatility, simplicity, and time- and cost-efficiency. The mix of starting materials on an atomic level provides high homogeneity and stoichiometry in the products, facilitating the fabrication of high-quality materials at low temperatures. The versatility of the sol-gel method allows for the development of materials for a wide range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and many other areas. The scope of this Special Issue of Materials, entitled "Sol-Gel Technology Applied to Materials Science: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications", focuses on, but is not limited to, the preparation, characterization, and application of functional inorganic materials, as well as hybrid materials, which are important in the field of catalysis, electronics, optics, biomedicine, etc.
Innovative Nanomaterial Properties and Applications in Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, or Environment
This Special Issue, "Innovative Nanomaterial Properties and Applications in Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, or Environment", focused on (i) the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers; (ii) nanostructures (graphene, zeolites, membrane, etc.), coatings, and thin films; (iii) the correlation between the chemical composition, morphology, surface, and magnetic properties of nanostructured materials; (iv) the thermal behaviour of ceramic pigments with applications in glazes; (v) nanomaterials for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis; (vi) nanomaterials for water purification; (vii) nanomaterials for the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants; and (viii) nanomaterials for biosensing and biomedical applications. This Special Issue includes 12 original research papers and highlights the development of synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures of different natures with various applications in chemistry, physics, medicine, biology, and the environment.
Recent Trends of Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications
We explore the cutting-edge realm of 'Recent Trends in Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications' through this insightful reprint. Morever, we delve into the new advancements in nanotechnology where functional nanomaterials are revolutionizing biomedicine and healthcare. This reprint uncovers the latest advancements, applications, and the transformative potential of these nanomaterials, offering a glimpse into the future of healthcare innovation. From targeted drug delivery to advanced imaging technologies, this reprint captures the essence of how nanomaterials are reshaping the landscape of modern healthcare
Functional Polymer Composites
Functional polymer composites are showing increasing potential as materials in chemistry and materials science. Polymer composites, including nanocomposites, are made via the incorporation of fillers in polymer matrices and offer many advantages. The properties of polymer composites are further improved via the surface modification of fillers or the matrix phase. Currently, there is an increasing demand for smart materials based on eco-friendly polymers for a wide variety of applications. Therefore, functional polymer composites are essential for the development of new technologies. This reprint aims to conduct rigorous research focused on innovative smart materials that make significant contributions to nanotechnology.
Repair and Strengthening of Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures
It is crucial that we strengthen existing structures worldwide, especially in earthquake-prone areas. Recent earthquakes have highlighted the inadequacy of many existing structures, which have been damaged from previous powerful earthquakes and have been designed without code provisions or according to old code provisions that are now obsolete. Furthermore, the majority of existing buildings in low- and middle-income countries have been constructed using substandard materials and without application of code provisions; therefore, the structural vulnerability in these areas is highly concerning.Recently, there has been enormous development in novel construction materials that could be effectively utilised to protect existing structures and to enhance structural resilience. This Special Issue provides an overview of the latest scientific advancements in the development of novel technologies for durable earthquake-resistant Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. These studies are focused on the development and application of innovative repair and strengthening techniques using novel composite and high-performance materials for the structural performance improvement and improved durability of existing RC structures.
Spin-While-Burn
This book explains the challenges and advancements in cutting precise cylindrical shapes on difficult materials through spark erosion. Titled "Spin while Burn," it addresses the drawbacks associated with this process, including unsatisfactory surface finish and limited productivity. Despite utilizing advanced computing and statistical optimization methods, achieving the ideal balance between material removal rate (MRR) and surface quality remains elusive. In response, the book introduces a hybrid ultrasonic-assisted approach in the wire electrical discharge turning (WEDT) process. By integrating a rotating workpiece with ultrasonic vibration, the authors evaluate its impact on MRR and surface finish. Through meticulous design experiments and statistical analysis, they explore various cutting parameters and machining paths. The book highlights the characterization of machined surfaces through elemental analysis and surface morphology evaluations. The results demonstrate the positiveeffects of integrating ultrasonic vibration into WEDT, even without optimized ultrasonic parameters. By reducing electrode wire debris and employing multi-objective parameter optimization using the genetic algorithm, significant improvements are achieved in MRR and surface roughness compared to conventional WEDT. "Spin while Burn" consists of five chapters, delving into the challenges, history, principles, performance, and future perspectives of the Spin-while-Burn process in manufacturing. This comprehensive book offers valuable insights into enhancing surface quality and productivity in the cutting of precise cylindrical shapes on challenging materials through spark erosion.
