At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator, Updated Edition
At the Bench is the unique and hugely successful handbook for living and working in the laboratory, an essential aid to understanding basic lab techniques and how research groups work at a human level. In this newly revised edition, chapters have been rewritten to accommodate the impact of computer technology and the Internet, not only on the acquisition and analysis of data, but also on its organization and presentation. Alternatives to the use of radiation have been expanded, and figures and illustrations have been redrawn to reflect changes in laboratory equipment and procedures. Wise, light-hearted, but thoroughly practical, Dr. Barker offers advice, moral support, social etiquette, and professional reassurance along with assume-nothing, step-by-step instructions for those basic but vital laboratory procedures that experienced investigators know--but may not realize novices don't. If you are a graduate student, a physician with research intentions, or a laboratory technician, this book is indispensable. If you have to manage or mentor such people, giving a copy to each of them will greatly improve your life, and theirs.
Public Spaces for Water
This illustrated notebook highlights the need for a change of paradigm in current flood management practices, one that acknowledges the wide-ranging and interdisciplinary benefits brought by public space design. Reassessing and improving established flood management methods, public spaces are faced with a new and enhanced role as mediators of flood adaptation able to integrate infrastructure and communities together in the management of flood water as an ultimate resource for urban resilience.The book specifically introduces a path towards a new perspective on flood adaptation through public space design, stressing the importance of local, bottom up, approaches. Deriving from a solution-directed investigation, which is particularly attentive to design, the book offers a wide range of systematized conceptual solutions of flood adaptation measures applicable in the design of public spaces.Through a commonly used vocabulary and simple technical notions, the book facilitates and accelerates the initial brainstorm phases of a public space project with flood adaptation capacities, enabling a direct application in contemporary practice. Furthermore, it offers a significant sample of real-case examples that may further assist the decision-making throughout design processes.Overall, the book envisions to challenge established professionals, such as engineers, architects or urban planners, to work and design with uncertainty in an era of an unprecedented climate.
The Power of Movement in Plants
"...I think that I have succeeded in showing. . . kind of movement common to all parts of all plants from their earliest youth." - Charles Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume II (1880) The Power of Movement in Plants (1880) includes illustrations and documents the extensive research and study of phototropism among other plant movements by Charles Darwin and his son, Francis. The chapters focus particularly on a plant's evolution and adaptation to external stimuli with particular attention to circumnutation. This in-depth research is a must-read for lovers of the origins of botany and biology.
Warum Nachhaltigkeit Nicht Nachhaltig Ist
Wir alle sollen nachhaltig werden. So ist es jedenfalls generell in Wissenschaft, Medien und Politik zu h繹ren. Doch: "Nachhaltigkeit" - Was ist das 羹berhaupt? Und wie gut stehen die Chancen, Nachhaltigkeitskonzepte auch durchzusetzen?Dieses Buch versucht 羹berhaupt nicht erst, den vielen "Nachhaltigkeitsb羹chern" noch ein weiteres hinzuzusetzen. Es stellt vielmehr die gesellschaftliche Grundlage f羹r "Nachhaltigkeit" ganz grundlegend in Frage. Und es zeigt, dass wir uns, gerade wenn wir Nachhaltigkeit anstreben, sehr schnell in Widerspr羹che verwickeln. Und regelm瓣?ig erreichen wir damit nicht die "Nachhaltigkeit", sondern das pure Gegenteil.Wasser sparen bei der WC-Sp羹lung? Nur noch zertifizierten Kaffee trinken? Fernfl羹ge nur noch gegen eine Klima-Abgabe? - Der Autor dekonstruiert einen Nachhaltigkeitsanspruch nach dem anderen.Ein Pamphlet gegen Klimaschutz, gegen Bewahrung der Biodiversit瓣t oder gegen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung 瓣rmerer L瓣nder ist dieses Buch dennochnicht. Es versucht aber dagegen die Grenzen eines umfassenden Nachhaltigkeitsansatzes aufzuzeigen.
The Power of Movement in Plants
"...I think that I have succeeded in showing. . . kind of movement common to all parts of all plants from their earliest youth." - Charles Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume II (1880) The Power of Movement in Plants (1880) includes illustrations and documents the extensive research and study of phototropism among other plant movements by Charles Darwin and his son, Francis. The chapters focus particularly on a plant's evolution and adaptation to external stimuli with particular attention to circumnutation. This in-depth research is a must-read for lovers of the origins of botany and biology.
Emerging Technologies for Waste Valorization and Environmental Protection
This book features carefully selected articles on emerging technologies for waste valorization and environmental protection. The term "waste valorization" is used particularly in engineering, economics, technology, business, environmental and policy literature to refer to any unit operation or collection of operations targeted at reusing, recycling, composting or converting wastes into useful products or energy sources without harming the environment. The book discusses the rudimentary concept, and describes a range of emerging technologies in the field, including nano, fuel-cell and membrane technologies, as well as membrane bioreactors. It also examines in detail essential and common processes in waste valorization, such as rigorous chemical engineering applications, mathematical modeling and other trans-disciplinary approaches. The chapters present high-quality research papers from the IconSWM 2018 conference.
