Sisters of Prometheus
This comprehensive book portrays the long-overdue recognition of women's work in chemistry, which only materialized with their late access to universities. Besides describing their scientific triumphs, it unveils the human side of the characters involved, providing an intimate perspective, often supported by extracts from their correspondence. By delving into their personal stories, struggles, and successes, this book brings these women to life. Written with simplicity and rigor, it aims to inspire and educate readers of all backgrounds about the extraordinary scientific achievements of these trailblazing women.
Sisters of Prometheus
This monograph explores the participation of women in alchemy, chemical crafts, and the early stages of modern chemistry. By contextualizing their achievements within the broader social, cultural, and scientific landscapes of their time, this book enables readers to seize the challenges these women confronted and the obstacles they triumphed over. Alongside narrating how they shaped the development of chemistry, including their contributions to the body of chemical literature, it also emphasizes pivotal moments and milestones in the history of women's emancipation. The book's comprehensive and integrative approach, complemented by engaging storytelling, renders it an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and general readers alike.
Rheology of Honey
Honey is a beekeeping product obtained through the transformation and processing of nectar by bees, which is then stored in the cells of the honeycombs to serve as food for the hive population. Obtaining honey has always been the primary purpose of beekeeping, both in the past and present. Bee honey was the first sweet substance used by humans, being particularly valued by priests in various rituals. Among other uses, honey was involved in the preparation of an alcoholic drink to which pollen and yeasts from honeycombs were added. The oldest documents related to honey are two fragments written in the Sumerian language. The book entitled "Rheology of Honey" is structured into five chapters: the rheological behavior of bee honey, a theoretical and experimental study of honey's viscosity in three Southern States of Nigeria with applications of Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) and Power Law (PL) models, rheological properties of honey, a comparative study of rheological characterization and classification of honeys with their physicochemical properties, and the temperature effect on the rheological behavior of Portuguese honeys.
Synthesis of Sulfonamide by Metal Catalyzed Sulfonamidation
A sulfonamide is the basis of several sulfa drugs. So a lot of work has gone into creating new sulfonamides using metal-free synthesis, which either uses sulfinate salts as intermediates or reacts amino compounds with sulfonyl chlorides. Unfortunately, the processes used to synthesize sulfonyl chlorides-such as oxidative chlorination of organ sulfur and electrophilic aromatic substitution with chlorosulfonic acid-often suffer from severe reaction conditions, a narrow range of applicability. So this book discusses numerous effective techniques such as transition-metals-catalyzed synthesis developed for the synthesis of sulfonamide.
Biopolymer obtained from starch
Polymers are responsible for a large part of environmental degradation because they are derived from petroleum, i.e. they are non-renewable sources and take hundreds of years to decompose. The general objective of this work is to produce a biopolymer from cassava starch, and the specific objectives are to extract the starch from cassava, promote the acid hydrolysis of the starch using 0.1M hydrochloric acid, develop the biopolymer and analyze the decomposition time of this biopolymer. To extract this starch, a number of unit operations were carried out during the extraction process, the main ones being crushing, straining, decanting and drying the starch, which was then weighed into 5 grams and heated together with water, during this heating, 6 ml of 0.1M hydrochloric acid was added in order to promote the acid hydrolysis (breakdown) of the starch, and in order for this biopolymer to acquire a more malleable form, it is necessary to add a plasticizing agent, to which 4 ml of glycerol (glycerin) was added.
