Last But Not Least
This book is about telomere and its biology. Telomere is end part of DNA but it is not least, it is equally important to maintain function of cell. Telomeres are the necessary part of human cells that affect how our cells age. The ends of chromosomes are formed by telomeres-special chromatin structures that are essential to protect these regions from recombination and degradation activities.Defects in telomere length have been implicated in the pathology of several age-related diseases and premature aging syndromes, as well as in cancer.
Buffalo Milk Lipogenesis
Being part of the world leading milk producer country and also in which major population depends on milk for its protein requirement. Riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a major milk producing species in many Asian and Mediterranean countries and its genetic improvement ranks high among agricultural research needs of these countries. Buffalo milk contains highest fat percentage compared to all milk producing animals. The motivation of the problem was looking for the genes involved in the milk fat synthesis during lactation.
Ethics Dumping
This book provides original, up-to-date case studies of "ethics dumping" that were largely facilitated by loopholes in the ethics governance of low and middle-income countries. It is instructive even to experienced researchers since it provides a voice to vulnerable populations from the forementioned countries. Ensuring the ethical conduct of North-South collaborations in research is a process fraught with difficulties. The background conditions under which such collaborations take place include extreme differentials in available income and power, as well as a past history of colonialism, while differences in culture can add a new layer of complications. In this context, up-to-date case studies of unethical conduct are essential for research ethics training. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Fruit Metabolism and Metabolomics
Over the past ten years, metabolomics strategies have allowed the relative or absolute quantitation of metabolite levels for the study of various biological questions in plant sciences. For fruit studies, in particular, they have participated in the identification of the genes underpinning fruit development and ripening. This book proposes examples of the current use of metabolomics studies of fruit for basic research or practical applications. It includes articles about several tropical and temperate fruit species. The studies concern fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism during development and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, or bioactive compounds involved in fruit growth and environmental responses. The analytical strategies used are based mostly on liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, but also on nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy. The effect of genotype, stages of development, or fruit tissue type on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed for fruit metabolism studies. The interest in combining other omics with metabolomics is also exemplified.
Evolutionary Genomics
This open access book addresses the challenge of analyzing and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of complex biological systems at the genomic level, and elaborates on some promising strategies that would bring us closer to uncovering of the vital relationships between genotype and phenotype. After a few educational primers, the book continues with sections on sequence homology and alignment, phylogenetic methods to study genome evolution, methodologies for evaluating selective pressures on genomic sequences as well as genomic evolution in light of protein domain architecture and transposable elements, population genomics and other omics, and discussions of current bottlenecks in handling and analyzing genomic data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that lead to the best results. Authoritative and comprehensive, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Second Edition aims to serve both novices in biology with strong statistics and computational skills, and molecular biologists with a good grasp of standard mathematical concepts, in moving this important field of study forward. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Health-Promoting Effects of Traditional Foods
Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.
The Gene Ontology Handbook
This book provides a practical and self-contained overview of the Gene Ontology (GO), the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products across genomic resources. Written for biologists and bioinformaticians, it covers the state-of-the-art of how GO annotations are made, how they are evaluated, and what sort of analyses can and cannot be done with the GO. In the spirit of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series, there is an emphasis throughout the chapters on providing practical guidance and troubleshooting advice. Authoritative and accessible, The Gene Ontology Handbook serves non-experts as well as seasoned GO users as a thorough guide to this powerful knowledge system. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows
This Open Access textbook provides students and researchers in the life sciences with essential practical information on how to quantitatively analyze data images. It refrains from focusing on theory, and instead uses practical examples and step-by step protocols to familiarize readers with the most commonly used image processing and analysis platforms such as ImageJ, MatLab and Python. Besides gaining knowhow on algorithm usage, readers will learn how to create an analysis pipeline by scripting language; these skills are important in order to document reproducible image analysis workflows. The textbook is chiefly intended for advanced undergraduates in the life sciences and biomedicine without a theoretical background in data analysis, as well as for postdocs, staff scientists and faculty members who need to perform regular quantitative analyses of microscopy images. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Buruli Ulcer
A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.; Supports further investigation by summarizing state of the art in the field of Buruli ulcer research Enriches understanding of epidemiology of Buruli ulcer in different geographic regions Reviews exhaustively the characteristics of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Leptospira infections in Domestic and Wild Animal
Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as reservoirs for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host-pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contact between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this book have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.