Adoption of Lms in Higher Educational Institutions of the Middle East
Focuses on Learning Management Systems at Higher Educational Institutions Provides influential predictors that may impact the instructors' behavioral intention to adopt Learning Management Systems in the context of Arab culture Presents a unique model of technology acceptance that is adapted comparing the most adopted technology adoption models It can be used as a source of practical information for a broad community of researchers, higher education institutions in the context of cultural context ​
Lithium Niobate Nanophotonics
Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds great potential for breaking through the bottlenecks in current photonic and optoelectronic networks. Recently, a revolution has been witnessed in the field of lithium niobate (LN) photonics. Over the past decade, nanoscale LN waveguides with a propagation loss of 0.01 dB and a radius of curvature on the level of 100 μm have been demonstrated. The revolution mainly benefits from two technological advancements, the maturity of lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) technology and the innovation of nanofabrication approaches of high-quality LNOI photonic structures. Using low-loss waveguides and high-quality-factor (high-Q) microresonators produced on the LNOI platform as building blocks, various integrated photonic devices have been demonstrated with unprecedented performances. The breakthroughs have reshaped the landscape of the LN industry. This is the first monograph on LN nanophotonics enabled by the LNOI platform. It comprehensively reviews the development of fabrication technology, investigations on nonlinear optical processes, and demonstrations of electro-optical devices, as well as applications in quantum light sources, spectroscopy, sensing, and microwave-to-optical wave conversion. The book begins with an overview of the technological evolution of PICs, justifying the motivation for developing LNOI photonics. The next four chapters focus on LNOI photonics. The book concludes with a summary of the milestone achievements discussed in these chapters and provides a future perspective of this area of research.
Environmental Policy and Public Health
Written by environmental health experts with long teaching and professional careers in policy and public health, the third edition of Environmental Policy and Public Health comprises two volumes addressing key physical hazards in the environment that impact public health. The first volume on Principal Health Hazards and Mitigation is complemented by the second volume, Emerging Health Hazards and Mitigation. The health of the environment is inextricably linked to that of people. Thoroughly updated, Volume 1 describes how the quality of air, water, and food is threatened by the presence of toxic substances and explains why climate change is a global health priority already impacting human health and the environment. The mitigations discussed in this volume are twofold: policies that are intended for control of specific hazards and suggested hazard interventions. The role of policy in addressing each of these key environmental health areas is extensively discussed in this volume as well. Each chapter explains step by step how new environmental health issues are translated into public health policies and concludes with practice questions to facilitate interactive learning for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in public health and environmental sciences. The step-by step approach, as well as the case studies and practice questions, allow for a diverse portfolio of in-person and hybrid pedagogical strategies and tools at the fingertips of faculty who not only teach policy courses, but whose course topics, such as climate and health, have policy relevance.
Mine Ventilation
Fundamental Concepts of Fluid Mechanics for Mine Ventilation.- Environmental Conditions in the Mine.- Flow Rates and Pressure Measurements.- Mine Ventilation Networks.- Main Ventilation.- Fans and Flow Control Devices.- The Role of Ventilation in Fires and Explosions.- Secondary Ventilation.
Aristotle’s Classification of Animals
Aristotle's classification of animals, and indeed his approach to biology, challenges modern assumptions about scientific progress. Historians often view Aristotle's attempts at classification as incomplete precursors to the rigorous taxonomies of later scientists, such as Linnaeus, but this perspective may impose a retrospective, evolution-based understanding of science onto Aristotle's distinct worldview. While it's clear that Aristotle categorized animals based on their parts, characteristics, and behaviors, his classifications were not necessarily intended to function as comprehensive taxonomies. Instead, Aristotle's groupings reflect his philosophical quest to understand the essence of living things and the order of nature rather than a systematic effort to codify all species in a rigid structure. In his approach, classification served to illustrate larger principles and relationships rather than to build a finalized biological hierarchy. Moreover, Aristotle's classificatory efforts differ fundamentally from later biological taxonomies in their conceptual basis and purpose. Modern commentators, including Georges Cuvier, acknowledge Aristotle's influence on fields like comparative anatomy but note that Aristotle did not apply a structured taxonomic system as his successors did. Instead, Aristotle's categories were flexible, reflecting his ideas on the "essence" and "form" of living beings rather than any fixed biological grid. This distinction becomes crucial when interpreting Aristotle's work: rather than regarding it as an incomplete taxonomy, we might view it as a philosophical framework that integrates observations with conceptual exploration of life's diversity and order. This approach, which seeks to understand each organism within a broader natural order, is less about classifying individual species and more about investigating the fundamental nature of life. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Funktionelle (Myo-)fasziale Dysbalancen im Tennissport
Der Autor der vorliegenden Studie konnte bei Turnierreisen, Mannschaftsbetreuungen, Trainingslagern im Ausland bei Fortbildungen auf anderen Sportst瓣tten und beim Aus羹ben des eigenen Trainings auf verschiedensten Sportanlagen beobachten, dass Faszien und Faszientraining nun auch in der Fitness- und Gesundheitsbranche hoch im Kurs stehen. Faszienrollen geh繹ren bereits zum Standardequipment der meisten Hobbysportler, Sportfanatiker, Fitnessstudios, Sportwissenschaftler und Physiotherapeuten, welche diese mittlerweile auch bei der Behandlung ihrer Patienten nutzen. Doch nicht nur im Bereich des Freizeit- und Gesundheitssport boomen die Rollen aus Schaumstoff, auch Spitzensportler aus allen Bereichen werden immer 繹fter beim "Rollen" gesichtet. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einen groben ?berblick 羹ber die drei zentralen Themen Faszien, Tennis und deren Wechselbeziehung in Form der Auswirkung auf das Gesamtsystem zu geben.
