How Life is Different
The book examines basic principles of the structure and organization of living organisms and their differences from objects of inanimate nature. It is shown how a single program-information structure permeates all evolutionary stages of life, including the cell, multicellular organisms and humans.
Cyanobacteria Biotechnology
Unites a biological and a biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria, and includes the industrial aspects and applications of cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria Biotechnology offers a guide to the interesting and useful features of cyanobacteria metabolism that keeps true to a biotechnology vision. In one volume the book brings together both biology and biotechnology to illuminate the core acpects and principles of cyanobacteria metabolism. Designed to offer a practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria, the book contains relevant examples of how this metabolic "module" is currently being engineered and how it could be engineered in the future. The author includes information on the requirements and real-world experiences of the industrial applications of cyanobacteria. This important book: Brings together biology and biotechnology in order to gain insight into the industrial relevant topic of cyanobacteria Introduces the key aspects of the metabolism of cyanobacteria Presents a grounded, practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria Offers an analysis of the requirements and experiences for industrial cyanobacteria Provides a framework for readers to design their own processes Written for biotechnologists, microbiologists, biologists, biochemists, Cyanobacteria Biotechnology provides a systematic and clear volume that brings together the biological and biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria.
Understanding Development
Developmental biology is seemingly well understood, with development widely accepted as being a series of programmed changes through which an egg turns into an adult organism, or a seed matures into a plant. However, the picture is much more complex than that: is it all genetically controlled or does environment have an influence? Is the final adult stage the target of development and everything else just a build-up to that point? Are developmental strategies the same in plants as in animals? How do we consider development in single-celled organisms? In this concise, engaging volume, Alessandro Minelli, a leading developmental biologist, addresses these key questions. Using familiar examples and easy-to-follow arguments, he offers fresh alternatives to a number of preconceptions and stereotypes, awakening the reader to the disparity of developmental phenomena across all main branches of the tree of life.
Understanding Development
Developmental biology is seemingly well understood, with development widely accepted as being a series of programmed changes through which an egg turns into an adult organism, or a seed matures into a plant. However, the picture is much more complex than that: is it all genetically controlled or does environment have an influence? Is the final adult stage the target of development and everything else just a build-up to that point? Are developmental strategies the same in plants as in animals? How do we consider development in single-celled organisms? In this concise, engaging volume, Alessandro Minelli, a leading developmental biologist, addresses these key questions. Using familiar examples and easy-to-follow arguments, he offers fresh alternatives to a number of preconceptions and stereotypes, awakening the reader to the disparity of developmental phenomena across all main branches of the tree of life.
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, which are ubiquitously present in bacterial genomes, are not essential for normal cell proliferation. The TA systems regulate fundamental cellular processes, facilitate survival under stress conditions, have essential roles in virulence and represent potential therapeutic targets. These genetic TA loci are also shown to be involved in the maintenance of successful multidrug-resistant mobile genetic elements. The TA systems are classified as types I to VI, according to the nature of the antitoxin and to the mode of toxin inhibition. Type II TA systems encode a labile antitoxin and its stable toxin; degradation of the antitoxin renders a free toxin, which is bacteriostatic by nature. A free toxin generates a reversible state with low metabolic activity (quiescence) by affecting important functions of bacterial cells such as transcription, translation, DNA replication, replication and cell-wall synthesis, biofilm formation, phage predation, the regulation of nucleotide pool, etc., whereas antitoxins are toxin inhibitors. Under stress conditions, the TA systems might form networks. To understand the basis of the unique response of TA systems to stress, the prime causes of the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and their contribution to therapy failure and the development of chronic and recurrent infections, must be known in order to grasp how TA systems contribute to the mechanisms of phenotypic heterogeneity and pathogenesis that will enable the rational development of new treatments for infections caused by pathogens.
Microbial Biotechnology Approaches to Monuments of Cultural Heritage
Our country's cultural legacy is one of the world's most diverse, drawing millions of visitors every year to our convents and monuments, and to our museums, libraries, concert halls and festivals. In addition, it is a dynamic trigger of economic activity and jobs. Among the various scientific branches, microbial biotechnology offers an innovative and precise approach to the complexity of problems that restorers face in their daily work. This book discusses a range of topics, including the biodiversity of microbial communities from various cultural heritage monuments, microbial biotechnological cleaning techniques, the role of bacterial fungal communities for the conservation of cultural heritage, and microbial enzymes and their potential applications as biorestoration agents. Written by internationally recognized experts, and providing up-to-date and detailed insights into microbial biotechnology approaches to cultural heritage monuments, the book is a valuable resource forbiological scientists, especially microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists and microbial biotechnologists.
Prevalence, Fate and Effects of Plastic in Freshwater Environments
Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments.
Marine Compounds and Cancer
The very first marine-derived anticancer drug, Cytarabine (aka Ara-C, Cytosar-U(R)), was approved by the FDA in 1969 for the treatment of leukemia. At the beginning of 2021, the list of approved marine-derived anticancer drugs consists of nine substances, five of which received approval within the last two years, demonstrating the rapid evolution of the field. The current book is a collection of scientific articles related to the exponentially growing field of anticancer marine compounds. These articles cover the whole field, from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of compounds under clinical development.