Nutritional enrichment of cupcakes from coconut mesocarp
The aim of this work was to obtain and characterise coconut mesocarp bran and add it to the nutritional enrichment of cupcakes in different proportions. The cupcakes were made in three different formulations (standard, 1% and 3%). The samples were subjected to physico-chemical analyses of moisture, ash, pH, acidity, protein, lipids, fibre and total soluble sugars. They were also subjected to hygiene and health assessment (coliform at 45 簞C, coagulase positive staphylococcus, Salmonella sp, moulds and yeasts, Escherichia coli). The sensory analysis was carried out with 146 untrained tasters, samples were presented in individual booths, in a monadic and randomised manner, checking the attributes appearance, colour, flavour, aroma, texture, overall acceptance by the affective method, using the product acceptance test. The cupcake samples showed satisfactory sanitary conditions in relation to the hygiene and health assessment, while in relation to their chemical composition they showed protein (4.90%), lipid (5.93%) and fibre (1.13%) levels, which could make them a food rich in fibre and protein.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY for Preparatory Classes
This book, entitled "Cristallographie pour classes pr矇paratoires", is intended for second-year students in the Maths-Physique, Physique-Chimie and Technologie preparatory classes. The content of this book follows the official program of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for preparatory classes. The first chapter covers the basics of crystallography, presenting the interaction of a polycrystalline powder with X-ray diffraction (Debye and Scherrer methods). The second chapter describes compact stacks: the cubic ABC type and the compact hexagonal AB type. Semi-compact (centered cubic) and non-compact (simple cubic) stacks are also described. In the third chapter, the different families of MX-type ionic crystals are explained in detail: CsCl, NaCl, ZnS (blende). The MX2 type: fluorite (CaF2) and antifluorite M2X (Na2O).Finally, the last chapter is devoted to covalent carbon crystals. Diamond carbon has cubic symmetry, while graphite has hexagonal symmetry. The clarity of the topics covered in this
Notes on Complexity
2024 Nautilus Book Award Winner * The Marginalian Favorite Books of 2023An electrifying introduction to complexity theory, the science of how complex systems behave, that explains the interconnectedness of all things and that Deepak Chopra says, "will change the way you understand yourself and the universe."Nothing in the universe is more complex than life. Throughout the skies, in oceans, and across lands, life is endlessly on the move. In its myriad forms--from cells to human beings, social structures, and ecosystems--life is open-ended, evolving, unpredictable, yet adaptive and self-sustaining. Complexity theory addresses the mysteries that animate science, philosophy, and metaphysics: how this teeming array of existence, from the infinitesimal to the infinite, is in fact a seamless living whole and what our place, as conscious beings, is within it.The implications of complexity theory are profound, providing insight into everything from the permeable boundaries of our bodies to the nature of consciousness. Notes on Complexity is an invitation to trade our limited, individualistic view for the expansive perspective of a universe that is dynamic, cohesive, and alive--a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Physician, scientist, and philosopher Neil Theise takes us to the exhilarating frontiers of human knowledge and in the process restores wonder and meaning to our experience of the everyday.
Chemistry teaching and everyday life in the education of citizens
This work was born out of the desire to contribute to and build a meaningful education for both the student and the educator. To educate for life, with meaning, an understanding of the world and the applicability of knowledge in everyday life so that chemistry is understood and comprehended in the formation of citizens. So, first of all, I would like to thank God, the builder of life, the master of knowledge; my parents, who are now absent, who gave me the opportunities and the unconditional and immortal love they dedicated to me throughout their beautiful earthly passages; I would also like to thank the rest of my family and friends for their collaboration, understanding and dedication; and the teachers for their exchange of knowledge and ethical behaviour. I dedicate this study to my great friend and teacher Daniel Rodrigues Vieira, who left so soon, but left his great contribution to my personal and professional development.
Inorganic Chemistry
No detailed description available for "Inorganic Chemistry".
Gout and Antioxidants
"The Gout and Antioxidants: The Invisible Antagonists" is a comprehensive work that explores oxidative stress and its impact on health in depth. The book's chapters offer a detailed insight into the role of uric acid as an antioxidant, its links to oxidative stress and gout, and strategies for modulating these aspects in the context of gout. In addition, new targeted therapies and clinical implications for gout management are discussed, as is the crucial importance of glutathione in safeguarding vitamin B12 during intestinal transit. This book offers a comprehensive and enlightened view of a subject that is crucial to human health.
Enhancing Nano Additive Oils
The book entitled "Enhancing Nano Additive Oils: Rheological & Tribological Optimization" is structured into 4 chapters: Study of vegetable lubricants used as additives, rheological behavior of lubricants based on soybean oil, nano additives, tribological performance and rheological properties of engine oil with graphene nano-additives, and optimization of the rheological properties and tribological performance of SAE 5w-30 base oil with added MWCNTs. Chapter 1 includes the subchapters: SWOT analysis of vegetable oil-based lubricants, nano additives for lubricants, and research in the field of vegetable oils. Chapter 2 includes the subchapters: the goal, experimental test stand, experimental methodology, results on the dependence of viscosity on shear rate, variation of dynamic viscosity with temperature, and modeling the dependence of dynamic viscosity with temperature. Chapter 3 includes the subchapters: introduction, experimental procedures, materials, characterization of the GNs, nanolubricant processing and testing equipment, rheological and tribological examinations, measurement properties, kinematic viscosity measurement, results, and discussions.
Deep Tissue Insights
Light interacts with matter in various ways. CRS microscopy relies on a specific type of light-matter interaction known as Raman scattering. When light impinges on a molecule, it can inelastically scatter, meaning the molecule absorbs some energy and re-emits light at a slightly different frequency. This shift in frequency, known as the Raman shift, is unique to each molecule and acts as its spectral fingerprint. CRS microscopy leverages this principle to generate detailed chemical maps of a sample. By focusing a laser beam onto the sample and analyzing the scattered light, researchers can identify the specific molecules present based on their characteristic Raman shifts. Unlike traditional Raman spectroscopy, CRS microscopy employs coherent light sources, allowing for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and deeper tissue penetration.