Fukushima Accident
Fukushima Accident: 10 Years After evaluates the post-Fukushima accident situation with up-to-date information, emphasizing radionuclide impacts on the terrestrial and marine environments, and comparing them to the pre-Fukushima accident levels of radionuclides in the environment. This is based on scientific results, as well as knowledge gathered from literature to provide current information on the present status, summarize 10 years of data on the Fukushima accident, and describe the present situation in the local, regional, and global time and space scales. It provides data on radioactivity released into the atmosphere and the ocean, the distribution of radionuclides in the world atmosphere and oceans, and their impact on the total environment, including assessments of radiation doses in Japanese and world populations from consumption of terrestrial food and seafood. It goes on to describe future aspects of the radioactive contamination of these environments and the health implications. This book informs environmental scientists, academics, and researchers in environmental science and nuclear energy as well as postgraduate students in the field of environmental science, radioactivity, and nuclear energy, on the present situation of radioactive contamination of Japan and in the world.
Aristotle’s Classification of Animals
Aristotle's classification of animals, and indeed his approach to biology, challenges modern assumptions about scientific progress. Historians often view Aristotle's attempts at classification as incomplete precursors to the rigorous taxonomies of later scientists, such as Linnaeus, but this perspective may impose a retrospective, evolution-based understanding of science onto Aristotle's distinct worldview. While it's clear that Aristotle categorized animals based on their parts, characteristics, and behaviors, his classifications were not necessarily intended to function as comprehensive taxonomies. Instead, Aristotle's groupings reflect his philosophical quest to understand the essence of living things and the order of nature rather than a systematic effort to codify all species in a rigid structure. In his approach, classification served to illustrate larger principles and relationships rather than to build a finalized biological hierarchy. Moreover, Aristotle's classificatory efforts differ fundamentally from later biological taxonomies in their conceptual basis and purpose. Modern commentators, including Georges Cuvier, acknowledge Aristotle's influence on fields like comparative anatomy but note that Aristotle did not apply a structured taxonomic system as his successors did. Instead, Aristotle's categories were flexible, reflecting his ideas on the "essence" and "form" of living beings rather than any fixed biological grid. This distinction becomes crucial when interpreting Aristotle's work: rather than regarding it as an incomplete taxonomy, we might view it as a philosophical framework that integrates observations with conceptual exploration of life's diversity and order. This approach, which seeks to understand each organism within a broader natural order, is less about classifying individual species and more about investigating the fundamental nature of life. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Nature-Based Solutions and Water Security
Nature-Based Solutions and Water Security: An Action Agenda for the 21st Century presents an action agenda for natural infrastructure on topics of standards and principles, technical evaluation and design tools, capacity building and innovative finance. Chapters introduce the topic and concepts of natural infrastructure, or nature-based solutions (NBS) and water security, with important background on the urgency of the global water crisis and the role that NBS can, and should play, in addressing this crisis. Sections also present the community of practice's collective thinking on a prioritized action agenda to guide more rapid progress in mainstreaming NBS. With contributions from global authors, including key individuals and organizations active in developing NBS solutions, users will also find important conclusions and recommendations, thus presenting a collaboratively developed, consensus roadmap to scaling NBS.
Extinctions
Are we now entering a mass extinction event? What can mass extinctions in Earth's history tell us about the Anthropocene? What do mass extinction events look like and how does life on Earth recover from them? The fossil record reveals periods when biodiversity exploded, and short intervals when much of life was wiped out in mass extinction events. In comparison with these ancient events, today's biotic crisis hasn't (yet) reached the level of extinction to be called a mass extinction. But we are certainly in crisis, and current parallels with ancient mass extinction events are profound and deeply worrying. Humanity's actions are applying the same sorts of pressures - on similar scales - that in the past pushed the Earth system out of equilibrium and triggered mass extinction events. Analysis of the fossil record suggests that we still have some time to avert this disaster: but we must act now.
Ecomobilities
Ecomobilities examines the American cultural attachment to automobility. By analyzing the role of machines and transportation in apocalyptic films, Michael W. Pesses reveals the ideological connections between automobiles, the environment, and the end of the world.
The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms
"...I was led to keep in my study during many months worms in pots filled with earth, I became interested in them, and wished to learn how far they acted consciously..." - Charles Darwin, The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms (1881)The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits (1881) includes original illustrations and highlights the extensive research and study of Darwin's landmark discoveries on soil formation, later termed soil bioturbation, as well as his fascination with earthworm behavior. In his last scientific book, published shortly before his death, Darwin documents with zest the earthworm's sexual passions and social interactions, as well as their significant contributions to the earth's ecosystem.This in-depth research is a must-read for lovers of ecology and biology.
Industrial Waste
Industrial residues are obtained from all treatments of raw materials in industry during the process of mining, raw materials treatment and final usage. During these processes of enrichment, optimization and utilization of raw materials only part of the original material can be used for the dedicated application and some left-over parts remain. This contribution focuses on residues like mining overburdens, ore residues and ore processing residues like slags, but also on incineration ashes and water purification muds. Natural materials like pozzolanes, due to their potential of CO2-reduction, are also included. Based on this knowledge secondary reusable materials due to their chemical, physical and mineralogical properties can be identified. Also different characterization methods for analysing the potential for further application of these residues are included.