Statistical Population Genomics
This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Statistical Population Genomics
This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Ethics Dumping
This book provides original, up-to-date case studies of "ethics dumping" that were largely facilitated by loopholes in the ethics governance of low and middle-income countries. It is instructive even to experienced researchers since it provides a voice to vulnerable populations from the forementioned countries. Ensuring the ethical conduct of North-South collaborations in research is a process fraught with difficulties. The background conditions under which such collaborations take place include extreme differentials in available income and power, as well as a past history of colonialism, while differences in culture can add a new layer of complications. In this context, up-to-date case studies of unethical conduct are essential for research ethics training. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows
This Open Access textbook provides students and researchers in the life sciences with essential practical information on how to quantitatively analyze data images. It refrains from focusing on theory, and instead uses practical examples and step-by step protocols to familiarize readers with the most commonly used image processing and analysis platforms such as ImageJ, MatLab and Python. Besides gaining knowhow on algorithm usage, readers will learn how to create an analysis pipeline by scripting language; these skills are important in order to document reproducible image analysis workflows. The textbook is chiefly intended for advanced undergraduates in the life sciences and biomedicine without a theoretical background in data analysis, as well as for postdocs, staff scientists and faculty members who need to perform regular quantitative analyses of microscopy images. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
The Gene Ontology Handbook
This book provides a practical and self-contained overview of the Gene Ontology (GO), the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products across genomic resources. Written for biologists and bioinformaticians, it covers the state-of-the-art of how GO annotations are made, how they are evaluated, and what sort of analyses can and cannot be done with the GO. In the spirit of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series, there is an emphasis throughout the chapters on providing practical guidance and troubleshooting advice. Authoritative and accessible, The Gene Ontology Handbook serves non-experts as well as seasoned GO users as a thorough guide to this powerful knowledge system. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
The Pangenome
This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book's respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Buruli Ulcer
A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.; Supports further investigation by summarizing state of the art in the field of Buruli ulcer research Enriches understanding of epidemiology of Buruli ulcer in different geographic regions Reviews exhaustively the characteristics of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
This open access book presents a comprehensive overview of dilated cardiomyopathy, providing readers with practical guidelines for its clinical management. The first part of the book analyzes in detail the disease's pathophysiology, its diagnostic work up as well as the prognostic stratification, and illustrates the role of genetics and gene-environment interaction. The second part presents current and future treatment options, highlighting the importance of long-term and individualized treatments and follow-up. Furthermore, it discusses open issues, such as the apparent healing phenomenon, the early prognosis of arrhythmic events or the use of genetic testing in clinical practice. Offering a multidisciplinary approach for optimizing the clinical management of DCM, this book is an invaluable aid not only for the clinical cardiologists, but for all physicians involved in the care of this challenging disease. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
T?CNICAS DIAGN?STICAS PARA LA DETECCI?N DEL VIRUS SARS-CoV-2
ESTE LIBRO PRETENDE SER UNA GUIA-RESUMEN PARA EL TEL DE LAS PRUEBAS DIAGNOSTICAS USADAS PARA DETECCI?N DEL SARS-CoV-2
The New Sydenham Society’s lexicon of medicine and the allied sciences
A cornerstone of Victorian era science, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences (Volume IV) stands as a testament to the intellectual ambition of nineteenth-century medicine. Every page pulses with the drive to catalogue, define, and clarify the language that shaped modern medical thought. For medical professionals, academic researchers, and classic-literature collectors alike, this comprehensive medical dictionary remains an indispensable reference - a bridge between the foundational work of Gray's Anatomy and the enduring authority of Dorland's Medical Dictionary. Henry Power's meticulous compilation draws on Mayne's celebrated lexicon, distilling the essence of medical terminology and allied sciences with clarity and precision. Here, readers discover not only the roots of medical language, but also the evolving understanding of health and disease during a pivotal era. The book's historical medical text offers a rare window into the scientific rigor and curiosity that defined its age. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike. Whether sought as a scholarly resource, a medical lexicon for reference, or a collector's item, this restored classic invites exploration and reverence.