The Symphony of Atoms
"The Symphony of Atoms: Understanding Crystal Structure and Symmetry" dives into the captivating world of crystals, where atoms arrange themselves in a beautiful and orderly dance. Unveiling the secrets of crystal structure, the book explores the concept of symmetry, the underlying principle that governs this atomic ballet. You'll learn how different arrangements create diverse crystal forms, each with unique properties that influence everything from the sparkle of a diamond to the conductivity of a computer chip. By delving into the science behind these structures, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate order hidden within the seemingly ordinary. "The Symphony of Atoms" is a fascinating journey for anyone curious about the hidden world of crystals and the mesmerizing interplay of atoms.
Quality of coconut water sold in the hinterland of Para穩ba and Cear獺
Coconut water is considered a natural isotonic, rich in nutrients and highly attractive due to its nutritional value and taste. Its consumption has increased considerably, especially in industrialized form in the Northeast of Brazil, where the largest plantations of the green dwarf coconut palm are concentrated, making it essential to evaluate its quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory quality of industrialized coconut water samples sold in the sert瓊o region of Para穩ba and Cear獺. High bacterial counts were detected in the samples analyzed, stored under refrigeration, thus possibly indicating the use of contaminated raw materials, flaws in processing, distribution and/or storage, which are directly related to the unsatisfactory time/temperature binomial. The values found for moulds and yeasts are considered high, characterizing coconut water as unfit for consumption. According to the results, it is essential for the industry to implement and monitor Good Manufacturing Practices for those who bottle and sell coconut water in this region.
Bio-Based Polymers’ Application and Technology for Better Quality of Life
This reprint, intended as a reference for researchers and scholars working on sustainable polymers and their application, features some relevant examples of the use of bio-based polymers in various areas and technological fields, making these materials more tangible and contributing to building a better quality of life and a greener environment through fascinating research and innovation.
Natural resource exploitation
This manuscript describes the dyeing properties of some textile materials using biological extracts from walnut and malt fungi. Also, cellulosic materials were printed with colloidal metal nanoparticles obtained by reduction of metals by biological aqueous extracts. In the second part, raw and modified biomaterials were used as adsorbents for carcinogenic dyes. Almond waste, date waste and shrimp shell waste were used. In the final section, nanoparticles were prepared from lignin extracted from poplar fibers and aqueous extracts of oleander, pergularia and malta fungi plants, and used for dye degradation.
Supramolecular Chemistry
This introductory textbook on supramolecular chemistry is a thoroughly revised and expanded version of the 1st edition, originally published in 2020. All chapters have been brought up to date and now include "Further Reading" sections that highlight relevant developments. In addition, a new chapter on supramolecular polymers has been added. With these changes, this book provides an even more comprehensive introduction to the exciting field of supramolecular chemistry than before. Readers will learn what forces hold supramolecular architectures together, how supramolecular systems are created and characterized, how molecular switches, motors, transporters, catalysts, chemosensors, and other functional systems work, and where supramolecular chemistry can play or already plays a role in our lives. In 2022 the first edition of this book won the Literature Prize of the German Chemical Industry Association VCI. For the full press release (in German): https: //www.vci.de/fonds/presse-und-infos/pressemitteilungen/preisgeld-fuer-supramolekuele.jsp
Aptamer Generation and Bioapplication
Aptamers are bioaffinity molecules with many advantages, including in vitro generation, low cost, and a wide acceptance of chemical modification. Combined with transduction technologies, aptamers can be further utilized to develop aptasensors, which have superior merits of low cost, rapid response, high sensitivity and selectivity, etc. Thus, aptamers and aptasensors have excellent bioapplication potential in the field of analytical chemistry, in areas such as disease diagnosis, food analysis, environment monitoring, etc. This Special Issue is devoted to the dissemination of research on aptamer generation and bioapplication. We will cover a wide range of advanced studies on aptamer-related exploration in the scope of this Special Issue.
Advances Research of Volatile Compounds, Composition, Stability and Thermal Behavior of Foods
This Special Issue covers topics such as the thermal behaviour of solid food products; flavour analysis of foods and volatile profile; volatile compounds in food and their transformation during processing; volatile oils used for improving food stability; chromatographic methods in food analysis; spectroscopic methods in food analysis; physico-chemical characterization and metal content in drinking water; metal composition of foods; and food active packaging and superior valorisation of food raw materials.