The Fishes and the Forest
The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History delves into the intricate relationship between the Amazon rainforest and its diverse aquatic life. With the Amazon basin home to the world's largest rainforest and its richest ecosystem, this book provides vital ecological insights that are crucial for conservation efforts in the face of rapid deforestation. Michael Coulding's study uncovers the essential role the flooded forests play in sustaining over fifty key commercial fish species in the region. His findings reveal that around 75% of these fishes depend on the nutrient recycling processes of the rainforest, suggesting that widespread deforestation of the floodplains could decimate the fish populations and severely impact local fisheries. The book also highlights the critical role of fish in seed dispersal, further emphasizing the interconnectedness of the forest and its aquatic life. Through a collaborative effort involving both scientists and local naturalists, Coulding presents groundbreaking evidence of the Amazon's ecological dynamics. The research uncovers complex relationships between the forest, its fish fauna, and the broader ecosystem, showcasing the essential contributions of local fishermen who provide invaluable insights into fish behavior and forest conditions. As the book underscores the urgency of preserving the Amazon's delicate balance, it also serves as a crucial reference for developing sustainable conservation policies. While focused on the Amazon, the lessons drawn from this study are applicable to other tropical regions, offering insights into the broader implications of deforestation on biodiversity and fisheries worldwide. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
The Fishes and the Forest
The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History delves into the intricate relationship between the Amazon rainforest and its diverse aquatic life. With the Amazon basin home to the world's largest rainforest and its richest ecosystem, this book provides vital ecological insights that are crucial for conservation efforts in the face of rapid deforestation. Michael Coulding's study uncovers the essential role the flooded forests play in sustaining over fifty key commercial fish species in the region. His findings reveal that around 75% of these fishes depend on the nutrient recycling processes of the rainforest, suggesting that widespread deforestation of the floodplains could decimate the fish populations and severely impact local fisheries. The book also highlights the critical role of fish in seed dispersal, further emphasizing the interconnectedness of the forest and its aquatic life. Through a collaborative effort involving both scientists and local naturalists, Coulding presents groundbreaking evidence of the Amazon's ecological dynamics. The research uncovers complex relationships between the forest, its fish fauna, and the broader ecosystem, showcasing the essential contributions of local fishermen who provide invaluable insights into fish behavior and forest conditions. As the book underscores the urgency of preserving the Amazon's delicate balance, it also serves as a crucial reference for developing sustainable conservation policies. While focused on the Amazon, the lessons drawn from this study are applicable to other tropical regions, offering insights into the broader implications of deforestation on biodiversity and fisheries worldwide. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
Green Chemistry for Beginners
With escalating concerns over the current state of our planet, the realization to work toward reducing our environmental footprint is gaining momentum. Scientists have realized that green chemistry is the key to reduce waste, rendering healthy environment, and improving human health. The 12 principles of green chemistry are the basic tenets that require understanding at the most fundamental level and implementation to promoting sustainable synthesis. This book discusses innovations in the form of greener technologies (superior green catalysts, alternate reaction media, and green energy sources) and elaborates their tremendous potential in combating the critical global challenges on the horizon. It intends to empower and educate students to grasp the key concepts of green chemistry, think out of the box and come up with new ideas, and apply the basic concepts in greening the world. It extensively covers the goals of the United Nation's 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development, which can be successfully achieved with the aid of green chemistry. It also highlights cutting-edge greener technologies such as biomimicry, miniaturization, and continuous flow. Edited by two active green chemists, the book presents in-depth knowledge of this field and is extremely helpful for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate readers, as well as academic and industrial researchers.
Sustainable Design in Textiles and Fashion
This book highlights the Eco-design or Sustainable design in textiles and fashion, aimed at reducing their environmental impact throughout their life cycle. Sustainable design is one of the core elements practiced in various industrial sectors. The textiles and fashion sector, is also creating a huge environmental brunt in terms of various fibres, processes, consumption of various resources including dyes, chemicals and auxiliaries, etc, . Thus, sustainable design is the key to reduce the environmental impacts made out of textiles and fashion products. This book includes seven informative chapters to decipher the concept and applications of sustainable design in textiles and fashion.​
Principles of Wildlife Conservation
Wildlife tend our forests - they pollinate flowers, disperse seeds, eat insects that harm trees, and keep herbivores and diseases in check. They keep our forests healthy and resilient - ready and able to face and counter any challenges, such as global warming and climate change. They are the individual cogs that keep the forest machine functioning. And we desperately need our forests - to sequester carbon, to purify our air and water, to protect our soils from getting eroded, and to save our dams and waterways. Wildlife do need our care, concern, and attention, but we also need our wildlife - perhaps much more sincerely. A majority of wildlife arrived on this planet much before humans, and the Earth belongs to them as well. So how do we conserve wildlife? This is the question that Principles of Wildlife Conservation seeks to answer. It presents a lucid - cogent, yet simple - narration about the why's and how's of conserving wildlife. It begins with the first principles - and thus requires no prerequisite other than an urge to seek knowledge. It is full of pictures and case studies from the field - to facilitate easy grasping of the subject. The book builds a solid foundation of the theory of wildlife conservation, and tops that up with experiences from actually doing wildlife conservation. In this way, it equips the reader to master both the science - and the art - of conserving wildlife.