Biomolecules and Drugs
This book emphasizes biomolecules and drugs. The first two chapters of this book focus on biomolecules, namely carbohydrates, their classification, preparation, properties, and uses of glucose, fructose, starch, and cellulose. The third chapter covered the significance, classification, and clinical relevance of vitamins. The preparation, structures, and therapeutic uses of anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antipyretics, antibacterials, antimalarials, antibiotics, and anaesthetics were deliberated in a concise manner in the fourth and fifth chapters. The chapters discussed in this book were useful to students who are pursuing bachelor's degrees in chemistry, biochemistry, and microbiology.
Polymer Membranes
Explore the comprehensive landscape of polymer membrane applications in this book, encompassing gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water desalination, and fuel cells. The text delves into the subtle influence of polymer membranes on energy efficiency across diverse industries, spotlighting advanced variants such as bio-based, mixed matrix, and polyimides-based membranes. Offering an in-depth analysis, the book elucidates the discovery, development, and challenges associated with these state-of-the-art materials, underscoring their role in achieving enhanced performance and energy efficiency.
Quantum Physics and Life
This book reveals glimpses of how the quantum physics of atoms and molecules influences, and even controls, the way our cells function and how we and our fellow animals interact with our environment. Simply put, how birds fly and why grass grows.Certainly, biochemistry and molecular biology are the foundations for the biology of living cells, but there is more--quantum coherence and entanglement influencing the functioning of proteins and enzymes, and strictly speaking, without the quantum phenomena we wouldn't even be here.In the end, however, this book is based on the solid ground of science, presenting the many fascinating phenomena of how quantum physics makes life possible without any unwarranted mystification.
Environmental Analytical Chemistry
The domain of environmental analytical chemistry includes all analytical aspects of studies related to environmental problems and their management. The analysis of organic, inorganic, and radioactive pollutants in air, water, soil, and biota is quite a challenging task at a time of large social development and climate change. In addition, the development of new analytical methods or the improvement of existing ones for the monitoring of pollutants is of paramount importance for achieving such goals. The other important task is the implementation of appropriate methods and procedures for pollution risk assessment, revealing sources, pathways of exposure, trends, and the spatial distribution of analyzed pollutants.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Recently, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantageous properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, natural and synthetic polymers are versatile materials that offer several advantages for the therapy and diagnosis of a vast range of diseases and health conditions. Encapsulating therapeutic agents in polymeric NPs allows for sustained drug release, which improves drug efficacy and safety, reduces unwanted side effects, and enhances patient acceptance and compliance. This Special Issue presents the most recent insights on advanced polymeric NPs and their current applications in healthcare, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
Advanced Graphene and Graphene Oxide Materials
Graphene and graphene oxide are widely applied as successful sorbent materials for various compounds obtained from biosamples and surface water samples. Therefore, they are suitable for future use in numerous biomedical and environmental applications.Moreover, their functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles can lead to magnetic sorbents, thus allowing convenient sample treatment via magnetic separation.To date, a plethora of graphene and graphene oxide materials have been synthesized and successfully employed for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from environmental and biological samples. The unique properties of these materials enrich the analytical toolbox available for the analysis of various organic compounds in various matrices and make them precise and valuable means for handling analytical and environmental issues.This Special Issue was supported by the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society.Eleven manuscripts, namely seven research articles, three reviews and one communication are included in this SI.
Recycled Polymers
The efficient ecodesign of secondary raw materials from recycled multiphase polymer systems is performed through the study of various things, such as: The compatibility of mixtures of recycled polymers where work on knowledge of the miscibility of mixtures depends on the different rates and the nature of the constituents;The aging of recycled polymers in terms of the structuring of end-of-life polymers, which may have changed their starting structure due to degradation or aging;The compatibility of mixtures of polymers recycled by additive treatments and/or reactive pre-treatments and integration of coupling agents or reactants in situ at the interface of the mixtures; this compatibility can be linked beforehand to reactive pre-treatments (plasma, corona, heat/chemical treatments) on each of the phases.The selection of these three themes follows a study cycle logic on the development of formulations of blends of recycled polymers, in which compatibilization affects the morphology and therefore the miscibility of blends of polymers in relation to their structure.