Stem Cell Research on Cardiology
Even today, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and therapeutic approaches are very restricted. Due to the limited regenerative capabilities of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes post injury, new strategies to treat cardiac patients are urgently needed. Post myocardial injury, resident fibroblasts begin to generate the extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrosis, and finally, cardiac failure. Recently, preclinical investigations and clinical trials raised hope in stem cell-based approaches, to be an effective therapy option for these diseases. So far, several types of stem cells have been identified to be promising candidates to be applied for treatment: cardiac progenitor cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as their descendants. Furthermore, the innovative techniques of direct cardiac reprogramming of cells offered promising options for cardiovascular research, in vitro and in vivo. Hereby, the investigation of underlying and associated mechanisms triggering the therapeutic effects of stem cell application is of particular importance to improve approaches for heart patients. This Special Issue of Cells provides the latest update in the rapidly developing field of regenerative medicine in cardiology.
Evolutionary Genomics
This open access book addresses the challenge of analyzing and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of complex biological systems at the genomic level, and elaborates on some promising strategies that would bring us closer to uncovering of the vital relationships between genotype and phenotype. After a few educational primers, the book continues with sections on sequence homology and alignment, phylogenetic methods to study genome evolution, methodologies for evaluating selective pressures on genomic sequences as well as genomic evolution in light of protein domain architecture and transposable elements, population genomics and other omics, and discussions of current bottlenecks in handling and analyzing genomic data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that lead to the best results. Authoritative and comprehensive, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Second Edition aims to serve both novices in biology with strong statistics and computational skills, and molecular biologists with a good grasp of standard mathematical concepts, in moving this important field of study forward. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
The New Sydenham Society’s lexicon of medicine and the allied sciences
Step into the world of Victorian era medicine, where discovery and precision shaped the future of healthcare. The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences (Volume IV), compiled by Henry Power, stands as a comprehensive medical lexicon that bridges the knowledge of 19th-century medical practices with the evolving language of allied sciences. This historical medical dictionary is an essential reference for medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone fascinated by British medical history. Painstakingly curated, this volume offers clear definitions and context for a vast array of medical terminology, capturing the nuances of 1800s medical terms and the spirit of inquiry that defined the age. Its allied sciences glossary provides insight into the interconnected disciplines that advanced medicine during this pivotal era. Both a practical medical terminology guide and a window onto the intellectual landscape of Victorian Britain, it appeals to casual readers seeking historical perspective and to classic-literature collectors valuing authenticity. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike.
Role of Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Rise and Fall of Cancers
Recent years have seen the idea of a close association between nutrition and the modulation of cancer development/progression reinforced. An increasing amount of experimental and epidemiological evidence has been produced supporting the concept that many different bioactive components of food (e.g. polyphenols, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl-group donors, etc.) may be implicated in either the promotion of or the protection against carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, such compounds can have an impact on different but sometimes intertwined processes, such as growth and differentiation, DNA repair, programmed cell death, and oxidative stress. In addition, compelling evidence is starting to build up of the existence of primary epigenetic targets of dietary compounds, such as oncogenic/oncosuppressor miRNAs or DNA-modifying enzymes, which in turn impair gene expression and function. Since there is a growing interest in the study of the biochemical and molecular role played by food components and its impact on cellular processes and/or gene expressions directed towards the fine-tuning of cancer phenotypes, in this Special Issue researchers contributed with either research or review articles presenting the latest findings on the intracellular pathways and mechanisms affected by natural bioactive dietary molecules.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Yaxab Pore-Forming Toxin from Yersinia Enterocolitica
This book discusses the decoding of the lytic mechanism of an α-helical pore-forming toxin, YaxAB, composed of two different subunits. Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are among the most common bacterial toxins. They are produced by a variety of pathogens, which infect a wide range of organisms including plants, insects and humans. Yet the maturation of these particles and the structural changes required for pore formation are still poorly understood for many PFT families. Using a diverse panel of biochemical and structural techniques, including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, Dr. Br瓣uning and colleagues have succeeded in identifying the mechanistic contributions of the two toxin components and elucidating the lytic state of the pore complex. The results of this thesis on the YaxAB system are applicable to orthologues from agriculturally relevant insect pathogens, and offer valuable structural and mechanistic insights to inform future bioengineering efforts.