Inoculating Cities
Inoculating Cities: Case Studies of Urban Pandemic Preparedness begins with a brief historical description of infectious disease outbreaks in cities as well as an overview of infectious disease outbreaks since 2000 that hold profound implications for cities and urban environments - such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, Ebola virus in 2014, Zika virus in 2015, and more recently, COVID-19 in 2020. Each of these outbreaks affected different geographies of the world and underscored the importance of urban pandemic preparedness or urban health security as a means of mitigating the threats posed by infectious diseases. This book describes several of the characteristics of cities that make them uniquely vulnerable to infectious disease threats which include, but are not limited to, their population density, population diversity, internal and external population movements, and inequalities in cities. Finally, the book discusses frameworks and capacities that are essential for preparing cities to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks. With contributions from experts and researchers with first-hand experiences with infectious disease outbreaks, their impact on the management of disease, and pandemic preparedness in progressively urban societies, Inoculating Cities addresses the unique threats infectious diseases pose to urban environments and surveys innovative models that cities are using to combat these threats.
Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration
Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration focuses on the molecular and cellular fundamentals of homeostatic and defense responses of tissue barriers, covering the damaging impacts and exposure to pathogens and engineered nanomaterials. Sections emphasize the role of mesenchymal stoma, vascular, epithelial, telocyte, myofibroblast, lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells, along with reactions that bridge the effects of ambient factors, medical treatments, drag delivery systems with alterations in barrier integrity, tissue/organ functions, and metabolic status. Other sections cover the role of progenitor cells of different origins in the remodeling and regeneration of tissue stroma, vasculature of blood-tissue barriers, and more.
Principles and Labs for Deep Learning
Principles and Labs for Deep Learning provides the knowledge and techniques needed to help readers design and develop deep learning models. Deep Learning techniques are introduced through theory, comprehensively illustrated, explained through the TensorFlow source code examples, and analyzed through the visualization of results. The structured methods and labs provided by Dr. Huang and Dr. Le enable readers to become proficient in TensorFlow to build deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) through custom APIs, high-level Keras APIs, Keras Applications, and TensorFlow Hub. Each chapter has one corresponding Lab with step-by-step instruction to help the reader practice and accomplish a specific learning outcome. Deep Learning has been successfully applied in diverse fields such as computer vision, audio processing, robotics, natural language processing, bioinformatics and chemistry. Because of the huge scope of knowledge in Deep Learning, a lot of time is required to understand and deploy useful, working applications, hence the importance of this new resource. Both theory lessons and experiments are included in each chapter to introduce the techniques and provide source code examples to practice using them. All Labs for this book are placed on GitHub to facilitate the download. The book is written based on the assumption that the reader knows basic Python for programming and basic Machine Learning.
Death and resurrection from the point of view of the cell-theory
Unlock the mysteries of life and death with ""Death and Resurrection from the Point of View of the Cell-Theory"" by Gustaf Bj繹rklund, a groundbreaking work that has been out of print for decades and is now lovingly republished by Alpha Editions. This edition is not just a reprint; it's a collector's item and a cultural treasure, meticulously restored for today's and future generations. Dive into the profound exploration of biological resurrection and the intricate dance of life and death in cells. Bj繹rklund's insightful examination of cellular life cycles and the biological processes that govern existence offers readers a unique perspective on the scientific exploration of death. With a focus on understanding cell theory, this book invites you to ponder the delicate balance between life and death, revealing the remarkable potential for cellular regeneration. Bj繹rklund's work stands as a significant contribution to the field of biology, merging scientific inquiry with philosophical reflection. His eloquent prose and innovative ideas resonate with both casual readers and classic literature collectors, making this book a must-have for anyone interested in the biology of resurrection and the deeper meanings of life itself. Whether you are a student of science, a lover of literature, or simply curious about the biological perspectives on life, this book will inspire and enlighten. Experience the timeless relevance of Bj繹rklund's insights as they bridge the gap between past and present, offering a fresh lens through which to view the complexities of existence. Don't miss your chance to own this remarkable work that has shaped our understanding of death in biology. Embrace the journey of discovery and let ""Death and Resurrection from the Point of View of the Cell-Theory"" transform your perspective on life, death, and everything in between.
What in the World is Melanoma?
WHAT IN THE WORLD IS MELANOMA? is a collection of vital information about Melanoma, a skin cancer which is caused by an abnormal growth of the cells that produce melanin. Various factors of the cancer are analyzed such as environmental and genetic causes as well as the history of cases reported. The current, ongoing research regarding Melanoma as well as the future of the cancer will be explored further in the book.
What in the World is DNA?
What in the World is DNA gives the reader a comprehensive understanding of the ins and outs of DNA. This book discusses topics from who discovered DNA, to the connection of DNA and genetics. There has been an extensive amount of research about the history, present, and future of DNA to create this full scope book. It also explores opposing viewpoints as well as its presence in pop culture. While covering all of the scientific details about DNA, this book presents it in a way that any reader would be able to understand.