Structural Health Monitoring and Non-destructive Testing for Large-Scale Structures
Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) have gained significant importance for civil, mechanical, aerospace, and offshore structures. Nowadays, we can find SHM and NDT applications being used on various structures with very different requirements. However, the practical implementation of strategies for the detection of structural damage to real structures outside of laboratory conditions is always one of the most demanding tasks for engineers. Moreover, the processing and interpretation of the massive amount of data generated through the long-term monitoring of large and complex structures (e.g., bridges, buildings, ships, aircrafts, wind turbines, pipes, etc.) has become an emerging challenge that needs to be addressed by the community. This Topic brings together the most established as well as newly emerging SHM and NDT approaches that can be used for the detection and evaluation of defects and damage development in large-scale or full-scale structures. After a strict peer-review process, 44 papers were published, which represent the most recent progress of SHM and NDT methods/techniques for aerospace, civil, mechanical, and offshore infrastructures.
Advanced Nanoscale Materials for Thermoelectric Applications
This Special Issue covers preparations, measurements, devices, and applications based on thermoelectric nanomaterials and summarizes the latest developments towards highly efficient thermoelectric nanomaterials and thermoelectric devices.
The Philosopher's Sky or The Secrets Of Nature
In this first-ever English translation of "Coelum Philosophorum seu de Secretis Naturae Liber," Christopher Templesage unveils the arcane world of alchemy as articulated by Philippo Ulstadio Patricio. This seminal work, a meticulous treatise on alchemical distillation, now accessible to the English-speaking world, guides readers through the construction and usage of sophisticated alchemical apparatus. It delves into the pursuit of the quinta essentia, prima materia, and universal salt, illuminating the path to the philosopher's stone. This translation is a must-have for contemporary practitioners and scholars, bridging ancient alchemical wisdom and modern scientific inquiry.
Molar Volumes and Jone Dole Coefficients of Dihydropyrimidines and Its Derivatives
This present book "Molar Volumes and Jone Dole Coefficients of Dihydropyrimidines and its Derivatives". The book describes the synthesis and characterization of biologically active dihydropyrimidines and its derivatives. Different parameters such as apparent molar volume, Falkenhagen coefficient, John-Dole coefficient of dihydropyrimidines have been evaluated using density and viscosity measurement in 60 per cent aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at 313.15 K using different concentration ranging from 0.0002 to 0.01 M using Masson s equation. Such parameters gives identification of molecular interactions in ternary system.
The Zim獺nyi School and Analytic Hydrodynamics in High Energy Physics
In collisions of relativistic heavy ions, specific circumstances (energy density, temperature, and pressure) allow for the emergence of a matter that is similar to the one that filled the universe in the first few microseconds. At present, this matter is called the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP), and since it becomes locally thermalized quite early, equations of hydro- and thermodynamics can be utilized to describe its time evolution. Hydrodynamics is a theory that has no internal scale; hence, it can be applied to systems of vastly different sizes, and sQGP is one of them. Analytic solutions utilizing the speed of sound and transport properties shed light on special connections between the final and initial state properties of this matter. Zim獺nyi and his collaborators were among the pioneers of this sub-field, and hence, it is one of the main topics of the annual Zim獺nyi School Winter Workshops. In this reprint, we include papers that address the analytic aspects of hydrodynamics and utilize them to describe sQGP. Furthermore, we include papers that were presented at the Zim獺nyi School 2018 on topics such as effective theories, diffraction, femtoscopy, heavy flavor physics, jets, lattice QCD, the search for the QCD critical point, or vorticity in heavy-ion collisions.