Caracter穩sticas da capa externa de caprinos em ambiente tropical
A cashmere 矇 conhecida como uma fibra fina de alto valor comercial pela suas caracter穩sticas de isolamento t矇rmico, finura, suavidade ao toque e raridade, sendo considerada a "Fibra dos Reis". A cashmere crua 矇 composta por: pelos grossos; os chamados pelos-guarda, que s瓊o fibras finas que crescem abaixo dos pelos grossos; os chamados subpelos; e as impurezas naturais. Todo este material 矇 processado para produzir cashmere pura. A fibra de Cashmere 矇 tradicionalmente produzida nas regi繭es da China, Mong籀lia, Himalaia, Afeganist瓊o e Ir瓊. Nas 繳ltimas d矇cadas, ind繳strias de processamento foram estabelecidas perto de novas regi繭es produtoras, incluindo a Argentina, ?ndia, Nova Zel璽ndia e ?frica do Sul. O reconhecimento de Cashmere de alta qualidade produzida no Brasil poder獺 incentivar estudos sobre a quantidade de Cashmere produzida e a viabilidade de sua comercializa癟瓊o, e com isto, possibilitar o desenvolvimento de t矇cnicas nacionais para o treinamento de m瓊o de obra qualificada tanto para a produ癟瓊o quanto para a certifica癟瓊o de qualidade e autenticidade das fibras finas de alto valor.
As plantas medicinais e escalda p矇s para a preven癟瓊o e a cura natural
O cultivo e o uso de plantas medicinais, in natura, nasceu em 2005 na Penitenci獺ria Regional de Bom Jesus PI "Dom Abel Alonso N繳簽ez" copiando o modelo de cultivo das hortas e havendo a necessidade pelas condi癟繭es financeiras e escassez de medicamentos para tratar dos detentos se buscou a alternativa da implementa癟瓊o do plantio de plantas medicinais pelos detentos nas 獺reas ociosas e internas da unidade prisional de Bom Jesus.O trabalho foi desenvolvido visando n瓊o s籀 a melhoria da sa繳de f穩sica dos detentos, mas tamb矇m da sa繳de mental, uma vez que o trabalho laboral voltado para o cultivo agr穩cola, notadamente tem contribu穩do para a ressocializa癟瓊o dos detentos da unidade prisional de Bom Jesus, Estado do Piau穩. A Secretaria Municipal de Sa繳de de Bom Jesus copiou a ideia do uso das plantas medicinais no modelo antigo da Penitenci獺ria Regional de Bom Jesus, a produ癟瓊o das plantas pelos detentos 矇 levada para a Farm獺cia B獺sica Municipal, favorecendo a popula癟瓊o bonjesuense.
The Mediterranean aeolid nudibranch ”Cratena peregrina”. Feeding rates and behaviour
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Biology - Behaviour, grade: 1,0, University of Rostock (Biowissenschaften), language: English, abstract: In order to investigate the feeding behaviour and the feeding rate of Cratena peregrina, two different experiments were conducted. Behaviour experiments were performed in a tank and feeding rate experiments in a beaker. A total of 31 individuals was tested, 22 hours each, with full surveillance in during the trials. There are three major research hypotheses investigated in this study: 1) Cratena peregrina is able to locate Eudendrium spec. colonies in its surrounding. 2) Cratena peregrina feeds systematically on the hydroid colonies. 3) The feeding rate correlates with the length of the molluscs. This study was also conducted regarding possible contribution to the biomedical field, concerning the handling and observation of nudibranch specie. Moreover, it hopes to reveal useful information for further studies about the biology and ecology of nudibranchs. For these purposes, two tests were developed: one for evaluating the feeding behaviour of Cratena peregrina and one for determining the feeding rate of the individuals.
Gaiolas enriquecidas para galinhas poedeiras
Este livro trata com detalhes as vantagens e as desvantagens dos diferentes sistemas de alojamento de galinhas poedeiras comerciais, baseado principalmente na experi礙ncia Europeia de produ癟瓊o de ovos. Ademais, s瓊o enfatizados aspectos de utiliza癟瓊o dos recursos das gaiolas enriquecidas que afetam diretamente o comportamento e bem-estar animal. Por outro lado, tamb矇m s瓊o apresentados aspectos relacionados com qualidade de ovos que tem um impacto muito grande sobre a sa繳de dos consumidores. O livro 矇 finalizado com um cap穩tulo que traz uma revis瓊o dos significados e dos m矇todos de avalia癟瓊o do bem-estar de galinhas poedeiras.