Beneficial Plant-Bacterial Interactions
Introduction to Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria.- Resource Acquisition.- Modulating Phytohormone Levels.- Some Techniques to Elaborate Plant-Microbe Interactions.- Biocontrol Mechanisms.- Environmental Interactions.- Phytoremediation Issues Regarding the Use of PGPB.
Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phosphatidylinositol Monophosphate 5-Kinase 2 in Lateral Root Development, Gravitropism and Salt Tolerance
The functional characterization of a key enzyme in the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling pathway in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is the focus of the research summarised in this thesis. Moreover, a particular focus is the exploration of the biological functions of Arabidopsis phophatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 2 (PIP5K2) which catalyzes the synthesis of phophatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, the precursor of two important second messengers (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol). Through molecular and genetic approaches, the author isolated and characterized the expression pattern, physiological functions and the underlying mechanism of Arabidopsis PIP5K2. It is found that PIP5K2 is involved in regulating lateral root formation and root gravity response through modulating auxin accumulation and polar auxin transport and also plays a critical role in salt tolerance. These findings shed new light on the crosstalk between PI signaling and auxin response, both of which have crucial regulatory roles in plant development.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Diseases
Chapter 1. Preface.- Chapter 2.Introduction.- Chapter 2.1. Oxidative stress and its biological significance.- Chapter 2.2. Free radicals and biological systems.- Chapter 2.3.Oxidative stress balance system.- Chapter 3. Role of oxidative stress in aging process.- Chapter 4. Oxidative stress in diseases.- Chapter 4.1. Oxidative stress in neurology and in neurodegenerative processes.- Chapter 4.2. Oxidative stress and Cardiology.- Chapter 4.3. Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.- Chapter 4.4.Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis.- Chapter 4.5. Oxidative stress and cancer.- Chapter 4.6. Oxidative stress in respiratory diseases.- Chapter 4.7. Oxidative stress and epigenetics.- Chapter 5. Oxidative stress monitoring using in vitro and in vivo models.- Chapter 6. Detection of oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors.- Chapter 7. Pharmaceutical treatments and strategies for anti-oxidative stress.- Chapter 8. Effects of exercise training to the oxidative stress treatment.- Chapter 9. Advancements in novel drug delivery systems: Providing a challenge and threat to oxidative stress in various diseases.- Chapter 10. Future prospects and challenges.- Chapter 11. Bibliography.- Chapter 12. Glossary.
Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine
The information given in this book tries to capture the essence of the sheer dynamicity of the cell along with useful tips on how to address critical rate limiting steps in the process of exploration and investigation of its capacity to regenerate, rebuild and replenish from within. The definitions of stem cells, stemness, and the niche concept continue to undergo revisions. In adult vertebrates, hematopoietic and some non-hematopoietic progenitors are synthesized within specialized niches of bone marrow. They migrate to designated tissues, and are either trans-differentiated or become quiescent and settle down. These form the stem cell niche reservoir in all tissues. Not only the primary hematopoietic tissue but all organs and tissues are also capable of generating progenitors which are either synthesized from these migrants or are direct recruits from other tissues. In the niches, the cells settle down and await their turn to either make more clones like themselves or differentiate and mobilize in an exigency. Thus progenitors are important reserves, to be multiplied and deployed or travel as important message bearing molecules via blood as circulating progenitors which can home to their allocated destinations. Upon reaching, specific integrins and selectins help them "dock" and "port" and they may be reprogrammed to induce further differentiation and help repopulate the denuded tissue. In pulmonary fibrosis and asthma, progenitors from both systemic circulation and local stem cell niches have been found to participate in the myriad ramifications of repair, replacement and regeneration of lost or diseased tissue. Whether they are lung specific or global in origin and role remain to be explored. Research tools, fundamental concepts, techniques, methodologies and standard operating protocols and animal models and human extrapolations, have been discussed in a concise way along with detailed description and discussion on the appropriate rationale to introduce the subject to the casual reader and provide valuable tactical information to the specialist in Regenerative Medicine. I sincerely hope you enjoy the work and appreciate the hard work that has gone into designing and executing elegant experiments by many researchers in the field. The branch is multi-disciplinary and I hope that the readers will not be limited to biologists alone.
Happy Cells!
This children‛s story is a simplified telling of the process of mitosis, a crucial component in the growth and development of organisms. This book is written to provide children with the building blocks of this important process in a creative and exciting way, preparing them as they move forward in learning about the amazing human body!