Microstructure and Properties in Metals and Alloys, 2nd Volume
Microstructure design is key in targeting the desired material's properties. It is therefore essential to understand the relationship between the properties and the microstructure, as well as what is driving them via a specific process, while also considering nay additive techniques. The following five journals participate in this Topic: Coatings, Alloys, Crystals, Materials, and Metals. Contributions related to microstructure design and characterization are collected in this Topic, together with their relation to the mechanical, fatigue, wear, and corrosion resistance of different kinds of metals and alloys. The goal of this Topic is to present contributions related to the relationship between the microstructure and properties of metals and alloys for different applications, including aeronautical and aerospace applications. Different process routes are considered (thermo-mechanical routes and additive manufacturing) in this Topic. Welding is a mandatory issue in many applications; this is why contributions related to welding are also included in this Topic. The Topic includes 19 research papers, 1 communication, and 2 review papers. Among those, 11 papers were published in Metals, 8 papers in Materials, 2 in Crystals, and 1 in Coatings, covering several aspects concerning microstructure-properties relations in metals and alloys.
Introduction to Biological Crystallography
In the living world, the mechanisms that make us breathe, digest, grow or move an arm involve molecules made up of thousands of atoms, called macromolecules. These macromolecules are constantly circulating, interacting and deforming. Visualising these macromolecules at the atomic level is a unique tool for understanding their function and for designing drugs, inhibitors or activators. When using the three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule, it is essential to keep a critical eye. To do this, we need to understand how the structure was obtained.X-ray crystallography is a historical method of using X-rays and crystals to determine the three-dimensional atomic structure of molecules. It is also the most widely used.The main audience for this book is biological scientists, although it will appeal to anyone interested in structural biology. It introduces the different steps involved in biological crystallography, from crystallisation to the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule. This book is a companion to the MOOC Voyage au coeur du vivant avec des rayons X: la cristallographie . It can be used as a companion or on its own. Thanks to the videos available through the QR codes at the end of each chapter, sites normally closed to the public are opened up to offer you a unique journey to the heart of life.
Laboratory Manual for Chemistry Experiments
This lab manual is a must-have handbook for experiments on Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry as well as applied fields like Water Testing. The main focus is on facilitating lucid and simple explanation so that the student can perform the experiments with ease. It includes an introductory account of safely rules for working in the chemical laboratory and laboratory discipline. Every experiment includes a summary of the theory, reactions, aims and objects, apparatus and procedure with diagrams to enable the students to perform the experiments. Each experiment set introduces a theoretical principle and the needed equipment and chemicals. Various calculations have been explained in a simple manner where included. This book will serve as a ready reckoner for Undergraduate and Postgraduate students of Chemistry.
Building Blocks of Electrons
"Building Blocks of Electrons: A Historical Perspective on Superlattice Design" dives into the fascinating world of superlattices, engineered materials with tailored properties. This book likely explores the concept from a historical viewpoint, tracing the development of superlattices from their theoretical foundations to their practical applications. Imagine stacking ultra-thin layers of different materials, like a microscopic sandwich. By carefully choosing these materials and their thicknesses, scientists can create a new material with properties not found in nature. The book might delve into how these "building blocks" of electrons, meaning the way electrons behave within the material, are manipulated through superlattice design. Expect to learn about the pioneering scientists who laid the groundwork for superlattices, the challenges and triumphs faced in their development, and how this technology has revolutionized various fields. From advances in electronics and optoelectronics to exploring the exotic properties of quantum materials, "Building Blocks of Electrons" offers a historical journey into the world of superlattice design.
Heterocyclic Anti-Inflammatory Agents
This book summarizes the cutting-edge experimental research on heterocyclic compounds used as anti-inflammatory agents in ten chapters. Each chapter is authored by experts in medicinal chemistry and is supplemented with scientific references for advanced reading. The book covers several types of heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives including - pyrimidine and pyrimidinone derivatives - 1,2,3, and 1,2,4 triazoles - imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives - oxazole, oxadiazole, isoxazoline, and oxazoline derivatives - thiazole and thiazolidinone derivatives - pyrazole and pyrazoline - carbazoles and their derivatives - azipines, quinolines, and coumarins This is a timely reference for medicinal chemists interested in developing new heterocycles for anti-inflammatory drugs. Contributors have discussed the effects of these compounds on different types of inflammation and their evolution in drug development as a therapeutic agent to give a wider perspective to readers.