Arbidol
Antiviral drug development has led to significant advances in the control of globally prevalent viral infections by the hepatitis C (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency viruses. Nonetheless, there are current gaps in the armamentarium against global viral infections due to some herpes viruses, the hepatitis B virus, and the deadly filovirus Ebola and arenavirus Tacaribe responsible of outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in emerging countries. Arbidol (ARB) is a cost-effective antiviral with broad-spectrum activity, administered for decades in Russia and China against flu. We showed that ARB inhibits HCV infection, and has potent antiviral activity against the Ebola, Tacaribe, hepatitis B and human herpes-8 viruses. Since these viruses have divergent life cycles, we posit that ARB may exhibit varied modes of action against different viruses. Careful dissection of molecular mechanisms of action of ARB against HCV and the Ebola virus revealed that ARB blocked viral entry. ARB might, therefore, constitute a pharmacological approach against globally prevalent viruses, and an affordable molecule for emerging countries in urgent need for effective antiviral therapies.
Assessment of Different Contaminants in Freshwater
In many parts of the world, freshwater is a subject of frequent and intense large-scale disturbances. Pollution, water withdrawal, alteration of freshwater flows, road construction, aquifer mining, surface water diversion, desertification, wetland drainage, soil erosion in agriculture, deforestation, and dam building have led to some irreversible species losses and severe changes in community compositions of freshwater ecosystems. Pollution represents one of the most relevant impacts on freshwater environments, ranging from surface water bodies-such as springs, streams, rivers, lakes, and intermittent waterbodies-to groundwater and transitional habitats between surface waters and groundwaters. The origins and fates of pollutants are different and depend on various pollutants, including fertilizers with pesticides in agricultural areas, heavy metals, chlorinated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are predominantly derived from industrial and urban settlements. Another pollutant is microplastics, which can increase in concentration in freshwater bodies and constitute emerging contaminants in freshwater systems when taken together with pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The broad distribution of several pollutants leads to significant changes of freshwater ecosystems, together with the extinction of the most sensitive species or the drastic lowering in abundances of others, thus altering community compositions and the ecosystem services provided by freshwater biodiversity.
Evolutionary Relationships and Population Genetics of Moray Eels
This work examines the evolutionary relationships among different species of moray eels as well as the population-level patterns of variation within four species of moray eels. Using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, evolutionary relationships are unraveled and used to ask important questions about biogeography and the evolution of morphological features. Within species, analysis reveal high levels of gene flow and connectivity across vast swaths of the Indo-Pacific.
NRF2 as a Central Point in Cancer Metastasis
NRF2 is a master regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response through controlling the expression of anti-oxidative stress response proteins and detoxifying enzymes. Cancer cells also exploit NRF2 protective functions to thrive and resist anti-tumor drugs. NRF2 is highly active in several types of human cancers and is associated with aggressiveness and metastasis. NRF2 affects many targets that are involved in hypoxia, angiogenesis, invasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. NRF2 was found to be targeted by many microRNAs, so that it could be used as effective cancer therapy to improve the outcomes and contribute to the advancement of anti-tumor drugs.
Molecular Biocatalysis 2.0
Biotransformation has accompanied mankind since the Neolithic community, when people settled down and began to engage in agriculture. Modern biocatalysis started in the mid-1850s with the pioneer works of Pasteur. Today, biotransformations have become an indispensable part of our lives, similar to other hi-tech products. Now, in 2019, biocatalysis "received" the Nobel Prize in Chemistry due to prof. Frances H. Arnold's achievements in the area of the directed evolution of enzymes. This book deals with some major topics of biotransformation, such as the application of enzymatic methods in glycobiology, including the synthesis of hyaluronan, complex glycoconjugates of N-acetylmuramic acid, and the enzymatic deglycosylation of rutin. Enzymatic redox reactions were exemplified by the enzymatic synthesis of indigo from indole, oxidations of β-ketoesters and the engineering of a horse radish peroxidase. The enzymatic reactions were elegantly employed in biosensors, such as glucose oxidase, in the case of electrochemical glucose sensors. Nitrilases are important enzymes for nitrile metabolism in plants and microorganisms have already found broad application in industry-here, these enzymes were for the first time described in Basidiomyceta. This book nicely describes molecular biocatalysis as a pluripotent methodology-"A jack of all trades..."-which strongly contributes to the high quality and sustainability of our daily lives.