What in the World are Viruses
Viruses in humans can be traced back to the 1900s. Smallpox and measles are the oldest, and as of 2012, 219 virus species affecting humans were identified. Among them are Yellow fever, influenza, Zika, Polio, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Ebola and Corona virus, which was discovered in 2019. Viruses were discovered over a period of time through rigorous processes which continue to be utilized with the application of new knowledge, which makes new findings modify and rediscover their inevitability. What in the World are Viruses? Each chapter in this book helps the reader sift through individual themes of well-researched and articulated articles for easy understanding written to contribute towards building on existing knowledge on viruses. The impact of viruses on humans cannot be ignored, especially in this era where the world is grappling with the effects of Corona Virus that has claimed many lives worldwide. The impact of virus outbreaks on a macro scale in society has been felt globally with disruptions of economies and livelihoods. Against this background, this publication explores the importance of studying viruses, particularly their effect on individuals. A chapter in the book looks at how a virus affects society, unearthing how a pandemic affects the global supply chain, how easily hospitals can become overwhelmed, the economic impact of viruses, and the positive impact that viruses have on society. Effects make the issue of viruses of utmost importance to study. Researching on viruses has improved knowledge to find solutions through vaccines' discovery, identifying preventive measures to eradicate the danger that viruses present to humans. Anti-viral treatments are available in the world today as a solution to fight against viruses. With this, many lives have been saved as people continue to access treatment. Although controversies surrounding viruses exist, they do not deter research on viruses from continuing. Information contained in this publication will add value to your knowledge base; this is why you should take time to read and enjoy the book.
Upscaling of Bio-Nano-Processes
Introduction.- Part I: Particle Synthesis and Functionalization.- New Advances in the Production of Iron-Based Nanostructures by Laser Pyrolysis.- Chemical Coprecipitation for Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Magnetite Nanoparticles.- Magnetic Microgels: Synthesis and Characterization.- Vesicles and Composite Particles by Rotating Membrane Pore Extrusion.- Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetic Beads Using Spray Drying.- Industrial Production, Surface Modification and Application of Magnetic Particles.- Part II: Magnetic Separation Devices.- Magneticall Enhanced Centrifugation for Industrial Use.- Design and Performance of a Pilot Scale High-Gradient Magnetic Filter using a Mandhala Magnet and its Application for Soy-Whey Protein Purification.- Continuous Magnetic Extraction for Protein Purification.- Part III: Process examples.- In-situ Magnetic Separation of Pilot Scale: A Tool for Process Optimization.- An Industrial Approach to High-Gradient Magnetic Filtration in the Food Industry.- Conclusion.
Arctic Marine Sustainability
This book presents the latest scientific views on resource use conflicts in the Arctic seas. The main areas of focus are the biological resources of Arctic seas vs. exploitation of oil and gas resources, and the conflicts in between. In addition, climate change is presented as a stressor, which both limits and facilitates the economic availability of resources in the Arctic. The book is divided into five parts. Part 1 examines Arctic ecosystems, resilience of the marine environment and possible conflicts between industrial sector and biological world. The focus of Part 2 is on transport infrastructure along the northern routes. Issues such as Arctic maritime operations, black carbon and unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. Part 3 focuses on resource use conflicts in Arctic seas and on the most recent threats in terms of Arctic oil and gas exploration, offshore logistics operations as well as transportation of oil and oil products. Discussions in Part 4 of the book are concentrated around social aspects and involvement of local communities. Tourism development, preservation of indigenous culture, engagement of communities on relevant Arctic issues, search and rescue in the cold marine environment are examples of questions raised. The book reviews Arctic-specific petroleum regulations, the state of preparedness to oil spill accidents in the region as well as the latest developments in oil spill response technologies and their limitations. Search and rescue operations are reviewed and how working in this harsh Arctic environment affects the ability of rescue technicians to perform the required technical skills. Part 5 considers the sustainability challenges arising from the marine resource exploitation. The focus is on the vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems to disturbance - both natural and anthropogenic.
Aquacultural Facilities and Equipment
Aquaculture Facilities and Equipment is a practical resource on the technical aspects needed for experts in the field to understand a high-performance aquaculture facility, its design and form, and the materials and systems used within the facility. The book is written at a level suitable for both field experts and students alike. It includes topics such as pond construction machinery, pumps for aquaculture, aeration for aquaculture, fish feeders, filtration systems in aquaculture, hatchery, raceways and tanks, and cage and pen culture. This book is based on 30 years of research that is presented as a useful reference to enhance efficient aquaculture production. It will be very helpful for experts working in related fields of fishery development and for those teaching fishery science and engineering courses.
Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine
This volume presents the current state of laser-assisted bioprinting, a cutting edge tissue engineering technology. Nineteen chapters discuss the most recent developments in using this technology for engineering different types of tissue. Beginning with an overview, the discussion covers bioprinting in cell viability and pattern viability, tissue microfabrication to study cell proliferation, microenvironment for controlling stem cell fate, cell differentiation, zigzag cellular tubes, cartilage tissue engineering, osteogenesis, vessel substitutes, skin tissue and much more. Because bioprinting is on its way to becoming a dominant technology in tissue-engineering, Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine is essential reading for those researching or working in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering or translational research. Those studying or working with stem cells who are interested in the development of the field will also find the information invaluable.
Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology
Phylogenetic comparative approaches are powerful analytical tools for making evolutionary inferences from interspecific data and phylogenies. The phylogenetic toolkit available to evolutionary biologists is currently growing at an incredible speed, but most methodological papers are published in the specialized statistical literature and many are incomprehensible for the user community. This textbook provides an overview of several newly developed phylogenetic comparative methods that allow to investigate a broad array of questions on how phenotypic characters evolve along the branches of phylogeny and how such mechanisms shape complex animal communities and interspecific interactions. The individual chapters were written by the leading experts in the field and using a language that is accessible for practicing evolutionary biologists. The authors carefully explain the philosophy behind different methodologies and provide pointers - mostly using a dynamically developing online interface - on how these methods can be implemented in practice. These "conceptual" and "practical" materials are essential for expanding the qualification of both students and scientists, but also offer a valuable resource for educators. Another value of the book are the accompanying online resources (available at: http: //www.mpcm-evolution.com), where the authors post and permanently update practical materials to help embed methods into practice.
Protein Reviews - Purinergic Receptors
The Protein Reviews series serves as a publication vehicle for reviews that focus on crucial contemporary and vital aspects of protein structure, function, evolution and genetics. Volume 20, Purinergic Receptors, has ten chapters. The first five chapters deal with various aspects of membrane binding. The first chapter focuses on the phox-homology (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide-binding domain conserved in all eukaryotes and present in forty-nine human proteins. The next chapter deals with the modeling of PH domains/phosphoinositides interactions. This is followed by a chapter on BAR domain proteins regulate Rho GTPase signaling. The BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) domain is a membrane lipid binding domain present in a wide variety of proteins, often proteins with a role in Rho-regulated signaling pathways. The fourth article presents AP180 N-terminal homology (ANTH) and Epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domains and discusses their physiological functions and involvement in disease. The fifth article reviews the polyphosphoinositide-binding domains and presents insights from peripheral membrane and lipid-transfer proteins. This is followed by a chapter on the physiological functions of phosphoinositide-modifying enzymes and their interacting proteins in Arabidopsis, then by a chapter on the molecular mechanisms of Vaspin action in various tissues such as adipose tissue, skin, bone, blood vessels, and the brain. The eighth chapter deals with exceptionally selective substrate targeting by the metalloprotease anthrax lethal factor followed by an article on Salmonella, E. coli, and Citrobacter type III secretion system effector proteins that alter host innate immunity. The last chapter presents New techniques to study intracellular receptors in living cells, with insights into RIG-I-like receptor signaling. Volume 20 is intended for research scientists, clinicians, physicians and graduate students in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Comparative Pathobiology of Viral Diseases
First Published in 1985, this book offers a full insight into the differences and similarities between varying diseases. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Rice By-Products: Phytochemicals and Food Products Application
Rice is a vitally important staple food for almost half of the world's population. As the global population increases, the demands for rice are expected to remain high. Since the rice industry will remain sustainable for a long time, the production of rice by-products will remain high. Substantial evidence suggests that rice by-products such as rice husk, rice straw, broken rice, rice germ, rice bran, and brewers' rice may possess beneficial effects against oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects have been linked to the phytochemicals present in rice by-products such as vitamin E, dietary fiber, γ-oryzanol, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and phytosterols. Despite this evidence, the literature pertaining to rice by-products and its derived components has not well been compiled. To this end, Rice By-products: Phytochemicals and Food Products Application provides full coverage of issues pertaining to rice by-products, namely rice demands and riceby-products production, phytonutrients and antioxidant properties of rice by-products, potential health benefits, application in food products, and future prospects. By summarizing all the information in a lucid and comprehensive manner, authors provide a cohesive representation of the literature on the molecular mechanisms involved in the pharmacological effects of the bioactive components that present in rice by-products, as well as plausible means for the prevention of metabolic disorders for readers and allied stakeholders.
Fixing Genes and Treating Disease
This book is for families, patients, medical professionals and the patient advocacy community. It discusses the history and science of gene therapy in a manner young children can understand.
Ninth Revolution, The: Transforming Food Systems for Good
We are at a critical point in human history and that of the planet. In this book, a world leader in agricultural research, Professor Sayed Azam-Ali, proposes a radical transformation of our agrifood system. He argues that agriculture must be understood as part of global biodiversity and that food systems have cultural, nutritional, and social values beyond market price alone. He describes the perilous risks of relying on just four staple crops for most of our food and the consequences of our current agrifood model on human and planetary health.In plain language for the wider public, students, researchers, and policy makers, Azam-Ali envisions the agrifood system as a global public good in which its practitioners include a new and different generation of farmers, its production systems link novel and traditional technologies, and its activities encompass landscapes, urban spaces, and controlled environments. The book concludes with a call to action in which diversification of species, systems, knowledge, cultures, and products all contribute to The Ninth Revolution that will transform food systems for good.