Evaluation of Water Quality
This study evaluated the quality of groundwater from Nkoro community, Rivers State, Nigeria in order to prevent outbreak of water borne diseases. The water samples were collected from selected drinking-water sources including a hand dug well and boreholes. Water samples were collected from six different locations, and were evaluated for its suitability in both wet and dry seasons using the American Public Health Association standard method for water analyses. Water quality indices (WQI) for the following seven (17) parameters were calculated, such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, colour and chloride. Heavy metals and some microbial parameters showed significant differences which were above regulatory standards limits of World Health Organization (WHO) and the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON).
Notes on Thermodynamics
This title is a supplement to lectures and tutorials in a Thermodynamics course and also serves as a guide to more comprehensive texts. Rather than merely hurrying through the principles and then dealing with applications, the book presents the scientific method by discussing the science of thermodynamics starting from empirical observations that are relatable to students. For example, the book uses everyday experiences, such as a cup of hot tea cooling spontaneously, to arrive at the Second Law and Entropy through the idea of the heat engine. All the fundamentals are covered and illustrated with examples that resonate with the broad concerns and interests of students who take STEM classes today. The book examines the thermodynamics of hydrogen and gasoline engines, fuel cells versus the explosive combustion of hydrogen, how efficiently organisms and Spiderman utilize energy, the fizzing of a can of soda and decompression sickness, and how atmospheric carbon dioxide affects ocean pH and, worryingly, dissolves the calcium carbonate shells of marine animals, and also, what might happen if you inadvertently fall into a salt lake.Thermodynamics is presented as the macroscopic approach to understanding Nature when heat is involved. The book draws upon the idea of microstates where that clarifies the macroscopic ideas: entropy of mixing of gases is linked to Boltzmann and Gibbs' entropy formulations, thus motivating the formulation of the chemical potential of non-ideal systems in terms of their activities. Thermodynamics contains deep insight into the passage of Time. In the discussions of the Second Law the book highlights this, emphasizing that all the processes we observe in our universe are irreversible.Adopting an informal and readable style without compromising the rigour in this book, the goal is to help a broad audience of students appreciate the essential meaning of the Laws of Thermodynamics and to apply the fundamental framework at an elementary level.
High-Order Harmonic Generation in Solids
'High-order harmonics emerging from the interaction of strong laser fields with solid matter constitute a novel, highly sensitive tool for interrogating electronic structure and dynamics in solids. At the interface of attosecond physics and condensed matter physics, this book provides an excellent overview of the current state of the art.'Ferenc KrauszNobel Laureate in Physics, 2023High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, the nonlinear upconversion of coherent radiation resulting from the interaction of a strong and short laser pulse with bulk matter, has come of age. Since the seminal experiments and theoretical developments, there has been a constant and vibrant interest in this topic. In this book, we invite experimental and theoretical experts in the field with the aim to summarize the progress made so far and propose new possibilities and prospects for the generation of high-order harmonics using solid samples. Nowadays, it is possible to engineer, both spatially and temporally with nanometric and attosecond resolution, the driven fields. This could bring solid HHG to the next exciting frontier as novel and fully tunable table-top coherent sources.
Notes on Thermodynamics
This title is a supplement to lectures and tutorials in a Thermodynamics course and also serves as a guide to more comprehensive texts. Rather than merely hurrying through the principles and then dealing with applications, the book presents the scientific method by discussing the science of thermodynamics starting from empirical observations that are relatable to students. For example, the book uses everyday experiences, such as a cup of hot tea cooling spontaneously, to arrive at the Second Law and Entropy through the idea of the heat engine. All the fundamentals are covered and illustrated with examples that resonate with the broad concerns and interests of students who take STEM classes today. The book examines the thermodynamics of hydrogen and gasoline engines, fuel cells versus the explosive combustion of hydrogen, how efficiently organisms and Spiderman utilize energy, the fizzing of a can of soda and decompression sickness, and how atmospheric carbon dioxide affects ocean pH and, worryingly, dissolves the calcium carbonate shells of marine animals, and also, what might happen if you inadvertently fall into a salt lake.Thermodynamics is presented as the macroscopic approach to understanding Nature when heat is involved. The book draws upon the idea of microstates where that clarifies the macroscopic ideas: entropy of mixing of gases is linked to Boltzmann and Gibbs' entropy formulations, thus motivating the formulation of the chemical potential of non-ideal systems in terms of their activities. Thermodynamics contains deep insight into the passage of Time. In the discussions of the Second Law the book highlights this, emphasizing that all the processes we observe in our universe are irreversible.Adopting an informal and readable style without compromising the rigour in this book, the goal is to help a broad audience of students appreciate the essential meaning of the Laws of Thermodynamics and to apply the fundamental framework at an elementary level.