Biogenese, Anthropogenese und Extraterrestrische Intelligenz
Doktorarbeit / Dissertation aus dem Jahr 1987 im Fachbereich Biologie - Humanbiologie, Note: erfolgreich, Universit瓣t Rostock (Aktion Biologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Arbeit befasst sich mit den Gesetzm瓣?igkeiten der H繹herentwicklung in Natur und Gesellschaft, das hei?t der Entwicklung von niederen zu h繹heren Bewegungsformen der Materie. H繹herentwicklung wird entsprechend dem Dritten Dialektischen Grundgesetz nach Friedrich Engels als doppelte Negation gedeutet. Der progressive Verlauf in der Bioevolution und in der Menschheitsgeschichte wird somit durch ein rhythmisches Schwingungsmuster zwischen dialektischen Gegens瓣tzen beschrieben. Die in der Arbeit entwickelte Modellvorstellung wurde zwar zu DDR-Zeiten unter dem Einfluss der zugrunde gegangenen realsozialistischen Kultur entwickelt. In der Gegenwart k繹nnten diese Ideen jedoch bedeutsam werden im Diskurs 羹ber das vom chinesischen Philosophen Zhao Tingyang entwickelte Konzept Tianxia 羹ber die Zukunft einer neuen Weltordnung. Methodologisch basiert die Untersuchung vorwiegend auf Analogien. Durch Vergleiche zwischen den verschiedenen Stufen und Phasen wird versucht, 瓣hnliches zu finden. Diese Methode der vergleichenden Analyse hat in der Biologie eine lange Tradition. Bei Analogiebetrachtungen ist es manchmal unumg瓣nglich, den Inhalt bestimmter Begriffe zu erweitern bzw. metaphorische Redewendungen zu gebrauchen. Mit stark erweitertem Bedeutungsinhalt wird hier z.B. der Begriff der "Kenntnis" gebraucht. Die Darstellung beginnt mit der Charakterisierung des Negationsparameters. Darauf folgt eine Beschreibung des Periodisierungsverfahrens. Sie beginnt mit der Vielzellerevolution, weil hier das empirische Belegmaterial weniger l羹ckenhaft ist. Bei den Ausf羹hrungen zur Gesellschaftsentwicklung werden die bestehenden Analogien durch Thesen zu den einzelnen Negationsphasen noch einmal rekapituliert und teilweise pr瓣zisiert. Das abschlie?ende Kapitel zieht Schlussfolgerungen zur Methodologie der 繹kologischen
Molecular Research in Rice
This volume presents recent research achievements concerning the molecular genetic basis of agronomic traits in rice. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world, being a staple food for more than half of the world's population. Recent improvements in living standards have increased the worldwide demand for high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars. To achieve improved agricultural performance in rice, while overcoming the challenges presented by climate change, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of agronomically important traits. Recently developed techniques in molecular biology, especially in genomics and other related omics fields, can reveal the complex molecular mechanisms involved in the control of agronomic traits. As rice was the first crop genome to be sequenced, in 2004, molecular research tools for rice are well-established, and further molecular studies will enable the development of novel rice cultivars with superior agronomic performance.
Carbon and Nitrogen in Forest Ecosystems-Series I
Understanding the differences in carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling both spatially and temporally using various approaches is essential in forest ecosystems. In addition, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors as well as natural and artificial disturbances on carbon and nitrogen cycling need to first be understood before drawing their implications to forest management practices. This Special Issue aims to understand carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling in forest ecosystems for ecosystem-based forest management under different natural and artificial disturbances.