The Swordfish Hunters
The Defiance rises, then falls into the swells over the Hudson, one of the deepest submarine canyons in the North Atlantic. The crew is hunting the dangerous swordfish, the gladiator of the sea. Through the bone-chilling dawn they labor, pulling lines from the depths. Then - fish on! Killing stick in hand, the greenhorn leans over the rail of the pitching boat, scanning the churning water for the swordfish below. The first mate screams - "Gaff the damn eye." The greenhorn knows this fish is valuable. Boating it could make or break the trip for the entire crew; he cannot afford to miss. He also knows that this fish, one of the largest predators in the Atlantic, is increasingly harder to find. The Swordfish Hunters is Thomas Armbruster's raw, honest, and sometimes humorous experience of his time at sea as a greenhorn commercial fisherman. And it is also there, in the NW Atlantic, where he explores the dynamics and natural beauty of the open ocean against the brutality of mechanized longlining - the technology that has decimated wild fisheries for over 50 years - and the bigger story. Scientists warn that life on earth depends on abundant fish in healthy oceans, raising the question - can the fisheries. especially the swordfish, billfish, sharks and tuna at the top of the food chain, be returned to sustainable levels? While the author believes that new technology and an ecosystem approach to fisheries management are both positive directions, he is strongly convinced that public support of ocean conservation is also necessary.
?tzi Man
The ?tzi Man was a man who lived between 3400 and 3100 BCE and became frozen after his death. Upon the discovery of his body, scientists have been able to use it to further our knowledge of the time in which he lived. In this book, you will be able to learn about the history of the Otzi Man and kinds of information from after his discovery, including: the Otzi Curse, the belongings he had with him, and his status in today's society.
Advances in Applied Microbiology, 115
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 115 continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic of microbiology, with this release focusing on the preparation of functional oligosaccharides using microbial coupling fermentation.
Carp and Mono-Sex Nile Tilapia Polyculture in a Cemented Tank
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Biology - Miscellaneous, language: English, abstract: Carp polyculture is the most common, popular, and successful aquaculture system in Nepal. Including mono-sex Nile tilapia in carp polyculture could enhance fish productivity. This present LEE work was conducted at the Fish hatchery complex of Fisheries Program, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, in a cemented tank of area 25 m簡 for 26 days to study the carp and mono-sex Nile tilapia in a polyculture system. The pond was fertilized using urea and DAP at the rate of 4,7 g/m簡/week and 3.5 g/m簡/week respectively. Fishes except Grass carp were fed twice daily with the pellet made from mustard oil cake and rice bran mixed at a 1:1 ratio at the rate of 5% BW. Grass carp were fed with duckweed at a rate of 50% BW twice a day from 7:30 am to 8 am and 1:30 pm to 2 pm. Water quality parameters i.e., water temperature, transparency, water depth, dissolved oxygen, and pH and were monitored daily while total alkalinity was monitored weekly. Sampling of fish was done fortnightly to check fish growth and adjust feed quantity. All the water quality parameters were within the optimal range of fish production except for DO which was very high during the afternoon. The extrapolated GFY and NFY were 14.5 t/ha/yr and 9.6 t/ha/yr, respectively. The overall survival of fish was 87% and AFCR was 1.4. The total variable cost and the production cost was NRs. 220/kg. Fishes were transferred to the Aquaculture farm, assuming the selling rate NRs. 300/kg. This makes the total gross return was of NRs. 875, making a total net profit of NRs. 327. The B: C ratio was 1.59. From this LEE work, it was concluded that carp and mono-sex Nile tilapia polyculture is a reliable and profitable venture to carry out.
The Biology Book
Learn about the most important discoveries and theories of this science in The Biology Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about Biology in this overview guide to the subject, great for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The Biology Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of Biology, with: - More than 95 ideas and events key to the development of biology and the life sciences- Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts- A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout- Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The Biology Book is a captivating introduction to understanding the living world and explaining how its organisms work and interact - whether microbes, mushrooms, or mammals. Here you'll discover key areas of the life sciences, including ecology, zoology, and biotechnology, through exciting text and bold graphics.Your Biology Questions, Simply Explained This book will outline big biological ideas, like the mysteries of DNA and genetic inheritance; and how we learned to develop vaccines that control diseases. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the living world, The Biology Book presents key information in an easy to follow layout. Here you'll learn about cloning, neuroscience, human evolution, and gene editing, and be introduced to the scientists who shaped these subjects, such as Carl Linnaeus, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, and Gregor Mendel. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The Biology Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
Plant Virus Emergence
This compilation of articles elaborates on plant virus diseases that are among the most recent epidemiological concerns. The chapters explore several paradigms in plant virus epidemiology, outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics paralleling zoonotic viruses and that can be consequential to global food security. There is evidence that the local, regional, national, and global trade of agricultural products has aided the global dispersal of plant virus diseases. Expanding farmlands into pristine natural areas has created opportunities for viruses in native landscapes to invade crops, while the movement of food and food products disseminates viruses, creating epidemics or pandemics. Moreover, plant virus outbreaks not only directly impact food supply, but also incidentally affect human health.
Networks of Networks in Biology
Biological systems are extremely complex and have emergent properties that cannot be explained or even predicted by studying their individual parts in isolation. The reductionist approach, although successful in the early days of molecular biology, underestimates this complexity. As the amount of available data grows, so it will become increasingly important to be able to analyse and integrate these large data sets. This book introduces novel approaches and solutions to the Big Data problem in biomedicine, and presents new techniques in the field of graph theory for handling and processing multi-type large data sets. By discussing cutting-edge problems and techniques, researchers from a wide range of fields will be able to gain insights for exploiting big heterogonous data in the life sciences through the concept of 'network of networks'.
Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker-Assisted Selection in Crops
The exploitation of biodiversity is essential to select resilient genotypes for sustainable cropping systems as one of the main challenges for plant breeding. Mapping traits of agronomic interest in specific genomic regions appears as another pivotal effort for the future development of novel cultivars. For this purpose, there is evidence that MAGIC and other exotic populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of improved cultivars. This Special Issue focused on the application of advanced technologies devoted to crop improvement and exploit the available biodiversity in crops. In detail, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies supported the development of high-density genotyping arrays for different plants included in this issue.
Low-Cost Sensors and Biological Signals
Many sensors are currently available at prices lower than USD 100 and cover a wide range of biological signals: motion, muscle activity, heart rate, etc. Such low-cost sensors have metrological features allowing them to be used in everyday life and clinical applications, where gold-standard material is both too expensive and time-consuming to be used. The selected papers present current applications of low-cost sensors in domains such as physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and affective technologies. The results cover various aspects of low-cost sensor technology from hardware design to software optimization.
Trees
What is a tree? Why are they so important to life on Earth? How do they eat, breathe, grow, communicate, and regenerate themselves? How many different kinds of trees are there and where do they live? In this beautiful pocket book, illustrated with rare old engravings and specially commissioned drawings, internationally renowned Finnish tree boffin Professor Olavi Huikari takes us on an unforgettable journey deep into the secrets of these huge and most majestic of life forms.
Adaptation and the Brain
Why does brain size vary so widely among vertebrate animal species? What role has natural selection played in shaping the structure and function of the vertebrate brain? This accessible book unravels the myriad adaptive explanations that have built up over decades, providing both a review and a critique of the work that has sought to explain which natural selection pressures have led to changes in brain size. Debate over the causes of variation in brain size, especially within extant humans and during the course of hominid evolution, has persisted for at least a couple of centuries. However, it was not until relatively recently that there has been sufficient data to allow a coherent (and taxonomically widespread) evolutionary perspective to emerge. The comparative approach employed by evolutionary biologists and behavioural ecologists has been particularly enlightening with regard to addressing variation in brain size. However, the extent to which correlational data - currently generated in some profusion - can provide a suitable explanation is not yet clear, and a constructively critical analysis of the relevant data is now timely. Five classes of selection pressure have formed the majority of explanations: ecology, technology, innovation, sex, and sociality. The book starts with a brief description of the difficulties of measuring both brain size and intelligence (cognition), before addressing the evidence for each of these five factors in turn. It argues that although ecology currently provides the most convincing explanation for variation in the size of brain regions, none of the factors yet offers a robust and compelling explanation for variation in whole brain size. The book concludes by looking forwards, suggesting the future steps necessary to reach such an explanation; steps that are challenging but now within reach. Adaptation and the Brain is suitable for graduate level students taking courses in animal behaviour and cognition, behavioural ecology, evolutionary ecology, psychology, and neuroscience as well as academics and professional researchers in these fields. The reader will not require a specific understanding of neuroscience, nor of the function of any particular brain region.
Fundamentals of Microbiome Science
An essential introduction to microbiome science, a new cutting-edge discipline that is transforming the life sciences This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. Resident microbes in healthy animals--including humans--can dictate many traits of the animal host. This animal microbiome is a second immune system conferring protection against pathogens; it can structure host metabolism in animals as diverse as reef corals and hibernating mammals; and it may influence animal behavior, from social recognition to emotional states. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet, and have contributed to animal diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Drawing on concepts and data across a broad range of disciplines and systems, Angela Douglas provides a conceptual framework for understanding these animal-microbe interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Douglas explains why microbiome science demands creative and interdisciplinary thinking--the capacity to combine microbiology with animal physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science. An essential introduction to a cutting-edge field that is revolutionizing the life sciences, this book explains why microbiome science presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for many medical conditions and new strategies for pest control.
Exuberant Life
The terrestrial organisms of the Gal獺pagos Islands live under conditions unlike those anywhere else. At the edge of a uniquely rich mid-ocean upwelling, their world is also free of mammalian predators and competitors, allowing them to live unbothered, exuberant lives. With its giant tortoises, marine iguanas, flightless cormorants, and forests of giant daisies, there's no question that this is a magnificent place. Long before people traversed the Earth, evolution endowed native species with adaptations to these special conditions and to perturbations like El Ni簽o events and periodic droughts. As the islands have grown ever-more connected with humanity, those same adaptations now make its species vulnerable. Today, the islands are best viewed as one big social-ecological system where the ability of each native organism to survive and reproduce is a product of human activity in addition to ecological circumstances. In this book, William H. Durham takes readers on a tour of Gal獺pagos and the organisms that inhabit these isolated volcanic islands. Exuberant Life offers a contemporary synthesis of what we know about the evolution of its curiously wonderful organisms, how they are faring in the tumultuous changing world around them, and how evolution can guide our efforts today for their conservation. The book highlights the ancestry of a dozen specific organisms in these islands, when and how they made it to the Gal獺pagos, as well as how they have changed in the meantime. Durham traces the strengths and weaknesses of each species, arguing that the mismatch between natural challenges of their habitats and the challenges humans have recently added is the main task facing conservation efforts today. Such analysis often provides surprises and suggestions not yet considered, like the potential benefits to joint conservation efforts between tree finches and tree daisies, or ways in which the peculiar evolved behaviors of Nazca and blue-footed boobies can be used to benefit both species today. In each chapter, a social-ecological systems framework is used to highlight links between human impact, including climate change, and species status today, Historically, the Gal獺pagos have played a central role in our understanding of evolution; what these islands now offer to teach us about conservation may well prove indispensable for the future of the planet.