Presence and use of heterocycles for therapeutic purposes
Approximately two-thirds of chemistry publications deal in some way with heterocycles, due to their structural diversity. Their innumerable properties and virtues. A very large number of substances and natural or synthetic drugs are in fact heterocycles.Many heterocyclic compounds are used in agriculture as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, pesticides, etc. They are also used as sensitizers to the environment. They also have applications as sensitizers, developers, antioxidants, copolymers, etc. They are used as vehicles in the synthesis of other organic compounds.Most pharmaceutical products are based on heterocycles, and among the various clinical applications, heterocyclic compounds have a considerable active role as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs.
Sulphur's Versatality
Mahendra and Aditya Sheth form a dynamic father-son team driven by a shared passion for disseminating value adding knowledge. Their collaborative efforts and shared vision to give back, have culminated in the creation of "Versatilities of Sulphur," a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted sources and applications of Sulphur and its derivatives across various industries. Mahendra Sheth, boasts over 40 years of experience as a Chemical Engineer. Educated in the United States, he holds dual Bachelor's Degrees in Chemical and Industrial Engineering, as well as a Master's Degree in Chemical Engineering. As the Chairman of Galiakotwala Engineering Company, a leading manufacturer of sulfuric acid equipment, Mahendra's profound expertise in Sulphur chemistry has been pivotal in shaping the content of this book. Aditya Sheth, following in his father's esteemed footsteps, earned his Chemical Engineering degree from the prestigious Columbia University (New York, USA) and Economics Degree from the prestigious Denison University (Ohio, USA). Despite his youth, Aditya has demonstrated a remarkable aptitude for engineering. His contributions to the book have brought forth fresh perspectives and innovative ideas. Together, Mahendra Sheth and Aditya Sheth have synergized their knowledge, creativity, and passion to craft a book that not only delves into the intriguing realm of Sulphur products but also aims to ignite curiosity and foster appreciation for the marvels of chemistry across readers of all ages.
A dive into the labyrinth of Schottky defects
Schottky defects, discovered by Walter H. Schottky in 1938, are crystalline imperfections that play a crucial role in the properties of materials. These defects, which result from the loss of atoms in a crystalline structure, affect the electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, optical and catalytic properties of materials. Understanding and controlling these defects are major challenges in many fields of science and technology, including materials engineering, electronics, catalysis and emerging technologies such as quantum computing and photonic devices. Current research is exploring the potential applications of Schottky defects, while also seeking to develop new materials and techniques to optimize their use in various fields of application.
Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases
This second edition of Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases provides a substantial modification and expansion of the first edition published in 2006. Nitzan offers a uniform approach to diverse problems encountered in the study of dynamical processes in condensed phase molecular systems. The textbook focuses on three themes: contextual background material, in-depth introduction of methodologies, and analysis of several key applications. These applications are among the most fundamental processes that underlie physical, chemical, and biological phenomena in complex systems. The comprehensive, advanced, and self-contained text provides the theoretical foundations for the processes affecting molecular dynamics in condensed phases that are encountered in the chemistry laboratory as well as in biology and material science research. The mathematical tools and the physical concepts necessary to develop the chemical description are provided first, followed by a detailed discussion of the fundamental chemical processes that underlie the chemical dynamics, including quantum and classical aspects of molecular motion and the interaction of molecules with the radiation field and the surrounding thermal environment. The last part of the book discusses several key processes: accumulation and relaxation of molecular energy, chemical reaction dynamics and the interplay of these dynamics with the dynamics and relaxation of the surrounding solvent, electron transfer reactions, electrode processes and molecular conduction junctions as well as molecular response to optical stimuli in solution and at dielectric interfaces. Attention is given to combining the mathematical analysis with qualitative physical understanding of the different dynamical phenomena. New to this edition is a new chapter 19 on the interaction of molecules with light at dielectric interfaces, motivated by the surge of interest in molecular plasmonics and molecular cavity electrodynamics, as well as a section relevant to this issue added to Chapter 10. Chapters on light-matter interaction and spectroscopy have been expanded to include subjects relevant to the foundation and practice of interfacial spectroscopy. Sections have also been added to include discussion of noise and fluctuations observed in single molecule spectroscopy and in molecular junction transport.