Nature-Nurture? No
Almost every day we hear that some trait "has a strong genetic basis" or "of course it is a combination of genes and environment, but the hereditary component is sizeable." To say No to Nature-Nurture is to reject this relative weighting of heredity and environment. This book shows that partitioning the variation observed for any trait into a heritability fraction and other components provides little clear or useful information about the genetic and environmental influences. A key move this book makes is to distill the issues into eight conceptual and methodological gaps that need attention. Some gaps should be kept open; others should be bridged-or the difficulty of doing so should be conceded. Previous researchers and commentators have either not acknowledged all the gaps, not developed the appropriate responses, or not consistently sustained their responses. Indeed, despite decades of contributions to nature-nurture debates, some fundamental problems in the relevant sciences have been overlooked. When all the gaps are given proper attention, the limitations of human heritability studies become clear. They do not provide a reliable basis for genetic research that seeks to identify the molecular variants associated with trait variation, for assertions that genetic differences in many traits come, over people's lifetimes, to eclipse environmental differences and that the search for environmental influences and corresponding social policies is unwarranted, or for sociological research that focuses on differences in the experiences of members of the same family. Saying No is saying Yes to interesting scientific and policy questions about heredity and variation. To move beyond the gaps is to make space for fresh inquiries in a range of areas: in various sciences, from genetics and molecular biology to epidemiology and agricultural breeding; in history, philosophy, sociology, and politics of the life and social sciences; and in engagement of the public in discussion of developments in science.
Nature-Nurture? No
Almost every day we hear that some trait "has a strong genetic basis" or "of course it is a combination of genes and environment, but the hereditary component is sizeable." To say No to Nature-Nurture is to reject this relative weighting of heredity and environment. This book shows that partitioning the variation observed for any trait into a heritability fraction and other components provides little clear or useful information about the genetic and environmental influences. A key move this book makes is to distill the issues into eight conceptual and methodological gaps that need attention. Some gaps should be kept open; others should be bridged-or the difficulty of doing so should be conceded. Previous researchers and commentators have either not acknowledged all the gaps, not developed the appropriate responses, or not consistently sustained their responses. Indeed, despite decades of contributions to nature-nurture debates, some fundamental problems in the relevant sciences have been overlooked. When all the gaps are given proper attention, the limitations of human heritability studies become clear. They do not provide a reliable basis for genetic research that seeks to identify the molecular variants associated with trait variation, for assertions that genetic differences in many traits come, over people's lifetimes, to eclipse environmental differences and that the search for environmental influences and corresponding social policies is unwarranted, or for sociological research that focuses on differences in the experiences of members of the same family. Saying No is saying Yes to interesting scientific and policy questions about heredity and variation. To move beyond the gaps is to make space for fresh inquiries in a range of areas: in various sciences, from genetics and molecular biology to epidemiology and agricultural breeding; in history, philosophy, sociology, and politics of the life and social sciences; and in engagement of the public in discussion of developments in science.
Statistical Analysis on the Big Experimental SNP Data
In this book, we carried out research work to explore the statistical properties of experimental SNP data using the autosomal DNA variation data from the 1000 Genomes Project, which is the most comprehensive large-scale genome-wide polymorphism data. We classified the SNPs into different types based on the frequency of their minor alleles in the sample. The results show that the relationship between the number of different types of SNPs and the frequency of their minor alleles in the sample are very similar to the theoretical inferences and can be expressed by a power function. In human populations, the effective population size is usually not constant, and many assumptions, such as random mating and non-overlapping generations etc which are assumed under neutrality, are unlikely true strictly, but it has been generally found that major characteristics of polymorphism agree well with the predictions of neutrality.
Environment
Our planet earth is facing various environmental problems caused due to man-made activities. These problems are causing long term damage to several ecosystems. We all have to come together to create sustainable development strategies and mitigation policies for environmental problems. Common people and students must be made aware about causes, impacts and remedies for environmental issues. This book constitutes research and review papers on various topics like various Environmental Problems, Effect of mobile tower radiations on birds, Mitigation Policies, Environment Education, and Public Participation, Use of Compost for Carbon Sequestration, Bioremediation, Phytomonitoring and Phytoremediation, Legislative attempts for Environment Protection, Microbial Degradation and Detoxification of dyes, Nanofluids, E-waste and Disposal Techniques, Green and Cloud Computing, Sustainable Tourism etc. written by professors and researchers. This book is useful for researchers, academicians, students, nature lovers, environmentalists, government officials and policy makers etc.
Heavy Metals Accumulation, Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants
In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.