Sustainability Metrics and Indicators of Environmental Impact
Sustainability Metrics and Indicators of Environmental Impact: Industrial and Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment covers trending topics on the environmental impact of systems of production, putting emphasis on lifecycle assessment (LCA). This methodology is one of the most important tools of analysis, as mathematical models are applied that will quantify the systematic inputs and outputs of the processes in order to evaluate the sustainability of industrial processes and products. In this sense, LCA is mainly a tool to support environmental decision-making that analyzes the environmental impacts of products and technologies from a lifecycle perspective. The emergence of ever-larger global issues, such as the energy dilemma, the changing climate and the scarcity of natural resources, such as water, has boosted the search for tools capable of ensuring the reliability of the results published by the industries, and has become an important tool in order to achieve sustainability and environmental preservation. Thus, lifecycle assessment (LCA), including carbon footprint valuation is necessary to ensure better internal management.
Resilience, Response, and Risk in Water Systems
Section 1: Water Resilience: Vulnerability and Responsei. Problem, perspective and challenges of water monitoringii. Water resilience to natural and human disastersiii. Food-Energy-Water-Ecosystem Services Nexusiv. Water supply, urbanization and climate changev. Integrative risk assessment and water management Section 2: Data science and engineering for water systemvi. Water Data: modeling, uncertainty, and securityvii. Standardization, Interoperability, and data sharingviii. Analytics in Water Resourceix. Visualization and synthesis of the multi-dimensional water systemx. Water Indices: specification, criteria and application Section 3: Innovation in operational water managementxi. Engineering water supply for conservation, resiliency, and sustainabilityxii. Water quality treatments and natural remediation of water contaminantsxiii. Shifts and trends of water quality analysesxiv. Paradigms of life cycle, vulnerability and cost benefit analyses for waterxv. Modeling human behavior and decision making Section 4: Policy and Mitigationxvi. Bridging water quality and quantity for adaptive managementxvii. Preparedness and awareness in sanitization for health and prosperityxviii. Science, sense and sensibility for water quality mitigation and policy makingxix. Collaborations and conflicting interest across government and interstate conflictsxx. Language of water science: common ground for scientist, stake holders and managers
Scrap Tyres between Recycling and Bio-energy Technologies
Scrap tyres are a category of waste whose disposal might be problematic due to their highly complex structure, diverse composition of the raw material, and quality of the rubber. Rubber represents the 70-80% of the tyre mass, while the rest is made of steel belts and textile overlays, which during recycling have to be separated from the rubber. Tyre recycling is based on the mechanical, thermal or chemical removal of the rubber fraction. Landfilling of waste tyres was widely adopted in the past and it is still practiced in some countries. Waste tyres may create problems because they are flexible and cannot be compacted.The most noticeable problem asso- ciated with large tyre storage areas is the potential fire hazard they present. Once a tyre pile catches fire, it is very hard, if not impossible, to extinguish. In some instances, tyre piles have been burning for several months with the black fumes being visible for many miles.
Sustainability and Law
The book discusses sustainability and law in a multifaceted way. Together, sustainability and law are an emerging challenge for research and science. This volume contributes through an interdisciplinary concept to its further exploration. The contributions explore this exciting domain with innovative ideas and replicable approaches. It combines a variety of authors, from both the public and the private sectors, and thereby guarantees a broad view that enshrines the more theoretical arguments from the academic side as well as stronger practical applicable perspectives. The book provides space for thoughtful expansions of established theories as well as the hopeful emergence of innovative ideas. Moreover, the combination of three to five contributions into the eleven parts respectively aims toward a compression of like minded thoughts. This should lead to an intensification of exchange of viewpoints from different angles on a similar theme. Readers therefore also have the opportunityto concentrate on single chapters, but receive comprised knowledge and a variety of thoughts for new ideas on a particular theme.
Scaling in Ecology with a Model System
A groundbreaking approach to scale and scaling in ecological theory and practice Scale is one of the most important concepts in ecology, yet researchers often find it difficult to find ecological systems that lend themselves to its study. Scaling in Ecology with a Model System synthesizes nearly three decades of research on the ecology of Sarracenia purpurea-the northern pitcher plant-showing how this carnivorous plant and its associated food web of microbes and macrobes can inform the challenging question of scaling in ecology. Drawing on a wealth of findings from their pioneering lab and field experiments, Aaron Ellison and Nicholas Gotelli reveal how the Sarracenia microecosystem has emerged as a model system for experimental ecology. Ellison and Gotelli examine Sarracenia at a hierarchy of spatial scales-individual pitchers within plants, plants within bogs, and bogs within landscapes-and demonstrate how pitcher plants can serve as replicate miniature ecosystems that can be studied in wetlands throughout the United States and Canada. They show how research on the Sarracenia microecosystem proceeds much more rapidly than studies of larger, more slowly changing ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, lakes, or streams, which are more difficult to replicate and experimentally manipulate. Scaling in Ecology with a Model System offers new insights into ecophysiology and stoichiometry, demography, extinction risk and species distribution models, food webs and trophic dynamics, and tipping points and regime shifts.