Small-scale Computational Vibration of Carbon Nanotubes
This book presents orthotropic vibration modeling and analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which be helpful in applications such as oscillators and in non-destructive testing, and also vibrations characteristics of armchair double-walled CNT by means of nonlocal elasticity shell model. The nonlocal shell model is established by inferring the nonlocal elasticity equations in to Kelvin's theory, which is our particular motivation. The suggested method to investigate the solution of fundamental Eigen relations is wave propagation, which is a well-known and efficient technique to develop the fundamental frequency equations. The frequencies of three different types of SWCNTs are calculated. Also, the vibrations of the chiral single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) with non-local theory using wave propagation approach is investigated. It has been investigated that by increasing the nonlocal parameter decreases the frequencies and on increasing the aspect ratio increases the frequencies throughout the computation frequencies of clamped-free lower than that of clamped-clamped.Carbon nanotubes have a variety of applications because of their distinctive molecular structure and show unique electronic and mechanical properties because of their curvature. Nanotubes and micro-beams can be cited as one of the very applicable micro- and nano-structures in various systems, namely, sensing devices, communications and the quantum mechanics. The application of the tiny structures, specifically, carbon nanotubes in the sensors and actuators enforce the engineers to study vibrational properties of those structures experimentally and theoretically. In addition, they are utilized in different fields such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, computer engineering, optics, energy and environmental systems.
The Inseparable Bond
Furthermore, we agree with much of the existing literature that reproducibility is not a boolean variable that represents an "Either/Or" condition under which an experiment is either fully repro-ducible or not reproducible at all (Isdahl & Gundersen, 2019). We believe that it should be seen as a one-dimensional variable that must be measured on a scale where it can range from multiple degrees of reproducibility. As such, we concur with Peng (2011) who suggests that reproducibil-ity can be perceived as a continuous variable on a spectrum of reproducibility, on which a specific experiment can range from being not reproducible at all, to the "Gold standard" of reproducibility where linked and executable code and data accompany the research publication that describes the experiment. As explained by Peng (2011, p. 1226), the spectrum of reproducibility is used to explain the gap that arises in the "scientific evidence-generating process between full replication of a study and no replication." The spectrum of reproducibility is illustrated in Figure 1 and this key concept is revisited later in this paper.
Characterization of Metallic Materials
This Special Issue features research and review articles on the characterization of metallic materials during various processes such as solidification, forming, and heat treatment. This issue focuses on all characterization methods, including all forms of microscopy (transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc.) and analytical techniques applied to the materials' microstructure, interface, surface, etc. Studies focusing on analysis using computational science are also welcome. Recent studies dealing with the behavior of materials during various phenomena (solidification, phase transformation, oxidation, diffusion, deformation, and so on) that can occur in processes such as casting, plastic working, and heat treatment are suitable for publication in this issue. This Special Issue will provide material scientists with up-to-date information explaining the behavior of many types of metallic materials using novel approaches. This issue covers all kinds of metallic materials.
Special Issue Dedicated to the 60 Years of the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the School of Chemistry of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
A Special Issue dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the Department of Chemistry (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), compiling research and review articles in the field of Chemistry.
Chemical Coding of Consciousness
The elements of consciousness include sensations, memory, emotions, ideas, and feelings. All these elements are products of biochemical reactions. The authors aimed to demonstrate that the code of consciousness is of a chemical nature. They introduced new terms such as hyperthinking and hyperconsciousness. Additionally, they proposed a fundamental law of conservation of the quantity and energy of consciousness.
Unveiling Enzyme Kinetics
Imagine a world where tiny cellular machines, enzymes, work their magic in mystery. "Unveiling Enzyme Kinetics: The Michaelis-Menten Equation Explained" sheds light on a powerful equation that unlocks the secrets of enzyme activity. Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten's groundbreaking equation revolutionized our understanding of enzymes. Here's why it matters: The Rate Equation: This equation describes the relationship between substrate concentration, the fuel for enzyme reactions, and the rate at which the reaction occurs. Visualizing Activity: By plotting the equation, we can visualize how enzyme activity increases with substrate concentration but eventually reaches a plateau, revealing key insights into enzyme function. A Foundation for Discovery: The Michaelis-Menten equation serves as the foundation for further exploration in enzyme kinetics, a field that delves into the intricate details of how enzymes work. This knowledge has far-reaching benefits: Drug Design: Understanding enzyme kinetics allows scientists to design drugs that target specific enzymes, leading to more effective treatments. Metabolic Engineering: By manipulating enzyme activity, we can engineer metabolic pathways in organisms for advancements in biofuels and sustainable production processes. However, the story goes deeper: Beyond Simplicity: The Michaelis-Menten equation offers a simplified view. Modern research explores complex enzyme behaviors like cooperativity (multiple substrates) and allosteric regulation (indirect control). Dynamic Processes: While the equation focuses on steady-state activity, newer techniques investigate the dynamic nature of enzymes in living cells. Despite these limitations, the Michaelis-Menten equation remains a cornerstone of enzyme kinetics. It provides a powerful lens through which we can begin to understand the remarkable efficiency and complexity of enzymes, the workhorses of life.