Biomarkers of Environmental Toxicants
Biomarkers of environmental toxicants are measures of exposures, some of which can serve to assess disease risk and inter-individual susceptibilities. Metabolites, protein and DNA adducts also serve to elucidate the mechanisms of the bioactivation and detoxication of reactive toxicant intermediates. Some environmental chemicals act as modulators of gene and protein activity, and induce the dysbiosis of the microbiome, which impacts the metabolome and overall health. In this Special Issue on "Biomarkers of Environmental Toxicants", review articles and original research studies are featured, covering the latest bioanalytical, biochemical and mass spectrometry-based technologies, to monitor exposures through targeted and non-targeted methods, and mechanistic studies that examine the biological effects of environmental toxicants in cells and humans. Diverse topics, such as exposome, microbiome, DNA/protein adducts and t-RNA modifications, as well as important environment toxicants, including heavy metals, benzene, phthalates, aldehydes, glycidol, tobacco smoke and aristolochic acids, are covered. Novel analytical methods, such as protein adductomics, DNA adduct analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, site-specific mutagenesis assay and accelerator mass spectrometry, are also included. This collection provides a valuable update of the most recent biochemical and analytical tools that employ biomarkers in toxicology research, biomarker discovery, and exposure and risk assessment in population-based studies.
Scenarios and Responses to Future Deep Oil Spills
Prepared by an authorship drawn from academic researchers, oil production companies, and government scientists and contractorsIncludes research sponsored by the government that has only recently been released to the public Features the results of new, never before published, critical findings on relevant topics
Edible Insects as Innovative Foods
There is global interest in using insects as food and feed. However, before insects can be recommended as a type of nourishment to augment more traditional and widely accepted sources of food and feed, it is essential that in-depth research involving a variety of subjects is carried out. We can learn from societies in which insects are still a component of the local diet which species are preferred and how they are prepared for human consumption. We need information on the chemical composition of edible insects and have to make sure we know what kinds of micro-organisms and pathogens they contain. Legal questions in relation to the sale and breeding of certain species need to be addressed, and medicinal aspects of edible insects and their products should be examined. How best to market selected species and make them palatable to a clientele that more than often rejects the idea of insects in the diet are further important aspects in need of study. This book deals with these questions in 19 articles written by experts from at least 20 different countries that represent a range of disciplines. As such, it is a useful tome for a wide range of food researchers.
Technologia produkcji paliwa bioetanolowego
Po globalnym spadku podaży i wzroście cen paliw kopalnych, takich nieuchronnych skutkach spalania paliw kopalnych, jak globalne ocieplenie i zmiana warunk籀w klimatycznych, by wymienic tylko kilka z nich, w krajach rozwiniętych, rozwijających się i slabiej rozwiniętych zbliża się stopniowa zmiana i zmiana sposobu wykorzystania energii. Wśr籀d nich jest przejście na sposoby przyjazne dla środowiska, kt籀re spelniają wymogi polityki neutralności pod względem emisji dwutlenku węgla.Bioetanol jako substytut paliwa dla samochod籀w mobilnych i silnik籀w pracujących na ropie naftowej jest jednym z tych ekologicznych źr籀del energii, kt籀re obiecują przyszlośc. Książka ta jest wciągającym, bogatym enchirydionem i przewodnikiem po sukcesywnej produkcji, obejmującym zar籀wno procesy produkcyjne, ekonomię, technologie, rafinację, jak i perspektywy bioetanolu jako substytutu paliwa naftowego.Książka Salima Abubakara świadczy o jego zaangażowaniu w rozpowszechnianie informacji na rzecz rozwoju i korzyści środowiska naukowego w tej samej dziedzinie.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and it represents a persistent public health threat for a number of complex biological and sociological reasons. According to the most recent Global Tuberculosis Report (2019) edited by the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is considered the ninth cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent, with the highest rate of infections and death toll rate mostly concentrated in developing and low-income countries. We present here the editorial section to the Special Issue entitled "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment" that includes 7 research articles and a review. The scientific contributions included in the Special Issue mainly focus on the characterization of MTB strains emerging in TB endemic countries as well as on multiple mechanisms adopted by the bacteria to resist and to adapt to antitubercular therapies.
Hedgehog Signaling in Organogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that governs complex developmental processes, including stem cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation, and patterning. Several recent studies have shown that the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is associated with neoplastic transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, multiple cancers' drug resistance, and survival rates. This book focuses on several aspects of Hedgehog signaling in organogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, and presents reviews and original papers on recent efforts in the field of Hedgehog signaling.