Managing Environmental Data
Focused on the mechanics of managing environmental data, this book provides guidelines on how to evaluate data requirements, assess tools and techniques, and implement an effective system. Moving beyond the hypothetical, Gerald Burnette illustrates the decision-making processes and the compromises required when applying environmental principles and practices to actual data. Managing Environmental Data explains the basic principles of relational databases, discusses database design, explores user interface options, and examines the process of implementation. Best practices are identified during each portion of the process. The discussion is summarized via the development of a hypothetical environmental data management system. Details of the design help establish a common framework that bridges the gap between data managers, users, and software developers. It is an ideal text for environmental professionals and students. The growth in both volume and complexity of environmental data presents challenges to environmental professionals. Developing better data management skills offers an excellent opportunity to meet these challenges. Gaining knowledge of and experience with data management best practices complements students' more traditional science education, providing them with the skills required to address complex data requirements.
Philosophical Foundations of Climate Change Policy
There is widespread agreement that something must be done to combat anthropogenic climate change. And yet what is the extent of our obligations? It would clearly be unjust for us to allow global warming to reach dangerous levels. But what is the nature of this injustice? Providing a plausible philosophical specification of the wrongness of our present inaction has proven surprisingly difficult. Much of this is due to the temporal structure of the problem, or the fact that there is such a significant delay between our actions and the effects that they produce. Many normative theories that sound plausible when applied to contemporaneous problems generate surprising or perverse results when applied to problems that extend over long periods of time, involving effects on individuals who have not yet been born. So while states have a range of sensible climate change policies at their disposal, the philosophical foundations of these policies remains indeterminate. By far the most influential philosophical position has been the variant of utilitarianism most popular among economists, which maintains that we have an obligation to maximize the well-being of all people, from now until the end of time. Climate change represents an obvious failure of maximization. Many environmental philosophers, however, find this argument unpersuasive, because it also implies that we have an obligation to maximize economic growth. Yet their attempts to provide alternative foundations for policy have proven unpersuasive. Joseph Heath presents an approach to thinking about climate change policy grounded in social contract theory, which focuses on the fairness of existing institutions, not the welfare of future generations, in order to generate a set of plausible policy prescriptions.
Progress and Prospects in the Management of Oxyanion Polluted Aqua Systems
This book is a compendium of research efforts and findings on the sources, occurrences, hydrochemistry, and several operating variables that influence the presence of oxyanions in aqua system. The content of this book has been designed to provide an insightful account of an array of innovative technologies for the management of the impacts of oxyanions in water, the progress and drawbacks of these technologies and those that have been effectively deployed to transform oxyanions in water to beneficial species. This book further x-rays global laws and economic policies targeted at effectively curtailing the presence of harmful oxyanions in water, challenges facing these policies, and future perspectives on how best to reduce the level of these harmful oxyanions in water to safe limit. The book is relevant to water professionals, policy makers, academics, and research students.
Scaling in Ecology with a Model System
A groundbreaking approach to scale and scaling in ecological theory and practice Scale is one of the most important concepts in ecology, yet researchers often find it difficult to find ecological systems that lend themselves to its study. Scaling in Ecology with a Model System synthesizes nearly three decades of research on the ecology of Sarracenia purpurea-the northern pitcher plant-showing how this carnivorous plant and its associated food web of microbes and macrobes can inform the challenging question of scaling in ecology. Drawing on a wealth of findings from their pioneering lab and field experiments, Aaron Ellison and Nicholas Gotelli reveal how the Sarracenia microecosystem has emerged as a model system for experimental ecology. Ellison and Gotelli examine Sarracenia at a hierarchy of spatial scales-individual pitchers within plants, plants within bogs, and bogs within landscapes-and demonstrate how pitcher plants can serve as replicate miniature ecosystems that can be studied in wetlands throughout the United States and Canada. They show how research on the Sarracenia microecosystem proceeds much more rapidly than studies of larger, more slowly changing ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, lakes, or streams, which are more difficult to replicate and experimentally manipulate. Scaling in Ecology with a Model System offers new insights into ecophysiology and stoichiometry, demography, extinction risk and species distribution models, food webs and trophic dynamics, and tipping points and regime shifts.
Recipe for Survival
What can you do to improve your health and at the same time improve the health of our home planet? Do you want to be a healthier and more sustainable consumer? In this straightforward, easy-to-understand and entertaining book, dietitian and environmentalist Dr. Dana Ellis Hunnes outlines the actions we can all take. Many people feel overwhelmed by the scope of climate change and believe that only large, sweeping changes will make any difference. Yet the choices we make every day can have effects on climate change, the oceans, the land, and other species. This book outlines the problems we are facing, and then presents ideas or 'recipes' to empower us, to help us all make a difference. Recipe For Survival provides the guidance that you can use right now to improve your health, your family's health, and the health of the environment simultaneously.
Seaweeds as Plant Fertilizer, Agricultural Biostimulants and Animal Fodder
This book discusses the use of certain seaweed extracts and their effects on the environment. This book covers the benefits of seaweeds in an agricultural sense (better seed germination, higher quality fruit production, increased crop production, etc.), as well as utilizing seaweed in livestock feed.
Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution
During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.