Heads of Lectures on a Course of Experimental Philosophy Particularly Including Chemistry
Optical Spectroscopy
Developments in optical spectroscopy have taken new directions in recent decades, with the focus shifting from understanding small gas phase molecules towards applications in materials and biological systems. This is due to significant interest in these topics, which has been facilitated by significant technological developments.Absorption, luminescence and excited state energy transfer properties have become of crucial importance on a large scale in materials related to light-harvesting in organic and inorganic third generation solar cells, for solar water splitting, and in light emitting diodes, TV screens and many other applications. In addition, F繹rster resonance energy transfer can be used as a ruler for the characterisation of the structure and dynamics of DNA, proteins and other biomolecules via labelling with fluorescing markers.This advanced textbook covers a range of these applications as well as the basics of absorption, emission and energy transfer of molecular systems in the condensed phase, in addition to the corresponding behaviour of metal nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots. Technical experimental requirements, aspects to avoid interfering perturbations and methods of quantitative data analysis make this book accessible and ideal for students and researchers in physical chemistry, biophysics and nanomaterials.
Complex Oxides
Chapter contribution from John B Goodenough, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2019.This book provides a unique look at the chemistry and properties of complex metal oxides from the perspectives of some of the most active researchers on this class of materials. Applications of complex oxide materials are highly varied. Topics reviewed in this volume include solid-state battery research, the chemistry of transparent conductors, ternary uranium oxides, magnetic perovskites, non-linear optical materials, complex molybdenum-vanadium bronzes and other complex materials used in selective oxidation catalysis. It is written to serve as an introduction to the subject for and those beginning to work on these materials, particularly new graduate students.
Study on Crack Resistance of Concrete
Concrete cracking is a crucial factor that threatens the durability and strength of concrete. Especially for concrete building structures with complex working environments such as hydraulic structures and long-span building structures, concrete cracking seriously threatens the safe operation of engineering projects. The cracking resistance of concrete is influenced by many factors, such as mechanical properties, temperature processes, autogenous shrinkage, restrained stress, creep, etc. The study of the crack resistance of concrete is of great significance for its wide application. This book focuses on the research of the cracking resistance of concrete, including the formation mechanism of concrete cracking, the relationship between the cracking mechanism and the performance of various types of concrete, and the resistance and maintenance of concrete cracks.
Information Technologies Applied on Healthcare
By the year 2030, it is expected that young people will use e-health services more, and emergent technologies, including Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, the Web, IoT Technologies, and mobile devices, as well as governmental policies, will play a crucial role in successfully delivering relevant data to health professionals, thereby allowing them to obtain information and advice that benefit health consumers.This Special Issue collects and consolidates innovative and high-quality research contributions regarding Information Technologies Applied on Healthcare to different disciplines and its challenges such as the following: the systematization and standardization of healthcare information systems, the detection of diseases at early stages, open healthcare data, integrated health services, cybersecurity and data protection in healthcare, interoperability data health, information technologies in healthcare, human-computer interaction (HCI) in healthcare, intelligent medical devices and smart technologies, artificial intelligent techniques applied to healthcare, digital healthcare, telehealth (telemonitoring for diseases, remote consultation, and remote education and support), prognosis, diagnosis and treatment in healthcare, big data analytics for healthcare, computer games for healthcare, m-Health, smart technologies for healthcare, predictive modeling and analytics for healthcare, computer vision in healthcare, and healthcare decision support systems.
Drilling, Completion and Well Engineering for the Natural Energy Resources Extraction, Storage and Sustainable Management
Drilling and well completion processes play a crucial role in meeting both immediate energy needs and long-term sustainability goals across various sectors like oil, gas, geothermal energy, and more. Despite rapid advancements in drilling technology for oil and gas, progress in other areas like underground storage and deep mining has been limited. This reprint, comprising selected research articles from a Topic, delves into the pivotal role of drilling and well completion technologies in striking this delicate balance. It offers insights from multidisciplinary research, focusing on advancing scientific principles and practices for the exploration and extraction of primary energy resources sustainably. The main goal is to foster economic development while ensuring responsible resource exploration and extraction through a comprehensive understanding of scientific principles and best practices.
Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage
As the global air pollution and energy crisis grows more severe by the day, it is particularly important to increase the development and utilization of clean energy. Energy conversion and storage technology has become the main method to solve energy and environmental problems. Energy conversion technology can be used to convert renewable resources (solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and water energy) into forms of energy that are convenient for people to use, such as hydrogen energy and electric energy. At present, the main energy collection and storage devices include solar cells, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. This topic mainly involves the integrated design, preparation, structure, and performance regulation of energy collection and storage materials. The purpose of this topic was to highlight the latest progress in the field of energy harvesting and storage technologies and bring together scholars from various fields.