Indian Herbal Medicines
This book discusses the scope and limitations of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of foods as medicines or medicinal coadjuvants in traditional Indian herbal therapies. The first chapter introduces readers to the relevance of the Ayurveda system, its holistic classification approach, applications of selected herbs and the demonstrable efficacy of herbal extracts in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility. In turn, the second chapter discusses the antimicrobial properties and kinetic mechanisms of inhibition ascribed to selected vegetable extracts. The third chapter addresses the antioxidant power of phenolic compounds from vegetable products and herbal extracts. The book closes with a review of natural antioxidant agents' role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Written from an Indian perspective, this book unravels the chemistry of the traditional Indian diet and its impact on health. Further, it can serve as a reference for other traditional productswith similar health claims.
The First Cell
This book introduces a fresh perspective on the conditions for the genesis of the first cell. An important possible environment of the prehistoric Earth has long been overlooked as a host to the perfect biochemical conditions for this process. The first complexes of continental crust on the early Earth must have already contained systems of interconnected cracks and cavities, which were filled with volatiles like water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This book offers insights into how these conditions may have provided the ideal physical and chemical setting for the formation of protocells and early stages of life.The authors support their hypothesis with a number of astonishing findings from laboratory experiments focusing on a variety of organic compounds, and on the formation of key cellular ingredients and of primitive cell-like structures. Moreover, they discuss the principles of prebiotic evolution regarding the aspects of order and complexity. Guiding readersthrough various stages of hypotheses and re-created evolutionary processes, the book is enriched with personal remarks and experiences throughout, reflecting the authors' personal quest to solve the mystery surrounding the first cell.
Gluten Sensitivity
Gluten sensitivity is a multifactorial phenomenon. In the medical context, it is associated with symptoms that occur after the consumption of gluten-containing foods. However, not all cases of perceived gluten sensitivity are medically diagnosable. Only for celiac disease and wheat allergies clear diagnostic criteria exist. In most cases patients have non-Celiac Non-Wheat Allergy Wheat Sensitivity (NCWS). Gluten can rarely be detected as a causative agent in NCWS. Rather, other ingredients of wheat, such as ATI or FODMAP, or a disturbed intestinal microbiota may be considered as triggers for the disease. Cordula Harter puts it straight: gluten sensitivity is a fashion trend that is followed by many more people than there are diagnosed patients. The author shows that gluten-containing cereals are nutritionally high-quality foods that provide valuable nutrients and fiber. Elimination is rarely medically indicated and often benefits the food industry more than the consumer. This Springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Gluten-Sensitivit瓣t by Cordula Harter, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection
This early work by Alfred Russel Wallace was originally published in 1858 and we are now republishing it with a brand new introductory biography. 'On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties' is a landmark article on Wallace's ideas of natural selection in relation to evolutionary theory. Alfred Russel Wallace was born on 8th January 1823 in the village of Llanbadoc, in Monmouthshire, Wales. Wallace was inspired by the travelling naturalists of the day and decided to begin his exploration career collecting specimens in the Amazon rainforest. He explored the Rio Negra for four years, making notes on the peoples and languages he encountered as well as the geography, flora, and fauna. While travelling, Wallace refined his thoughts about evolution and in 1858 he outlined his theory of natural selection in an article he sent to Charles Darwin. Wallace made a huge contribution to the natural sciences and he will continue to be remembered as one of the key figures in the development of evolutionary theory.
Taking Leave of Darwin
University professor Neil Thomas was a committed Darwinist and agnostic-until an investigation of evolutionary theory led him to a startling conclusion: "I had been conned!" As he studied the work of Darwin's defenders, he found himself encountering tactics eerily similar to the methods of political brainwashing he had studied as a scholar. Thomas felt impelled to write a book as a sort of warning call to humanity: "Beware! You have been fooled!" The result is Taking Leave of Darwin, a wide-ranging history of the evolution debate. Thomas uncovers many formidable Darwin opponents that most people know nothing about, ably distills crucial objections raised early and late against Darwinism, and shows that those objections have been explained away but never effectively answered. Thomas's deeply personal conclusion? Intelligent design is not only possible but, indeed, is presently the most reasonable explanation for the origin of life's great diversity of forms.