Successful Building Using EcoDesign
The notion of ecodesign has now clearly become part of the building sector. It involves taking into consideration environmental issues that are indispensible in constructing our living environment. However, this method, which is industrial in origin, clearly shows that buildings are not the result of simply adding up technical rules. A much more demanding process underpins their development, one that engages all stakeholders in the industry and leads them towards using a new practice involving multi-criteria choices that are never unique. The object of this work is to review each of the stages in a building operation to illustrate the necessity of optimization and to observe the useful contribution that ecodesign and its tools can make. Ecodesign has been tackled from the professional point of view of those involved in construction work. In this perspective, the central tool is clearly that of the life cycle analysis (LCA). This book therefore describes the different steps of a project management cycle in accordance with a functional analysis. The product achievement is evaluated with the life cycle analysis which can be used as a measurement of its efficiency.
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping Using Drastic Model
This book shows the effectiveness of DRASTIC model in a geographical setting for validation of vulnerable zones and presents the optimization of parameters for the development of precise maps highlighting several zones with varied contamination. Impact of vadose zone has also been assessed by considering every sub-surface layer.Exclusive title covering effectiveness of DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessmentReviews of the strengths and limitations of assessment methods Presents multi-criteria evaluation of hydro-geological and anthropogenic factors Discusses integration with geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) Includes application of groundwater governance framework with a case study study of a geographical setting
Food Packaging
FOOD PACKAGING: Innovations and Shelf-Life covers recently developments on food packaging and their influence in food quality preservation and shelf-life extension. The book also reviews sustainable and environmentally friendly packaging solutions. The book includes the following main topics: -Active and Intelligent Packaging-Bio-based Materials-Micro and Nano Materials-Packaging Design-Packaging Production and Characterization -Interaction between Packaging and Food -Regulatory Aspects It is an ideal reference source for government, industry, and academia professionals working in the areas of food science and technology.
Earth Detox
Every person on our home planet is affected by a worldwide deluge of man-made chemicals and pollutants - most of which have never been tested for safety. Our chemical emissions are six times larger than our total greenhouse gas emissions. They are in our food, our water, the air we breathe, our homes and workplaces, the things we use each day. This universal poisoning affects our minds, our bodies, our genes, our grandkids, and all life on Earth. Julian Cribb describes the full scale of the chemical catastrophe we have unleashed. He proposes a new Human Right - not to be poisoned. He maps an empowering and hopeful way forward: to rid our planet of these toxins and return Earth to the clean, healthy condition which our forebears enjoyed, and our grandchildren should too.
Climate Change, Science, and the Politics of Shared Sacrifice
Designed for undergraduate courses that cover climate change politics within environmental studies, politics, and international relations courses, Climate Change, Science, and The Politics of Shared Sacrifice integrates science and policy within each chapter by considering technical issues as well as their political implications. It reflects the recent changes in US climate policy under President Biden, as well as by other international actors, and covers recent technological advances, including carbon capture, storage and solar energy efficiency. This text presents the questions students need to address in an interdisciplinary approach to perhaps the most encompassing and "wicked" threat to our well-being in the 21st Century. It addresses the impacts of climate change, the history of international negotiations leading to the Paris Agreement and its possible "ambition gap," approaches to decarbonization by nations and economic sectors, and efforts to construct post-fossil fuel energy systems. It also considers implications of recent technological advancements in energy and its distribution, the debate about the "social cost of carbon," the economic costs of adapting to climate change, and the proper roles of individuals versus governments, corporations, and environmental groups. More than a dozen applied exercises and case studies at the conclusion of each chapter further illustrate the timeliness of the subject matter and give students "hands on" experience with role-playing exercises as United Nations negotiators, or Peruvian peasants suing a German utility company, to give a few examples. The text addresses the "collective action problem" early in the text, discussing the strength of the scientific evidence, the failure to come to terms with related social and political problems, and the scope of the problem and why so little has been done. At a theoretical level, the text addresses the discord between theories of collective action and interest groups for explaining inaction on climate policy. The text also considers the increasingly prevalent view of climate change as a security threat affecting some groups and countries more than others; it considers the need of some countries to adapt as well as addressing the more traditional approach of mitigating climate change. The second part of the book discusses that while there is no single magical solution, there are many partial solutions which could contain global climate change within prescribed limits. We also discuss forms of solving the political, social, and economic problems stemming from climate change, but note that different solutions produce different "winners" and "losers." Changes to how we produce and consume energy will be driven by market forces, thoughtful policy, and by steady efforts to inform the public. The instructor resources site includes access to chapter graphics, class PowerPoints, and case study sample solutions.
Practicing Circular Economy
Circular Economy (CE) is considered as one of the important strategies in addressing Sustainable Development Goals. Practicing Circular Economy provides an overview of CE, covering its evolution, describing the key concepts, programs, policies, and regulations. It illustrates several business opportunities over a hundred hand-picked case studies that encompass numerous sectors, various scales of operations and geographies. Another unique feature of the book is the activities listed in each chapter to invoke thoughts, frame assignments, and generate discussions. Each chapter lists key additional reading materials and takeaways.Aimed at mid- and senior-level managers, policy makers, investors, entrepreneurs, consultants, researchers, professors, and academic students involved in the subject of environmental management and sustainability, this book: Introduces the evolution of CE to clarify the key concepts and introduce some of the important global programs and initiatives CE economy with case studies Gives a global overview of adoption of CE covering countries such as India, Japan, Korea, China, EU, North America, Australia, and several more Includes information on methodologies followed, tools, and knowledge resources for practicing CE Provides insight to the business models with numerous case studies covering product design, manufacturing, and services and the role of innovation and financing Presents a comprehensive overview of opportunities in CE in sectors such as textile, steel, agriculture, and food Covers newly emerging paradigms of CE such as regional circular economy, circular supply chains, and sustainable procurement and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CE Practicing Circular Economy is thus an important resource for every circular economy practitioner and especially to those who aspire to make a career in circular economy.
Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (Sepls)
Foreword.- Preface.- Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Reconciling community livelihood needs and biodiversity conservation in Taita Hills forests for improved livelihoods and transformational management of the landscape.- Chapter 3. Degraded landscape transformed into foodland and woodland by village agroforestry.- Chapter 4. Long-term tracking of multiple benefits of participatory forest restoration in marginal cultural landscapes in Himalaya.- Chapter 5. Social-ecological transformation through planting mixed tree species on abandoned agricultural land in the hills of Nepal.- Chapter 6. Transformative change through ecological consumption and production of ancient wheat varieties in Tuscany, Italy.- Chapter 7. Sustainable rural development and water resources management on a hilly landscape: A case study of Gonglaoping community, Taichung, ROC (Chinese Taipei).- Chapter 8. Transformative change in peri-urban SEPLS and green infrastructure strategies: An analysis from the local to the regional scales in Galicia (NW Spain).- Chapter 9. Water with Integrated Local Delivery (WILD) for transformative change in socio-ecological management.- Chapter 10. Traditional landscape appropriation of Afro-descendants and collective titling in the Colombian Pacific region: lessons for a transformative change.- Chapter 11. Climate change resiliency through mangrove conservation: the case of Alitas farmers of Infanta, Philippines.- Chapter 12. Improvement of human and environmental health through waste management in Antigua and Barbuda.- Chapter 13. Synthesis: Conception, approaches and strategies for transformative.
Elements of Marine Ecology
Elements of Marine Ecology, Fifth Edition focuses on marine ecology as a coherent science, providing undergraduate students with an essential foundation of knowledge in the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. The text reflects ecological groupings such as the pelagic lifestyle vs. the benthic lifestyle. In addition, background oceanographic material, previously in various chapters, is consolidated in the first chapter. The broad definition of ecology is the study of organisms in relation to their surroundings. This book presents marine ecology as a coherent science, providing undergraduate students with an essential foundation of knowledge in the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to meet the needs of today's courses and now includes worldwide examples, all thoroughly updated with brand new chapters.
Socio-Economic and Eco-Biological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation
This book presents the outcomes of the 2017 national workshop and international conference organized by CEENR of ISEC, Bengaluru and Assam University Silchar. Addressing the threats to biodiversity and sustainable development resulting from the impacts of human induced pressures on ecosystems and global-warming-driven climate change is a major challenge. It requires increased knowledge and an enhanced information base in order to devise local policies to improve the adaptive capacity of vulnerable socio-ecological systems in developing countries. In this context, the book presents research that has the potential to benefit the environment and empower communities. It appeals to researchers investigating diverse aspects of socio-ecological-biological systems to create strategies for resource use, conservation and management to ensure sustainability.
Transparent Water Management Theory
1. Introduction1.1. Water Security, Governance or Management1.2. Bounded Rationality2. Terminology2.1. Water Use System (WUS)2.2. Pillars: Quantity, Quality, Benefits2.3. Water Use and Reuse2.4. Binary Opposites in Water2.5. Water Loss of flows and systems2.5.1. Unrecoverables3. Theory3.1. Five FIWs (Foundational Ideas about a WUS)3.2. Learning with Stakeholders3.3. Smart Water Use Systems4. Sefficiency (Sustainable efficiency)4.1. Proof of Sefficiency Indicators4.2. Levels of Management4.3. Weights4.3.1. Quality attribute4.3.2. Beneficial attribute4.3.3. Usefulness Criterion4.4. Trade-offs4.4.1. Jevons Paradox4.4.2. Differentials4.4.3. Graphs 4.5. Alternatives4.5.1. Classical Efficiency4.5.2. Water Productivity4.5.3. Effective Efficiency4.5.4. Resiliency5. Sequity (Sustainable equity)5.1. Segments5.2. Equity Revisited5.3. Targets5.4. Policies5.4.1. Type I5.4.2. Type II5.4.3. Type III5.4.4. Type IV5.5. Reality Check5.6. Phases in decision-making6. Applications 6.1. An Illusion6.2. Urban 16.3. Urban 26.4. Farm6.5. Water, Energy, Food7. Annexes7.1. Symbols7.2. Sefficiency template7.3. Equivalency7.4. Evapotranspiration 7.4.1. Temperature7.4.2. Penman-Monteith7.4.3. Hargreaves-SamaniReferences
Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities
Urbanization is a global phenomenon and the book emphasizes that this is not just a social-technological process. It is also a social-ecological process where cities are places for nature, and where cities also are dependent on, and have impacts on, the biosphere at different scales from local to global. The book is a global assessment and delivers four main conclusions: Urban areas are expanding faster than urban populations. Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecosystem health, and biodiversityUrban expansion will heavily draw on natural resources, including water, on a global scale, and will often consume prime agricultural land, with knock-on effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services elsewhereFuture urban expansion will often occur in areas where the capacity for formal governance is restricted, which will constrain the protection of biodiversity and management of ecosystem services