Radiopharmaceuticals
The purpose of this Special Issue was to host research and review papers on Radiopharmaceuticals in line with the three previous Special Issues that I have Guest Edited for Molecules. This subject may vary from radioactive isotope production, the synthesis of precures, radioactive labeling reactions, to the purification of radiopharmaceuticals to quality control and regulatory efforts, which are required prior to using radiopharmaceuticals in humans. This Special Issue contains 17 original research papers, 1 communication, 5 reviews, and 1 editorial review all within the area of radiochemistry.
Past, Present, and Future of Radiochemical Synthesis
The purpose of this Special Issue was to host research and review papers on the past, present, and future of radiochemical synthesis. The Special Issue contains nine original research papers and two reviews within the area of radiochemistry. These address how and why a certain radioactive compound has been prepared, how a radioactive compound has taken our understanding of a biological system to a different level, how a radiopharmaceutical can be used for treatment, and/or how a radioactive compound has improved our understanding of a certain drug (binding pattern and/or metabolization of the drug).
Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Use in Drug Development
The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring together research and review papers that use radiopharmaceuticals in drug development. Labeling a potential drug with a radionuclide for imaging and injecting radiopharmaceuticals into animals or humans can immediately provide information about the in vivo destiny of the compound through the application of PET or SPECT scanners. Radionuclides can be useful throughout the whole process of developing new drugs; in particular, if the results obtained are negative and the potential drug can be discarded early on in the process, considerable effort and money can be saved. An alternative way to obtain information about the in vivo destiny/effect of a potential drug is to imagine, for example, a target organ or a tumor with radiopharmaceuticals before and after treatment with a drug. Determining how a drug is metabolized is an integrated part of drug development. Labeling a drug with a radionuclide and providing it with a radioactive tag can help in subsequently determining its location and quantifying metabolites. If the metabolites can be extracted, the solutions can be examined through analytical measurements. Using ionizing radiation in the treatment of tumors is also an application for radiopharmaceuticals which is expected to expand greatly in the years to come. By labeling a specific compound with a radionuclide used for diagnostics we can establish whether it accumulates in the tumor. The same compound is thereafter combined with a radionuclide for treatment.This Special Issue contains seven original research papers, one communication, and two reviews.
Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics
This textbook presents the fundamentals of statistical thermodynamics and electronic structure theory and focuses on introducing the central concepts of thermodynamics and their relation to microscopic theories in a conceptually clear and simple way. The emphasis is on the description of what is going on at the microscopic level, which allows readers to understand the various facets of entropy as the fundamental driving force of all material behaviors. An atomistic perspective is introduced from the beginning, highlighting the importance of molecular structure and microscopic degrees of freedom for understanding the thermodynamic properties of materials, such as heat capacity and magnetization. Because of their importance in various research fields, classical and quantum aspects are treated equally, allowing modern research topics to be addressed with molecular simulation and electronic structure theory. It is a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in chemistry, physics, and materials science, and its modular structure makes it suitable for any reader.
Advances and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Remarkable applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are already uncountable, but their potential is undoubtedly yet to be fully developed. Therefore, this reprint gathers original (numerical and experimental) studies that embrace: Development and application of novel tailored CNT-based (nano)materials; Development and application of CNT-based building blocks in the design of sensors; Development and application of CNT and CNT-based (nano)materials in (electro)catalysis; Development and application of CNT in analytical chemistry; Development and application of CNT for environmental sustainability; Development and application of CNT and CNT-based (nano)materials in materials science; Development and application of CNT and CNT-based (nano)materials in drug delivery systems; Advances in CNT and CNT-based (nano)materials synthesis and characterization; Advances in CNT functionalization; Advances in tailoring CNT-based (nano)composites.
Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis
This book collects articles published in a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis". Transition metal catalysis is a powerful methodology for the direct synthesis of functionalized, high value-added molecules by the assembly of simple units in one step, and is acquiring increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. The book presents seven papers overall, two reviews and five original research articles, dealing with Pd-catalyzed arylation, Rh-catalyzed synthesis of organosulfur compounds, Rh-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation, V-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons, and Zn-, Pd- and Rh-catalyzed cyclization processes, leading to heterocyclic derivatives.
Natural Poisons and Venoms
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs. Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading. The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen. All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included: All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications. The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure. Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes: Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1 Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8 Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5 Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
